A comprehensive presentation on techniological advancements in aquaculture.

1. CALVIN PANIKKASSERY
MSc. IF 2ND SEM
SIF, CUSAT

2.  Aquaculture is a sector of fisheries which
have gained great importance over the years.
 In 2014, fish harvested from aquaculture
amounted to 73.8 million tonnes, with an
estimated first-sale value of US$160.2 billion.
It accounted for 44.1% of the total fish
production of the world

3.  The development of effective fish farming
projects requires technological input.
 Aquaculture technology refers to a wide
variety of subjects and fields, which affect the
performance of the fish or Shrimp farming
project
 Aquaculture technology does not refer merely
to knowing ‘how to grow the fish in the tank’.
 The intention is to design and construct a
sustainable and profitable venture, which will
remain in operation over the years.

5.  Application of genetic principles to increase
production.(eg: Genetically Improved Farming
Tilapia)
 Development of techniques to produce
monosex populations
 Molecular techniques also show significant
promise for aquaculture application
 Specific pathogen free (SPF)broodstock
(Vannamei shrimps)

7. Vannamei shrimp

8.  In vitro tissue culture for detection and
isolation of pathogenic viruses and
intracellular bacteria are currently available
for many fish species.
 Use of DNA probes for early detection of
diseases
 Use of biochemical techniques like
Quantitative Real Time PCR system, Standard
PCR, Spectrophotometer, Tissue
homogeniser, Gel documentation system etc.
for screening of pathogens in fishes

9.  The Energy center providing electricity and waste
heat to enable year-round production of fish
under any climatic conditions (in closed systems).
 The Fish production system discharges sludge,
and the Fish Processing Plant provides scrap,
both converted to Liquid Fertilizer by the bio-
digester, to be used by the greenhouse to
improve vegetable production, or to produce
biodiesel.
 CO2 emitted in the process of fish respiration
can optionally be diverted, as CO2-rich warm air,
into the vegetable greenhouse atmosphere to
facilitate photosynthesis at optimal temperatures.

10.  Biodiesel is made from irrigated vegetable
oils, fish scrap recycled greases.
 Obtained after processing the fresh fish fillets
for the high-end seafood consumers.
 Biodiesel is usually used as a diesel additive
to reduce levels of particulates, carbon
monoxide, and hydrocarbons from diesel-
powered vehicles.

11. Integrated Fish Farming and Irrigation process

12.  Increase fish output, without reducing output of
irrigated crops
Diversification into high value consumer food
items – fish fillets
Diversification into a green-tech biofuel crops
Reduced irrigation costs for biofuel and food
crops
Exportation of highly demanded products
Overall reduction in production cost by sharing
water costs
Increase in rate of return on investments in the
water supply and distribution
Environmentally sustainable system

13.  Globally, offshore fish farms are leading the
charge when it comes to advanced
aquaculture technology, technique and
design.
 Over the years offshore fish farming
techniques have shown great potential in the
industry.

14.  Aquapod cages were inputted into Earth
Ocean Farms’ operations back in 2011.
 They are constructed with a series of triangle
net panels fashioned into a sphere.
 Invented by Ocean Farm Technologies (now
known as InnovaSea Systems).
 A dive team and biologists monitor the cages,
which are suited for open ocean conditions
and a diversity of species.

15. An Aquapod installed off Puerto Rico

16.  Also a development of InnovaSea Systems
 SeaStation fish pens design allows for farm
operators to reduce the total cost of grow-
out on medium-to-high energy aquaculture
sites.

17. Underwater view
Seastation moored off Hawaiian coast

18.  The concept put forth by Smart Floating Farms is
one that encourages and embodies “a highly
productive floating ecosystem.”
 The project involves several layers – green energy
production facilities will be used to power and
maintain hydroponics farms, with waste
byproducts from the crops feeding the fish being
harvested on the lower levels of the ecosystem.
 These farms can be located near to many mega-
cities or dense populated areas with a physical
water access, including places like New York,
Chicago and Seattle in the United States; Tokyo,
Japan; and Istanbul, Turkey.

19. Floating farm concept

20.  Mariculture parks are comprehensive
operations meant to produce and process a
number of products such as finfish, shellfish
and seaweeds.
 It is a concept under development by KZO Sea
Farms, USA
 The offshore open ocean cages can be
submerged to avoid cyclones, oil spills and
the growth threshold of toxic harmful algae
blooms.

21.  It is a concept for an offshore fish farming
facility, which features nets that adjust to the
motion of the waves and currents, preventing
rips and escapes.
 Developed by Norwegian SalMar Co.
 The prototype farm is a circular steel
structure measuring out to 110 meters, with
an operating draft of 42 meters and a total
height of 67 meters.
 Similar to technology used to anchor floating
oil platforms to the seafloor.

