The automotive industry in India has experienced significant growth in recent decades. It is now the seventh largest producer of vehicles worldwide, with annual production exceeding 11 million vehicles and exports of around 1.5 million vehicles. Major automakers like Hyundai, Nissan, and General Motors are exporting hundreds of thousands of vehicles manufactured in India to global markets each year. India has emerged as a leading center for small car manufacturing due to its strong engineering capabilities and expertise in producing low-cost and fuel-efficient vehicles. However, continued growth will depend on the broader economy sustaining its expansion.
Motor Accident Claim Petitions (MACP) Reference Manual Updated upto March 2014 Legal
I suppose this Manual would be helpful for the Judges, Lawyers and litigants. All efforts are made to see that all points are covered. I have tried my level best to cover latest ratios laid down by the Hon'ble Apex Court and Hon'ble High Courts. If you find any mistake, please let me know on the mail id given in this Manual.
Motor Accident Claim Petitions (MACP) Reference Manual Updated upto March 2014 Legal
I suppose this Manual would be helpful for the Judges, Lawyers and litigants. All efforts are made to see that all points are covered. I have tried my level best to cover latest ratios laid down by the Hon'ble Apex Court and Hon'ble High Courts. If you find any mistake, please let me know on the mail id given in this Manual.
MAJOR CHALLENGES THE CAR INDUSTRY IS STRUGGLINGVARUN KESAVAN
In February, Honda said it would close its Swindon plant by 2021, with the loss of about 3,500 roles, while Jaguar Land Rover and Nissan are also cutting production and jobs.
It comes as carmakers around the globe struggle with a range of challenges, while consumers are buying fewer cars.
MAJOR CHALLENGES THE CAR INDUSTRY IS STRUGGLINGVARUN KESAVAN
In February, Honda said it would close its Swindon plant by 2021, with the loss of about 3,500 roles, while Jaguar Land Rover and Nissan are also cutting production and jobs.
It comes as carmakers around the globe struggle with a range of challenges, while consumers are buying fewer cars.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) ENABLED TRANSPORTATION - DISRUPTING AND OPTIMIZI...ANNATHOMAS89
Transport in developing or emerging markets often faces severe challenges due to growing populations, urbanization, poor infrastructure, and rising prosperity in some regions, increasing cargo volumes, vehicle traffic, and pollution. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers new solutions to these challenges by making market entry more comfortable and allowing countries/geographies to reach underserved populations, creating market opportunities and private sector investment opportunities associated with them.
AUTOMOTIVE TYRE INDUSTRY: RESTRATEGIZING DURING PANDEMICShellyBhede
Tyre manufacturing and its distribution or service shops around the globe have adjusted to a new way of business with safety precautions in the worksite and less foot traffic as efforts to stop the COVID-19 virus spread.
Hii Friends,
Tesla is an electronic car owned by Elon Musk this slide will help you to understand about electric car market and gives you a glimpse of bright future if this new segment of the car in near future.
Ford and the world automobile industry in 2012www..docxhanneloremccaffery
Ford and the world
automobile industry
in 2012
www.foundationsofstrategy.com
At the beginning of 2012, the Chief Financial Offi cer of Ford Motor Company, Lewis Booth,
was reviewing his fi nancial forecasts for 2012-16. Ford’s turnaround since the crisis of
2007-8 had been remarkable. After a loss of $14.7 billion in 2008, Ford earned net profi ts
of $6.6 billion in 2010, and it looked as though Ford’s profi t for 2011 would exceed this.
The recovery had been much more rapid than Booth had expected. Ford’s business plan of
December 2008 projected that it would not break even until 2011.1 Booth attributed the
speed of the turnaround to three factors: fi rst government measures in North America and
Europe to stimulate demand through incentives for scrapping old cars and subsidies for
purchasing new, fuel-effi cient models; second, the recovery of demand in several major
markets including China, India, Brazil and the US; third, Ford’s own restructuring. The “One
Ford” transformation plan introduced in 2006 had closed plants, cut Ford’s workforce from
295 000 at the beginning of 2006 to 148 000 at the end of 2011, sold Jaguar, Land Rover
and Volvo and a large chunk of Mazda; integrated Ford’s global activities; and accelerated
product development including an increasing emphasis on smaller cars.
Despite these successes, Booth looked to the future with much trepidation. Ford’s
performance over the next fi ve years would depend on three main factors: Ford’s ability
to continuing success with its One Ford strategy, the state of the world economy, and
developments in the global automobile industry. On the fi rst of these, Booth had few
doubts. On the second, he realized that, for all the uncertainty, there was little that Ford
could do other than closely monitor the unfolding economic situation and be prepared
to adapt to unforeseeable events. On developments in the global automobile industry,
Booth was perplexed.
