Influence of inorganic nutrient, organic nutrient and bio-fertilizer on growth, yield and quality of cumin black (Nigella sativa L.) in eastern Himalayan region of West Bengal
Abstract
The cumin black (var. Rajendra Shyama) was cultivated on field under treatments including three nutrient sources i.e., inorganic fertilizer, farmyard manure and bio-fertilizer Azophos. Inorganic fertilizers were applied in three levels viz., no fertilizer (C0), 75% of recommended dose (C1) and 100% of recommended dose (C2); farm yard manure (FYM) and Azophos was applied in two levels viz., with (F1) and without (F0) FYM; with (B1) and without (B0) bio-fertilizer. The results showed that C2 recorded maximum plant height (52.37 cm), leaf chlorophyll (12.37 SPAD), seed per capsule (89.62) and yield per plant (2.06 g). F1 showed positive influence resulting higher values for plant height (49.38 cm), yield per plant (1.95 g) and seed oil content (32.07 mg/g). B1 showed higher leaf chlorophyll (12.56 SPAD), seed per capsule (88.72), yield per plant (1.67g), and oil content (32.27 mg/g) over control treatments. The highest seed oil content was recorded when F1 was used in combination with C2, which was 15.22% higher over C2 alone.
Keywords: cumin black, bio-fertilizer, nutrient source, yield
Response of Nutrient Management Practices through Organic Substances on Rice ...AI Publications
The management of soil organic matter is crucial to maintain a productive organic farming system. No one source of nutrient usually fulfills to maintain productivity and quality control in organic system. In addition, the inputs to supplement nutrient availability are often not uniform presenting additional challenges in meeting the nutrient requirements of crops in organic system. With this concept, a field experiment was conducted at the research farm of ASPEE Agricultural Research and Development Foundation, Tansa Farm, at Nare, Taluka Wada, Dist. Palghar, Maharashtra, during Kharif 2018-19 in rice. Different treatments comprising organic amendments such as T1-FYM @ 5 t/ha (control), T2-T1 + vermicompost @2.5 t/ha, T3-T1+Neem cake @ 250 kg, T4- T1+ vermiwash @ 3% spray, T5-T1+ Jeevamrut @ 3 % spray, T6-T1+ Panchgavya @ 3 % Spray, T7-T1+ Enriched Bananpseudostem sap @ 3% spray and T8-T1+ Regular Banana sap @ 3% spray were tried in organic crop production. These treatments were compared with absolute control (FYM @ 5 t/ha + No biofertilizer+ No Spray). A Rice variety ‘GR-11’ was taken for study. Results revealed a significant enhancement in grain yield of rice over absolute control due to the application of different organic amendments applied alone or in combinations. The rice grain yield (3.19 t ha-1) obtained under combined application of FYM and vermicompost was at par with the yield recorded under neem cake, vermiwash and panchgavya. An interesting observation recorded was that there was no serious attack of any insects pest or disease in organically grown crop. The study revealed that addition of four organic amendments viz. vermicompost, vermiwash, neem cake&panchgavyacould give the optimum yield of organic rice var. GR-11.
The document summarizes a study on insecticide use and farmers' perceptions of cabbage cultivation in nine districts of Karnataka, India. It finds that 33 different insecticides are used in cabbage farming in the region, with 58% not approved for cabbage. Organophosphates are most commonly used, making up 26% of insecticides. The number of insecticide sprays ranges from 6-16 per season depending on the district. Farmers generally use insecticides at higher than recommended dosages. The study exposes issues with overuse, misuse and abuse of pesticides among cabbage farmers in Karnataka.
biochemical study of aril browning in pomegranateNidhi Singh
This study investigated the biochemical changes in pomegranate fruit affected by aril browning (AB), a physiological disorder. AB affected arils had higher total sugars, reducing sugars, total soluble solids, and starch compared to healthy arils. AB affected seeds had lower protein content and enzyme activities (amylase, total dehydrogenase) than healthy seeds. Polyphenol oxidase activity was higher in AB affected seeds. Total phenols and anthocyanins decreased with increasing AB intensity. The study suggests AB is a complex process involving increased polyphenol oxidase activity and decreased amylase and dehydrogenase activities in affected tissues. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms leading to AB development.
This document summarizes a study on the effects of different types and application timings of organic fertilizers on the growth and yield of sweet corn. The study tested 4 types of organic fertilizers (cow's compost, Tithonia diversifolia, cow's compost with EM-4, and Tithonia diversifolia with EM-4) applied at 4 different timings (planting time, 1 week before, 2 weeks before, 3 weeks before). Results showed that cow's compost and cow's compost with EM-4 increased dry weight, crop growth rate, and chlorophyll more than Tithonia diversifolia. Application timing did not significantly affect variables. The study suggests that cow's comp
A field experiment was conducted during 2013-14 and 2014-15 to study the effect of planting methods, intercropping and integrated weed management practices on yield of turmeric. Two planting methods of turmeric viz., paired row of 80/20 cm and paired row 70/30 cm; two intercrops viz., baby corn and greengram and three weed management practices viz., non-chemical i.e. mulching followed by four hand weeding at 35, 65, 95 and 140 days after planting (DAP), pre-emergence application of metribuzin @ 500 g ha-1 followed by five hand weeding at 35, 65, 95, 140 and 185 DAP and pre-emergence application of oxadiargyl @ 90 g ha-1 followed by five hand weeding at 35, 65, 95, 140 and 185 DAP along with one weedy check (control) were evaluated. Turmeric planting in paired row 70/30 cm and intercropping greengram in between paired rows with non-chemical weed management practice by mulching followed by four hand weeding at 35, 65, 95 and 140 DAP (M2I2W2) proved superior in most of the attributes studied, followed by paired row 70/30 cm and intercropping baby corn with non-chemical weed management practice by mulching followed by four hand weeding at 35, 65, 95 and 140 DAP (M2I1W2).
Comparative economic analysis of organic and inorganic wheatsanaullah noonari
The production of wheat crop for the year 2012-13 is estimated to be 24.2 million tons against last year’s
production of 23.4 million tons. The major reasons for this enhanced production were increase in support price
from Rs.1050 to Rs.1200 per 40 Kg which encouraged improved seed usage and fertilizers. There was also better
weather and comparatively more water available from the reservoirs. The target for wheat production for 2013-
14 has been fixed at 25.0 million tons. The fertilizer has raised the expenses of the inorganic farmers, which are
not, used in organic farming. Cash cost in case of organic and inorganic farming is Rs. 23053.00 and 25846.00
respectively. The non-cash cost of organic and inorganic are Rs.19389.65 and 18815.10 respectively. Total cost
is the combination of cash and non-cash costs that is Rs.42442.65 and 44661.00 in organic and inorganic
farming. Gross margin (GM) is obtained by subtracting the cash cost from the gross value of product. GM is
Rs.33142.65 and 36182.00 in organic and inorganic farming system. Net income is obtained by subtracting the
total cost from the gross value of product. It is Rs.13752.35 and Rs.17367.00 in organic and inorganic farming,
respectively showing a difference of Rs.2615.35. The analysis shows that low net income in organic farming
than the inorganic farming is due to the low yield and high labor cost in organic system. Secondly health and
environmental costs are not included in the analysis, because in the study site farmers are unaware of these costs.
Keywords: Wheat, organic, Inorganic, support price, environmental costs, Pakistan
Effect of Paddy Straw Based Integrated Nutrient Management Practices for Sust...iosrjce
The field experiments on Integrated Nutrient Management in rice were carried out ( Kharif
2010,2011 and 2012 and summer 2011 and 2012) in red loamy soil at Agricultural and Horticultural Research
Station, Kathalagere, Channagiri taluk, Davanagere district of Karnataka, India to develop suitable integrated
nutrient management practices for rice using organic and inorganic sources of nutrients through integration of
paddy straw treated with combination of cow dung slurry @ 5% + Trichoderma harizianum @5 kg ha-1 +
Pleurotus sajor caju @ 5 kg ha-1
.The organic sources of nutrients used in the present study were FYM (Farm
yard manure), paddy straw and Gliricidia sipium. The results of the present investigation clearly indicated that
the supply of recommended dose of NPK with FYM or paddy straw treated with cow dung slurry @ 5% + T.
harizianum @5 kg ha-1 + P. sajor caju @ 5 kg ha-1
or Gliricidia yielded significantly positive response in
increasing yield attributes like grain and straw yield in rice. The pooled experimental data of five season
experimentation confirmed the results for sustainability of rice productivity
Comparative study of chemical fungicides for the management of citrus gummosi...AI Publications
Field experiment was conducted at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mehsana, Gujarat to test the efficacy of various chemical treatments for the control of gummosis (Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica) of Citrus during the year 2017-2019. Ten -year-old acid lime (Kagzi lime) trees were treated with Bordeaux paste and fosetyl Al. Bordeaux paste application and fosetyl Al significantly reduced gummosis incidence. It can be concluded that for effective control of gummosis, citrus trees may be treated with Bordeaux paste on the main trunk or foliar spray of fosetyl Al gave average 33.33 % and 30.00 % disease index, respectively during the three-year experiments.
