Grafting
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Grafting of Vegetables
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Production technology of Sweet Potato.pptx
This document provides information about sweet potatoes, including their botanical details, distribution, production levels in India and major producing states, differences between tuberous and ordinary roots, nutritional value, varieties, and cultivation practices. Some key points:
- China is the largest global producer and consumer of sweet potatoes. India accounts for 3.22% of global area and 1.88% of production.
- Sweet potatoes are highly heterozygous and hexaploid plants that produce tuberous roots for food.
- They are nutrient-dense and rich in vitamin C, B6, dietary fiber, and beta-carotene depending on variety.
- Common varieties grown in India differ in root shape, size
The Production technology of Cassava.pptx
1. Cassava is a perennial shrub grown for its starchy tuberous roots and is an important food crop in tropical and subtropical regions.
2. India is one of the top producers of cassava globally, with Tamil Nadu producing over 80% of the country's total cassava.
3. Cassava can be grown year-round in irrigated conditions or during the rainy seasons in rainfed areas. It is drought tolerant and can grow in low fertility soils.
CAULIFLOWER.pptx
Cauliflower is a variety of the species Brassica oleracea cultivated for its edible curd. It originated in the Mediterranean region and was introduced to India in the 19th century. It is widely grown for its white curds which are high in vitamins and minerals. There are two main types - tropical/Indian types which can tolerate higher temperatures, and European/temperate types. Cauliflower requires cool weather and precise temperatures during growth to form good curds. It is cultivated across India and China, with China being the world's top producer. Proper soil nutrition, weed management, irrigation and harvesting are important for high yields.
Sweet Potato.docx
Sweet potato is a perennial vine grown as an annual crop for its edible tuberous roots. It is native to South America but widely cultivated globally, especially in China, Africa, and parts of Asia and the US. The top producers are China, Nigeria, and Tanzania. In India, it is mainly grown in Odisha, UP, West Bengal, and other eastern states. Sweet potato comes in many varieties that differ in skin and flesh color. It is nutritious, providing carbohydrates, vitamin A, C, B6, and minerals. China is the largest producer and consumer. Sweet potato is propagated through vine cuttings and grows best in warm climates with adequate moisture. Proper post-
Physiological disorder of cole crops.pptx
Physiological disorder of cole crops. Symptoms, control, causes
Isabgol
1. Isabgol, also known as psyllium or Plantago ovata, is an annual herb native to the Mediterranean region and West Asia that is cultivated in India, especially in Gujarat and Rajasthan, for its husk and seeds.
2. The plant grows to 10-15 cm tall with alternately arranged leaves and terminal spikes of flowers that produce capsules containing translucent, concavo-convex seeds.
3. Isabgol husk and seeds are used medicinally as an anti-diarrheal and to treat constipation and intestinal disorders due to their cooling, demulcent, and laxative properties. They are also used in industries like dyeing, cal
Guggul
Guggul is a resin extracted from the Commiphora wightii tree through incisions made on the stem. It has a bitter taste and balsamic odor. The resin contains ketonic steroids, gum, volatile oils, and diterpenoids. Guggul has many health benefits and is used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat high cholesterol, obesity, arthritis, and other conditions. The tree is cultivated for its medicinal properties, with commercial cultivation increasing in response to demand for herbal medicines. Proper soil, climate, propagation methods, tapping, and protection from termites are required to successfully cultivate the guggul tree.
Ashwagandha
- Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is an herb that grows as an under shrub in parts of India and Africa. Its root and leaves are used medicinally.
- The herb contains alkaloids and withanolides that have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and other health benefits such as reducing anxiety.
- It is cultivated mainly in India, preferring well-draining soils in a temperature range of 20-32 degrees C. Seeds are sown and seedlings transplanted before monsoon season rains.
