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]pXp-a-bmÀ-¶ ]mTm-kq-{XWw 
A[ym-]n-I-bp-sS t]-cv: c-ay hn-Pb³ ¢mkv: F-«v 
kv-IqÄ: hn-F-¨v-F-kvF-kv t^mÀ tKÄkv k-a-bw: 45an-n«v 
hn-jbw: a-e-bmfw Xo-b-Xn:18.8.2014 
GI-Iw:DÀ-h-c-X-bp-sS kw-KoXw 
D-]-G-IIw: A-cn-{io 
BapJw 
]mTm-]-{KYw 
Bib]cw 
Ir-jn H-cp kw-kv-Im-c-am-bn Im-Wm-¯ A-h-Ø F-¶v {]-iv--ta- 
J-e-bm-Wv F«mw X-c-¯n-se 'DÀ-h-c-X-bp-sS kw-Ko-Xw' F-¶ 
bq-Wn-än NÀ-¨ sN-¿p-¶Xv. Irjn-tbm-Sp-Å A-h-Ø hÀ-[n-¨p-h- 
cp-¶ km-l-N-cy-¯n-em-Wv F-kv.sI. s]m-sä-¡m-«n-sâ A-cn- 
{io F-¶ ]mTw {i-t²-b-am-Ip-¶-Xv. ImÀ-jn-I-kw-kv-Im-c-¯n 
A-Sn-bpd-¨v hn-iz-kn-¡p-I-bpw Ir-jn H-cp Po-hn-X-hr-¯n-bm- 
¡p-Ibpw sNbv-X _m-en-bn-se P-§-sf Ip-dn-¨mWv Cu ]mT-¯n 
]-d-bp-¶Xv. 
Irjn-bm-Wv _m-en-Zzo-]n-se P--§-fp-sS ap-JyPo-hn-X-amÀ¤ 
w. Ip-¶n³-ap-I-fn à I-em-am-Xr-I-bn sI-«n-bp- 
­m¡ 
n-b km-h-I-fn-em-Wv A-hÀ -Ir-jn sN-¿p-¶Xv. ssI-sIm-­p-
kmln-Xy]cw 
­m¡ 
n-b Hu-§³ F-¶ Xp-c-¦-§Ä h-gn-bm-Wv Ir-jn-bn-S-§-fn 
sh-Åw F-¯n-¡p-¶Xv. kp-_m-¡v F-¶-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶ ImÀjn-I kw-L-S-- 
bp-sS Io-gn-em-Wv Ir-jn -S-¡p-¶Xv. Hmtcm hÀ-jhpw Ir-jn-¡ 
p-ap-t¶m-Sn-bm-bn hn-h-n[ B-Nm-c-p-jvTm--§-Ä _m-en- 
bn -S-¯m-dp-­v. 
Fkv.sI s]m-sä-¡m-«v: 1913Â tIm-gn-t¡m-Sv PnÃ-bn-se tIm-«q-fn- 
¸mS-¯v P--w. i-¦-c³-Ip-«n Ip-ªn-cm-a³ s]m-sä-¡m-«v F-¶v 
ap-gp-h³ t]cv. sN-dp-I-Ym-Ir¯v, k-©m-c-km-ln-Xy-Imc³, tm-h- 
en-kv-äv, I-hn F-¶o n-e-I-fn {]-i-kv-X³. 1962þ67 Ime-¯v 
tem-Iv-k-`mw-K-am-bn-cp-¶p. 1982 Hm-K-kv-äv B-dn-v n-cy- 
X-m-bn. 
Ir-XnIÄ: hn-j-I-y-I, aq-Sp-]Sw, H-cp-tZ-i-¯n-sâ IY(tm-h-ep- 
IÄ), ssÂ-U-bdn, Im-¸n-cn-I-fp-sS m-«nÂ, ]m-Xn-cm-kq-cy-sâ 
m-«nÂ(k-©m-cn-bp-sS km-lnXyw), k-©m-cn-bp-sS Ko- 
X-§Ä(Ihn-X). 
