![Automotive industry
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The automotive industry is a term that covers a wide range of companies and organisations involved in the
design, development, manufacture, marketing, and selling of motor vehicles, towed
vehicles, motorcycles and mopeds. It is one of the world's most importanteconomic sectors by revenue.
The term automotive industry usually does not include industries dedicated to the maintenance of automobiles
following delivery to the end-user, such as repair shops and motor fuel filling stations.
The term automotive was created from Greek autos (self), and Latin motivus (of motion) to represent any form of
self-powered vehicle. This term was proposed by SAE member Elmer Sperry.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Safety
3 Economy
4 World motor vehicle production
o 4.1 By year
o 4.2 By country
o 4.3 By manufacturer
5 Company relationships
6 Top vehicle manufacturing groups by volume
7 By total production
8 Minor automotive manufacturers
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
[edit]History
The first practical automobile with a petrol engine was built by Karl Benz in 1885 in Mannheim, Germany. Benz
was granted a patent for his automobile on 29 January 1886, and began the first production of automobiles in
1888, after Bertha Benz, his wife, had proved with the first long-distance trip in August 1888 (104 km (65 mi)
from Mannheim to Pforzheim and back) that the horseless coach was absolutely suitable for daily use. Since
2008 a Bertha Benz Memorial Route commemorates this event.
Soon after, in 1889, Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach in Stuttgart designed a vehicle from scratch to be an
automobile, rather than a horse-drawn carriage fitted with an engine. They also are usually credited as inventors](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/automotiveindustry-121220130846-phpapp01/85/Automotive-industry-1-320.jpg)
![of the first motorcycle, the DaimlerReitwagen, in 1885, but Italy's Enrico Bernardi, of the University of Padua, in
1882, patented a 0.024 horsepower (17.9 W) 122 cc(7.4 cu in) one-cylinder petrol motor, fitting it into his
son's tricycle, making it at least a candidate for the first automobile, and first motorcycle.[2]:p.26 Bernardi enlarged
the tricycle in 1892 to carry two adults.[2]:p.26
For many decades, the U.S.A. led the world in total automobile production. In 1929 before the Great Depression,
the world had 32,028,500 automobiles in use, and the US automobile industry produced over 90% of them. At
that time the U.S. had one car per 4.87 persons.[3] After WWII the U.S. issued 3/4 of world's auto production. In
1980 the U.S. was overtaken by Japan and became world's leader again in 1994. In 2006, Japan narrowly
passed the U.S. in production and held this rank until 2009, when China took the top spot with 13.8 million units.
By producing 18.4 million units in 2011, China produced more than twice the number of second place the U.S.
with 8.7 million units, with in Japan third place with 8.4 million units. [4]
[edit]Safety
Today’s vehicles are graded on stricter and more precise parameters than ever before from weight to safety to
durability and anywhere and everywhere in between. New materials have brought out new techniques for
construction and vehicle design.[5] The introduction of plastics has advanced the technology used for making
newer vehicles.[6] New plastics technologies allow manufactures to answer to the call for advancements. Plastics
can be used in various technologies on vehicles for structural safety to visual appearance. These new plastic
innovations allow new technologies to be used in vehicles for safety to comfort purposes. Plastics also allow for
cost effective changes to be made to newer vehicle while still maintaining high safety and comfort requirements
of the industry. These advancements in plastic material usage in modern vehicles are the footholds for the future
of the automotive industry.[7]
[edit]Economy
See also: Automotive industry by country
Around the world, there were about 806 million cars and light trucks on the road in 2007, consuming over 260
billion US gallons (980,000,000 m3) of gasoline and diesel fuel yearly.[8] The automobile is a primary mode of
transportation for many developed economies. The Detroit branch of Boston Consulting Group predicts that, by
2014, one-third of world demand will be in the four BRICmarkets (Brazil, Russia, India and China). Other
potentially powerful automotive markets are Iran and Indonesia.[9] Emerging auto markets already buy more cars
than established markets. According to a J.D. Power study, emerging markets accounted for 51 percent of the
