Tungsten Inert Gas Welding (TIG) is relatively high strength welding technique. This technique are mostly used in fabrication and other industries to join the either similar or dissimilar materials. In particular, it can be used to join high-quality strength of metal and alloys.In this paper we discuss abouttheTungsten Inert Gas welding of joining heat treatableof stainless steel and mild steel.These welded joints have higher tensile strength to weight ratio and finer micro structure. Tungsten Inert Gas Weldingofdissimilar material such as stainless steel and mild steel have the potential to hold good mechanical and metallurgical properties.
Prediction of Weld Quality of A Tungsten Inertr Gas Welded Mild Steel Pipe Jo...IJERA Editor
The weld quality of tungsten inert gas (TIG) welded joint has been investigated to identify the most economical weld parameters that will bring about optimum properties. Response surface methodology has been used in the optimization of the tungsten inert gas weld of mild steel pipes. Response surface methodology, based on the central composite face centered design was generated for the purpose of optimization of the weld quality.All the process parameters have desirability of 1. Tensile strength response for this solution have a desirability of 0.910595 and the yield strength of 0.59. Result showed that minimizing current and voltage an average tensile strength of 535.452MPa and yield strength of up to 408.74MPa can be achieved, while keeping gas flow rate and electrode diameter within the range of test. It was also deduced that tensile elongation of the TIG weld is not influenced by the process parameters selected for the purpose of this study.
Study the Effect of Welding Parameters during TIG Welding of Aluminum Plate a...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Aluminium has very unique properties of light
weight and corrosion resistance and due to this it becomes
very interesting metal in the field of engineering. Mainly this
paper deals with effect and optimization of certain range of
values of process parameters during TIG welding of
aluminium alloy 7075.
In the first cycle of experiment the effect of values
(in wide range) of gas flow rate and welding current during
TIG welding of Aluminium alloy 7075 has been found out on
its mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength and
hardness. Visual inspection and dye penetrate test also has
been performed for every sample of welding.
From the results for ultimate tensile strength obtained in first
cycle of experiment, a try has been made to optimize process
parameters in second cycle of experiment by narrowing the
range of values of gas flow rate and welding current. Finally
the near optimal values of gas flow rate and welding current
has been found to get maximum UTS.
Optimization of tungsten inert gas welding on 6063 aluminum alloy on taguchi ...RSIS International
In this paper, the Taguchi method is used for the
Optimization of Tungsten Inert Gas Welding on 6063
Aluminum Alloy. The Taguchi method L27 is used to
optimize the pulsed TIG welding process parameters of 6063
aluminum alloy weldments for maximizing the mechanical
properties. Analysis of Variance is used to find the impact of
individual factors. Then the optimal parameters of the TIG
welding process is determined and the experimental results
illustrate the proposed approach.
Qualityand productivity play important role in today’s manufacturing market. Now a
day’s due to very stiff and cut throat competitive market condition in manufacturing industries. The
main objective of industries reveals with producing better quality product at minimum cost and increase
productivity. Welding is the most vital and common operation use for joining of two similar and
dissimilar parts.In the present research paper an attempt is made to understand various welding
techniques and to find the best welding technique for steel. Special focuses have been put on TIG and
MIG welding. On hardness testing machine and UTM various characteristics such as strength,
hardness, modulus of rigidity, ductility, breaking point, % elongation etc. at constant voltage were
analyzed.
Prediction of Weld Quality of A Tungsten Inertr Gas Welded Mild Steel Pipe Jo...IJERA Editor
The weld quality of tungsten inert gas (TIG) welded joint has been investigated to identify the most economical weld parameters that will bring about optimum properties. Response surface methodology has been used in the optimization of the tungsten inert gas weld of mild steel pipes. Response surface methodology, based on the central composite face centered design was generated for the purpose of optimization of the weld quality.All the process parameters have desirability of 1. Tensile strength response for this solution have a desirability of 0.910595 and the yield strength of 0.59. Result showed that minimizing current and voltage an average tensile strength of 535.452MPa and yield strength of up to 408.74MPa can be achieved, while keeping gas flow rate and electrode diameter within the range of test. It was also deduced that tensile elongation of the TIG weld is not influenced by the process parameters selected for the purpose of this study.
Study the Effect of Welding Parameters during TIG Welding of Aluminum Plate a...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Aluminium has very unique properties of light
weight and corrosion resistance and due to this it becomes
very interesting metal in the field of engineering. Mainly this
paper deals with effect and optimization of certain range of
values of process parameters during TIG welding of
aluminium alloy 7075.
In the first cycle of experiment the effect of values
(in wide range) of gas flow rate and welding current during
TIG welding of Aluminium alloy 7075 has been found out on
its mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength and
hardness. Visual inspection and dye penetrate test also has
been performed for every sample of welding.
From the results for ultimate tensile strength obtained in first
cycle of experiment, a try has been made to optimize process
parameters in second cycle of experiment by narrowing the
range of values of gas flow rate and welding current. Finally
the near optimal values of gas flow rate and welding current
has been found to get maximum UTS.
Optimization of tungsten inert gas welding on 6063 aluminum alloy on taguchi ...RSIS International
In this paper, the Taguchi method is used for the
Optimization of Tungsten Inert Gas Welding on 6063
Aluminum Alloy. The Taguchi method L27 is used to
optimize the pulsed TIG welding process parameters of 6063
aluminum alloy weldments for maximizing the mechanical
properties. Analysis of Variance is used to find the impact of
individual factors. Then the optimal parameters of the TIG
welding process is determined and the experimental results
illustrate the proposed approach.