Úm--]oT-]p-c-kv-Im-cw t-Sn-bn-«p­v. 
k-©m-c-km-ln-Xyw: hm-b--¡mÀ-¡v h-f-sc-tb-sd XmÂ-]-cy-ap- 
Å km-ln-Xy-im-J-bm-Wv k-©m-c-km-ln-Xyw. a-p-jy-sâ 
A-p`-h-tem-I-hp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-« FÃm L-S-I-§-fpwþ m-Sn-sâ 
`q-an-im-kv-{X-]-c-hpw N-cn-{X-]-c-hpam-b {]-tXy-I-XIÄ,
t_m-[-tm-t±-iy-§Ä 
A-h-iy-]qÀ-Æ-{]m-]vXn 
Po-hn-X-coXn, kw-kv-Imcw, km-aq-ln-I-LS-, `-c-W-kw-hn- 
[m-w F-¶n-h-sbÃmw A-XnÂ-s¸-Spw. `m-h-bpw n-co-£-W- 
]m-Shpw k-©m-c-km-ln-Xy-Imc-v A-n-hm-cy-amWv. 
*F-kv.sI.s]m-sä-¡m-«v F-¶ F-gp-¯p-Im-c-sbpw A-t±-l-¯n-sâ Ir- 
Xn-Ifpw ]-cn-N-b-s¸-Sp¶p. 
* k-©m-c-km-ln-Xyim-J ]-cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¶p. 
*_m-en-Zzo-]n-se ImÀ-jn-I-kw-kv-Im-cw a--kn-em-¡p-¶p 
*Ir-jn-bp-sS {]m-[myw Xn-cn-¨-dn-bp¶p. 
*-ã-s¸«p-sIm-­n- 
cn-¡p-¶ ImÀjn-I kw-kv-Imc-s¯ Xn-cn-¨-dn-bp- 
¶p. 
*NÀ-¨ kw-L-Sn-¸n-¡p¶-Xv F-§-s-sb-¶v a--kn-em-¡p¶p. 
*F-kv.sI.s]m-sä-¡m-«n-s Ip-dn-¨v tI-«n-«p-­v. 
*Ir-jn-n-e-§Ä I-­n- 
«p­v. 
*Ir-jn D-]-Po-h--amÀ-¤-am-¡n-bh-sc ]-cn-N-b-ap­v. 
*k-©m-c-km-ln-Xy-Ir-Xn hm-bn-¨n-«p­v. 
*HmÀ-½-I-fn F-kv sI s]m-sä-¡m-«vþhoUntbm 
*_m-en-Zzo-]n-se ImÀjn-I kw-kv-Im-cw sh-fn-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶ hn-t 
m-Z-k©m-c Zr-iy-§Ä 
*F-kv-sI s]m-sä-¡m-«n-sâ Nn{Xw
]T-tm-]-I-c-W-§Ä 
]T-tmÂ-¸-¶-§-Ä 
*{]-hÀ-¯--ImÀ-UpIÄ 
NÀ-¨ 
]T--{]-hÀ-¯--§Ä {]-Xn-I-c-W§Ä 
{]m-cw`w 
X-¶m-s Xm-s X-s X-¶m-w Xm-s.. F-¶ ]m- 
«v A-[ym]n-I ]m-Sp¶p. 
Cu ]m-«p tIÄ-¡p-t¼mÄ n-§-fp-sS a--kn F- 
´mWv HmÀ-½ h-cp-¶-sX-¶v A-[ym]nI tNm- 
Zn-¡p¶p 
Ip-«n-IÄ A-[ym-]nI-sb G-äp-]m-Sp¶p 
Ip-«n-IÄ h-b-en ]-Wn-sb-Sp-¡p-¶ Ir-jn-¡mÀ 
F-¶p-]-d-bp¶p
hf-sc i-cn-bm-Wv FÃm-hcpw h-b-en Ir-jn sN- 
¿p¶-Xv I-­n- 
«pt­m 
F-¶v A-[ym]nI tNm-Zn- 
¡p¶p 
an-Sp-¡nIÄ. A-t¸mÄ h-b-ep-If-se Ip-dn¨pw Ir-jn-¡ 
m-sc Ip-dn¨pw B-cm-Wv A-[ym-]n-I-bv-¡v 
]-d-ªp-X-cp-¶-sX-¶v tNm-Zn-¡p¶p 
hn-i-Zo-Ic-Ww ÂIn-b Ip-«n-sb A-`n--μn-¨ ti-jw 
A-[ym-]n-I a-äp-Ip-«n-I-tfm-Sv C-{]-Im-cw 
tNm-Zn-¡p-¶p. 