Response of Nutrient Management Practices through Organic Substances on Rice ...AI Publications
The management of soil organic matter is crucial to maintain a productive organic farming system. No one source of nutrient usually fulfills to maintain productivity and quality control in organic system. In addition, the inputs to supplement nutrient availability are often not uniform presenting additional challenges in meeting the nutrient requirements of crops in organic system. With this concept, a field experiment was conducted at the research farm of ASPEE Agricultural Research and Development Foundation, Tansa Farm, at Nare, Taluka Wada, Dist. Palghar, Maharashtra, during Kharif 2018-19 in rice. Different treatments comprising organic amendments such as T1-FYM @ 5 t/ha (control), T2-T1 + vermicompost @2.5 t/ha, T3-T1+Neem cake @ 250 kg, T4- T1+ vermiwash @ 3% spray, T5-T1+ Jeevamrut @ 3 % spray, T6-T1+ Panchgavya @ 3 % Spray, T7-T1+ Enriched Bananpseudostem sap @ 3% spray and T8-T1+ Regular Banana sap @ 3% spray were tried in organic crop production. These treatments were compared with absolute control (FYM @ 5 t/ha + No biofertilizer+ No Spray). A Rice variety ‘GR-11’ was taken for study. Results revealed a significant enhancement in grain yield of rice over absolute control due to the application of different organic amendments applied alone or in combinations. The rice grain yield (3.19 t ha-1) obtained under combined application of FYM and vermicompost was at par with the yield recorded under neem cake, vermiwash and panchgavya. An interesting observation recorded was that there was no serious attack of any insects pest or disease in organically grown crop. The study revealed that addition of four organic amendments viz. vermicompost, vermiwash, neem cake&panchgavyacould give the optimum yield of organic rice var. GR-11.
The document summarizes a study on insecticide use and farmers' perceptions of cabbage cultivation in nine districts of Karnataka, India. It finds that 33 different insecticides are used in cabbage farming in the region, with 58% not approved for cabbage. Organophosphates are most commonly used, making up 26% of insecticides. The number of insecticide sprays ranges from 6-16 per season depending on the district. Farmers generally use insecticides at higher than recommended dosages. The study exposes issues with overuse, misuse and abuse of pesticides among cabbage farmers in Karnataka.
biochemical study of aril browning in pomegranateNidhi Singh
This study investigated the biochemical changes in pomegranate fruit affected by aril browning (AB), a physiological disorder. AB affected arils had higher total sugars, reducing sugars, total soluble solids, and starch compared to healthy arils. AB affected seeds had lower protein content and enzyme activities (amylase, total dehydrogenase) than healthy seeds. Polyphenol oxidase activity was higher in AB affected seeds. Total phenols and anthocyanins decreased with increasing AB intensity. The study suggests AB is a complex process involving increased polyphenol oxidase activity and decreased amylase and dehydrogenase activities in affected tissues. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms leading to AB development.
This document summarizes a study on the effects of different types and application timings of organic fertilizers on the growth and yield of sweet corn. The study tested 4 types of organic fertilizers (cow's compost, Tithonia diversifolia, cow's compost with EM-4, and Tithonia diversifolia with EM-4) applied at 4 different timings (planting time, 1 week before, 2 weeks before, 3 weeks before). Results showed that cow's compost and cow's compost with EM-4 increased dry weight, crop growth rate, and chlorophyll more than Tithonia diversifolia. Application timing did not significantly affect variables. The study suggests that cow's comp
A field experiment was conducted during 2013-14 and 2014-15 to study the effect of planting methods, intercropping and integrated weed management practices on yield of turmeric. Two planting methods of turmeric viz., paired row of 80/20 cm and paired row 70/30 cm; two intercrops viz., baby corn and greengram and three weed management practices viz., non-chemical i.e. mulching followed by four hand weeding at 35, 65, 95 and 140 days after planting (DAP), pre-emergence application of metribuzin @ 500 g ha-1 followed by five hand weeding at 35, 65, 95, 140 and 185 DAP and pre-emergence application of oxadiargyl @ 90 g ha-1 followed by five hand weeding at 35, 65, 95, 140 and 185 DAP along with one weedy check (control) were evaluated. Turmeric planting in paired row 70/30 cm and intercropping greengram in between paired rows with non-chemical weed management practice by mulching followed by four hand weeding at 35, 65, 95 and 140 DAP (M2I2W2) proved superior in most of the attributes studied, followed by paired row 70/30 cm and intercropping baby corn with non-chemical weed management practice by mulching followed by four hand weeding at 35, 65, 95 and 140 DAP (M2I1W2).
Comparative economic analysis of organic and inorganic wheatsanaullah noonari
The production of wheat crop for the year 2012-13 is estimated to be 24.2 million tons against last year’s
production of 23.4 million tons. The major reasons for this enhanced production were increase in support price
from Rs.1050 to Rs.1200 per 40 Kg which encouraged improved seed usage and fertilizers. There was also better
weather and comparatively more water available from the reservoirs. The target for wheat production for 2013-
14 has been fixed at 25.0 million tons. The fertilizer has raised the expenses of the inorganic farmers, which are
not, used in organic farming. Cash cost in case of organic and inorganic farming is Rs. 23053.00 and 25846.00
respectively. The non-cash cost of organic and inorganic are Rs.19389.65 and 18815.10 respectively. Total cost
is the combination of cash and non-cash costs that is Rs.42442.65 and 44661.00 in organic and inorganic
farming. Gross margin (GM) is obtained by subtracting the cash cost from the gross value of product. GM is
Rs.33142.65 and 36182.00 in organic and inorganic farming system. Net income is obtained by subtracting the
total cost from the gross value of product. It is Rs.13752.35 and Rs.17367.00 in organic and inorganic farming,
respectively showing a difference of Rs.2615.35. The analysis shows that low net income in organic farming
than the inorganic farming is due to the low yield and high labor cost in organic system. Secondly health and
environmental costs are not included in the analysis, because in the study site farmers are unaware of these costs.
Keywords: Wheat, organic, Inorganic, support price, environmental costs, Pakistan
Effect of Paddy Straw Based Integrated Nutrient Management Practices for Sust...iosrjce
The field experiments on Integrated Nutrient Management in rice were carried out ( Kharif
2010,2011 and 2012 and summer 2011 and 2012) in red loamy soil at Agricultural and Horticultural Research
Station, Kathalagere, Channagiri taluk, Davanagere district of Karnataka, India to develop suitable integrated
nutrient management practices for rice using organic and inorganic sources of nutrients through integration of
paddy straw treated with combination of cow dung slurry @ 5% + Trichoderma harizianum @5 kg ha-1 +
Pleurotus sajor caju @ 5 kg ha-1
.The organic sources of nutrients used in the present study were FYM (Farm
yard manure), paddy straw and Gliricidia sipium. The results of the present investigation clearly indicated that
the supply of recommended dose of NPK with FYM or paddy straw treated with cow dung slurry @ 5% + T.
harizianum @5 kg ha-1 + P. sajor caju @ 5 kg ha-1
or Gliricidia yielded significantly positive response in
increasing yield attributes like grain and straw yield in rice. The pooled experimental data of five season
experimentation confirmed the results for sustainability of rice productivity
Comparative study of chemical fungicides for the management of citrus gummosi...AI Publications
Field experiment was conducted at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mehsana, Gujarat to test the efficacy of various chemical treatments for the control of gummosis (Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica) of Citrus during the year 2017-2019. Ten -year-old acid lime (Kagzi lime) trees were treated with Bordeaux paste and fosetyl Al. Bordeaux paste application and fosetyl Al significantly reduced gummosis incidence. It can be concluded that for effective control of gummosis, citrus trees may be treated with Bordeaux paste on the main trunk or foliar spray of fosetyl Al gave average 33.33 % and 30.00 % disease index, respectively during the three-year experiments.
Integrated Nutrient Management refers to maintenance of soil fertility and the plant nutrient supply at an optimum level for sustaining the desired productivity through optimization of the benefits from all the possible sources of Organic, Inorganic & biological component in an integrated manner.
Effect of altitude and fruit bearing position on physical quality attributes ...AI Publications
Mandarin occupies a prominent position in the total fruit sector of Nepal. A study was conducted to assess the physical quality of mandarin in Kavre district of Nepal during February, 2018. Three altitudes (1410, 1540 and 1670 m.asl) and four bearing positions (East, West, North and South) in each tree were taken, from southern facing slope of local mandarin orchard under normal farmer managed practices. Fruits from each sector were scored for total weight, peel weight, peel thickness, length, diameter, juice content, rag and seed content and firmness. The result showed that the peel thickness (4.26 mm), length (51.62mm), firmness (6.04 lb/cm2) were recorded higher in the mandarin harvested from an altitude of 1410 m.asl. Weight (78.37 g), percentage composition of peel (34.91%) and diameter (58.85 mm) were recorded highest in mandarin at an altitude 1540 m.asl. Percentage composition of juice (45.11%), percentage composition of rag and seed (27.62%) was recorded highest in mandarin fruit harvested in 1670 m.asl altitude. Similarly, weight (83.40 g), percentage composition of rag and seed (29.13%), length (49.16 mm) and diameter (59.08 mm) were recorded higher in mandarin on eastern canopy of tree. Percentage composition of juice (47.36%) was recorded higher in mandarin fruit harvested from western canopy. Peel thickness (3.74 mm) and firmness (4.41 lb/cm2) were recorded highest in mandarin harvested from northern canopy of tree. The percentage composition of peel (33.81%) was highest in mandarin of southern canopy. The combined effect of altitude and fruit bearing position had significant effect on percentage composition of juice (P<0.01), percentage composition of rag and seed (P=0.08), length (P=0.016) and firmness (P=0.021). Mandarins at southern bearing position located at 1540 m.asl and lower altitude were comparatively of good quality than of the upper altitude
This document is a dissertation submitted by Usman Ibrahim to Ahmadu Bello University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Doctor of Philosophy degree in Agronomy. The dissertation examines the influence of poultry manure and weed control methods on the performance of three groundnut varieties (SAMNUT 11, SAMNUT 22, SAMNUT 23) under rainfed and irrigated conditions. Field trials were conducted over four growing seasons to evaluate the effects of three levels of poultry manure, five weed control methods, and three groundnut varieties on various growth, yield, and economic parameters. The results of the study are presented across 22 sections, with statistical analyses conducted to determine
The Study of Straw Organics Products and JajarLegowo Utilization toward Rice ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by the International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The journal provides a common forum where all aspects of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences are presented. The journal invites original papers, review articles, technical reports and short communications containing new insight into any aspect Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences that are not published or not being considered for publication elsewhere.