- Mature plants are harvested after 6-7 months when leaves dry and berries turn red. Roots are cleaned and dried, yielding on average 3-5 quint
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Production technology of Sweet Potato.pptx
This document provides information about sweet potatoes, including their botanical details, distribution, production levels in India and major producing states, differences between tuberous and ordinary roots, nutritional value, varieties, and cultivation practices. Some key points:
- China is the largest global producer and consumer of sweet potatoes. India accounts for 3.22% of global area and 1.88% of production.
- Sweet potatoes are highly heterozygous and hexaploid plants that produce tuberous roots for food.
- They are nutrient-dense and rich in vitamin C, B6, dietary fiber, and beta-carotene depending on variety.
- Common varieties grown in India differ in root shape, size
The Production technology of Cassava.pptx
1. Cassava is a perennial shrub grown for its starchy tuberous roots and is an important food crop in tropical and subtropical regions.
2. India is one of the top producers of cassava globally, with Tamil Nadu producing over 80% of the country's total cassava.
3. Cassava can be grown year-round in irrigated conditions or during the rainy seasons in rainfed areas. It is drought tolerant and can grow in low fertility soils.
CAULIFLOWER.pptx
Cauliflower is a variety of the species Brassica oleracea cultivated for its edible curd. It originated in the Mediterranean region and was introduced to India in the 19th century. It is widely grown for its white curds which are high in vitamins and minerals. There are two main types - tropical/Indian types which can tolerate higher temperatures, and European/temperate types. Cauliflower requires cool weather and precise temperatures during growth to form good curds. It is cultivated across India and China, with China being the world's top producer. Proper soil nutrition, weed management, irrigation and harvesting are important for high yields.
Sweet Potato.docx
Sweet potato is a perennial vine grown as an annual crop for its edible tuberous roots. It is native to South America but widely cultivated globally, especially in China, Africa, and parts of Asia and the US. The top producers are China, Nigeria, and Tanzania. In India, it is mainly grown in Odisha, UP, West Bengal, and other eastern states. Sweet potato comes in many varieties that differ in skin and flesh color. It is nutritious, providing carbohydrates, vitamin A, C, B6, and minerals. China is the largest producer and consumer. Sweet potato is propagated through vine cuttings and grows best in warm climates with adequate moisture. Proper post-
Physiological disorder of cole crops.pptx
Physiological disorder of cole crops. Symptoms, control, causes
Isabgol
1. Isabgol, also known as psyllium or Plantago ovata, is an annual herb native to the Mediterranean region and West Asia that is cultivated in India, especially in Gujarat and Rajasthan, for its husk and seeds.
2. The plant grows to 10-15 cm tall with alternately arranged leaves and terminal spikes of flowers that produce capsules containing translucent, concavo-convex seeds.
3. Isabgol husk and seeds are used medicinally as an anti-diarrheal and to treat constipation and intestinal disorders due to their cooling, demulcent, and laxative properties. They are also used in industries like dyeing, cal
Guggul
Guggul is a resin extracted from the Commiphora wightii tree through incisions made on the stem. It has a bitter taste and balsamic odor. The resin contains ketonic steroids, gum, volatile oils, and diterpenoids. Guggul has many health benefits and is used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat high cholesterol, obesity, arthritis, and other conditions. The tree is cultivated for its medicinal properties, with commercial cultivation increasing in response to demand for herbal medicines. Proper soil, climate, propagation methods, tapping, and protection from termites are required to successfully cultivate the guggul tree.
Ashwagandha
- Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is an herb that grows as an under shrub in parts of India and Africa. Its root and leaves are used medicinally.
- The herb contains alkaloids and withanolides that have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and other health benefits such as reducing anxiety.
- It is cultivated mainly in India, preferring well-draining soils in a temperature range of 20-32 degrees C. Seeds are sown and seedlings transplanted before monsoon season rains.