FÃm-hcpw I-­n- 
«p-Å h-bepw Ir-jn-¡mcpw 
CXp-t]m-se X-s¶bmtWm? 
n§Ä-¡v ]-cn-Nn-X-aÃm-¯ Ir-jn-co-Xnbpw IÀ-j- 
I-sc-bp-am-Wv mw C-¶p ]-cn-N-b-s¸-Sm³ 
t]m-Ip-¶Xv. C-t´m-t-jy-bn-se _m-en-Zzo-]n-se 
P--§Ä A-¯-c-¯n-ep-Å Ir-jn-co-Xn-bm-Wv ]n-´p- 
S-cp-¶Xv. 
_m-en-bn-se Ir-jn-co-Xnbpw ImÀjn-I k-{¼-Zm-b- 
§fpw hy-à-am-¡p-¶ Zr-iy-§-f-S§n-b kn-Un 
Ip-«n-IÄ H-cp-an-¨v D-s­- 
¶v ]-d-bp¶p 
H-cp-Ip-«n F-g-p-t¶-äv n-¶v hn-h-cn-¡p¶p 
Ip-«n-I-sfÃm-hcpw A-sX F-¶p ]-d-bp¶p 
Ip-«n-IÄ A-[ym]n-I ]-d-bp¶-Xv {i-²-tbm-sS 
tIÄ-¡p¶p
A-[ym]n-I {]-ZÀ-in-¸n-¡p¶p 
{]ZÀ-in-¸n-¨-Xn-p ti-jw _m-en-bn-se Ir-jn-co- 
Xn C-ãamtbm F-¶v tNm-Zn-¡p¶p. 
a-e-bm-f-¯n-se {]-i-kv-Xm-b H-sc-gp-¯p-Im-c³ 
_m-en Zzo-]v k-μÀ-in-¡p-Ibpw A-hn-Sp-s¯ Ir-jn-co- 
Xn-sb Ip-dn-¨v H-cp ]p-kvX-Iw F-gp-Xp- 
Ibpw sN-bv-Xn-«p-­v. 
A-[ym]n-I kq-N--IÄ Â-Ip¶p. 
*k-©m-c-km-ln-Xy-Im-c³ 
*"H-cp-tZ-i-¯n-sâ I-Y" {][m- Ir-Xn 
F-k.vsI.-s]m-sä-¡m-«v(kn_n) 
Ip-«nI-sf A-`n--μn-¨ ti-jw A-[ym]n-I F-kv sI 
s]m-sä-¡m-«n-sâ Nn-{Xw {]-ZÀ-in-¸n-¡p-¶p 
'HmÀ-½-I-fn F-kv sI s]m-sä-¡m-«v ' F-¶ yq-kv 
]m-t¡-Pn-sâ Zriyw A-[ym]n-I em-]v-tSm- 
¸n {]-PÀ-in-¸n-¡p¶p. 
hoUn-tbm-sb B-kv-]-Z-am-¡n A-[ym]n-I eLp- 
Ip-«n-IÄ Iu-Xp-I-t¯m-sS hoUntbm Zr-iy-§Ä B-kz- 
Zn-¡p¶p 
Ip-«n-IÄ _m-en-bn-se Ir-jn-bp-sS B-IÀ-j-Wo-b- 
X hy-à-am-¡p¶p. 
Ip-«n-IÄ ]-c-kv]-cw tm-¡p-Ibpw D¯-cw B-tem- 
Nn-¡p-Ibpw sN-¿p¶p. 