global light-vehicle sales in 2010. The study expects this trend to accelerate.[10][11]
[edit]World motor vehicle production
See also: List of countries by motor vehicle production
[edit]By year
Global production of motorvehicles](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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Automotive industry
- 1. Automotive industry From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The automotive industry is a term that covers a wide range of companies and organisations involved in the design, development, manufacture, marketing, and selling of motor vehicles, towed vehicles, motorcycles and mopeds. It is one of the world's most importanteconomic sectors by revenue. The term automotive industry usually does not include industries dedicated to the maintenance of automobiles following delivery to the end-user, such as repair shops and motor fuel filling stations. The term automotive was created from Greek autos (self), and Latin motivus (of motion) to represent any form of self-powered vehicle. This term was proposed by SAE member Elmer Sperry.[1] Contents [hide] 1 History 2 Safety 3 Economy 4 World motor vehicle production o 4.1 By year o 4.2 By country o 4.3 By manufacturer 5 Company relationships 6 Top vehicle manufacturing groups by volume 7 By total production 8 Minor automotive manufacturers 9 See also 10 References 11 External links [edit]History The first practical automobile with a petrol engine was built by Karl Benz in 1885 in Mannheim, Germany. Benz was granted a patent for his automobile on 29 January 1886, and began the first production of automobiles in 1888, after Bertha Benz, his wife, had proved with the first long-distance trip in August 1888 (104 km (65 mi) from Mannheim to Pforzheim and back) that the horseless coach was absolutely suitable for daily use. Since 2008 a Bertha Benz Memorial Route commemorates this event. Soon after, in 1889, Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach in Stuttgart designed a vehicle from scratch to be an automobile, rather than a horse-drawn carriage fitted with an engine. They also are usually credited as inventors
- 2. of the first motorcycle, the DaimlerReitwagen, in 1885, but Italy's Enrico Bernardi, of the University of Padua, in 1882, patented a 0.024 horsepower (17.9 W) 122 cc(7.4 cu in) one-cylinder petrol motor, fitting it into his son's tricycle, making it at least a candidate for the first automobile, and first motorcycle.[2]:p.26 Bernardi enlarged the tricycle in 1892 to carry two adults.[2]:p.26 For many decades, the U.S.A. led the world in total automobile production. In 1929 before the Great Depression, the world had 32,028,500 automobiles in use, and the US automobile industry produced over 90% of them. At that time the U.S. had one car per 4.87 persons.[3] After WWII the U.S. issued 3/4 of world's auto production. In 1980 the U.S. was overtaken by Japan and became world's leader again in 1994. In 2006, Japan narrowly passed the U.S. in production and held this rank until 2009, when China took the top spot with 13.8 million units. By producing 18.4 million units in 2011, China produced more than twice the number of second place the U.S. with 8.7 million units, with in Japan third place with 8.4 million units. [4] [edit]Safety Today’s vehicles are graded on stricter and more precise parameters than ever before from weight to safety to durability and anywhere and everywhere in between. New materials have brought out new techniques for construction and vehicle design.[5] The introduction of plastics has advanced the technology used for making newer vehicles.[6] New plastics technologies allow manufactures to answer to the call for advancements. Plastics can be used in various technologies on vehicles for structural safety to visual appearance. These new plastic innovations allow new technologies to be used in vehicles for safety to comfort purposes. Plastics also allow for cost effective changes to be made to newer vehicle while still maintaining high safety and comfort requirements of the industry. These advancements in plastic material usage in modern vehicles are the footholds for the future of the automotive industry.[7] [edit]Economy See also: Automotive industry by country Around the world, there were about 806 million cars and light trucks on the road in 2007, consuming over 260 billion US gallons (980,000,000 m3) of gasoline and diesel fuel yearly.[8] The automobile is a primary mode of transportation for many developed economies. The Detroit branch of Boston Consulting Group predicts that, by 2014, one-third of world demand will be in the four BRICmarkets (Brazil, Russia, India and China). Other potentially powerful automotive markets are Iran and Indonesia.[9] Emerging auto markets already buy more cars than established markets. According to a J.D. Power study, emerging markets accounted for 51 percent of the global light-vehicle sales in 2010. The study expects this trend to accelerate.[10][11] [edit]World motor vehicle production See also: List of countries by motor vehicle production [edit]By year Global production of motorvehicles