Qualityand productivity play important role in today’s manufacturing market. Now a
day’s due to very stiff and cut throat competitive market condition in manufacturing industries. The
main objective of industries reveals with producing better quality product at minimum cost and increase
productivity. Welding is the most vital and common operation use for joining of two similar and
dissimilar parts.In the present research paper an attempt is made to understand various welding
techniques and to find the best welding technique for steel. Special focuses have been put on TIG and
MIG welding. On hardness testing machine and UTM various characteristics such as strength,
hardness, modulus of rigidity, ductility, breaking point, % elongation etc. at constant voltage were
analyzed.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Parametric Optimization on MIG Welded EN8 Material Joints by using Taguchi Me...ijsrd.com
Welding is a manufacturing process, which is carried out for joining of metals. By MIG Welding it is possible to weld in all positions. Optimization of the parameter will be carried out by Taguchi method. We will use EN-8 material which is more use in Automobile parts. EN8 plate with dimensions 250mm x 125mm x 6mm with V- Groove 650.Where the input parameters are welding current, Wire feed and gas flow rate and output parameters are tensile strength and Hardness.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Studies on jet penetration and kerf width at various operating pressure in ma...eSAT Journals
Abstract Abrasive Water Jet (AWJ) machining is one of the non-traditional machining method popular method for machining of hard, heat sensitive and brittle materials. The present work attempts to investigate the effect of operating pressure on depth of penetration and kerf characteristics generated while machining of D2 heat treated steel. It is found that increase in operating pressure increases the depth of penetration and decreases the surface taper on the work-piece. Keywords: Kerf width, Depth of cut, Operating pressure, AWJ Machining
The main purpose of this research is to study the optimal process parameters for thermal friction drilling process on AISI 304 stainless steel. The experiments were conducted based on Taguchi experimental design method, and the multiple performance characteristics correlated with the resultant axial force, radial force, hole diameter dimensional error, roundness error, and bushing length, were investigated by fuzzy logic technique. The significant process parameters that most intensively affected the multiple performance characteristics and the optimal combination levels of process parameters were determined through the analysis of variance and the response graph. A test rig was manufactured at Shoman Company ‒ Egypt to perform the experimental work, and the tools were offered by Flowdrill Company ‒ Germany. Experimental results confirm that this approach is simple, effective and efficient for simultaneous optimization of multiple quality characteristics in thermal friction drilling process, as the bushing length produced is more than five times the workpiece thickness.
Parametric optimization of metal inert gas welding by using taguchi approacheSAT Journals
Abstract
The present work deals with optimization of welding process variables by using Metal inert gas welding. In this process input
variables are voltage (V), current (A) and welding speed(S) with tensile properties, hardness, and penetration as responses of low
carbon steel (ASTM A29). The design of experiments based on Taguchi orthogonal array [L9], acquires Analysis of variance
(ANOVA) to determine the influence of parameters with the optimal condition.
Keywords: MIG Welding, Mild Steel, Taguchi Approach, Hardness, Tensile Strength.
A Review: Parametric effect on mechanical properties and weld bead geometry o...IOSR Journals
Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) is high quality and high precision welding process which are
suitable for welding thin metals. Inert gas as helium and argon are used as a shielding gas to prevent the weld
bead from air, dust and other contaminations in welding. There are so many welding process parameter affect
the weld quality in GTAW. Important process parameter which mainly affect the weld quality are welding
current, arc voltage, welding speed, gas flow rate, heat input, gun angle, stand of distance and specimen
thickness. Important quality parameters in GTAW process are depth of penetration and weld bead geometry.
Depth of penetration and weld bead width both are affected by welding speed. As welding speed increases,
depth of penetration increases but weld bead width decreases. The weld joint quality can be assessed in terms of
weld bead geometry, mechanical properties and distortion. Post weld heat treatment is done to improve the
weld quality by solutioning and aging which results in refinement of grain size and thus, mechanical properties
of weld joint improved. Heat input effects the filler rod deposition rate in the form of droplets in weld bead. This
paper covers review of process parameters of GTAW and their effect on weld quality.
Effect of process parameters using friction stir processing /welding of steel...Husain Mehdi
Microstructural changes and flow of material have be comprehensively studied by many researchers. A lot of studies have been conducted by changing the process parameters such as axial load, feed, speed of the tool, tool geometry, tool tilt angle etc. to find the optimum process parameters. Friction stir welding can be applied on various materials such as aluminum, manganese, copper. Till date majority of the research and development was done on aluminum alloys. This is so because Al alloys are easy to deform at relatively low temperatures (approximately below 550 Celsius). Also, they are easier to weld as compared to other materials. But these days a lot of studies are being conducted on carrying out friction stir processing on steel. This process improves mechanical properties like tensile strength, ductility, micro-hardness etc.
Optimization of Weld Bead Parameters of Nickel Based Overlay Deposited by Pla...IJERA Editor
Plasma Transferred Arc surfacing is a kind of Plasma Transferred Arc Welding process. Plasma Transferred Arc surfacing (PTA) is increasingly used in applications where enhancement of wear, corrosion and heat resistance of materials surface is required. The shape of weld bead geometry affected by the PTA Welding process parameters is an indication of the quality of the weld. In this paper the analysis and optimization of weld bead parameters, during deposition of a Nickel based alloy Colmonoy on stainless steel plate by plasma transferred arc surfacing, are made and values of process parameters to produce optimal weld bead geometry are estimated. The experiments are conducted based on a five input process parameters and mathematical models are developed using multiple regression technique. The direct effects of input process parameters on weld bead geometry are discussed using graphs. Finally, optimization of the weld bead parameters, that is minimization of penetration and maximization of reinforcement and weld bead width, are made with a view to economize the input process parameters to achieve the desirable welding joint.
Study and Experimental Modelling of Welding Parameters on Hardness of Hot Air...IJSRD
The present work has been carried out to study the effect of some input parameters on the desired responses in the Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) plastic welding by hot air technique. The effect of hot air temperature, welding speed and air flow rate has been evaluated on the Hardness of the welded joints. These responses have been analysed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and experimental modeling. Plots of significant factors and experimental modeling have been used to determine the best fit relationship between the responses and the model parameters using MINITAB 17. This has been used to determine the most influencing parameter.
Parametric study of surface roughness in turning of az31 b mg alloy under dif...Imran Sarker
A study comprising of different surface roughness parameters of AZ31B Mg alloy was done in this experiment successfully. The study was done by turning AZ31B Mg alloy under varied feed, depth and cooling condition i.e., dry, conventional flood, MQL. Different amount of surface roughness was measured by the service of a roughness tester. The collected data from the turning operation were used to analyze and get desirable results on behalf of low surface roughness. The analysis was done by means of Taguchi method and the following results were shown:
The experimentation shows that, the cutting speed has insignificant impact on the studied surface roughness parameters.
Feed rate has significant influence over the surface roughness parameters. It expressed itself as the most dominant control factor to determine a better surface roughness parameter.