- Mature plants are harvested after 6-7 months when leaves dry and berries turn red. Roots are cleaned and dried, yielding on average 3-5 quint
Artemesia
The document provides information about Artemisia annua Linn., including its scientific name, family, local names, origin, plant parts used, description, major constituents, uses, production areas, varieties, cultivation methods, insect pests and diseases, harvesting, processing, expected yield, and cultivation calendar. It describes A. annua as an annual herb with sweet aromatic odor, used mainly for its constituent artemisinin, which is an effective anti-malarial compound. It provides details on growing the crop from seed sowing and nursery establishment through field preparation, transplantation, care, irrigation, and pest and disease management. Harvesting is recommended at full bloom for highest artemisinin content. The crop yields
Aloevera
Aloe is a perennial plant native to Africa and the Mediterranean. It grows well in hot, dry climates and tolerates a wide range of soils. The leaves contain a gel with various health benefits including wound healing, immune support, and digestion. It is cultivated commercially for its medicinal and cosmetic uses. Major producers include Africa, China, USA, and parts of India. Propagation is through suckers or rhizome cuttings. With proper irrigation and fertilization, annual yields of 40-55 tons of leaves can be obtained from one hectare. The leaves and gel are used in foods, drinks, and cosmetics.
Abiotic stress classification and factors
This document summarizes a seminar on breeding crops for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. It discusses how abiotic stresses like high/low temperatures, drought, salinity, and toxicity reduce crop yields worldwide by 65-87% on average. It describes how stresses cause oxidative stress in plants by producing reactive oxygen species. It then outlines various abiotic stress factors and how they impact plants, as well as stress tolerance mechanisms employed by plants, such as osmoprotectants and heat avoidance through transpirational cooling or leaf rolling. Finally, it provides examples of crop varieties that are tolerant to high temperatures, humidity, drought, and other stresses.
training and pruning methods of cucurbits
Pruning and training cucurbitaceous vegetable crops can improve their growth, yield and fruit quality. Research has found that pruning lateral branches on cucumber at 60cm from the base increased fruit number and yield. For bottle gourd, pruning all branches up to 45cm and pinching the vine at the 6th node improved flowering and yield. Training vines on structures like trellises also increased yields of crops like bitter gourd and pumpkin compared to no training. Different training systems like bower, T-trellis and umbrella produced higher yields than ground cultivation for various cucurbits.
Spong gourd
This document provides information about sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica), including its botanical name, other names, origin in South Asia and Southeast Asia, major production areas in India, uses, health benefits, varieties grown in India, climate and soil requirements, cultivation practices from land preparation to harvesting, yield, and pests and diseases. The key varieties grown are Pusa Chikni, Pusa Supriya, Pusa Sneha, Azad Taroi-1, and Azad Taroi-2. Sponge gourd is cultivated for its fruit and as a medicinal plant.
Ridge gourd
Ridge gourd is a climbing vine grown for its edible fruit. It is commonly called Sirola in Gujarati, Dodka in Marathi, and Beerakaya in Telugu. It is a good source of dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals that can aid in weight loss, lower blood sugar levels, and improve digestion. Several commercial varieties of ridge gourd have been developed for cultivation in different parts of India, with yields ranging from 10 to 30 tons per hectare depending on the variety and growing conditions. Ridge gourd thrives in warm temperatures between 25-35°C and requires well-draining soil with ample sunlight for optimal growth.
Influence of inorganic nutrient, organic nutrient and bio-fertilizer on growt...
Abstract
The cumin black (var. Rajendra Shyama) was cultivated on field under treatments including three nutrient sources i.e., inorganic fertilizer, farmyard manure and bio-fertilizer Azophos. Inorganic fertilizers were applied in three levels viz., no fertilizer (C0), 75% of recommended dose (C1) and 100% of recommended dose (C2); farm yard manure (FYM) and Azophos was applied in two levels viz., with (F1) and without (F0) FYM; with (B1) and without (B0) bio-fertilizer. The results showed that C2 recorded maximum plant height (52.37 cm), leaf chlorophyll (12.37 SPAD), seed per capsule (89.62) and yield per plant (2.06 g). F1 showed positive influence resulting higher values for plant height (49.38 cm), yield per plant (1.95 g) and seed oil content (32.07 mg/g). B1 showed higher leaf chlorophyll (12.56 SPAD), seed per capsule (88.72), yield per plant (1.67g), and oil content (32.27 mg/g) over control treatments. The highest seed oil content was recorded when F1 was used in combination with C2, which was 15.22% higher over C2 alone.