The collapse in industry profi tability in 2007-9 and descent into bankruptcy of General
Motors and Chrysler was not simply a consequence of the fi nancial crisis. It also refl ected
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www.foundationsofstrategy.com
[I]nstead of natural selection, something else happened: governments around
the world, from Canada and Brazil to Russia and South Korea, stepped in with
prodigious amounts of cash to keep car plants open and assembly lines running.
All told, automakers have benefi ted from well in excess of $100 billion of direct
bail-out funds or indirect state aid . . . the biggest ever short-term intervention in
manufacturing . . . (T)he money has prevented a necessary shake-out in an industry
that has long had too many producers. Consultants at PwC estimate the industry
has the capacity to build 86 million units this year, almost a record—and 31 million
more than the 55 million ...
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
1. Industry Profile
The automotive industry designs, develops, manufactures, markets, and sells the
world's motor vehicles. The automotive industry is one of the most
important economic sectors by revenue.
The term automotive industry usually does not include industries dedicated to
automobiles after delivery to the customer, such as repair shops and motor
fuel filling stations.
Worldwide Trends
In 2007, worldwide production reached a peak at a total of 73.3 million new motor
vehicles produced worldwide. In 2009, worldwide motor vehicle production
dropped 13.5 percent to 61 million. Sales in the U.S. dropped 21.2 percent to 10.4
million units; sales in the European Union (supported by scrapping incentives in
many markets) dropped 1.3 percent to 14.1 million units. China became the world's
largest motor vehicles market, both by sales as by production. Sales in China rose
45 percent in 2009 to 13.6 million units. In recent years, private Chinese
manufacturers emerge.
About 250 million vehicles are in use in the United States. Around the world, there
were about 806 million cars and light trucks on the road in 2007; they burn over
260 billion gallons of gasoline and diesel fuel yearly. In the opinion of some, urban
transport systems based around the car have proved unsustainable, consuming
excessive energy, affecting the health of populations, and delivering a declining
level of service despite increasing investments. Many of these negative impacts fall
disproportionately on those social groups who are also least likely to own and drive
cars. The sustainable transport movement focuses on solutions to these problems.
History
The first practical automobile with a petrol engine was built by Karl Benz in 1885
in Mannheim, Germany. Benz was granted a patent for his automobile on 29
January 1886, and began the first production of automobiles in 1888, after Bertha
2. Benz, his wife, had proved with the first long-distance trip in August 1888 -
from Mannheim to Pforzheim and back - that the horseless coach was absolutely
suitable for daily use. Since 2008 a Bertha Benz Memorial Route commemorates
this event.
Soon after, Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach in Stuttgart in 1889 designed a
vehicle from scratch to be an automobile, rather than a horse-drawn carriage fitted
with an engine. They also are usually credited as inventors of the
first motorcycle in 1886, but Italy's Enrico Bernardi, of the University of Padua, in
1882, patented a 0.024 horsepower (17.9 W) 122 cc(7.4 cu in) one-cylinder petrol
motor, fitting it into his son's tricycle, making it at least a candidate for the first
automobile, and first motorcycle; Bernardi enlarged the tricycle in 1892 to carry
two adults.
Automotive industry crisis of 2008–2010
The automotive industry crisis of 2008–2010 was a part of a global financial
downturn. The crisis affected European and Asian automobile manufacturers, but it
was primarily felt in the American automobile manufacturing industry. The
downturn also affected Canada by virtue of the Automotive Products Trade
Agreement.
The automotive industry was weakened by a substantial increase in the prices
of automotive fuels linked to the 2003-2008 energy crisis which discouraged
purchases of sport utility vehicles (SUVs) and pickup trucks which have low fuel
economy. The popularity and relatively high profit margins of these vehicles had
encouraged the American "Big Three" automakers, General Motors, Ford,
and Chrysler to make them their primary focus. With fewer fuel-efficient models to
offer to consumers, sales began to slide. By 2008, the situation had turned critical
as the credit crunch placed pressure on the prices of raw materials.
Car companies from Asia, Europe, North America, and elsewhere have
implemented creative marketing strategies to entice reluctant consumers as most
experienced double-digit percentage declines in sales. Major manufacturers,
including the Big Three and Toyota offered substantial discounts across their
lineups. The Big Three faced criticism for their lineups, which were seen to be
3. irresponsible in light of rising fuel prices. North American consumers turned to
higher-quality and more fuel-efficient product of Japanese and European
automakers. However, many of the vehicles perceived to be foreign were actually
"transplants," foreign cars manufactured or assembled in the United States, at
lower cost than true imports.