Depth of cut has insignificant influence over the surface roughness parameter and it has less effect on the roughness parameters compared to feed rate.
In cutting condition, MQL emerged as the major cooling condition compared to other two conditions which are dry and flood condition.
The future study can be conducted on the investigation of tool wear and chip morphology in turning of Mg AZ31B alloy under dry, flood and MQL conditions.
Investigation of Effect of Process Parameters on Maximum Temperature during F...IJSRD
In case of friction stir welding, the maximum temperature along the weld line within appropriate range at tool workpiece interface is responsible for quality of welded joint. Through this paper, an attempt is made to establish a relationship between the input process parameters and the maximum temperature along the weld line during friction stir welding of aluminium alloy AA-7075. The design of pre-experimental simulation has been performed in accordance with full factorial technique. The simulation of friction stir welding has been performed by varying input parameters, tool rotational speed and welding speed. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to investigate the effect of input parameters on maximum temperature during friction stir welding. A correlation was established between input parameters and maximum temperature by multiple regression lines. This study indicates that the tool rotational speed is the main input parameter that has high statistical influence on maximum temperature along the weld line during friction stir welding of aluminium alloy AA-7075.
COMPARISON OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF COLDWORK AND HOT WORK TOOL STEELS IN HARD ...ijmech
The hard turning process has been attracting interest in different industrial sectors for finishing operations
of hard materials at its hardened state.Surface roughness is investigated in hard turning of AISI D3 and
AISI H13 steels of same hardness 62HRC. In this paper, an attempt has been made to model and predict
the surface roughness in hard turning of AISI D3 and AISI H13 hardened steels using Response Surface
Methodology (RSM). The combined effects of three machining parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate
and depth of cut are investigated for main performance characteristic that is surface roughness. RSM
based Central Composite Design (CCD) is applied as an experimental design. Al2O3/TiC mixed ceramic
tool with corner radius 0.8 mm is employed to accomplish 20 tests with six center points. The acceptability
of the developed models is checked using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).The combined effects of cutting
speed; feed rate and depth of cut are investigated using surface plots.
The Effect of Nima Yushij’s “Afsaneh (Myth)” Verse Collection on Modern Lyric...IJERA Editor
Ali Esfandyari whose penname is Nima Yushij has created a significant change in Persian poetry by composing
poetry and propounding his literary theories., in such a way that all of the contemporary poetic trends and all of
the famous poets in this area are among his followers, imitators, or the poets whom are influenced by Nima’s
poetry and theories.
Modern lyric poetry is considered as one of the important trends of the contemporary poetry the emergence and
propagation of which is indebted to Nima’s Afsaneh Verse Collection.
Afsaneh does not deny all of the components of classic poetry, but corrects or completes some of its aspects.
The poet’s change of attitude and view about being and love, employing dramatic elements and novel words, as
well as exploiting natural elements for expressing internal and mental moods of characters are among the most
important components to which the new lyric poets paid attention. In the present study, the characteristics of
Afsaneh, the effective aspects of this collection on modern lyric poetry and the components of this trend have
been studied.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Parametric Optimization on MIG Welded EN8 Material Joints by using Taguchi Me...ijsrd.com
Welding is a manufacturing process, which is carried out for joining of metals. By MIG Welding it is possible to weld in all positions. Optimization of the parameter will be carried out by Taguchi method. We will use EN-8 material which is more use in Automobile parts. EN8 plate with dimensions 250mm x 125mm x 6mm with V- Groove 650.Where the input parameters are welding current, Wire feed and gas flow rate and output parameters are tensile strength and Hardness.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Studies on jet penetration and kerf width at various operating pressure in ma...eSAT Journals
Abstract Abrasive Water Jet (AWJ) machining is one of the non-traditional machining method popular method for machining of hard, heat sensitive and brittle materials. The present work attempts to investigate the effect of operating pressure on depth of penetration and kerf characteristics generated while machining of D2 heat treated steel. It is found that increase in operating pressure increases the depth of penetration and decreases the surface taper on the work-piece. Keywords: Kerf width, Depth of cut, Operating pressure, AWJ Machining
The main purpose of this research is to study the optimal process parameters for thermal friction drilling process on AISI 304 stainless steel. The experiments were conducted based on Taguchi experimental design method, and the multiple performance characteristics correlated with the resultant axial force, radial force, hole diameter dimensional error, roundness error, and bushing length, were investigated by fuzzy logic technique. The significant process parameters that most intensively affected the multiple performance characteristics and the optimal combination levels of process parameters were determined through the analysis of variance and the response graph. A test rig was manufactured at Shoman Company ‒ Egypt to perform the experimental work, and the tools were offered by Flowdrill Company ‒ Germany. Experimental results confirm that this approach is simple, effective and efficient for simultaneous optimization of multiple quality characteristics in thermal friction drilling process, as the bushing length produced is more than five times the workpiece thickness.
Parametric optimization of metal inert gas welding by using taguchi approacheSAT Journals
Abstract
The present work deals with optimization of welding process variables by using Metal inert gas welding. In this process input
variables are voltage (V), current (A) and welding speed(S) with tensile properties, hardness, and penetration as responses of low
carbon steel (ASTM A29). The design of experiments based on Taguchi orthogonal array [L9], acquires Analysis of variance
(ANOVA) to determine the influence of parameters with the optimal condition.
Keywords: MIG Welding, Mild Steel, Taguchi Approach, Hardness, Tensile Strength.
A Review: Parametric effect on mechanical properties and weld bead geometry o...IOSR Journals
Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) is high quality and high precision welding process which are
suitable for welding thin metals. Inert gas as helium and argon are used as a shielding gas to prevent the weld
bead from air, dust and other contaminations in welding. There are so many welding process parameter affect
the weld quality in GTAW. Important process parameter which mainly affect the weld quality are welding
current, arc voltage, welding speed, gas flow rate, heat input, gun angle, stand of distance and specimen
thickness. Important quality parameters in GTAW process are depth of penetration and weld bead geometry.