Ip-«n-IÄ F-k.vsI.s]m-sä-¡m-«v F-¶p ]-d-bp¶p. 
Ip-«n-IÄ Iu-Xp-I-]qÀ-Æw Nn{Xw ho-£n-¡p¶p. 
Ip-«n-IÄ hoUntbm {i-²m-]qÀ-Æw ho-£n-¡p¶p.
tNm-Zy-§Ä tNm-Zn-¡p-¶p 
1. F-kv sI s]m-ä-¡m-«n-sâ ap-gp-h³ 
t]-sc-´v? 
2. P-w F-hn-sS-bmWv? 
3. {]-[m--Ir-Xn-I-tf-sXÃmw? 
4. e-`n-¨ ]p-c-kv-Im-c-§Ä G-sXm-s¡? 
5. k-©m-c-km-lnXyw F-¶m-se´v? 
Xp-SÀ-¶v ]mT-`m-K-hp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-«v A- 
[ym]n-I {]-hÀ-¯--§Ä Â-Ip¶p. 
{]-hÀ-¯w 
"_m-en-bn-se Ir-jn-co-Xn Im-e-¯n-v tbm-Pn- 
¡m-¯-Xm-Wv"þ F-¶ hn-j-b-¯n NÀ-¨ kw-L-Sn- 
¸n¡p-¶p. 
NÀ-¨-bv-¡v ap-t¶m-Sn-bm-bn ¢m-kn-s c-­v 
{Kq-¸m-bn Xn-cn-¡p¶p. 
hn-jb-s¯ Ip-dn-¨v {Kq-¸n NÀ-¨ sN-¿p-¶ Im-cy- 
§Ä F-gp-Xn-sh-¡m³ B-h-iy-s¸-Sp¶p 
Ip-«n-IÄ i-cnbm-b D¯-cw Â-Ip¶p. 
Ip-«n-IÄ {Kq-¸m-bn Xn-cn-ªn-cn-¡p¶p
C-cp-{Kq-¸n-sâbpw eo-UÀ-amÀ-¡v hn-j-b-¯n 
A-`n-{]m-bw ]-d-bm³ A-hk-cw Â-Ip¶p 
NÀ-¨-bv-s¡m-Sp-hn FÃm A-`n-{]m-bhpw 
t{Im-Uo-I-cn-¨v A-[ym]n-I A-h-X-cn-¸n-¡p¶p. 
Iq-«n-t¨À-¡-ep-Ifp--w h-cp-¯p¶p 
C-cp-{Kq-¸p-I-sf-bpw -A-`n--μn-¨ ti-jw A- 
[ym]n-I ]p-c-h-temI-w -S-¯p¶p 
]p-c-h-temIw 
]mT-`mK-s¯ B-kv-]-Z-am-¡n hnhn[ tNm-Zy-§Ä 
F-gpXn-b ImÀ-Up-IÄ 
A-[ym]n-I D-bÀ-¯n-¡m-Wn-¡p¶p. Hm-tcm- Ip- 
«nI-sf hn-fn¨p nÀ-¯n D¯-cw ]-d-bm³ B-h-iy-s¸- 
Sp¶p. 
Xp-SÀ-{]-hÀ¯-w Â-In A-[ym]n-I ¢m-kv A-h-km- 
n-¸n-¡p¶p 
Xp-SÀ-{]-hÀ¯w 
F-kv-.sI s]m-sä-¡m-«n-sâ e-Lp-Po-h-N-cn-{X-Ip- 
«n-IÄ NÀ-¨ sN-bv-Xv A-`n-{]m-bw Ip-dn-¨p-sh-¡ 
p¶p 
{Kq-¸v eo-UÀ-amÀ NÀ-¨-bn D-cp-¯n-cn-ª Im-cy- 
§Ä A-h-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶p. 
Ip-«n-IÄ A-[ym]n-I Bi-bw ]-d-bp¶-Xv {i-²- 
tbm-sS tIÄ-¡p-¶p. 