Effect of 2008 oil price shock and economic crisis
In 2008, a series of damaging blows drove the Big Three to the verge of
bankruptcy. Part of the cause was very high labor costs (much higher than the
foreign plants in the U.S.). The Big Three had in recent years
manufactured SUVs and large pickups, which were much more profitable than
smaller, fuel-efficient cars. Manufacturers made 15% to 20% profit margin on an
SUV, compared to 3% or less on a car. When gasoline prices rose above $4 per
gallon in 2008, Americans stopped buying the big vehicles and Big Three sales and
profitability plummeted. Robert Samuelson has advocated a more consistent
energy policy, arguing "wild swings between low and high fuel prices have
crippled the U.S. industry by erratically shifting buyer preferences -- to and from
SUVs.
The financial crisis played a role, as GM was unable to obtain credit to buy
Chrysler Sales fell further as consumer credit tightened and it became much harder
for people with average or poor credit to obtain a bank loan to buy a car. During
2007, nearly 2 million new U.S. cars were purchased with funds from home equity
loans. Such funding was considerably less available in 2008. In addition, stock
prices fell as shareholders worried about bankruptcy; GM's shares fell below 1946
levels. Furthermore, the instability of the job market and individual consumers'
finances discourages consumers who already have a working vehicle from taking
on a new loan and payments, which affected almost all major manufacturers.
The annual capacity of the industry is 17 million cars; sales in 2008 dropped to an
annual rate of only 10 million vehicles made in the U.S. and Canada. All the
automakers and their vast supplier network account for 2.3% of the U.S. economic
output, down from 3.1% in 2006 and as much as 5% in the 1990s. Some 20% of
the entire national manufacturing sector is still tied to the automobile industry. The
transplants can make a profit when sales are at least 12 million; the Big Three
4. when sales are at least 15 million. The crisis has affected auto companies around
the world, with large sales decreases experienced by all. As of December 19, 2008,
oil prices had fallen to $33.87 per barrel, but the automobile crisis continues.
World motor vehicle production
Year Production Change
1997 52,987,000
1998 57,987,000 -2.70%
1999 56,258,892 2.98%
2000 58,374,162 3.80%
2001 56,304,925 -3.50%
2002 58,994,318 4.80%
2003 60,663,225 2.80%
2004 64,496,220 6.30%
2005 66,482,439 3.10%
2006 69,222,975 4.10%
2007 73,266,061 5.80%
2008 70,520,493 -3.70%
5. 2009 60,986,985 -13.50%
Country 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000
China
Japan
United States
Germany
South Korea 3,512,916
Brazil 3,182,617
India 2,632,694
Spain 2,170,078
France 2,049,762
Mexico 1,557,290
Canada 1,489,651
Iran 1,395,421
United Kingdom 1,090,139
Czech Rep. 974,569
Thailand 968,305
Poland 879,186
Turkey 869,605
Italy 843,239
Russia 722,431
Belgium 522,810
6. INDIA
The Automobile industry in the Republic of India is the seventh largest in the
world with an annual production of over 11 million vehicles and exports of about
1.5 million. In 2009, India emerged as Asia's fourth largest exporter of
automobiles, behind Japan, South Korea and Thailand. By 2050, the country is
expected to top the world in car volumes with approximately 611 million vehicles
on the nation's roads. A major chunk of India's car manufacturing industry is based
in and around the city of Chennai and hence it is known as "Detroit of India".
Chennai accounts for 60 per cent of the country's automotive exports.
History
Following economic liberalization in India in 1991, the Indian automotive industry has
demonstrated sustained growth as a result of increased competitiveness and relaxed
restrictions. Several Indian automobile manufacturers such as Tata Motors, Maruti
Suzuki and Mahindra and Mahindra, expanded their domestic and international
operations. India's robust economic growth led to the further expansion of its domestic
automobile market which attracted significant India-specific investment by
multinational automobile manufacturers. In February 2009, monthly sales of passenger
cars in India exceeded 100,000 units.
The first car ran on India's roads in 1897. Till the 1930s, cars were imported directly.
Embryonic automotive industry emerged in India in the 1940s. Following
the independence, in 1947, the Government of India and the private sector launched
efforts to create an automotive component manufacturing industry to supply to the
automobile industry. However, the growth was relatively slow in the 1950s and 1960s
due to nationalization and the license raj which hampered the Indian private sector.