This document provides a summary of a seminar presentation on nutrient management in legume crops. It discusses the importance of legumes as a source of protein and their production globally and in India. It then summarizes the speaker's presentation which covered topics like essential plant nutrients, nutrient deficiency in legumes, principles of nutrient management, biological nitrogen fixation, integrated nutrient management, and the effects of fertilizer and organic amendments on the yield and quality of groundnuts. Tables of data from studies on groundnut are also summarized.
The Effect of Application Time and Dosage of Biourine on Growth and Productio...iosrjce
Objective of the research was to study the effect of application time and dosage of biourine on
increasing the growth and production of rice. The research applied the Split Plot Design by 3 replications. The
main plot is the application time of biourine that comprises of 2 levels: in the morning and in the afternoon. The
sub plot is the dosage of biourine that comprises of 4 levels: 0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 l ha-1
. Result of the
research showed a significant interaction between time of application and dosage of biourine on diverseobserved
parameters and ages. On parameter of growth, the application time in the morning by dosage of
1500 l ha-1 and application time in the morning by dosage of 2000 l ha-1
could increase leaf area, numbers of
plantlet per clump and total dry weight of the crops, which are better than other treatments. On parameter of
yield, the application time in the morning by dosage of 1500 l ha-1 and application time in the morning by
dosage of 2000 l ha-1
could increase numbers of panicle per clump, weight of harvested dry spikelets, and weight of 1000 spikelets, which are better than other treatments
IRF ORganic Farming Technology : Biodiversity Marker can be effectively used to score the influence of any Management Practice towards development of agro-ecology, not only for tea plantation but for any type crop production.
This document summarizes research on integrated nutrient management for cucumber production. Key findings include:
1) The highest cucumber yield (32.8 t/ha) was obtained with 50% recommended dose of fertilizer plus vermicompost and biofertilizers.
2) Application of 75% recommended dose of fertilizer plus phosphate solubilizing bacteria increased vine length, plant height, and number of branches compared to the control.
3) Organic sources like farmyard manure, vermicompost, and green leaf manure, alone or combined with reduced chemical fertilizers and biofertilizers, improved growth and yield of cucumber compared to recommended chemical doses alone.
SMART FERTILIZERS FOR FOOD SECURITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETYCSAUA&T, Kanpur
The document discusses smart fertilizers as a solution to enhance food production while preserving environmental quality. It notes that conventional fertilizers can pollute water and soil while smart fertilizers provide controlled nutrient release and avoid excess application. Smart fertilizer formulations discussed include nanofertilizers, water soluble fertilizers, customized fertilizers for specific soils/crops, and coated slow release fertilizers. Research shows these smart fertilizers increase yields and nutrient use efficiency compared to conventional fertilizers. They allow continuous nutrient availability for plants and are more environmentally friendly.
Sensory and Nutritional Evaluation of Biscuit Supplemented with Hibiscus Rosa...ijtsrd
The objective of the present study was to develop value added products by incorporating the dehydrated flower powder to increase the consumption of edible flowers in the daily diet. Three different variations of biscuit were prepared by incorporating dehydrated hibiscus powder. The proportion of refined wheat flour and hibiscus flower powder were 95 5, 90 10, 85 15. Sensory and nutritional properties were evaluated. Biscuit with 10 percent variation was found to be most acceptable. Supplemented biscuit contained higher content of fat, fibre, ash, vitamins and minerals when compared with control. Babita Dahiya | Dr. Parvinder Kaur "Sensory and Nutritional Evaluation of Biscuit Supplemented with Hibiscus Rosasinensis Flower" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29760.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/home-science/food-and-nutrition/29760/sensory-and-nutritional-evaluation-of-biscuit-supplemented-with-hibiscus-rosasinensis-flower/babita-dahiya
Integrated nutrient management approaches under system of rice intensificatio...Ashutosh Pal
1) The document discusses integrated nutrient management approaches for rice cultivation using the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method.
2) A field experiment was conducted with 8 treatments involving different combinations and timings of organic manures, inorganic fertilizers, and biofertilizers.
3) The treatment combining 5 tons farmyard manure with the recommended dose of fertilizer, with nitrogen applied as 1/4 at transplanting, 1/2 at 2nd weeding, and 1/4 at panicle initiation, resulted in the highest grain yield of 7284 kg/ha.
Impact of shrimp cultivation on agriculture: A study in Parulia union of Satk...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Transformation of land use pattern from agriculture to massive shrimp cultivation has been taking place in the coastal areas of Bangladesh. The present study attempts to find out various impacts associated with shrimp cultivation in Parulia union of Debhata upazila, Satkhira. A three months long field study was carried out in 2014 in twelve villages of the unions under study. The data were collected through a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches: questionnaire surveys, focus groups discussions (FGD), field observation, key informants interview (KII) and secondary materials. The research revealed that shrimp cultivation has direct impact on agriculture in the study location. Though the traditional occupation of people in the area was agriculture (98%, N=102), however, after introduction of commercial shrimp cultivation (approximately 20 to 25 years ago) people in the area are overwhelmingly engaged in shrimp cultivation (86%, N=72). Due to encroachment of agricultural land by shrimp farm present land use strategies in the studied area have also changed drastically. Presently only 42.2 percent of respondents own agriculture land (N=102) whereas about 91.2 percent of respondents (N=102) own gher in the study area. Average agriculture land of respondent households in the area has also been reduced from 3.37 bigha to 1.45 bigha, whilst area and number of ghers of respondent households are increasing. Out of 44.16 km2 of land in the study area 32.66 km2 are under shrimp/bagda cultivation and only 4.19 km2 (Boro cultivation = 3.50 km2 and other crop cultivation = 0.69 km2, Table 8) are now being used for agriculture. With the increase of shrimp cultivation soil salinity is also increasing, as a result most the agriculture land becomes infertile and ultimately crop yields become reduced. Local rice varieties such as Patnai; Durgavogh; Kartikshail; Nagirshail; Chinikanai; Lalgati; Dhungati; Ashfali; Balam; Boran; Jamaibabu etc. are not able to cope with the excessive soil salinity, as a result farmers have to cultivate salinity tolerant high yielding varieties such as Jamaibabu 10; Aftab 1-10; BIRI 28, 30, 41, 47; BINA 7, 8, 10, 22, 28; Minikat; ACI 1, 2; Hira; Akhter 6; Sakti; Sathi; Aloron; Aata 70 etc.
restoring the soil physical structure and chemical fertility, improving soil organic C and therefore, sustaining the system productivity. Nitrogen fixers and phosphate solubilizer contribute through biological fixation of nitrogen, solubilization of fixed nutrients and enhanced uptake of plant nutrients (Gupta et al., 2003).
INM tries to reduce the need for chemical fertilizers by taking advantages of non-chemical sources of nutrients such as the manures, composts and bio-fertilizers (Gopalasundaram et al., 2012). Bio-fertilizers application not only increases plants growth and yield, but increase soil microbial population and activity; resulting in improved soil fertility (Ramesh et al., 2014). They include free-living bacteria which promote plant growth even in polluted soils. Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Thiobacillus are examples of these bacteria (Zahir et al., 2004). Niess (2002) reported that plant growth promoting bacteria reduced the toxicity of heavy metals and increased plant growth and yield.
Intercropping has been in practice for centuries to sustain yield, minimize risk, utilize the lag phase, and improve productivity (Rao, 2000). It reported that physico-chemical changes in soil under pure and alley cropping with Leucaena leucocephala (after six year) and found that alley cropping more suitable than pure crop (Gangwar et al., 2004).
1. The document contains 7 abstracts from the journal HortFlora Research Spectrum, Vol. 1(3) from 2012. The abstracts discuss research on topics related to agroforestry, seed germination of fruit crops, effects of organic amendments on ashwagandha growth and yield, path analysis of tomato yield components, effects of chemicals on guava shelf life and quality, effects of ethrel on post-harvest papaya, and effects of zinc application on peach yield and quality.
2. The abstracts provide overviews of studies that analyzed the microclimate changes under trees in agroforestry systems, reviewed developments in seed germination of various fruit crops, examined the impact of organic amendments and bio
effect of irrigation levels on yield performance of black cuminIJEAB
An experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Horticulture Department, Bangabandhu Sheikh MujiburRahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Salna, Gazipur during the period from 20 November, 2012 to 12 April, 2013 to determine the optimum level of irrigation for better yield and quality of black cumin. There were six different irrigation levels (I1 - no irrigation, I2 - three irrigation, I3 - four irrigation, I4 - six irrigation, I5 - eight irrigation and I6 - ten irrigation). Results revealed that the number of primary branches (6.33), secondary branches (11.84), tertiary branches (6.29), number of capsule per plant (18.64), capsule length (1.89 cm), diameter of capsule( 1.05 cm), number of seed per capsule (107.8), fresh seed yield per plant (3.84g), dry seed yield per plant (3.26g), 1000 seed weight (2.40g) and seed yield (1.77 t/ha) were observed maximum in I6(ten irrigation).
