The document discusses current infrastructure development scenarios and challenges in India. It notes that India expects to add 300 million new urban residents by 2050. The government has approved INR480 billion under the 100 Smart Cities Mission and aims to construct 20 million affordable housing units by 2022. It also outlines various other infrastructure projects. Major issues facing the construction industry include time and cost overruns, waste generation, and financing/payment delays. The document explores various project delivery methods, funding sources, and innovations that can help address these challenges.

2. CURRENT
SCENARIO

3. Current scenario
India expects to add 300 million new urban residents by 2050.
Under the 100 Smart Cities Mission, the government has approved INR480.0 billion.
To rehabilitate the slums, construct 20.0 million affordable housing units will be
constructed across the country by 2022.
AMRUT in 500 towns and cities to provide basic infrastructure services such as water
supply, sewerage connection, green spaces, parks and transportation facilities.
Bharatmala: 35,000km highways across 16 states.
Sagarmala: Connecting 12 major ports and 185 minor ports along the entire 7,500km
coastline.
Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC): A six-lane expressway stretching 1,500km
connecting the industrial cities of Delhi and Mumbai

4. Major issues in construction industry
time overrun
cost overrun
construction waste
27.49%
75.00%
Building construction
projects
Infrastructure projects
Projects with time overrun
727 projects
782 projects
1-261 months delay

5. Major issues in construction industry
time overrun
cost overrun
construction waste
projects with cost overrun
projects without cost overrun
57%43%

6. Major issues in construction industry
FINANCING & PAYMENT ISSUES
ADDITIONAL WORK/EXTRA ITEMS
POOR CONSTRUCTION MGMT.
DELAY IN PLANNED ACTIVITY
o Delay in the settlement of contractor
claims by the owner
o Financial difficulties
o Delay in payment for extra
work/variations by owner
o Late payment to subcontractor or
suppliers
cost overruntime overrun &

7. Major issues in construction industry
FINANCING & PAYMENT ISSUES
ADDITIONAL WORK/EXTRA ITEMS
POOR CONSTRUCTION MGMT.
DELAY IN PLANNED ACTIVITY
o Lack of co-ordination between client
& contractor
o Scope change
o Ambiguous or incomplete tender
document
o Quality issues / mistakes
o Fraudulent practices
cost overruntime overrun &

8. Major issues in construction industry
FINANCING & PAYMENT ISSUES
ADDITIONAL WORK/EXTRA ITEMS
POOR CONSTRUCTION MGMT.
DELAY IN PLANNED ACTIVITY
o Infrequent quality assessment.
o Unavailability of modern machineries
& equipment.
o Unavailability of skilled labour.
o Improper coordination between client
& contractor.
o Lack of proper planning technologies
o Incompetent organizational
structure.
cost overruntime overrun &

9. Major issues in construction industry
FINANCING & PAYMENT ISSUES
ADDITIONAL WORK/EXTRA ITEMS
POOR CONSTRUCTION MGMT.
DELAY IN PLANNED ACTIVITY
o Scope change by client
o Design changes by client during
construction
o Unavailability of machineries &
equipment
o Delay in revising and approving
design documents by owner
o Shortage of labours
o Incompetent client
cost overruntime overrun &

10. Major issues in construction industry
45.6
48
67
270
12.8
14.7
22.1
110.7
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
1997
2001
2011
2021
2031
2041
2047
Construction waste Solid waste
time overrun
cost overrun
construction waste
million tonnes/year

11. Major issues in construction industry
construction waste
Construction industry is responsible
for 25-40% of the carbon emissions
on a global scale
30-40% of the total MSW is
generated by construction industry.
o Frequent Design Changes
o Poor Quality Of Materials
o Scope & design change
o Poor Planning
o Poor Site Management

12. Remedies Use of appropriate modern technologies
Modern materials which reduce waste
Proper planning & scheduling
Through proper collaboration between
contractor & client
Labour training program
Frequent quality assessment

14. Project Delivery Methods
• A system used for organizing and financing design, construction, operations, and
maintenance services for a structure or facility by entering into legal agreements with one or
more entities or parties. There are two key variables which account for the bulk of the
variation between delivery methods
• The extent of the integration of the various service providers.
• The extent to which the owner is directly financing the project
• DBB,DB,DBOM,BOT,PPP
In India the model which has
been used is DBB and now the trends
are shifting towards EPC,PPP DB .