Keywords: cumin black, bio-fertilizer, nutrient source, yield
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Artemesia
The document provides information about Artemisia annua Linn., including its scientific name, family, local names, origin, plant parts used, description, major constituents, uses, production areas, varieties, cultivation methods, insect pests and diseases, harvesting, processing, expected yield, and cultivation calendar. It describes A. annua as an annual herb with sweet aromatic odor, used mainly for its constituent artemisinin, which is an effective anti-malarial compound. It provides details on growing the crop from seed sowing and nursery establishment through field preparation, transplantation, care, irrigation, and pest and disease management. Harvesting is recommended at full bloom for highest artemisinin content. The crop yields
Aloevera
Aloe is a perennial plant native to Africa and the Mediterranean. It grows well in hot, dry climates and tolerates a wide range of soils. The leaves contain a gel with various health benefits including wound healing, immune support, and digestion. It is cultivated commercially for its medicinal and cosmetic uses. Major producers include Africa, China, USA, and parts of India. Propagation is through suckers or rhizome cuttings. With proper irrigation and fertilization, annual yields of 40-55 tons of leaves can be obtained from one hectare. The leaves and gel are used in foods, drinks, and cosmetics.
Abiotic stress classification and factors
This document summarizes a seminar on breeding crops for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. It discusses how abiotic stresses like high/low temperatures, drought, salinity, and toxicity reduce crop yields worldwide by 65-87% on average. It describes how stresses cause oxidative stress in plants by producing reactive oxygen species. It then outlines various abiotic stress factors and how they impact plants, as well as stress tolerance mechanisms employed by plants, such as osmoprotectants and heat avoidance through transpirational cooling or leaf rolling. Finally, it provides examples of crop varieties that are tolerant to high temperatures, humidity, drought, and other stresses.
training and pruning methods of cucurbits
Pruning and training cucurbitaceous vegetable crops can improve their growth, yield and fruit quality. Research has found that pruning lateral branches on cucumber at 60cm from the base increased fruit number and yield. For bottle gourd, pruning all branches up to 45cm and pinching the vine at the 6th node improved flowering and yield. Training vines on structures like trellises also increased yields of crops like bitter gourd and pumpkin compared to no training. Different training systems like bower, T-trellis and umbrella produced higher yields than ground cultivation for various cucurbits.
Spong gourd
This document provides information about sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica), including its botanical name, other names, origin in South Asia and Southeast Asia, major production areas in India, uses, health benefits, varieties grown in India, climate and soil requirements, cultivation practices from land preparation to harvesting, yield, and pests and diseases. The key varieties grown are Pusa Chikni, Pusa Supriya, Pusa Sneha, Azad Taroi-1, and Azad Taroi-2. Sponge gourd is cultivated for its fruit and as a medicinal plant.
Ridge gourd
Ridge gourd is a climbing vine grown for its edible fruit. It is commonly called Sirola in Gujarati, Dodka in Marathi, and Beerakaya in Telugu. It is a good source of dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals that can aid in weight loss, lower blood sugar levels, and improve digestion. Several commercial varieties of ridge gourd have been developed for cultivation in different parts of India, with yields ranging from 10 to 30 tons per hectare depending on the variety and growing conditions. Ridge gourd thrives in warm temperatures between 25-35°C and requires well-draining soil with ample sunlight for optimal growth.
Influence of inorganic nutrient, organic nutrient and bio-fertilizer on growt...