Effect of cattle manure and inorganic fertilizer on the growth and yield of h...Premier Publishers
The high cost of inorganic fertilizer and continuous decline in soil fertility results to low crop yield hence, the need to supplement mineral fertilizer with organic manure. Field experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2014 cropping seasons at the Teaching and Research Farm, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Gubi, Bauchi State, Nigeria, to investigate the effects of different levels of cattle manure, CM, (0, 5 and 10 t/ha) and NPK (0, 200 and 400kg/ha) on the growth, yield and yield components of hybrid maize (Zea mays L.). These treatment combinations were replicated three times in a randomized complete block design. CM levels had significant effect (P≤0.05) on number of leaves per plant and plant height. However, NPK levels also had significant effect on many characters in both 2013 and 2014 but lower mean values were recorded in 2013. In 2014, significant interactions were observed in mean number of leaves, plant height, husk weight and yield (t/ha). The highest seed yield (5.65t/ha) was obtained when 5t/ha CM was used, which was statistically similar (5.60t/ha) to 400kg/ha inorganic fertilizer used. The application of 5t/ha CM or 400kg/ha NPK is recommended for improved production of hybrid maize in the study area.
Integrated Nutrient Management refers to the maintenance of soil fertility and of plant nutrient supply at an optimum level for sustaining the desired productivity through optimization of the benefits from all possible sources of organic, inorganic and biological components in an integrated manner
Integrated nutrient management (INM) involves efficient and judicious use of all the major components of plant nutrient sources for sustaining soil fertility, health and productivity
Integrated approach for plant nutrition is being advocated because single nutrient approach often reduces fertilizer use efficiency and consequently creates problem fertilizers can help in enhancing and maintaining stability in production with least degradation in chemical and physical properties of the soil.
A healthy soil is a living, dynamic ecosystem that performs many vital functions.
A healthy soil produces a healthy feed for consumption. Improved soil health often is indicated by improvement on physical, chemical and microbiological environment.
Introduction of high yielding varieties, irrigation and use of high analysis fertilizer without proper soil tests, accelerated the mining of native soil nutrient resources.
Under intensive cultivation without giving due consideration to nutrient requirement has resulted in decline in soil fertility and consequent productivity of crops
Vegetables are rich source of energy and nutrition.
Effect of biochar on maize yield and yield components in rainfed conditions |...Innspub Net
This study investigated the effects of applying biochar from wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse on maize yield and plant nutrients under rainfed conditions. A field experiment was conducted in which maize was grown in plots treated with wheat straw biochar at 5 and 10 tons/ha, sugarcane bagasse biochar at 5 and 10 tons/ha, or a control with no biochar. The results showed that wheat straw biochar at 10 tons/ha and sugarcane bagasse biochar at 10 tons/ha significantly increased maize grain yield, plant biomass, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compared to the control. However, biochar did not significantly affect micronutrient levels in the maize
Influence of Goat Manure as Organic Amendment on Physical and Physico Chemica...ijtsrd
Theri lands are located along the coastal areas of Tuticorin district of Tamilnadu, South India. Proper management of the land is difficult because of its poor quality structure, low nutrition, meagre moisture holding capacity, low value of organic content, and high value of hydraulic conductivity. The permeability of water in theri soil is high and is not suitable for agriculture which is presently considered as a wasteland. The objective is to nurse the soil back to health and reclaim the soil. Goat Manure amended with theri soil characteristics are studied separately. In this amendment, ten different combinations are tried. Using this organic amendment the soil Physical, Physico-Chemical and Chemical properties are studied which makes the soil cultivable and to arrive at their interrelationships in reclaiming the soil. A field experiment is conducted at PunnaiNagar (Kachanavillai) that is located at 19 km west from Tiruchendur of Tuticorin district, Tamilnadu. This study tests for the changes of physical properties through the addition of goat manures and aims in describing relationship among the soil physical properties such as bulk density(BD),Particle density(PD),Water holding density(WHC), Pore space (PS),Hydraulic conductivity(HC),Thermal Conductivity(TC), Volume Expansion(VE) of the soil through various methods. Physico-Chemical properties like Electrical conductivity (EC), Potential of Hydrogen (pH) and Chemical properties namely NPK, Organic Carbon (OC) are also studied. Indira, E. | Annadurai, B. | Sundaram, S."Influence of Goat Manure as Organic Amendment on Physical and Physico Chemical Properties of Therisoil" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-2 , February 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd9539.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/physics/other/9539/influence-of-goat-manure-as-organic-amendment-on-physical-and-physico-chemical-properties-of-therisoil/indira-e
1) The document outlines a research work on the economic analysis of pesticide use in soybean cultivation in Nagpur district.
2) The objectives are to study pesticide use patterns, costs and returns with pesticide use, optimal pesticide levels, and pesticide safety practices.
3) A literature review found studies showing excessive and improper pesticide use increased costs and led to pest resistance, and recommended integrated pest management.
The journal is an open access, international, double-blind peer-reviewed journal publishing research articles, Invited reviews, short communications, and letters to the Editor in the field of agriculture, fisheries, veterinary, biology, and closely related disciplines. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences is being published online biannually as of 2007. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences aims to create an environment for researchers to introduce, share, read, and discuss recent scientific progress. We adopt the policy of providing open access to readers who may be interested in recent developments.
Growth, rhizome yield and biochemical components of turmeric (Curcuma longa L...Open Access Research Paper
The work aimed at contributing to the agricultural valuation of poultry droppings and mycorrhizal biofertilizers in order to increase the productivity of Curcuma longa L. (turmeric). Thereby, the effect of some amendments on the growth, the composition of some biochemical and mineral components of C. longa was studied during 23 weeks of cultivation in a greenhouse. The experimental device was a completely randomized block with five treatments (T0= control; T1= poultry droppings; T2= NPK; T3= mycorrhizae; T4= poultry droppings + mycorrhizae). Concerning growth parameters, the T4 improves the height of the stems (38.1 ± 2.8cm), the basal stem diameter (9.2 ± 1.0mm) and the dry biomass of the leafy stems (16.2 ± 2.3g). Concerning the roots, the best results were obtained by T1 (4.3 ± 1.6g). The best results on the productivity of fresh rhizomes of C. longa, have been obtained to the T4 (308.8 ± 43.2g). According to biochemical components, the contribution of mycorrhizae and droppings increased the carotenoids content with the respective values of 2.63 ± 0.1g/l and 2.75 ± 0.1g/l. For the mineral constituents, the contribution of the T4 and T1 obtained better results in minerals such as: N and Fe inmg/100g DW. The results show the importance of using the droppings of laying hens in combination with mycorrhizae. It was found to be very promoting the turmeric plants and therefore can be used as an alternative to replace chemical fertilizer usually employed for cultivation.
Integrated Nutrient Management refers to maintenance of soil fertility and the plant nutrient supply at an optimum level for sustaining the desired productivity through optimization of the benefits from all the possible sources of Organic, Inorganic & biological component in an integrated manner.
Effect of altitude and fruit bearing position on physical quality attributes ...AI Publications
Mandarin occupies a prominent position in the total fruit sector of Nepal. A study was conducted to assess the physical quality of mandarin in Kavre district of Nepal during February, 2018. Three altitudes (1410, 1540 and 1670 m.asl) and four bearing positions (East, West, North and South) in each tree were taken, from southern facing slope of local mandarin orchard under normal farmer managed practices. Fruits from each sector were scored for total weight, peel weight, peel thickness, length, diameter, juice content, rag and seed content and firmness. The result showed that the peel thickness (4.26 mm), length (51.62mm), firmness (6.04 lb/cm2) were recorded higher in the mandarin harvested from an altitude of 1410 m.asl. Weight (78.37 g), percentage composition of peel (34.91%) and diameter (58.85 mm) were recorded highest in mandarin at an altitude 1540 m.asl. Percentage composition of juice (45.11%), percentage composition of rag and seed (27.62%) was recorded highest in mandarin fruit harvested in 1670 m.asl altitude. Similarly, weight (83.40 g), percentage composition of rag and seed (29.13%), length (49.16 mm) and diameter (59.08 mm) were recorded higher in mandarin on eastern canopy of tree. Percentage composition of juice (47.36%) was recorded higher in mandarin fruit harvested from western canopy. Peel thickness (3.74 mm) and firmness (4.41 lb/cm2) were recorded highest in mandarin harvested from northern canopy of tree. The percentage composition of peel (33.81%) was highest in mandarin of southern canopy. The combined effect of altitude and fruit bearing position had significant effect on percentage composition of juice (P<0.01), percentage composition of rag and seed (P=0.08), length (P=0.016) and firmness (P=0.021). Mandarins at southern bearing position located at 1540 m.asl and lower altitude were comparatively of good quality than of the upper altitude
This document is a dissertation submitted by Usman Ibrahim to Ahmadu Bello University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Doctor of Philosophy degree in Agronomy. The dissertation examines the influence of poultry manure and weed control methods on the performance of three groundnut varieties (SAMNUT 11, SAMNUT 22, SAMNUT 23) under rainfed and irrigated conditions. Field trials were conducted over four growing seasons to evaluate the effects of three levels of poultry manure, five weed control methods, and three groundnut varieties on various growth, yield, and economic parameters. The results of the study are presented across 22 sections, with statistical analyses conducted to determine
The Study of Straw Organics Products and JajarLegowo Utilization toward Rice ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by the International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The journal provides a common forum where all aspects of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences are presented. The journal invites original papers, review articles, technical reports and short communications containing new insight into any aspect Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences that are not published or not being considered for publication elsewhere.