Ip-«n-IÄ i-cn-bm-b D¯-cw Â-Ip¶p.
Ip-dn-¸v X-¿m-dm-¡p-I. 
Ip-«n-IÄ Xp-SÀ-{]-hÀ¯-w F-gp-Xn-sb-Sp- 
¡p¶p

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Innovative lesson urvarathyudea sangeetham-Ramya Vijayan

  • 1. ]pXp-a-bmÀ-¶ ]mTm-kq-{XWw A[ym-]n-I-bp-sS t]-cv: c-ay hn-Pb³ ¢mkv: F-«v kv-IqÄ: hn-F-¨v-F-kvF-kv t^mÀ tKÄkv k-a-bw: 45an-n«v hn-jbw: a-e-bmfw Xo-b-Xn:18.8.2014 GI-Iw:DÀ-h-c-X-bp-sS kw-KoXw D-]-G-IIw: A-cn-{io BapJw ]mTm-]-{KYw Bib]cw Ir-jn H-cp kw-kv-Im-c-am-bn Im-Wm-¯ A-h-Ø F-¶v {]-iv--ta- J-e-bm-Wv F«mw X-c-¯n-se 'DÀ-h-c-X-bp-sS kw-Ko-Xw' F-¶ bq-Wn-än NÀ-¨ sN-¿p-¶Xv. Irjn-tbm-Sp-Å A-h-Ø hÀ-[n-¨p-h- cp-¶ km-l-N-cy-¯n-em-Wv F-kv.sI. s]m-sä-¡m-«n-sâ A-cn- {io F-¶ ]mTw {i-t²-b-am-Ip-¶-Xv. ImÀ-jn-I-kw-kv-Im-c-¯n A-Sn-bpd-¨v hn-iz-kn-¡p-I-bpw Ir-jn H-cp Po-hn-X-hr-¯n-bm- ¡p-Ibpw sNbv-X _m-en-bn-se P-§-sf Ip-dn-¨mWv Cu ]mT-¯n ]-d-bp-¶Xv. Irjn-bm-Wv _m-en-Zzo-]n-se P--§-fp-sS ap-JyPo-hn-X-amÀ¤ w. Ip-¶n³-ap-I-fn à I-em-am-Xr-I-bn sI-«n-bp- ­m¡ n-b km-h-I-fn-em-Wv A-hÀ -Ir-jn sN-¿p-¶Xv. ssI-sIm-­p-
  • 2. kmln-Xy]cw ­m¡ n-b Hu-§³ F-¶ Xp-c-¦-§Ä h-gn-bm-Wv Ir-jn-bn-S-§-fn sh-Åw F-¯n-¡p-¶Xv. kp-_m-¡v F-¶-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶ ImÀjn-I kw-L-S-- bp-sS Io-gn-em-Wv Ir-jn -S-¡p-¶Xv. Hmtcm hÀ-jhpw Ir-jn-¡ p-ap-t¶m-Sn-bm-bn hn-h-n[ B-Nm-c-p-jvTm--§-Ä _m-en- bn -S-¯m-dp-­v. Fkv.sI s]m-sä-¡m-«v: 1913 tIm-gn-t¡m-Sv PnÃ-bn-se tIm-«q-fn- ¸mS-¯v P--w. i-¦-c³-Ip-«n Ip-ªn-cm-a³ s]m-sä-¡m-«v F-¶v ap-gp-h³ t]cv. sN-dp-I-Ym-Ir¯v, k-©m-c-km-ln-Xy-Imc³, tm-h- en-kv-äv, I-hn F-¶o n-e-I-fn {]-i-kv-X³. 1962þ67 Ime-¯v tem-Iv-k-`mw-K-am-bn-cp-¶p. 1982 Hm-K-kv-äv B-dn-v n-cy- X-m-bn. Ir-XnIÄ: hn-j-I-y-I, aq-Sp-]Sw, H-cp-tZ-i-¯n-sâ IY(tm-h-ep- IÄ), ssÂ-U-bdn, Im-¸n-cn-I-fp-sS