22. Prototype installed at Ocean Basin at Tyholt,
Trondheim.

23.  Design put forward by Nordlaks NSK Ship
Designs, Norway.
 These Havfarms will be able to contain some
10,000 tons of salmon each.
 Six cages will be built into the boats, each
measuring 50 by 50 meters in size with
aquaculture nets that span 60 meters deep.
 It could potentially finish the first Havfarm by
the end of 2017.

24. Havfarm Ship

26.  India have come a long way in terms of
aquaculture technology and boosting its
production.
 Various agencies have dedicated themselves
in developing newer methods for
enhancement of culture fisheries.
Such as:
• CIFA
• CIBA
• RGCA
• NAcSA

27.  Technology standardized for production of
WSSV free Artemia cysts and biomass through
aquaculture. Record production levels of up
to of 231.5 Kg Artemia wet Cyst/Ha/Crop of
90 days has been achieved at the RGCA
project.
 Registered as “Pearl Brand Artemia Cyst” at
the Trademarks office in Chennai.
 India imports around 50 metric tons of
Artemia cysts annually for its aquaculture
activities.

29.  The Grouper Project of RGCA was initiated in the year
2006.
 Comprises of a Land Based Hatchery facility at
Kodiaghat in South Andamans and an Open Sea cage
farm off Rutand Island.
 The sea cage farm has 21 HDPE Sea cage rafts, an FRP
boat, two out board motors for cage operations, Jet
washing machine to clean net cages and SCUBA
diving equipment & accessories.
 Standardized natural spawning of Tiger Grouper and
Orange spotted grouper in floating net cages and
achieved natural spawning in land based broodstock
tanks simulating natural sea conditions.

30.  Over 3 metric tons of Tiger Grouper has been
harvested from these operations; Achieved
Breeding of Orange Spotted Grouper -
Epinephelus coioides in captivity

32.  The Marine Finfish Project of RGCA was initiated
during the year 2009 with Cobia (Rachycentron
canadum) as the candidate species.
 The facility is equipped with broodstock
maintenance tanks with dedicated Recirculation
Aquaculture Systems (RAS) and live feed
production unit.
 Sea ranching of hatchery produced Cobia
juveniles was carried out at Vizhinjam as a part
of Marine Natural Stock Enhancement Programme

33.  Fifteen successful breedings were achieved at
the project since January 2011.
 Over 66 metric tons of Cobia have been
produced during these farming
trials/demonstrations
 Demonstration of trial grow-out culture of
Cobia in circular HDPE cages installed in
Open sea off Muttom coast is going on.

34. Cobia Hatchery

35. Harvesting of Cobia

36.  The Sea bass Hatchery project was initiated
by RGCA during the year 2000
 Established on a 13. 2 acre own site; The
hatchery complex comprises of a quarantine
section, broodstock housing and spawning
sections, larval rearing section, fingerling
rearing area and a full-fledged live feed
section
 Around 1 million Seabass seeds have been
supplied from the facility during the year
2013-14.

37. Seabass hatchery at Thoduvai, Tamil Nadu

38.  Sustainably augmenting the production of
vannamei ensuring the quality of seeds by the
establishment of Broodstock Multiplication
Centres and Nucleus Breeding Centres
 The Black Tiger resources of Chilika lake is
augmented by nursery rearing and ranching
of High Health seeds

39.  Expand the farming areas by easing the land
leasing policy and revival of defunct / old
farms.
 Scale up the production of potential
candidate varieties of aquaculture such as Sea
bass, Mud Crab, Tilapia, Pompano and Cobia
 Increase area under production -only 13% of
suitable land brought under aquaculture
 Tie up with private or public hatcheries shall
be done to have multispecies hatchery cycles
 Increase hatchery production of high quality
seeds for all species farmed at present

40.  Globally, technological innovations are
showing a positive impact on aquaculture
diversification success, investment potential,
and international technology exchange.
 Biotechnology is a useful tool in developing
disease-free strains of fishseed, highly
nutritive fishfood etc.
 Newer innovations in culture system designs
are paving way for tremendous growth in
production in the future.

41.  Off-shore culture systems are to be promoted
along with land based culture systems for
enhancing production of marine species, as
catches from wild are stagnating.
 In India the aquaculture has shown growth over
the years, but has more scope in improving its
present status by adapting new technologies.
 Govt. agencies alone are conducting research and
technology transfer in the field.
 Lack of entrepreneurship is a constraining factor
in Indian culture fishery industry.
 Private collaboration may help the industry in
garnering capital investment for technological
developments and growth of aquaculture in the
nation.

42.  http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/ab412e/ab412e
09.htm
 http://www.aquaculture.co.il/Technology/techno
logy.html
 http://blogs.worldwatch.org/nourishingtheplanet
/five-sustainable-innovations-in-aquaculture/
 http://www.seafoodsource.com/news/aquacultur
e/7-cutting-edge-offshore-aquaculture-
innovations-and-designs?start=1
 http://www.seafoodsource.com/news/aquacultur
e/7-cutting-edge-offshore-aquaculture-
innovations-and-designs?start=1

43. THANK YOU