This document provides a summary of a seminar presentation on nutrient management in legume crops. It discusses the importance of legumes as a source of protein and their production globally and in India. It then summarizes the speaker's presentation which covered topics like essential plant nutrients, nutrient deficiency in legumes, principles of nutrient management, biological nitrogen fixation, integrated nutrient management, and the effects of fertilizer and organic amendments on the yield and quality of groundnuts. Tables of data from studies on groundnut are also summarized.
The Effect of Application Time and Dosage of Biourine on Growth and Productio...iosrjce
Objective of the research was to study the effect of application time and dosage of biourine on
increasing the growth and production of rice. The research applied the Split Plot Design by 3 replications. The
main plot is the application time of biourine that comprises of 2 levels: in the morning and in the afternoon. The
sub plot is the dosage of biourine that comprises of 4 levels: 0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 l ha-1
. Result of the
research showed a significant interaction between time of application and dosage of biourine on diverseobserved
parameters and ages. On parameter of growth, the application time in the morning by dosage of
1500 l ha-1 and application time in the morning by dosage of 2000 l ha-1
could increase leaf area, numbers of
plantlet per clump and total dry weight of the crops, which are better than other treatments. On parameter of
yield, the application time in the morning by dosage of 1500 l ha-1 and application time in the morning by
dosage of 2000 l ha-1
could increase numbers of panicle per clump, weight of harvested dry spikelets, and weight of 1000 spikelets, which are better than other treatments
IRF ORganic Farming Technology : Biodiversity Marker can be effectively used to score the influence of any Management Practice towards development of agro-ecology, not only for tea plantation but for any type crop production.
This document summarizes research on integrated nutrient management for cucumber production. Key findings include:
1) The highest cucumber yield (32.8 t/ha) was obtained with 50% recommended dose of fertilizer plus vermicompost and biofertilizers.
2) Application of 75% recommended dose of fertilizer plus phosphate solubilizing bacteria increased vine length, plant height, and number of branches compared to the control.
3) Organic sources like farmyard manure, vermicompost, and green leaf manure, alone or combined with reduced chemical fertilizers and biofertilizers, improved growth and yield of cucumber compared to recommended chemical doses alone.
SMART FERTILIZERS FOR FOOD SECURITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETYCSAUA&T, Kanpur
The document discusses smart fertilizers as a solution to enhance food production while preserving environmental quality. It notes that conventional fertilizers can pollute water and soil while smart fertilizers provide controlled nutrient release and avoid excess application. Smart fertilizer formulations discussed include nanofertilizers, water soluble fertilizers, customized fertilizers for specific soils/crops, and coated slow release fertilizers. Research shows these smart fertilizers increase yields and nutrient use efficiency compared to conventional fertilizers. They allow continuous nutrient availability for plants and are more environmentally friendly.
Sensory and Nutritional Evaluation of Biscuit Supplemented with Hibiscus Rosa...ijtsrd
The objective of the present study was to develop value added products by incorporating the dehydrated flower powder to increase the consumption of edible flowers in the daily diet. Three different variations of biscuit were prepared by incorporating dehydrated hibiscus powder. The proportion of refined wheat flour and hibiscus flower powder were 95 5, 90 10, 85 15. Sensory and nutritional properties were evaluated. Biscuit with 10 percent variation was found to be most acceptable. Supplemented biscuit contained higher content of fat, fibre, ash, vitamins and minerals when compared with control. Babita Dahiya | Dr. Parvinder Kaur "Sensory and Nutritional Evaluation of Biscuit Supplemented with Hibiscus Rosasinensis Flower" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29760.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/home-science/food-and-nutrition/29760/sensory-and-nutritional-evaluation-of-biscuit-supplemented-with-hibiscus-rosasinensis-flower/babita-dahiya
Integrated nutrient management approaches under system of rice intensificatio...Ashutosh Pal
1) The document discusses integrated nutrient management approaches for rice cultivation using the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method.
2) A field experiment was conducted with 8 treatments involving different combinations and timings of organic manures, inorganic fertilizers, and biofertilizers.
3) The treatment combining 5 tons farmyard manure with the recommended dose of fertilizer, with nitrogen applied as 1/4 at transplanting, 1/2 at 2nd weeding, and 1/4 at panicle initiation, resulted in the highest grain yield of 7284 kg/ha.
Impact of shrimp cultivation on agriculture: A study in Parulia union of Satk...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Transformation of land use pattern from agriculture to massive shrimp cultivation has been taking place in the coastal areas of Bangladesh. The present study attempts to find out various impacts associated with shrimp cultivation in Parulia union of Debhata upazila, Satkhira. A three months long field study was carried out in 2014 in twelve villages of the unions under study. The data were collected through a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches: questionnaire surveys, focus groups discussions (FGD), field observation, key informants interview (KII) and secondary materials. The research revealed that shrimp cultivation has direct impact on agriculture in the study location. Though the traditional occupation of people in the area was agriculture (98%, N=102), however, after introduction of commercial shrimp cultivation (approximately 20 to 25 years ago) people in the area are overwhelmingly engaged in shrimp cultivation (86%, N=72). Due to encroachment of agricultural land by shrimp farm present land use strategies in the studied area have also changed drastically. Presently only 42.2 percent of respondents own agriculture land (N=102) whereas about 91.2 percent of respondents (N=102) own gher in the study area. Average agriculture land of respondent households in the area has also been reduced from 3.37 bigha to 1.45 bigha, whilst area and number of ghers of respondent households are increasing. Out of 44.16 km2 of land in the study area 32.66 km2 are under shrimp/bagda cultivation and only 4.19 km2 (Boro cultivation = 3.50 km2 and other crop cultivation = 0.69 km2, Table 8) are now being used for agriculture. With the increase of shrimp cultivation soil salinity is also increasing, as a result most the agriculture land becomes infertile and ultimately crop yields become reduced. Local rice varieties such as Patnai; Durgavogh; Kartikshail; Nagirshail; Chinikanai; Lalgati; Dhungati; Ashfali; Balam; Boran; Jamaibabu etc. are not able to cope with the excessive soil salinity, as a result farmers have to cultivate salinity tolerant high yielding varieties such as Jamaibabu 10; Aftab 1-10; BIRI 28, 30, 41, 47; BINA 7, 8, 10, 22, 28; Minikat; ACI 1, 2; Hira; Akhter 6; Sakti; Sathi; Aloron; Aata 70 etc.
restoring the soil physical structure and chemical fertility, improving soil organic C and therefore, sustaining the system productivity. Nitrogen fixers and phosphate solubilizer contribute through biological fixation of nitrogen, solubilization of fixed nutrients and enhanced uptake of plant nutrients (Gupta et al., 2003).
INM tries to reduce the need for chemical fertilizers by taking advantages of non-chemical sources of nutrients such as the manures, composts and bio-fertilizers (Gopalasundaram et al., 2012). Bio-fertilizers application not only increases plants growth and yield, but increase soil microbial population and activity; resulting in improved soil fertility (Ramesh et al., 2014). They include free-living bacteria which promote plant growth even in polluted soils. Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Thiobacillus are examples of these bacteria (Zahir et al., 2004). Niess (2002) reported that plant growth promoting bacteria reduced the toxicity of heavy metals and increased plant growth and yield.
Intercropping has been in practice for centuries to sustain yield, minimize risk, utilize the lag phase, and improve productivity (Rao, 2000). It reported that physico-chemical changes in soil under pure and alley cropping with Leucaena leucocephala (after six year) and found that alley cropping more suitable than pure crop (Gangwar et al., 2004).
1. The document contains 7 abstracts from the journal HortFlora Research Spectrum, Vol. 1(3) from 2012. The abstracts discuss research on topics related to agroforestry, seed germination of fruit crops, effects of organic amendments on ashwagandha growth and yield, path analysis of tomato yield components, effects of chemicals on guava shelf life and quality, effects of ethrel on post-harvest papaya, and effects of zinc application on peach yield and quality.
2. The abstracts provide overviews of studies that analyzed the microclimate changes under trees in agroforestry systems, reviewed developments in seed germination of various fruit crops, examined the impact of organic amendments and bio
effect of irrigation levels on yield performance of black cuminIJEAB
An experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Horticulture Department, Bangabandhu Sheikh MujiburRahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Salna, Gazipur during the period from 20 November, 2012 to 12 April, 2013 to determine the optimum level of irrigation for better yield and quality of black cumin. There were six different irrigation levels (I1 - no irrigation, I2 - three irrigation, I3 - four irrigation, I4 - six irrigation, I5 - eight irrigation and I6 - ten irrigation). Results revealed that the number of primary branches (6.33), secondary branches (11.84), tertiary branches (6.29), number of capsule per plant (18.64), capsule length (1.89 cm), diameter of capsule( 1.05 cm), number of seed per capsule (107.8), fresh seed yield per plant (3.84g), dry seed yield per plant (3.26g), 1000 seed weight (2.40g) and seed yield (1.77 t/ha) were observed maximum in I6(ten irrigation).