Depth of penetration and weld bead width both are affected by welding speed. As welding speed increases,
depth of penetration increases but weld bead width decreases. The weld joint quality can be assessed in terms of
weld bead geometry, mechanical properties and distortion. Post weld heat treatment is done to improve the
weld quality by solutioning and aging which results in refinement of grain size and thus, mechanical properties
of weld joint improved. Heat input effects the filler rod deposition rate in the form of droplets in weld bead. This
paper covers review of process parameters of GTAW and their effect on weld quality.
Effect of process parameters using friction stir processing /welding of steel...Husain Mehdi
Microstructural changes and flow of material have be comprehensively studied by many researchers. A lot of studies have been conducted by changing the process parameters such as axial load, feed, speed of the tool, tool geometry, tool tilt angle etc. to find the optimum process parameters. Friction stir welding can be applied on various materials such as aluminum, manganese, copper. Till date majority of the research and development was done on aluminum alloys. This is so because Al alloys are easy to deform at relatively low temperatures (approximately below 550 Celsius). Also, they are easier to weld as compared to other materials. But these days a lot of studies are being conducted on carrying out friction stir processing on steel. This process improves mechanical properties like tensile strength, ductility, micro-hardness etc.
Optimization of Weld Bead Parameters of Nickel Based Overlay Deposited by Pla...IJERA Editor
Plasma Transferred Arc surfacing is a kind of Plasma Transferred Arc Welding process. Plasma Transferred Arc surfacing (PTA) is increasingly used in applications where enhancement of wear, corrosion and heat resistance of materials surface is required. The shape of weld bead geometry affected by the PTA Welding process parameters is an indication of the quality of the weld. In this paper the analysis and optimization of weld bead parameters, during deposition of a Nickel based alloy Colmonoy on stainless steel plate by plasma transferred arc surfacing, are made and values of process parameters to produce optimal weld bead geometry are estimated. The experiments are conducted based on a five input process parameters and mathematical models are developed using multiple regression technique. The direct effects of input process parameters on weld bead geometry are discussed using graphs. Finally, optimization of the weld bead parameters, that is minimization of penetration and maximization of reinforcement and weld bead width, are made with a view to economize the input process parameters to achieve the desirable welding joint.
Study and Experimental Modelling of Welding Parameters on Hardness of Hot Air...IJSRD
The present work has been carried out to study the effect of some input parameters on the desired responses in the Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) plastic welding by hot air technique. The effect of hot air temperature, welding speed and air flow rate has been evaluated on the Hardness of the welded joints. These responses have been analysed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and experimental modeling. Plots of significant factors and experimental modeling have been used to determine the best fit relationship between the responses and the model parameters using MINITAB 17. This has been used to determine the most influencing parameter.
Parametric study of surface roughness in turning of az31 b mg alloy under dif...Imran Sarker
A study comprising of different surface roughness parameters of AZ31B Mg alloy was done in this experiment successfully. The study was done by turning AZ31B Mg alloy under varied feed, depth and cooling condition i.e., dry, conventional flood, MQL. Different amount of surface roughness was measured by the service of a roughness tester. The collected data from the turning operation were used to analyze and get desirable results on behalf of low surface roughness. The analysis was done by means of Taguchi method and the following results were shown:
The experimentation shows that, the cutting speed has insignificant impact on the studied surface roughness parameters.
Feed rate has significant influence over the surface roughness parameters. It expressed itself as the most dominant control factor to determine a better surface roughness parameter.
Depth of cut has insignificant influence over the surface roughness parameter and it has less effect on the roughness parameters compared to feed rate.
In cutting condition, MQL emerged as the major cooling condition compared to other two conditions which are dry and flood condition.
The future study can be conducted on the investigation of tool wear and chip morphology in turning of Mg AZ31B alloy under dry, flood and MQL conditions.
Investigation of Effect of Process Parameters on Maximum Temperature during F...IJSRD
In case of friction stir welding, the maximum temperature along the weld line within appropriate range at tool workpiece interface is responsible for quality of welded joint. Through this paper, an attempt is made to establish a relationship between the input process parameters and the maximum temperature along the weld line during friction stir welding of aluminium alloy AA-7075. The design of pre-experimental simulation has been performed in accordance with full factorial technique. The simulation of friction stir welding has been performed by varying input parameters, tool rotational speed and welding speed. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to investigate the effect of input parameters on maximum temperature during friction stir welding. A correlation was established between input parameters and maximum temperature by multiple regression lines. This study indicates that the tool rotational speed is the main input parameter that has high statistical influence on maximum temperature along the weld line during friction stir welding of aluminium alloy AA-7075.
COMPARISON OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF COLDWORK AND HOT WORK TOOL STEELS IN HARD ...ijmech
The hard turning process has been attracting interest in different industrial sectors for finishing operations
of hard materials at its hardened state.Surface roughness is investigated in hard turning of AISI D3 and
AISI H13 steels of same hardness 62HRC. In this paper, an attempt has been made to model and predict
the surface roughness in hard turning of AISI D3 and AISI H13 hardened steels using Response Surface
Methodology (RSM). The combined effects of three machining parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate
and depth of cut are investigated for main performance characteristic that is surface roughness. RSM
based Central Composite Design (CCD) is applied as an experimental design. Al2O3/TiC mixed ceramic
tool with corner radius 0.8 mm is employed to accomplish 20 tests with six center points. The acceptability
of the developed models is checked using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).The combined effects of cutting
speed; feed rate and depth of cut are investigated using surface plots.
The Effect of Nima Yushij’s “Afsaneh (Myth)” Verse Collection on Modern Lyric...IJERA Editor
Ali Esfandyari whose penname is Nima Yushij has created a significant change in Persian poetry by composing
poetry and propounding his literary theories., in such a way that all of the contemporary poetic trends and all of
the famous poets in this area are among his followers, imitators, or the poets whom are influenced by Nima’s
poetry and theories.
Modern lyric poetry is considered as one of the important trends of the contemporary poetry the emergence and
propagation of which is indebted to Nima’s Afsaneh Verse Collection.
Afsaneh does not deny all of the components of classic poetry, but corrects or completes some of its aspects.
The poet’s change of attitude and view about being and love, employing dramatic elements and novel words, as
well as exploiting natural elements for expressing internal and mental moods of characters are among the most
important components to which the new lyric poets paid attention. In the present study, the characteristics of
Afsaneh, the effective aspects of this collection on modern lyric poetry and the components of this trend have
been studied.