15. Horizontal axis - the degree to which the design,
construction, and long term operations and maintenance
of an infrastructure facility are segmented into multiple
contracts or combined in a single contract.
Vertical axis- the degree to which funds to pay for capital
and operating cost are direct or indirect.
Project Delivery Methods
• Can impact allocation of risk, caps and liabilities
under the contract
• Can impact remedies available to Owner for default,
particularly Owner’s ability to obtain access to the
design documents required to complete the project
• Impacts contingencies and contract price

16. • Internal Self-Finance:
• Equity, Debentures and Bonds:
• Public Deposits:
• Loans from Banks:
• The Managing Agency System:
• Indigenous Bankers:
• Development Finance Institutions:
• Foreign Capital:
Project Funding

17. Advantages and Disadvantages
• Single point responsibility
• Opportunity for innovation and faster project
delivery
• Efficiency (design & construction expertise
together)
• Fitness for purpose
• No real alternative for proprietary technology
• Fewer changes and implementation simplified
• reduction of claims
• Increased flexibility Reduced administrative
burden for owner
• Cost savings and more certainty of final price
• Improved risk management for owner
• Greater ability to evaluate contractors on factors
other than cost
• Loss of control and reduced owner
involvement in design
• Cost of tendering (to all parties)
• Difficulty/time comparing different designs
• Cost of risks and contingencies
• Danger of Design-Build becoming Build-
Design
• Environmental/regulatory processes
• Limited pool of qualified Design-Builders
• QA/QC largely in contractor’s hands
• Disputes tend to be larger and more complex
• Management of long term risks
• Some lack of project definition prior to
contract award
• Consequences of default more drastic than for
D-B-B

19. Innovation in Project Management
Using new management techniques
1. Building information and Modelling (BIM): BIM involves all project stakeholders working collaboratively
on a detailed 3D model that includes all the functional systems of a building, such as heating, ventilation and
air conditioning (HVAC) and electrical installations, as well as the aesthetics of walls, windows, and roofs.
Because BIM is a collaborative process from beginning to end, it allows all parties working on a project to
visualize and analyze design decisions, and pinpoint interferences and other errors, before work begins on
site.
2. Agile methodology: Agile is an iterative, team-based approach to development. This
approach emphasizes the rapid delivery of an application in complete functional
components. Rather than creating tasks and schedules, all time is “time-boxed” into phases
called “sprints.” Each sprint has a defined duration (usually in weeks) with a running list of
deliverables, planned at the start of the sprint.

21. Innovation in Quality Management
Various methods:
1. Six Sigma
2. TQM – Total Quality Management
3. Deming cycle (PDCA)
4. DMAIC
5. EFQM Excellence Model
6. Kaizen
7. Lean
8. Poka yoke
9. Quality circles
Various tools:
1. Procore
2. Finalcad
3. Build7
4. Field wire

22. Innovation in Quality Management
Six Sigma Management:
Six Sigma is a complex method of management and, like Lean it is known more as a philosophy that the
organization (enterprise) must take. It is focused on continuous improvement (innovation) of the organizational by
understanding customer needs, using the process analysis and methods standardization in the measurement. It is
a comprehensive, flexible management system that is based on understanding customer needs and expectations,
on disciplined use of information and data to management and decision making.
Total Quality management:
TQM is a very complex management method that puts emphasis on the quality management in all dimensions of
the organizational life. It goes beyond quality management and it is also a method of strategic management and it
is a management philosophy for all of the organization activities. It is process oriented rather than result oriented
prioritizing quality, flexibility and services rather than cost and technical efficiency.