m-«nÂ, ]m-Xn-cm-kq-cy-sâ m-«nÂ(k-©m-cn-bp-sS km-lnXyw), k-©m-cn-bp-sS Ko- X-§Ä(Ihn-X). Úm--]oT-]p-c-kv-Im-cw t-Sn-bn-«p­v. k-©m-c-km-ln-Xyw: hm-b--¡mÀ-¡v h-f-sc-tb-sd XmÂ-]-cy-ap- Å km-ln-Xy-im-J-bm-Wv k-©m-c-km-ln-Xyw. a-p-jy-sâ A-p`-h-tem-I-hp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-« FÃm L-S-I-§-fpwþ m-Sn-sâ `q-an-im-kv-{X-]-c-hpw N-cn-{X-]-c-hpam-b {]-tXy-I-XIÄ,
  • 3. t_m-[-tm-t±-iy-§Ä A-h-iy-]qÀ-Æ-{]m-]vXn Po-hn-X-coXn, kw-kv-Imcw, km-aq-ln-I-LS-, `-c-W-kw-hn- [m-w F-¶n-h-sbÃmw A-XnÂ-s¸-Spw. `m-h-bpw n-co-£-W- ]m-Shpw k-©m-c-km-ln-Xy-Imc-v A-n-hm-cy-amWv. *F-kv.sI.s]m-sä-¡m-«v F-¶ F-gp-¯p-Im-c-sbpw A-t±-l-¯n-sâ Ir- Xn-Ifpw ]-cn-N-b-s¸-Sp¶p. * k-©m-c-km-ln-Xyim-J ]-cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¶p. *_m-en-Zzo-]n-se ImÀ-jn-I-kw-kv-Im-cw a--kn-em-¡p-¶p *Ir-jn-bp-sS {]m-[myw Xn-cn-¨-dn-bp¶p. *-ã-s¸«p-sIm-­n- cn-¡p-¶ ImÀjn-I kw-kv-Imc-s¯ Xn-cn-¨-dn-bp- ¶p. *NÀ-¨ kw-L-Sn-¸n-¡p¶-Xv F-§-s-sb-¶v a--kn-em-¡p¶p. *F-kv.sI.s]m-sä-¡m-«n-s Ip-dn-¨v tI-«n-«p-­v. *Ir-jn-n-e-§Ä I-­n- «p­v. *Ir-jn D-]-Po-h--amÀ-¤-am-¡n-bh-sc ]-cn-N-b-ap­v. *k-©m-c-km-ln-Xy-Ir-Xn hm-bn-¨n-«p­v. *HmÀ-½-I-fn F-kv sI s]m-sä-¡m-«vþhoUntbm *_m-en-Zzo-]n-se ImÀjn-I kw-kv-Im-cw sh-fn-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶ hn-t m-Z-k©m-c Zr-iy-§Ä *F-kv-sI s]m-sä-¡m-«n-sâ Nn{Xw
  • 4. ]T-tm-]-I-c-W-§Ä ]T-tmÂ-¸-¶-§-Ä *{]-hÀ-¯--ImÀ-UpIÄ NÀ-¨ ]T--{]-hÀ-¯--§Ä {]-Xn-I-c-W§Ä {]m-cw`w X-¶m-s Xm-s X-s X-¶m-w Xm-s.. F-¶ ]m- «v A-[ym]n-I ]m-Sp¶p. Cu ]m-«p tIÄ-¡p-t¼mÄ n-§-fp-sS a--kn F- ´mWv HmÀ-½ h-cp-¶-sX-¶v A-[ym]nI tNm- Zn-¡p¶p Ip-«n-IÄ A-[ym-]nI-sb G-äp-]m-Sp¶p Ip-«n-IÄ h-b-en ]-Wn-sb-Sp-¡p-¶ Ir-jn-¡mÀ F-¶p-]-d-bp¶p