Effect of cattle manure and inorganic fertilizer on the growth and yield of h...Premier Publishers
The high cost of inorganic fertilizer and continuous decline in soil fertility results to low crop yield hence, the need to supplement mineral fertilizer with organic manure. Field experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2014 cropping seasons at the Teaching and Research Farm, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Gubi, Bauchi State, Nigeria, to investigate the effects of different levels of cattle manure, CM, (0, 5 and 10 t/ha) and NPK (0, 200 and 400kg/ha) on the growth, yield and yield components of hybrid maize (Zea mays L.). These treatment combinations were replicated three times in a randomized complete block design. CM levels had significant effect (P≤0.05) on number of leaves per plant and plant height. However, NPK levels also had significant effect on many characters in both 2013 and 2014 but lower mean values were recorded in 2013. In 2014, significant interactions were observed in mean number of leaves, plant height, husk weight and yield (t/ha). The highest seed yield (5.65t/ha) was obtained when 5t/ha CM was used, which was statistically similar (5.60t/ha) to 400kg/ha inorganic fertilizer used. The application of 5t/ha CM or 400kg/ha NPK is recommended for improved production of hybrid maize in the study area.
Integrated Nutrient Management refers to the maintenance of soil fertility and of plant nutrient supply at an optimum level for sustaining the desired productivity through optimization of the benefits from all possible sources of organic, inorganic and biological components in an integrated manner
Integrated nutrient management (INM) involves efficient and judicious use of all the major components of plant nutrient sources for sustaining soil fertility, health and productivity
Integrated approach for plant nutrition is being advocated because single nutrient approach often reduces fertilizer use efficiency and consequently creates problem fertilizers can help in enhancing and maintaining stability in production with least degradation in chemical and physical properties of the soil.
A healthy soil is a living, dynamic ecosystem that performs many vital functions.
A healthy soil produces a healthy feed for consumption. Improved soil health often is indicated by improvement on physical, chemical and microbiological environment.
Introduction of high yielding varieties, irrigation and use of high analysis fertilizer without proper soil tests, accelerated the mining of native soil nutrient resources.
Under intensive cultivation without giving due consideration to nutrient requirement has resulted in decline in soil fertility and consequent productivity of crops
Vegetables are rich source of energy and nutrition.
Effect of biochar on maize yield and yield components in rainfed conditions |...Innspub Net
This study investigated the effects of applying biochar from wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse on maize yield and plant nutrients under rainfed conditions. A field experiment was conducted in which maize was grown in plots treated with wheat straw biochar at 5 and 10 tons/ha, sugarcane bagasse biochar at 5 and 10 tons/ha, or a control with no biochar. The results showed that wheat straw biochar at 10 tons/ha and sugarcane bagasse biochar at 10 tons/ha significantly increased maize grain yield, plant biomass, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compared to the control. However, biochar did not significantly affect micronutrient levels in the maize
Influence of Goat Manure as Organic Amendment on Physical and Physico Chemica...ijtsrd
Theri lands are located along the coastal areas of Tuticorin district of Tamilnadu, South India. Proper management of the land is difficult because of its poor quality structure, low nutrition, meagre moisture holding capacity, low value of organic content, and high value of hydraulic conductivity. The permeability of water in theri soil is high and is not suitable for agriculture which is presently considered as a wasteland. The objective is to nurse the soil back to health and reclaim the soil. Goat Manure amended with theri soil characteristics are studied separately. In this amendment, ten different combinations are tried. Using this organic amendment the soil Physical, Physico-Chemical and Chemical properties are studied which makes the soil cultivable and to arrive at their interrelationships in reclaiming the soil. A field experiment is conducted at PunnaiNagar (Kachanavillai) that is located at 19 km west from Tiruchendur of Tuticorin district, Tamilnadu. This study tests for the changes of physical properties through the addition of goat manures and aims in describing relationship among the soil physical properties such as bulk density(BD),Particle density(PD),Water holding density(WHC), Pore space (PS),Hydraulic conductivity(HC),Thermal Conductivity(TC), Volume Expansion(VE) of the soil through various methods. Physico-Chemical properties like Electrical conductivity (EC), Potential of Hydrogen (pH) and Chemical properties namely NPK, Organic Carbon (OC) are also studied. Indira, E. | Annadurai, B. | Sundaram, S."Influence of Goat Manure as Organic Amendment on Physical and Physico Chemical Properties of Therisoil" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-2 , February 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd9539.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/physics/other/9539/influence-of-goat-manure-as-organic-amendment-on-physical-and-physico-chemical-properties-of-therisoil/indira-e
Influence of Goat Manure as Organic Amendment on Physical and Physico Chemica...
Similar to Influence of inorganic nutrient, organic nutrient and bio-fertilizer on growth, yield and quality of cumin black (Nigella sativa L.) in eastern Himalayan region of West Bengal
1) The document outlines a research work on the economic analysis of pesticide use in soybean cultivation in Nagpur district.
2) The objectives are to study pesticide use patterns, costs and returns with pesticide use, optimal pesticide levels, and pesticide safety practices.
3) A literature review found studies showing excessive and improper pesticide use increased costs and led to pest resistance, and recommended integrated pest management.
The journal is an open access, international, double-blind peer-reviewed journal publishing research articles, Invited reviews, short communications, and letters to the Editor in the field of agriculture, fisheries, veterinary, biology, and closely related disciplines. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences is being published online biannually as of 2007. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences aims to create an environment for researchers to introduce, share, read, and discuss recent scientific progress. We adopt the policy of providing open access to readers who may be interested in recent developments.
Growth, rhizome yield and biochemical components of turmeric (Curcuma longa L...Open Access Research Paper
The work aimed at contributing to the agricultural valuation of poultry droppings and mycorrhizal biofertilizers in order to increase the productivity of Curcuma longa L. (turmeric). Thereby, the effect of some amendments on the growth, the composition of some biochemical and mineral components of C. longa was studied during 23 weeks of cultivation in a greenhouse. The experimental device was a completely randomized block with five treatments (T0= control; T1= poultry droppings; T2= NPK; T3= mycorrhizae; T4= poultry droppings + mycorrhizae). Concerning growth parameters, the T4 improves the height of the stems (38.1 ± 2.8cm), the basal stem diameter (9.2 ± 1.0mm) and the dry biomass of the leafy stems (16.2 ± 2.3g). Concerning the roots, the best results were obtained by T1 (4.3 ± 1.6g). The best results on the productivity of fresh rhizomes of C. longa, have been obtained to the T4 (308.8 ± 43.2g). According to biochemical components, the contribution of mycorrhizae and droppings increased the carotenoids content with the respective values of 2.63 ± 0.1g/l and 2.75 ± 0.1g/l. For the mineral constituents, the contribution of the T4 and T1 obtained better results in minerals such as: N and Fe inmg/100g DW. The results show the importance of using the droppings of laying hens in combination with mycorrhizae. It was found to be very promoting the turmeric plants and therefore can be used as an alternative to replace chemical fertilizer usually employed for cultivation.
The combined effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yi...Open Access Research Paper
A study was conducted at Bina Sub-station Nalitabari, Sherpur Farm from June to October 2022 to investigate the effect of combining organic and inorganic fertilizers on rice growth and yield. It followed a randomized block design with three replications and a unit plot size of 3m×4m.The experiment consisted of five treatments: T1 100% STB (N90P15K75S12Zn2), T2 (85% CF+ 5t/ha cow dung), T3 (85% CF+ 4t/ha vermicompost), T4 (70% CF+ 5t/ha cow dung), and T5 (70% CF+ 2t/ha vermicompost). The objective was to assess their impact on the growth, yield, and yield-contributing characteristics of the BINAdhan-17 rice variety. The study found that combining inorganic fertilizer with 2t/ha of vermicompost resulted in the highest yield. Chemical fertilizer (CF) with organic sources increased yield. The tallest plants were in T1 (104.9cm), while the shortest was in T4. The highest grain yield was in T3 (5.9t/ha), and lowest in T4 (4.7t/ha).When combining 4t/ha of vermicompost with 85% CF (77kg N, 13kg P, 64kg K, 12kg S, 2kg Zn), the parameters of tillers per plant, panicle length, filled grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, and straw yield were maximized.Based on these findings, it can be concluded that Using high-quality rice varieties and incorporating compost, alone or with chemical fertilizers, increases yields compared to full inorganic fertilizer. The study emphasizes the importance of judicious organic and chemical fertilizer application for significantly enhancing rice yields.
Organic vegetable production in India faces several challenges. While it can increase soil fertility and reduce environmental pollution, yields may initially decrease as chemical inputs are removed. Total conversion to organic is not feasible nationally due to issues like nutrient availability, pest management knowledge, and lack of markets and research support. However, integrating organic resources with chemicals can sustain soil quality while maintaining productivity. Addressing research gaps, developing crop-specific organic packages, and promoting markets can encourage more farmers to adopt organic techniques.
Organic vegetable production in India faces several challenges. While it can increase soil fertility and reduce environmental pollution, yields may initially decrease as chemical inputs are removed. Total conversion to organic is not feasible nationally due to issues like lack of organic inputs, perishable nature of crops, labor requirements, and nutrient deficiencies. However, integrating organic resources with chemicals can sustain soil quality while maintaining productivity. Research, training, standardizing practices, and disseminating knowledge can help promote organic farming.