Abstract
The cumin black (var. Rajendra Shyama) was cultivated on field under treatments including three nutrient sources i.e., inorganic fertilizer, farmyard manure and bio-fertilizer Azophos. Inorganic fertilizers were applied in three levels viz., no fertilizer (C0), 75% of recommended dose (C1) and 100% of recommended dose (C2); farm yard manure (FYM) and Azophos was applied in two levels viz., with (F1) and without (F0) FYM; with (B1) and without (B0) bio-fertilizer. The results showed that C2 recorded maximum plant height (52.37 cm), leaf chlorophyll (12.37 SPAD), seed per capsule (89.62) and yield per plant (2.06 g). F1 showed positive influence resulting higher values for plant height (49.38 cm), yield per plant (1.95 g) and seed oil content (32.07 mg/g). B1 showed higher leaf chlorophyll (12.56 SPAD), seed per capsule (88.72), yield per plant (1.67g), and oil content (32.27 mg/g) over control treatments. The highest seed oil content was recorded when F1 was used in combination with C2, which was 15.22% higher over C2 alone.
Keywords: cumin black, bio-fertilizer, nutrient source, yield
More from Dr. Aradhana Sen (7)
Influence of inorganic nutrient, organic nutrient and bio-fertilizer on growt...
Influence of inorganic nutrient, organic nutrient and bio-fertilizer on growt...
Grafting
- 1. परिचय कलम दो अलग -अलग पौधोों को एकीकरण करने की एक कला है ताकक वे दोनोों पौधोों (वोंशज तथा मूलम्) क े चररत्र वाले एक पौधे क े रूप में कवककित हो िक ें । लाभ • न्यूनतम क ृ कि रिायन कनर्भरता • जडोों द्वारा पोिक तत्ोों क े अवशोिण में वृद्धि • एक पौधे पर कई फिल। जैिे। पोमाटो और बमाभटो • िख्ती, पूवभवती, बेहतर उपज और गुणवत्ता में िुधार • कमट्टी-जकनत रोगजनकोों क े िोंक्रमण में कमी • बाढ़, मिौदा और लवणता जैिे अजैकवक तनाव क े कवरुि िकहष्णुता में वृद्धि • र्ूकम उपयोग की दक्षता में वृद्धि सब्जिय ों क े ललए ग्राब्जटोंग तिीक े लिद्र सब्जिलन कलम लिह्वा कलम एक बीिपत्र/ब्याह कलम ट्यूब कलम लिदीर्ण कलम उपचािात्मक कक्ष तकनीक • मूलम् अोंक ु र पररक्षण: 1.6 ~ 1.8 कममी क े तने क े व्याि क े िाथ तीिरे वास्तकवक पत्ती का उद्भव • िमय: प्रातः काल या िूयाभस्त क े बाद (इष्टतम आर्द्भता क े दौरान) • तापमान 28-30 oC बनाए रखें • कलम कनमाभण िे 24 घोंटे पहले किोंचाई करें • उपचार क े दौरान िोंक्रमण िे बचने क े कलए किोंचाई न करें • कलम िोंघ कबन्दु को रोपाई क े िमय कमट्टी क े ऊपर रखें िोलनम टोरवम िोलनम मैक्रोोंथम बमाणट प माट शाक पालन में कलम तकनीक का महत्व शाक मूलम् लाभ तरबूज जोंगली तरबूज, स्क्व ै श और लौकी नेमाटोड प्रकतरोध खीरा स्क्व ै श, कद् दू , लौकी नेमाटोड प्रकतरोध खरबूजा कद् दू और जोंगली तरबूज नेमाटोड प्रकतरोध करेला तुरई नेमाटोड प्रकतरोध टमाटर बैंगन बाढ़ िकहष्णुता बैंगन जोंगली प्रजाकतयााँ (िोलनम टोरवम तथा िोलनम मैक्रोोंथम) मृदा जकनत रोग िहनशीलता और फलोों की गुणवत्ता कशमला कमचभ कमचभ मृदा जकनत रोग और बाढ़ िहनशीलता उद्यान महालिद्यालय,