  • 5. hf-sc i-cn-bm-Wv FÃm-hcpw h-b-en Ir-jn sN- ¿p¶-Xv I-­n- «pt­m F-¶v A-[ym]nI tNm-Zn- ¡p¶p an-Sp-¡nIÄ. A-t¸mÄ h-b-ep-If-se Ip-dn¨pw Ir-jn-¡ m-sc Ip-dn¨pw B-cm-Wv A-[ym-]n-I-bv-¡v ]-d-ªp-X-cp-¶-sX-¶v tNm-Zn-¡p¶p hn-i-Zo-Ic-Ww ÂIn-b Ip-«n-sb A-`n--μn-¨ ti-jw A-[ym-]n-I a-äp-Ip-«n-I-tfm-Sv C-{]-Im-cw tNm-Zn-¡p-¶p. FÃm-hcpw I-­n- «p-Å h-bepw Ir-jn-¡mcpw CXp-t]m-se X-s¶bmtWm? n§Ä-¡v ]-cn-Nn-X-aÃm-¯ Ir-jn-co-Xnbpw IÀ-j- I-sc-bp-am-Wv mw C-¶p ]-cn-N-b-s¸-Sm³ t]m-Ip-¶Xv. C-t´m-t-jy-bn-se _m-en-Zzo-]n-se P--§Ä A-¯-c-¯n-ep-Å Ir-jn-co-Xn-bm-Wv ]n-´p- S-cp-¶Xv. _m-en-bn-se Ir-jn-co-Xnbpw ImÀjn-I k-{¼-Zm-b- §fpw hy-à-am-¡p-¶ Zr-iy-§-f-S§n-b kn-Un Ip-«n-IÄ H-cp-an-¨v D-s­- ¶v ]-d-bp¶p H-cp-Ip-«n F-g-p-t¶-äv n-¶v hn-h-cn-¡p¶p Ip-«n-I-sfÃm-hcpw A-sX F-¶p ]-d-bp¶p Ip-«n-IÄ A-[ym]n-I ]-d-bp¶-Xv {i-²-tbm-sS tIÄ-¡p¶p
  • 6. A-[ym]n-I {]-ZÀ-in-¸n-¡p¶p {]ZÀ-in-¸n-¨-Xn-p ti-jw _m-en-bn-se Ir-jn-co- Xn C-ãamtbm F-¶v tNm-Zn-¡p¶p. a-e-bm-f-¯n-se {]-i-kv-Xm-b H-sc-gp-¯p-Im-c³ _m-en Zzo-]v k-μÀ-in-¡p-Ibpw A-hn-Sp-s¯ Ir-jn-co- Xn-sb Ip-dn-¨v H-cp ]p-kvX-Iw F-gp-Xp- Ibpw sN-bv-Xn-«p-­v. A-[ym]n-I kq-N--IÄ Â-Ip¶p. *k-©m-c-km-ln-Xy-Im-c³ *"H-cp-tZ-i-¯n-sâ I-Y" {][m- Ir-Xn F-k.vsI.-s]m-sä-¡m-«v(kn_n) Ip-«nI-sf A-`n--μn-¨ ti-jw A-[ym]n-I F-kv sI s]m-sä-¡m-«n-sâ Nn-{Xw {]-ZÀ-in-¸n-¡p-¶p 'HmÀ-½-I-fn F-kv sI s]m-sä-¡m-«v ' F-¶ yq-kv ]m-t¡-Pn-sâ Zriyw A-[ym]n-I em-]v-tSm- ¸n {]-PÀ-in-¸n-¡p¶p. hoUn-tbm-sb B-kv-]-Z-am-¡n A-[ym]n-I eLp- Ip-«n-IÄ Iu-Xp-I-t¯m-sS hoUntbm Zr-iy-§Ä B-kz- Zn-¡p¶p Ip-«n-IÄ _m-en-bn-se Ir-jn-bp-sS B-IÀ-j-Wo-b- X hy-à-am-¡p¶p. Ip-«n-IÄ ]-c-kv]-cw tm-¡p-Ibpw D¯-cw B-tem- Nn-¡p-Ibpw sN-¿p¶p. Ip-«n-IÄ F-k.vsI.s]m-sä-¡m-«v F-¶p ]-d-bp¶p. Ip-«n-IÄ Iu-Xp-I-]qÀ-Æw Nn{Xw ho-£n-¡p¶p. Ip-«n-IÄ hoUntbm {i-²m-]qÀ-Æw ho-£n-¡p¶p.