A Stochastic Model of Reliability for Bivariate Gamma Distributions with the ...IJERA Editor
The theoretical study for the effect of stress on ACTH levels of individuals with a family history of alcoholism
may present a dysfunction in the activity of the HPA axis is investigated. The stress strength model describes the
life of a component which has a random strength Y and is subjected to a random stress X. R =Pr (X Y) is a
measure of the component reliability is used to find the levels of ACTH, Cortisol and -endorphin.
Robust Strategies of GIS and Geospatial Data mining techniques for drinking g...IJERA Editor
Dependency factors of drought in Maharashtra state of drinking water are groundwater resources, for rural, Urban and Agriculture commercial zone .this situation exploits the development and progress of groundwater management study. No doubt the climate has a vital role in it. So Researcher and decision maker have a new topic of study and research with increasing product of Geospatial data and different temporal of characteristics, geometrics, and Geospatial information systems. And it has been capabilities to control and handle a case like diverse range of geospatial data with varieties of skills. One of the major aspect and issues in geospatial data management is to explore the ratio and future trends of the data and which is smoothly possible with the GIS and Geospatial Data mining techniques and that is being brought into our consideration to discussed and to write this paper on this issue and for this we introduced geospatial data mining applications in drinking ground water quality Management, At last about the abundance of industrial Zones in state of Maharashtra, of India and their effects on water quality in this region, correlation between industrial pollutions and water quality indicators through geospatial data mining has been modeled as a case study at Jalna District Maharashtra.
Comparison of Windows and Linux Operating Systems in Advanced FeaturesIJERA Editor
Comparison between the Microsoft Windows and Linux computer operating systems is a long-running
discussion topic within the personal computer industry .This technical paper is mainly going to focus on the
differences between windows and linux in all fields. Both Windows and Linux Operating systems have their
own advantages and differ in functionalities and user friendliness. Linux and Microsoft Windows differ in
philosophy, cost, versatility and stability, with each seeking to improve in their perceived weaker areas. This
paper is mainly going to focus on the advanced features that are uniquely present in one operating system and
not in other one.
The Analysis of Romanticism Traces in Akhavan Sales Poetry, Focusing on his P...IJERA Editor
Winter is one of the most famous poems composed by Akhavan Saless and is one of the best samples of the contemporary poetry. This poem composed in Dec. 1955 was published in Winter verse collection. The general atmosphere of the poem reflects feeling of defeat, disappointment and frustration overwhelming the Iranian community post-coup d‟état, Aug. 1919, 53, through a metaphoric and symbolic expression. In the present research paper, the romantic aspects of winter have been studied and the romanticism has been traced in this poem through employing the components and features of Winter such as naturalism, metaphorizing, disappointment and pessimism. To achieve this objective firstly, we present a definition and general perspective of Romanticism; then, we trace the grounds for reflecting romanticism in Akhavan‟s poetry so that we find the reflection of romanticism in his Winter.
Data Back-Up and Recovery Techniques for Cloud Server Using Seed Block AlgorithmIJERA Editor
In cloud computing, data generated in electronic form are large in amount. To maintain this data efficiently, there is a necessity of data recovery services. To cater this, we propose a smart remote data backup algorithm, Seed Block Algorithm. The objective of proposed algorithm is twofold; first it help the users to collect information from any remote location in the absence of network connectivity and second to recover the files in case of the file deletion or if the cloud gets destroyed due to any reason. The time related issues are also being solved by proposed seed block algorithm such that it will take minimum time for the recovery process. Proposed seed block algorithm also focuses on the security concept for the back-up files stored at remote server, without using any of the existing encryption techniques.
Investigative Compression Of Lossy Images By Enactment Of Lattice Vector Quan...IJERA Editor
In the digital era we live in, efficient representation of data generated by a discrete source and its reliable transmission are unquestionable need. In this work we have focused on source coding taking image as source. Lattice Vector Quantization (LVQ) can be used for source coding as well as for channel coding. (LVQ) with Generator Matrix (GM) and codebook is implemented. When implementation using codebook is done, two codebooks are constructed, one with 256 lattice points that are closest to (0,0,0,0) and another with 256 lattice points that are closest to (1,0,0,0). Energy for both the codes is calculated. When we compare the energy of both the codes we find that codes centered at a non lattice point is lower energy code.
Optimization of the Building Energy Performance through Dynamic Modeling, Sys...IJERA Editor
The annual energy consumption in the residential and commercial sectors, in India is rising consistently at about 8% and the overall energy consumption in buildings has seen an increase from a low of 14% in the 1970s to nearly 33% in 2004/05. The electricity sector in India had an installed capacity of 254.049 GW as of end of September 2014. The research paper will deal with the modeling and optimization of the building energy performance by means of the application of the dynamic building simulation, the optimization of the energy systems and the verification of the energy consumptions and comfort conditions. An integrated tool is at an early stage of development to optimize the building energy performance to be expressed in terms of total energy use. The goal of the research paper is to optimize the building energy performance through the potential of the passive building technologies and the increase of efficiency of the building system.
A Broadcasting Scheme for Message Dissemination in VANETIJERA Editor
Vehicular Ad hoc Networks [VANET] is one of the fastest emerging technologies for research as there are many issues and challenges to be addressed by the researchers before the technology becomes commercialized. Vehicular communication systems developed largely by the growing interest in intelligent transportation systems [ITS]. Cooperative driving can improve safety and efficiency by enabling vehicles to exchange emergency messages to each other in the neighborhood and to assist driver in making proper decision to avoid vehicle collisions and congestion. Broadcast transmission is usually used for disseminating safety related information among vehicles. Message Broadcast over wireless networks poses many challenges due to link unreliability, hidden terminal, message redundancy, and broadcast storm, etc., which greatly degrade the network performance. In most of the emergency situations, there is less time to make a handshake with other nodes in the networks, as the emergency message is to be delivered fast and efficient. Broadcasting information is usually very costly and without limiting techniques this will result in serious data redundancy, contention and collisions. This work focuses on Broadcasting Scheme for Message Dissemination.