24. Use of Innovative Materials in Construction Industry can
help to -
 Increase Productivity of work
 Increase Performance & Durability of the Structure
 Increase Quality of work
 Reduce the Time
 Make the Building Environment Friendly
Use of Innovative Materials

25. There are some Innovative Materials which aren’t
using frequently in Indian Construction Industry
but use of those materials can enhance the
efficiency of the Projects .
Some of the Materials are like-
 Insulated Concrete
 Topmix Permeable Concrete
 MMFx Bars
 Bendable Concrete
Innovative Materials

26. INSULATED CONCRETE
 Stackable foam-concrete sandwich blocks, reinforced with
steel bars and filled with concrete.
 provide an excellent sound and heat insulation.
 Minimize the environmental impact of the building
TOPMIX PERMEABLE CONCRETE
 It has a high void content of 20-35%
 Allows surface water to drain through and dissipate
naturally.
 It is capable of letting through around 36,000 mm
of water/hour.
Innovative Materials

27. MMFx MICROCOMPOSITE BARS
 Corrosion Resistant
 Over 100-year Service Life
 Quantity Saving – 18 to 20% w.r.t. Fe500.
BENDABLE CONCRETE
 Also known as “Engineered cementitious composite”
(ECC).
 High Durability w.r.t. Conventional Concrete.
 It consumes 40% less energy as compared to conventional
concrete.
 Has an expected service life of 100 years.
Use of Innovative Materials

29. Innovation in Time, Cost and Quality
Time Reducing Technology
Cost Reducing Technology
Communication Technology
Innovative Technology have brought improvement in
Construction projects as follows:
• Save time
• Reducing cost
• Increase quality
• Reduce risk
• Increase Productivity
• Tracking the project progress
Productivity increasing Technology

30. Time Reducing Technology
1. Model Printing Technology or Brick Laying tech.
• Reduce Construction time
• Reduce material wastage
• Improve Worker Security
• Improve Work Quality
• Control the Delaying of the Projects.
2. Prefabrication technology
• Use for the fast construction
• Time reducing technology
• Use for high quality construction
• Highly engineering used in this construction
Use:
• All innovative technology reduced construction time.
• improved construction quality

31. Cost Reducing Technology
3. Slip Form Construction
• Use for the vertical pouring of concrete
• Continuous moving form Work
• Reducing time to stacking of Scaffolding while working
on construction site.
• Use for Tall structures ( Such as Bridges, Towers, Buildings
and Dams) as well as horizontal structures ( Such as
Roadways)
4. Self climbing or Crane Climbing Form work
• Special type of form work for the vertical Concrete.
• This type formwork use high rise story building more than
5 Story.
• The formwork move after the concrete set.
Use:
• Reducing time of shuttering and DE shuttering.
• Cost Reducing techniques of Scaffolding
• Single Time Capital Cost Investment.

33. Mechanization in Construction
• To reduce the amount of heavy manual work,
• Large output can be maintained if there is shortage of labour and manpower.
• to decrease the complexity of the projects involving high grade materials.
• Use of better equipment eliminates human error and thus ensure the superior quality of
work consistency.
• Optimum use of material, man and finance.
• Speedy construction avoid time and cost over-runs
• To control on the duration and cost implications by using mechanized equipment over
• The Conventional method, which can be used in the planning of construction project.