Effect of Organic Fertilizer Containing Mint and Thyme Oil Extract on Tomato ...IJERA Editor
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of an organic fertilizer made from mint and thyme oil extracts on the growth of tomato seedlings. Two tomato cultivars (Toprak F1 and Çanak) were treated with either the organic fertilizer or a commercial fertilizer. The growth and nutrient content of the seedlings was then measured. Results showed that high doses of the organic fertilizer negatively affected seedling growth. However, the organic fertilizer led to higher dry matter content and some higher nutrient levels in the seedlings compared to the commercial fertilizer. More research is needed to determine the optimal application doses of the organic fertilizer.
Evaluation of herbicides and their combinations for weed control in wheat (Tr...IJEABJ
The field experiment was conducted at the Student’s Research Farm, P.G. Department of Agriculture, Khalsa College, Amritsar, Punjab, to study the evaluation of various herbicides and their combinations on wheat during 2016-17. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with seven treatments such as weed free, weedy check, pendimethalin 2.5L/ha, pendimethalin 2.5L/ha + clodinofop 400 g/ha, pendimethalin 2.5L/ha + sulfosulfuron 32.5g/ha , pendimethalin 2.5L/ha + pinoxaden 1000 ml/ ha, pendimethalin 2.5L/ha + atlantis 400g/ha and replicated thrice. Results revealed that pendimethalin 2.5 L/ha + atlantis 400g/ha was found effective to control weed population and produced higher number of grains per ear and enhanced grain yield upto 62.3 per cent over weedy check.
Effect of Organic and Inorganic Manurial Combinations on Turmeric (Curcuma Lo...inventionjournals
The document summarizes a study that evaluated the effects of organic and inorganic manure combinations on the growth, yield, and quality of turmeric. The study found that a treatment of 50% nitrogen from urea and 50% from poultry manure (T5) significantly increased plant growth parameters, yield, and curcumin content compared to the control of recommended doses of only inorganic fertilizers (T0). Specifically, T5 led to the highest fresh rhizome yield of 154.18 q/ha, dry rhizome yield of 34.73 q/ha, and curcumin content of 5.2%. The improved results from T5 are likely due to the beneficial effects of poultry man
This poster presentation summarizes organic farming and organic food production. Organic farming relies on techniques like crop rotation, green manure, compost and biological pest control to maintain soil productivity without using chemicals. India ranks 8th in the world for organic agricultural land and is the largest producer of organic products. As of 2021, over 4 million hectares in India are under organic certification and India produces over 3.4 million metric tons of certified organic products annually, exporting around 888 thousand metric tons worth over 70 billion rupees. The presentation concludes that organic farming is a sustainable and eco-friendly way to produce value-added organic food and create a cleaner environment.
This document reports on a study that investigated the effects of various radiomimetic agents (EMS, MMS, MES) on plant height and pod numbers in two varieties of Trigonella foenum graecum L. (fenugreek). The study found that treatment with these agents generally increased plant height and pod numbers compared to untreated control plants. Specifically, 0.3% MMS increased plant height and pod numbers the most in the Desi methi variety, while 0.1% MES and 0.3% MMS increased height and pod numbers respectively the most in the Kasuri methi variety. The results indicate that these radiomimetic agents have potential for inducing mutations to improve crop yields
moisture regimes and sulphur on growth and effect on mustard DHANUKA AGRI ACADEMY
This document outlines a study on the effect of moisture regimes and sulphur on the growth and yield of mustard under drip irrigation. The study will evaluate 4 moisture regimes (irrigation levels) and 4 sulphur levels in a strip plot design with 3 replications. Plant observations will include growth parameters, yield attributes and economic analysis. The goal is to determine the optimal irrigation and sulphur levels for maximizing mustard growth, yield and profits under drip irrigation conditions.
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This ppt prepared by santosh raut as doctorial seminar
( Ph.D/Agronomy)
This ppt useful for students, all those related agriculture and other peoples. This ppt provide useful information related to organic rice with including reference/ case studies .
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Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences aims to create an environment for researchers to introduce, share, read, and discuss recent scientific progress. We adopt the policy of providing open access to readers who may be interested in recent developments. The journal is an open access, international, double-blind peer-reviewed journal publishing research articles, Invited reviews, short communications, and letters to the Editor in the field of agriculture, fisheries, veterinary, biology, and closely related disciplines. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences is being published online biannually as of 2007.
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Influence of inorganic nutrient, organic nutrient and bio-fertilizer on growth, yield and quality of cumin black (Nigella sativa L.) in eastern Himalayan region of West Bengal
1. ~ 2571 ~
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2018; 7(2): 2571-2575
E-ISSN: 2278-4136
P-ISSN: 2349-8234
JPP 2018; 7(2): 2571-2575
Received: 20-01-2018
Accepted: 21-02-2018
Aradhana Sen
Department of Vegetable and
Spice Crops, Uttar Banga Krishi
Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari,
Coochbehar, West Bengal, India
P Choudhuri
Department of Vegetable
Science, Bidhan Chandra Krishi
Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur,
Nadia, West Bengal, India
R. Chatterjee
Department of Vegetable and
Spice Crops, Uttar Banga Krishi
Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari,
Coochbehar, West Bengal, India
JC Jana
Department of Vegetable and
Spice Crops, Uttar Banga Krishi
Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari,
Coochbehar, West Bengal, India
Correspondence
Aradhana Sen
Department of Vegetable and
Spice Crops, Uttar Banga Krishi
Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari,
Coochbehar, West Bengal, India
Influence of inorganic nutrient, organic nutrient
and bio-fertilizer on growth, yield and quality of
cumin black (Nigella sativa L.) in eastern
Himalayan region of West Bengal
Aradhana Sen, P Choudhuri, R Chatterjee and JC Jana
Abstract
The cumin black (var. Rajendra Shyama) was cultivated on field under treatments including three nutrient
sources i.e., inorganic fertilizer, farmyard manure and bio-fertilizer Azophos. Inorganic fertilizers were
applied in three levels viz., no fertilizer (C0), 75% of recommended dose (C1) and 100% of recommended
dose (C2); farm yard manure (FYM) and Azophos was applied in two levels viz., with (F1) and without (F0)
FYM; with (B1) and without (B0) bio-fertilizer. The results showed that C2 recorded maximum plant height
(52.37 cm), leaf chlorophyll (12.37 SPAD), seed per capsule (89.62) and yield per plant (2.06 g). F1 showed
positive influence resulting higher values for plant height (49.38 cm), yield per plant (1.95 g) and seed oil
content (32.07 mg/g). B1 showed higher leaf chlorophyll (12.56 SPAD), seed per capsule (88.72), yield per
plant (1.67g), and oil content (32.27 mg/g) over control treatments. The highest seed oil content was
recorded when F1 was used in combination with C2, which was 15.22% higher over C2 alone.
Keywords: cumin black, bio-fertilizer, nutrient source, yield
Introduction
Cumin black (Nigella sativa L.) is an important seed spice having immense pharmacological
potentiality and often considered as miracle medicinal herb. The seeds are used to prepare a
highly prized nutritive oil which have been used since many centuries for curing various
ailments, widely mentioned in sacred texts and its presence is also reported in Tutenkhamen
tomb which gives it a spirituous importance (Padhye et al., 2008) [14]
. Cumin black is also
reported to be used since long back in the Indian traditional system of medicine like Unani and
Ayurveda, even Muslims considers it as one of the greatest forms of healing medicine available
because of its mention in one of the Prophetic hadith that black seed is the remedy for all diseases
except death. It is also recommended to use on regular basis in Prophetic Medicine (Al-Bukhari,
1976) [3]
. Globally, the demand for black cumin seed oil is growing in a faster pace (Padhye et
al., 2008) [14]
. Garby et al. 2015 stated that Agrarian oil cooperatives in Morocco, are
incorporating large-scale production of Nigella seed oil as potential income source. The oil
content of seeds is influenced by various factors like: variety or cultivar, cultural practices,
nutritional sources, place of cultivation, processing methods etc (Aytac et al., 2017, Tulukcu.,
2011 and Kara et al., 2014) [5, 18, 13]
. Among the different factors, nutritional sources significantly
influenced the oil content of the seeds and excessive use of chemical fertilizers showed reduction
in seed oil content (Aytac et al., 2017) [5]
. However, incorporation of more amount of organic
source of nutrients significantly improved the oil content of the seeds (Zahedifard et al., 2014)
[21]
. eastern Himalayan region of West Bengal which is basically terai zone is characterized light
soil coupled with high rainfall resulting poor nutrient holding capacity and low organic matter
content in soil. Farmers of this zone do not cultivate cumin black on commercial scale. But it
has immense potential. But no systematic research works have been carried out on the influence
of different nutrient sources on cumin black. Hence the present experiment was undertaken to
evaluate the influence of different nutrient sources and their interaction upon growth, yield and
quality attributes of cumin black.