  • 7. tNm-Zy-§Ä tNm-Zn-¡p-¶p 1. F-kv sI s]m-ä-¡m-«n-sâ ap-gp-h³ t]-sc-´v? 2. P-w F-hn-sS-bmWv? 3. {]-[m--Ir-Xn-I-tf-sXÃmw? 4. e-`n-¨ ]p-c-kv-Im-c-§Ä G-sXm-s¡? 5. k-©m-c-km-lnXyw F-¶m-se´v? Xp-SÀ-¶v ]mT-`m-K-hp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-«v A- [ym]n-I {]-hÀ-¯--§Ä Â-Ip¶p. {]-hÀ-¯w "_m-en-bn-se Ir-jn-co-Xn Im-e-¯n-v tbm-Pn- ¡m-¯-Xm-Wv"þ F-¶ hn-j-b-¯n NÀ-¨ kw-L-Sn- ¸n¡p-¶p. NÀ-¨-bv-¡v ap-t¶m-Sn-bm-bn ¢m-kn-s c-­v {Kq-¸m-bn Xn-cn-¡p¶p. hn-jb-s¯ Ip-dn-¨v {Kq-¸n NÀ-¨ sN-¿p-¶ Im-cy- §Ä F-gp-Xn-sh-¡m³ B-h-iy-s¸-Sp¶p Ip-«n-IÄ i-cnbm-b D¯-cw Â-Ip¶p. Ip-«n-IÄ {Kq-¸m-bn Xn-cn-ªn-cn-¡p¶p
  • 8. C-cp-{Kq-¸n-sâbpw eo-UÀ-amÀ-¡v hn-j-b-¯n A-`n-{]m-bw ]-d-bm³ A-hk-cw Â-Ip¶p NÀ-¨-bv-s¡m-Sp-hn FÃm A-`n-{]m-bhpw t{Im-Uo-I-cn-¨v A-[ym]n-I A-h-X-cn-¸n-¡p¶p. Iq-«n-t¨À-¡-ep-Ifp--w h-cp-¯p¶p C-cp-{Kq-¸p-I-sf-bpw -A-`n--μn-¨ ti-jw A- [ym]n-I ]p-c-h-temI-w -S-¯p¶p ]p-c-h-temIw ]mT-`mK-s¯ B-kv-]-Z-am-¡n hnhn[ tNm-Zy-§Ä F-gpXn-b ImÀ-Up-IÄ A-[ym]n-I D-bÀ-¯n-¡m-Wn-¡p¶p. Hm-tcm- Ip- «nI-sf hn-fn¨p nÀ-¯n D¯-cw ]-d-bm³ B-h-iy-s¸- Sp¶p. Xp-SÀ-{]-hÀ¯-w Â-In A-[ym]n-I ¢m-kv A-h-km- n-¸n-¡p¶p Xp-SÀ-{]-hÀ¯w F-kv-.sI s]m-sä-¡m-«n-sâ e-Lp-Po-h-N-cn-{X-Ip- «n-IÄ NÀ-¨ sN-bv-Xv A-`n-{]m-bw Ip-dn-¨p-sh-¡ p¶p {Kq-¸v eo-UÀ-amÀ NÀ-¨-bn D-cp-¯n-cn-ª Im-cy- §Ä A-h-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶p. Ip-«n-IÄ A-[ym]n-I Bi-bw ]-d-bp¶-Xv {i-²- tbm-sS tIÄ-¡p-¶p. Ip-«n-IÄ i-cn-bm-b D¯-cw Â-Ip¶p.
  • 9. Ip-dn-¸v X-¿m-dm-¡p-I. Ip-«n-IÄ Xp-SÀ-{]-hÀ¯-w F-gp-Xn-sb-Sp- ¡p¶p