After 1970, the automotive industry started to grow, but the growth was mainly driven by
tractors, commercial vehicles and scooters. Cars were still a major
luxury. Japanese manufacturers entered the Indian market ultimately leading to the
establishment of Maruti Udyog. A number of foreign firms initiated joint ventures with
Indian companies.
7. In the 1980s, a number of Japanese manufacturers launched joint-ventures for
building motorcycles and light commercial-vehicles. It was at this time that the Indian
government chose Suzuki for its joint-venture to manufacture small cars. Following the
economic liberalization in 1991 and the gradual weakening of the license raj, a number
of Indian and multi-national car companies launched operations. Since then, automotive
component and automobile manufacturing growth has accelerated to meet domestic
and export demands.
Exports
India has emerged as one of the world's largest manufacturers of small cars. According
to New York Times, India's strong engineering base and expertise in the manufacturing
of low-cost, fuel-efficient cars has resulted in the expansion of manufacturing facilities of
several automobile companies like Hyundai
Motors, Nissan, Toyota, Volkswagen and Suzuki.
In 2008, Hyundai Motors alone exported 240,000 cars made in India. Nissan Motors
plans to export 250,000 vehicles manufactured in its India plant by
2011. Similarly, General Motors announced its plans to export about 50,000 cars
manufactured in India by 2011.
In September 2009, Ford Motors announced its plans to setup a plant in India with an
annual capacity of 250,000 cars for US$500 million. The cars will be manufactured both
for the Indian market and for export. The company said that the plant was a part of its
plan to make India the hub for its global production business. Fiat Motors also
announced that it would source more than US$1 billion worth auto components from
India.
According to Bloomberg L.P., in 2009 India surpassed China as Asia's fourth largest
exporter of cars.
In recent years, India has emerged as a leading center for the manufacture of small
cars. Hyundai, the biggest exporter from the country, now ships more than 250,000 cars
annually from India. Apart from shipments to its parent Suzuki, Maruti Suzuki also
manufactures small cars for Nissan, which sells them in Europe. Nissan will also export
small cars from its new Indian assembly line. Tata Motors exports its passenger
8. vehicles to Asian and African markets, and is in preparation to launch electric vehicles
in Europe in 2010. The firm is also planning to launch an electric version of its low-cost
car Nano in Europe and the U.S. Mahindra & Mahindra is preparing to introduce its
pickup trucks and small SUV models in the U.S. market. Bajaj Auto is designing a low-
cost car for the Renault Nissan Automotive India, which will market the product
worldwide. Renault Nissan may also join domestic commercial vehicle
manufacturer Ashok Leyland in another small car project. While the possibilities are
impressive, there are challenges that could thwart future growth of the Indian
automobile industry. Since the demand for automobiles in recent years is directly linked
to overall economic expansion and rising personal incomes, industry growth will slow if
the economy weakens.
Domestic Indian automotive companies
Chinkara Motors: Beachster, Hammer, Roadster 1.8S, Rockster, Jeepster,
Sailster
Hindustan Motors: Ambassador
ICML: Rhino Rx
Mahindra]: Major, Xylo, Scorpio, Bolero
Premier Automobiles Limited: Sigma, RiO
San Motors: Storm
Tata Motors: Nano, Indica, Indica Vista, Indigo, Indigo Manza, Indigo
CS, Sumo, Safari, Xenon, Aria
9. Foreign automotive companies in India
Vehicles manufactured or assembled in India
BMW India: 3 Series, 5 Series.
Fiat India (in collaboration with Tata Motors): Grande Punto, Linea, Palio Stile.
Ford India: Ford Figo, Ikon, Fiesta, Endeavour.
General Motors India
Chevrolet (CSPIL): Spark, Beat, Aveo U-VA, Aveo, Optra, Cruze, Tavera.
Honda Siel: Jazz, City, Civic, Accord.
Hyundai Motor India: Santro, i10, i20, Accent, Verna Transform, Sonata Transform.
Mahindra Renault: Logan
Maruti Suzuki: 800, Alto, WagonR, Estilo, A-star, Ritz, Swift, Swift
DZire, SX4, Omni, Versa, Eeco, Gypsy, Grand Vitara
Mercedes-Benz India: C-Class, E-Class.
Mitsubishi (in collaboration with Hindustan Motors): Lancer, Lancer Cedia
Nissan Motor India: Micra.
Toyota Kirloskar: Corolla, Innova, Camry.
Volkswagen India: Polo, Jetta, Passat.
Audi India: A4, A6, Q5.
10. Škoda Auto India: Fabia, Octavia, Laura,Superb.