Materials and Methods
The present experiment was conducted at the Instructional Farm of Uttar Banga Krishi
Viswavidyalaya, Pundbari, Cooch Behar West Bengal, India during rabi seasons of 2015 and
2016. Geographically the Farm is situated at 260
19’ 86” N latitude and 890 23’ 53”E longitude,
at an elevation of 43 meter above mean sea level. The area lies under the terai agro climatic zone
of West Bengal. The soil was sandy loam in nature, coarse in texture, poor in water holding
2. ~ 2572 ~
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry
capacity with low pH(5.84).the soil was low in organic carbon
(0.88 %), low in available nitrogen (153.12 kg/ha),phosphorus
(19.49 kg/ha) and potassium (125.05 kg/ha). The experiment
was laid out in Factorial RBD with three replications. Three
nutrient sources namely inorganic fertilizers (C), Farmyard
manure (F) and bio-fertilizer (B) were used in different
proportion. Inorganic fertilizers were applied in three levels
viz., no fertilizer (C0), 75% of the recommended dose of
fertilizers (C1) and 100% of the recommended dose of
fertilizers (C2), whereas farm yard manure (FYM) was applied
in two levels viz., no FYM (F0), 100% recommended dose of
FYM (F1).Two levels of bio-fertilizer viz. -with bio-fertilizer
(B1) and without bio-fertilizer (B0) were applied. Cumin black
Seeds (variety Rajendra Shyama) were sown during third week
of November in plots of 3 m x 1.5 m. Inorganic fertilizers
(30:40:45 kg NPK/ha) along with FYM (15 t/ha) and Azophos
bio-fertilizer (25g/kg seed) were used and standard cultural
practices were adopted to raise the crop. In order to isolate the
oil of the seeds, the seeds were extracted by using a Soxhlet
apparatus (60°C, 500 ml flask) for 4 hours by solvent
distillation method using hexane as solvent in Socsplus- SCR
04R. Number of seeds per capsule were counted by opening the
capsule and manually counting the seeds. Two years data from
different treatments were statistically analyzed by employing
factorial RBD at 5% level of significance. OP STAT statistical
software was used for analysis of data.
Results and Discussion
The result of the present experiment showed that increase in
dose of chemical fertilizer significantly influenced most of the
growth, yield and quality attributes and 100 % recommended
dose of chemical fertilizer resulted in significant higher plant
height (52.37 cm), leaf chlorophyll content (12.37 SPAD), seed
per capsule (89.62), and yield per plant (2.06 g). Yimam et al.
2015 also reported that increasing the dose of the fertilizers
increased the growth and yield parameters in cumin black. The
highest oil content (32.41 mg/g) was found in 75% dose of
chemical fertilizer for both the years which was 3.15 % higher
than 100 % chemical fertilizer dose. The result is in conformity
with the findings of Sardoei et al. 2014 in cumin (Cuminum
cyminum) who reported that increased rate of fertilizer dose
decreased the seed oil yield. However the number of primary
branches (6.62), secondary branches (12.04), capsule per plant
(17.68) were found significant with the highest dose of
chemical fertilizer in the first year but found statistically non
significant in second year.
In case of organic manure, application of farmyard manure (15
t/ha) recorded the highest plant height (49.38 cm) and yield per
plant (1.95 g), oil content (32.07 mg/g) for both the years. The
treatment recorded 59.84% higher seed yield 12.49 % more oil
content over control.
In case of bio-fertilizer, seed inoculation with Azophos bio-
fertilizer gave higher leaf chlorophyll content (12.56 SPAD),
seed per capsule (88.72), yield per plot (200.97 g). Which was
6.62 % higher seed per capsule and 11.33 % more seed yield
per plant over the control. Farvani et al. 2012 also found that
application of bio-fertilizers significantly improved growth,
quality and yield attributes of cumin black. Bio-fertilizer
treatments also recorded higher oil content (32.27 mg/g) and
1000 seed weight (3.13 g) for both the year over the control.
Abadi et al. (1) also recorded maximum oil content in black
cumin treated with Mycorrhiza over the controlled treatment.
Ghilavizadeh et al. 2013, Darzi et al. 2013 and Tajpoor et al.
2013 also reported higher oil yield of different seed spices in
presence of bio-fertilizer as compared to sole application.
The data observed for interaction effect showed that the
interaction effect of inorganic fertilizer and organic manure
(C2F1) recorded the highest leaf chlorophyll content (13.6
SPAD), seed per capsule (93.65), yield per plant (2.56 g) and
oil content (33.70 mg/g) for both the years. Seed yield per plant
was 65.16% higher over the sole 100% chemical fertilizer.
Similarly seed oil content was 17.75% and 31.85% higher over
the sole 100% chemical fertilizer and control respectively.
Iman and Pariari, 2007 also found similar results for coriander
seed yield when vermicompost along with urea was applied.
Interaction of chemical fertilizer and bio-fertilizer was found
significant for yield per plant (2.00g) when 100% dose of
fertilizer applied with Azophos bio-fertiizer where as oil
content was found maximum for 75% of fertilizer dose with
Azophos for both the years. The oil content was increased by
15.22% over the sole application of full dose of chemical
fertilizer. Abdel-Azieza et al. 2013 observed that productivity
and quality of cumin black was improved when Azotobacter
bio-fertilizer was applied along with half dose of nitrogen
fertilizers. Shirmohammadi et al. 2014 also observed that plant
height, number of capsules, number of seeds per capsules and
seed yield of black cumin was significantly influenced by
combined application of biological phosphate (bacterial strain
Pseudomonas putida) and chemical phosphorous.
Interaction effect of organic manure and Azophos showed
significant influence and recorded highest plant height (51.81
cm) and yield per plant (2.06 g) when farmyard manure and
Azophos inoculated seeds were used. It was also observed that
oil content (33.46 mg/g) was significantly increased when
farmyard manure and Azophos were applied together which
was 9.06% higher over the sole application of organic manure.
Azzaz et al. 2009 found that interaction of organic manure and
bio-fertilizer was effective in fennel plants growth and
vegetative characters. Ghanepasand et al. 2014 reported that
combined use of nitrogen fixing bacteria and manure is more
effective in cumin black. Ali and Hassan 2014 observed similar
results and stated that volatile and fixed oil content of cumin
black increased when cattle manure and bio fertilizers (NFB +
PSB) were used as compared to control. Valadabadi and
Farhani 2011 also supported that oil content was increased
when animal manure and Azotobacter was applied together.
4. ~ 2574 ~
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry
C0 F0 13.97 13.07 13.52 81.20 80.83 81.02 0.67 0.69 0.68 25.92 25.19 25.56
C0F1 14.52 12.03 13.28 81.37 82.43 81.90 1.22 1.14 1.18 29.76 29.38 29.57
C1F0 15.11 14.17 14.64 80.07 83.40 81.74 1.50 1.37 1.44 31.49 31.19 31.34
C1F1 15.94 15.47 15.71 84.17 85.90 85.04 2.15 2.07 2.11 33.26 32.60 32.93
C2F0 14.62 14.07 14.35 82.67 83.53 83.10 1.59 1.52 1.55 28.38 28.86 28.62
C2F1 21.68 20.33 21.01 91.82 95.47 93.65 2.62 2.50 2.56 33.60 33.80 33.70
S. Em± 0.67 2.19 0.37 1.39 1.74 1.26 0.19 0.17 0.23 0.42 0.47 0.45
C. D. (0.05) 1.97 NS 1.15 4.07 5.10 3.73 0.54 0.49 0.66 1.23 1.38 1.25
Inorganic fertilizers with bio-fertilizer
C0B0 13.55 12.27 12.91 79.97 82.43 81.20 0.89 0.83 0.86 25.38 24.78 25.08
C0B1 14.94 12.53 13.74 86.30 84.83 85.57 1.00 1.00 1.00 30.3 29.8 30.05
C1B0 15.87 13.10 14.49 80.33 82.03 81.18 1.73 1.52 1.63 30.93 30.57 30.75
C1B1 20.18 17.53 18.86 88.90 88.27 88.59 1.92 1.92 1.92 33.82 33.23 33.53
C2B0 16.40 15.83 16.12 86.92 87.57 87.25 2.02 1.99 2.00 29.26 28.93 29.1
C2B1 19.90 18.57 19.24 92.57 91.43 92.00 2.19 2.03 2.11 32.72 33.77 33.22
S. Em± 0.67 2.19 0.37 1.39 1.74 1.26 0.18 0.20 0.23 0.42 0.47 0.45
C. D. (0.05) 1.97 NS 1.15 NS NS NS 0.51 0.57 0.67 1.22 1.38 1.25
Organic manure with bio-fertilizer
F0B0 13.41 12.64 13.03 80.62 82.02 81.32 1.21 1.11 1.16 26.3 25.57 25.94
F0B1 16.72 15.89 16.31 81.47 83.49 82.48 1.30 1.28 1.29 30.89 31.26 31.08
F1B0 15.80 15.02 15.41 82.19 85.00 83.60 1.89 1.79 1.84 30.74 30.61 30.68
F1B1 18.96 16.87 17.92 88.04 90.87 89.46 2.11 2.02 2.06 33.67 33.25 33.46
S. Em± 0.55 1.79 0.30 1.13 1.42 1.03 0.23 0.21 0.19 0.38 0.34 0.36
C. D. (0.05) NS NS NS NS NS NS 0.66 0.62 0.54 1.11 1.00 1.06
NS: non significant
Conclusion
The findings of the experiment showed that maximum seed
yield and oil content of cumin black was obtained when
farmyard manure was used in combination with 100%
chemical fertilizers. Therefore, application of chemical
fertilizer along with the organic manure may be promoted to
obtain higher yield and quality cumin black seeds in Eastern
Himalayan region of West Bengal.
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