The paper reports an implementation of Single System Image Server Cluster (SSISC). The Servers have been configured with same MAC and IP addresses and are connected through a two layer switch. Implementation has been done by modifying iptables and recompiling the linux kernel. This implementation has been tested for performance using WebStone. WebStone is a highly- configurable client-server benchmark for HTTP servers. This implementation removes a possibility of single point failure of web cluster. The implementation automatically detects newly added and failed server and hence reliable. The test indicates that requests are distributed to servers in the cluster, depends on the policy of distribution.
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At present scenario, INCONEL alloy 625 becomes widely used material in aero industry due to its High
tensile, creep, and rupture strength, outstanding fatigue and thermal-fatigue strength, oxidation resistance, and
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for v-butt joint using solid works. This model is imported in the FEA software (ANSYS) to carry out the transient
thermal analysis. The analysis is carried out with different combinations of welding parameters such as voltage,
current, velocity, speed and melting efficiency. From the analysis result, the temperature distribution at various
locations around the weld bead is evaluated. From structural analysis result, the distortion of work piece due to the
thermal effect is analysed.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding in which the arc is formed between a pointed tungsten electrode and the work piece in an inert atmosphere of argon or helium but the activated TIG welding is that in which oxides of fluxes are used on work piece also called A-TIG. Current and voltage can have profound effect on the material in terms of strength and hardness. This research aims at the study of using conventional TIG (tungsten inert gas) and activated TIG welding process to investigate the effect of different levels of factors (current, voltage, gas flow rate, electrode diameter) on the mechanical properties of the mild steel using mixture of MgO and CaO flux. Mild steel specimens were used during the experimentation. The results of conventional TIG have been compared with the activated TIG welding. The method of design expert is used to carry out the experimentation. Moreover it is observed that there is decrease in hardness of weld but the quality of weld is increased as compared to conventional TIG welding.
URL: http://ijtir.hctl.org/A-Study-of-Mechanical-Properties-on-Tig-Welding-at-Different-Parameters-with-and-without-use-of-Flux.html
A review on techniques for optimizing process parameters for TIG Welding Alum...ijsrd.com
Tungsten inert gas welding is one of the widely used techniques for joining ferrous and non-ferrous metals. TIG welding offers several advantages like joining of dissimilar metals, low heat affected zone, absence of slag etc. Gas tungsten arc welding, GTAW, uses a non consumable electrode to produce the weld. Weld area is protected from atmospheric contamination by a shielding gas (usually inert gas such as argon) and a filler material is normally used. The weld pool is easily controlled such that unbaked root passes can be made, the arc is stable at very low welding currents enabling thin components to be welded and the process produces very good quality weld metal, although highly skilled welders are required for the best results. The welding parameters are selected by operator based on experience or from a handbook. However, this does not ensure that the selected welding process parameters can produce the optimal or near optimal weld pool geometry for that particular welding machine and environment. The aim of this paper is to review the techniques of optimizing process parameters of TIG welding process.
Optimization of Process Parameters on Tig Welding to Enhance Mechanical Prope...ijtsrd
Tungsten Inert Gas TIG welding is widely used for weld the thin metal. Alloying metal is also welded by this process. Appearance and quality TIG weld is very superior as compare to other welding process. Melting the work piece and filler rod result in formation of smoke and gases. Helium and Argon are non reactive gases by this property it is used as a shielding gas. Most commonly mixture of Argon and Helium are favored to use for enhanced welding quality because they do not react with each other .Argon and Helium gases protect the welding area from outer environment and helps to maintain a stable arc due to low ionization potential. Aluminum is light in weight and for excellent performance it is used in aerospace industry, aviation, marine industry, automobile, defence and others. TIG welding parameters such as welding current, gas flow rate and welding voltage are taken into account which influences the tensile strength, Hardness and Toughness of aluminum weld joint. Welding parameters are controlled with electronic control units. AC power supply is prefer to used for aluminium as compare to DC power supply because of its low melting point aluminium melt at low temperature Ravinder Kumar | Dr. Dinesh Kumar ""Optimization of Process Parameters on Tig Welding to Enhance Mechanical Properties of AA-6351 T6 Alloy"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23831.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23831/optimization-of-process-parameters-on-tig-welding-to-enhance-mechanical-properties-of-aa-6351-t6-alloy/ravinder-kumar
Parametric optimisation of pulsed – tig welding process in butt joining of 30...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Investigation on Mechanical Properties of TIG Welded Joint and its Efficiencyijtsrd
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Feasibility Study for In-Process Monitoring of Gas Tungsten Arc WeldingIJERD Editor
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A review on TIG welding for optimizing process parameters on dissimilar joints
1. Prashant Kumar Singh et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 5, Issue 2, ( Part -5) February 2015, pp.125-128
www.ijera.com 125 | P a g e
A review on TIG welding for optimizing process parameters on
dissimilar joints
*Prashant Kumar Singh, **Pankaj Kumar, ***Baljeet Singh, ****Rahul Kumar
Singh
*(M.Tech Scholar, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India)
** (Assistant Prof., Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India)
*** (Assistant Prof., Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab,
India)
**** (Assistant Prof., Dept. of Chemical Engineering, FET RBS College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India)
ABSTRACT
Tungsten Inert Gas Welding (TIG) is relatively high strength welding technique. This technique are mostly used
in fabrication and other industries to join the either similar or dissimilar materials. In particular, it can be used to
join high-quality strength of metal and alloys.In this paper we discuss abouttheTungsten Inert Gas welding of
joining heat treatableof stainless steel and mild steel.These welded joints have higher tensile strength to weight
ratio and finer micro structure. Tungsten Inert Gas Weldingofdissimilar material such as stainless steel and mild
steel have the potential to hold good mechanical and metallurgical properties.
Keywords-TIG, stainless steel and mild steel, tensile properties, hardness, microstructure.
I. INTRODUCTION
Welding is a joining process usually metals or
alloy by causing coalescence. In which process
coalescence of materials is produced by heating them
to recrystallization temperatures with or without use
of pressure and with or without the use of filler
material. Welding is used for permanent joints of
metals. TIG welding is a part of welding process and
it can be wildly used in modern industries for joining
either similar or dissimilar materials. Tungsten inert
gas (TIG) welding is also called the gas tungsten arc
welding (GTAW). TIG welding advantages like
joining of similar and dissimilar metals at very high
quality weld, low heat affected zone, absence of slag
etc. Gas tungsten arc welding wildly uses a non-
consumable tungsten electrode to produce the weld
because it created a very high temperature to weld the
metals. Weld zone is protected by a shielding gas
(usually inert gas such as argon) from atmospheric air
or gases and a filler material is normally used for fill
the gap of metal [1]
.
Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding suffers from
the following disadvantages: (a) low productivity; (b)
relative Shallow penetration; and (c) the high
sensitivity of the surface condition and chemical
composition of the base metal [2]
. Dissimilar metal
welding is frequently used to join stainless steels to
other metal of mild steel. This approach is most often
used where a transition in mechanical properties
and/or performance in service are required [3]
.
Fig. 1: Diagram of TIG welding plates
The materials used for dissimilar welding were
SS-304 and MS-1018, nominally 3 mm in thickness.
The chemical compositions of SS-304 and MS-1018
alloy are shown in Tables 1 and 2, respectively.
Table 1. Chemical compositions of SS-304
% C Mn S P Si Ni Cr Cu
304 .087 9.0 .009 .055 .23 1.050 15.45 1.64
Table 2. Chemical compositions of MS-1018
% Fe C Mn S P
1018 98.97 0.17 0.68 0.051 0.040
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
2. Prashant Kumar Singh et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 5, Issue 2, ( Part -5) February 2015, pp.125-128
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Before welding, the samples were prepared and
welding can be done. Transverse cross-sections were
observed by optical microscopy (OM). The
specimens for optical microscopy were cut
perpendicular to the welding direction using an
electrical discharge machine. The Vickers hardness
profile of the weld was measured on the cross-section
perpendicular to the welding direction [4]
.The tensile
strength are performed on universal testing machine
(UTM).
Fig. 2: Schematic diagram of TIG welding process [1]
II. PROCESS PARAMETERS
Although TIG welding gives high quality welds,
proper execution of the process and control of a
number of parameters is required for a successful
outcome. Recent experimental works can be provided
insight into how process parameters influence
material flow in TIG welding process. Most of the
material flow occurs through the retreating side and
the transport of material beings forms the welded
joint. Process parameters, such as Welding speed,
Gas flow rate, Welding current acting on the working
material during welding and the heat input during the
process, are found to exert significant effects on the
material and the temperature distribution by
implication these factors inevitably influence the
micro structural evolution and mechanical properties
of the materials being joined [5]
.
III. LITERATURE REVIEW
Kohyama et.al [6]
studied he Microstructural
changes in welded joints of 316 SS by dual-ion
irradiation was analyzed in this study. They welded
the specimens at three different parameters Current,
Voltage, Flow Rate. They used the welding specimen
have dimensions 500Lx 300w x 15t and finally
conclusion of Microstructure evolution in welded
joints is emphasized to be very sensitive to He/dpa
ratio, especially in HAZ. Thus, mechanical and
corrosion property changes m welded joints under
fusion environment, should be very carefully
evaluated. And the I-butt welding of 15 mm thickness
plate, may produce the least swelling resistant zone m
the HAZ.
Ahmet Durgutlu [7]
studied the experimental
investigation of the effect of hydrogen in argon as a
shielding gas on TIG welding of ss material by
changing the parameters Shielding gas 1.5%H2–Ar
and 5%H2–Ar and pure Argon. Tensile strength and
Penetration on plate specimen have dimensions 200L
x 80w x 4 mm. They find the shielding gas of
1.5%H2–Ar the sample welded highest tensile
strength was obtained. And it can be observed that
increasing hydrogen content in the shielding gas
reduces the mechanical properties.
P. Liu et.al [8]
worked on microstructure
characteristics in TIG welded joint of Mg/Al
dissimilar materials using the welding plate
specification of 100Lx40Wx3thk mm on parameters
of welding velocity, wire feed velocity. And they find
out the Microstructure, Hardness and Fracture and
conclusion of there is an obvious fusion zone
between the Mg substrate and weld metal. The
structure close to the weld metal is columnar crystals,
which grow into the weld metal. The Mg substrate
close to the fusion zone was largely affected by the
welding thermal cycle, and the crystals were small.
The weld metal was mainly composed of dendrite
crystal.
M. Ahmad et.al.[9]
Analyzed the microstructure
and characterization of phases in TIG welded joints
of Zircaloy-4 and ss 304L on the plate specimen on 2
x 1 x 0.3 cm.Input process parameter range of voltage
30–60 V, current 12–15 and Gas flow rate 15 l/min
using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. They
finally find Zr(Cr, Fe)2 intermetallic compound and
Zr2Fe–Zr2Ni eutectic phases have been observed in
the molten zone of the TIG welded joints of the
Zircaloy-4 and stainless steel 304L. The density of
Zr(Cr, Fe) is about twice as compared to Zr2Fe–
Zr2Ni eutectic phase. Hardness of the Zr (Cr, Fe)2
intermetallic compound is about three times higher
eutectic phase. Density of Zr (Cr, Fe)2 intermetallic
compound is low on the side of Zircaloy-4 as
compared to SS 304L.compared to Zr2Fe–Zr2Ni.
B.Y. Kang et.al[10]
study the effect of alternate
supply of shielding gases in austenite stainless steel
GTA Welding on the material of Stainless Steel 304
by used the specimen of 200L x 100w x 12 thk weld
and apply the both Conventional and Alternate
method. The input parameter of Shielding gas,
welding ampere (A) and welding voltage (V). The
result of under similar welding conditions, the
alternate method with Ar and He compared with the
conventional methods of Ar and Ar + 67% He
produced the lowest degree of welding distortion.
Compared with the conventional method of Ar +
3. Prashant Kumar Singh et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
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www.ijera.com 127 | P a g e
67% He, the alternate method with Ar and He under
similar welding conditions showed similar welding
speed without largely deteriorating the weld shape.
The alternate method with Ar and He presented the
possibility of solving the problem of the increase in
gas cost and welding distortion with the use of He in
stainless steel welding.
S. P. Gadewar et.al [11]
analyzed of the
experimental investigations of weld characteristics
for a single pass tig welding with SS304 using the
specimen of 100L x 25w x (1or 2 or 3) thickness of
welding plate. They used the input parameters of
Welding current (15-180 Amp), Shielding Gas Flow
(1-18 LPM), Work Piece thickness (1-3mm) and
apply the Regression analysis technique. And the
final result of it is observed that as thickness of the
work piece increases the Front width and Back width
value across the weld also increases.