34. Mechanization in Construction
1. Telescopic handler
• Machine use for the multipurpose (Loading, Digging, Material
handling etc.)
• Machine is use only high scale projects only.
• Better heaping and very efficient in stacking of material storage.
• Reducing material carriage and handling time.
• Maximum productivity and economy through constant innovation
2. Screed Paving Machine
• Employed with screeding and leveling
• Use for high scale project, like airport, industrial flooring and road
paving
• Reducing time 400 Percentage than manual work
• Improved better quality of working floor
• Perfect in leveling, better quality production
• The machine is laser guided, automatic control system.
• Less manual effort
• Reduce labour cost
• Production high strength. Dense durable floor

35. Mechanization in Construction
3. Universal Plastering Machine
• Machine use for spray plastering on the interior as well as exterior
wall of the building.
• Provide best quality of finishing and Time Reducing.
• Saving more than 20% raw material (Cement & Sand)
• Reducing construction time
• It is very safe in construction sites.
• 330 sqm. Plastering done in one day
4. Wall Groove Chasing Machine
• Machine is used for brick and Block wall grove cut (chase) in vertical
surface.
• These machines can be used widely in the construction industry.
• Perfect use in flat plane
• It saving time than the manual work.
• Increasing productivity in wall chasing.

37. Innovation in Health and Safety
ConstructConnect
ISO BS8800
NBC Facility management
Safety is free from risk and danger.
Accidents is defined as an unexpected event resulting in damage.
Hazards is an unsafe condition or activity, which lead to accident.
Typology:
Chemical Hazards Physical Hazards
Biological Hazards Ergonomic Hazards
Cost of Acidents:
Direct cost
Indirect cost
Impact:
---Time----Budget----Accident statistics----Absenteeism---Low morale
Available Standards:

38. Innovation in Health and Safety
Designing for Construction Safety(DfCS): Application of Prevention through Design concepts to
construction worker safety.
Conceptual Design
Detailed Engineering
Procurement
Construction
Start-up
Ability to
Influence
Safety
Project Schedule
Construction Hazard Assessment and Implication Review
(CHAIR) process:
Commence
Construction
Begin
Concept
Design
CHAIR-2
CHAIR-3
Project Phase
CHAIR-1
Review of Concept
Design
Review of
Detailed
Design
Training and Safety Alert System:
• All worker attend training courses for:
Construction site safety
Designing inherently safe buildings
• Safety Alert System (SAS):
Safety reviews during document preparation
Safety symbols placed on drawings at locations
of potential hazards
Design
Kickoff Design
Internal
Review
Issue for
Construction
External
Review
Trade contractor
involvement
• QA/QC
• Cross-
discipline
• review
• Focused safety
review
• Owner review

40. • India's infrastructure is in critical need -We need sustained growth trajectory
and unleash the potential of human capital.
• Infrastructure financing lags way behind what's necessary to sustain growth
• Major Risks industry is facing-Delay in Land Acquisition Delay in Licenses,
Permits and Consents; Suspension of the Works, Variations
• Finance Document Default-
Sponsor Support ?
Lender Step-In ?
• Contractor Default
Parent Company Guarantee
Performance Bank Guarantee
Advance Payment Bond?
• Change in Law
• Force Majeure
Risks and Challenges

41. The Need of the Hour
• For India to sustain medium to long-term economic growth, the project financing market
has to grow at substantially higher levels
• Government would need to explore ways of keeping the sector moving.
• Government has made some progress on key issuesmixed reactions to Land Acquisition
Bill
RERA &GST- Consumer sentiment is finding its way back; ensures transparency
and efficiency in the market and safeguards the rights of home buyer
• Private sector developers and lenders need to be assured that the bottlenecks to project
implementation are adequately addressed by government and the recycling of capital
locked up in distressed projects is demonstrably achievable in a relatively short time-
frame.
• Well-structured projects require an understanding of the nuances of what can go wrong
over the term of the concession and the consequences that flow from that.
• Risks that are known can be mitigated, or at the very least, be taken after factoring them
into the commercials of the project.

42. . Reduction of regulatory uncertainty and delays
• Appropriate Structuring of projects –
• Developing financing mechanisms to suit the sector’s needs
• Efficient project management (from bid to execution)
Ultimately, how the parties to the project deal with the possibility of paralysis and the
speed that it can be resolved determine the likely successful outcome of any project.
The Need of the Hour

43. THANK YOU