Rui-Hua Zhang et.al [12]
study of the mechanism
of penetration increase in A-TIG welding used the
stainless steel materials plate which specimen are
150Lx 40w x 10 t and 300L x 40w x 20 t mm. They
used the input parameters which are flux- Al2O3, Fe2
O3, SiO2, Cr2O3, TiO2, MnO, and B2O3 to find the
result of penetration simulation by the PHOENICS
software. The final result of that experiments are Arc
construction and increase in voltage can cause the
width of the weld to become narrower but have little
effect on penetration. Stronger inward fluid flow
patterns leading to weld beads with narrower width
and deeper penetration could be apparently identified
in the case of A-TIG welding.
C. Balaji et.al [13]
have studied on evaluation of
mechanical properties of SS 316 L weldments using
tungsten inert gas welding. They consider the
stainless steel 316 L rod specimen which have
dimensions of 25 mm diameter and 75 mm length.
They changed the input parameters range which are
current (90,100,110 amp) bevel angle (60, 70, 800
)
gas volume (1.1, 0.9, 0.7 lpm) uses the Taguchi L-9
orthogonal array technique and they find the result
are The tensile test has showed that the Current of
110A, Bevel Angle of 600 and a gas flow of 0.7 lpm
offers the maximum tensile strength. The tensile test
has also showed that the Current of 100A, Bevel
Angle of 600 and a gas flow of 0.9 LPM offers the
minimum tensile strength. The micro hardness has
showed that the sample with the minimal tensile
strength has the maximum micro hardness, which
concludes that, the increase in micro hardness results
in the decrease of the tensile strength.
Dheeraj Singh et. al[14]
studied on parametric
optimization of TIG process parameters using
Taguchi and Grey Taguchi analysis. They used the
Stainless Steel 304 grade plate which dimensions are
1.2 t x 250 l x 30 w and changed the process
parameters which are Current (40-85A), Gas flow
rate (5-20 lit./ min), Welding speed (8-14m/min) and
Gun angle (500
-800
). And they applied the Taguchi
method L16 orthogonal array for optimization the
result. Finally they find results which are If the
optimal setting for steel with a current 40 A, gas flow
rate 5 ltr/min, welding speed 12 m/min and gun angle
800, for stainless steel, the final work piece give the
Tensile load (294.1Mpa), Area of penetration (13.05
mm2), penetration (2.215 mm) maximum Bead width
(5.22 mm) and Bead height (0.055 mm) are
minimum.
Cheng-HsienKuo et.al [15]
studied on the effect of
activated TIG flux on performance of dissimilar
welds between mild steel and stainless steel and they
used the dissimilar plate which have the dimensions
of 100l x 50w x 6 t and they use the Austenitic
stainless steel (SUS 316L) and hot-roll mild steel (JIS
G3131) for weld. They changed the process
parameters which are different flux CaO, Fe2O3,
Cr2O3, and SiO2. Finally they find the conclusion of
the surface appearance of TIG welds produced with
oxide flux tended to form residual slag. The SiO2
powder can give the greatest improvement in joint
penetration and also a satisfactory surface appearance
of G3131 mild steel to 316L stainless steel dissimilar
welds. TIG welding with SiO2 powder can increase
weld depth-to-width ratio, which indicates a high
degree of energy concentration during welding
process, and tends to reduce angular distortion of the
weldment. Furthermore, the defects susceptibility of
the welds can also be reduced.
IV. CONCLUDING REMARKS
From above literature review it is indicated that
1. Gas Tungsten Arc Welding process parameters
Welding Speed, Welding Voltage, Welding
Current, Gas flow rate, Electrode diameter,
Distance between tig torch and work-piece etc.
are important control on welding materials.
2. TIG welding parameters are affect the weld
strength in terms of weld bead geometry and
mechanical strength.
3. Microstructure characteristic will be studied at
different zones and investigated how the material
will be affected by the temperature distribution
during TIG welding compare to the Base
material.
4. Hardness will be calculated at various different
zone.
V. SUMMARY AND FUTURE WORK
In this above review article, microstructure and
material properties are specific issues. TIG weld
strength is optimized by weld bead geometry. A
width to penetration ratio means a narrow or thin
plate weld. This can also provide a high quality of the
weld.
The stainless steel and mild steel are challenging to
weld due to their high thermal conductivity in weld
4. Prashant Kumar Singh et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 5, Issue 2, ( Part -5) February 2015, pp.125-128
www.ijera.com 128 | P a g e
pool. Hence it is proposed to go for TIG welding of
dissimilar weld. It is proposed to perform the process
parameter optimization work for Gas Tungsten Arc
welding. The Design of Experiment (DOE) shall be
done by Taguchi Method.
Taguchi Method can be used to conduct the
experiments because its implementation are simple.
TIG welding parameters welding current, welding
speed, current and gas flow rate are selected for
controlling the process. Welded joints specimen shall
be tested by a Universal Testing Machine and
elongation shall also be calculated. From the basis of
experiments result to develop the mathematical
models and evaluate the various process parameters
effect on tensile strength of material.
REFERENCES
[1] Parthiv T. Trivedi, Ashwin P. Bhabhor, A
review on techniques for optimizing process
parameters for TIG Welding
Aluminium,International Journal for
Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 1,
Issue 9, 2013, ISSN (online): 2321-0613.
[2] Vikesh,Jagjit Randhawa, N. M. Suri, Effect
of a-tig welding process parameters on
penetration in mild steel plates,International
Journal of Mechanical and Industrial
Engineering (IJMIE), 2013, ISSN No. 2231
–6477, Vol-3, Iss-2.
[3] Sanjay G. Nayee, Vishvesh J. Badheka,
Effect of oxide-based fluxes on mechanical
and metallurgical properties of Dissimilar
Activating Flux Assisted-Tungsten Inert Gas
Welds, Journal of Manufacturing Processes
16 , 2014, pp-137–143.
[4] Liming Liu, Xujing Liu and Shunhua Liu,
Microstructure of laser-TIG hybrid welds of
dissimilar Mg alloy and Al alloy with Ce as
interlayer, ScriptaMaterialia, 55, 2006, pp-
383–386.
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