- 3. (cars and commercial vehicles) Year Production Change Source [12] 1997 54,434,000 [12] 1998 52,987,000 -2.7% [13] 1999 56,258,892 6.2% [14] 2000 58,374,162 3.8% [15] 2001 56,304,925 -3.5% [16] 2002 58,994,318 4.8% [17] 2003 60,663,225 2.8% [18] 2004 64,496,220 6.3% [19] 2005 66,482,439 3.1% [20] 2006 69,222,975 4.1% [21] 2007 73,266,061 5.8% [22] 2008 70,520,493 -3.7% [23] 2009 61,791,868 -12.4% [24] 2010 77,857,705 26.0%
- 4. [edit]By country Main article: List of countries by motor vehicle production [hide] V T E « previous year Top 20 motor vehicle producing countries 2011 next year » Motor vehicle production (units) Country 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000 5,000,000 6,000,000 7,000,000 8,000,000 9,000,000 10,000,000 11,000,000 12,000,000 China 18,418,8761 United States 8,653,560 Japan 8,398,654 Germany 6,311,318 South Korea 4,657,094 India 3,936,448 Brazil 3,406,150 Mexico 2,680,037 Spain 2,353,682 France 2,294,889 Canada 2,134,893 Russia 1,988,036 Iran 1,648,505 Thailand 1,478,460 UK 1,463,999 Czech Rep. 1,199,834 Turkey 1,189,131 Indonesia 837,948 Poland 837,132 Argentina 828,771 Italy 790,348 Reference: "Production Statistics". OICA. Retrieved 2012-03-12. [edit]By manufacturer [hide] V T
- 5. E « previous year — Top motor vehicle manufacturing companies by volume 2011 next year » Total motor vehicle production Group 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000 5,000,000 6,000,0007,000,0008,000,0009,000,00010,000 Key Cars Light Commercial Vehicles Heavy Commercial VehiclesHeavy Buses GM 9,146,340 Volkswagen 8,157,058 Toyota 8,050,181 Hyundai Motor 6,616,858 Ford 4,873,450 Nissan 4,631,673 PSA 3,582,410 Honda 2,909,016 Renault 2,825,089 Suzuki 2,725,899 Fiat 2,399,825 Chrysler 2,004,514 BMW 1,738,160 Daimler AG 1,528,008 Mazda 1,165,591 Mitsubishi 1,140,282 Dongfeng Motor 1,095,065 Tata 1,061,229 Geely 902,824 Beijing Automotive 689,635 Chang'an 681,719 Automobile Saipa 669,538 Chery 637,423 AvtoVAZ 635,860 FAW 621,271 Fuji 580,261 Great Wall 486,562 Key Cars Light Commercial Vehicles Heavy Commercial VehiclesHeavy Buses Total: 78,799,483 Cars: 61,703,020 LCV: 13,637,299 HCV: 3,111,908Heavy Bus: 347,256 Reference: "World motor vehicle production by manufacturer: World ranking of manufacturers, Year 2011". OICA. November 2012. [edit]Company relationships It is common for automobile manufacturers to hold stakes in other automobile manufacturers. These ownerships can be explored under the detail for the individual companies. Notable current relationships include:[citation needed] Daimler AG holds a 20% stake in Eicher Motors, a 10.0% stake in KAMAZ, a 10% stake in Tesla Motors, a 6.75% stake in Tata Motors and a 3.1% in the Renault-Nissan Alliance.
- 6. Dongfeng Motor Corporation is involved in joint ventures with several companies around the world, including: Honda (Japan), Hyundai(South Korea), Nissan (Japan), Nissan Diesel (Sweden), and PSA Peugeot Citroen (France). Fiat holds a 90% stake in Ferrari and a 61.8% stake in Chrysler. Ford Motor Company holds a 3% stake in Mazda and an 12.1% share in Aston Martin. Geely Automobile holds a 23% stake in Manganese Bronze Holdings. General Motors holds a 7% stake in PSA Peugeot Citroen, Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation (SAIC) have two joint ventures in Shanghai General Motors and SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile. Both also hold an equal 50% stake in General Motors India Private Limited. And General Motors holds a 94% stake in GM Korea and SAIC Group holds a 6% stake. Hyundai Kia Automotive Group holds a 33.99% stake in Kia Motors,[25] down from the 51% that it acquired in 1998. MAN SE holds a 17.01% voting stake in Scania. Porsche Automobil Holding SE has a 50.74% voting stake in Volkswagen Group. The Porsche automotive business is fully owned by the Volkswagen Group. Renault and Nissan Motors have an alliance( Renault-Nissan Alliance ) involving two global companies linked by cross-shareholding, with Renault holding 44.3% of Nissan shares, and Nissan holding 15% of (non-voting) Renault shares. The alliance holds a 3.1% share in Daimler AG. Renault holds a 25% stake in AvtoVAZ and 20.5% of the voting stakes in Volvo Group. Toyota holds a 51% stake in Daihatsu, and 16.5% in Fuji Heavy Industries, parent company of Subaru. Volkswagen Group holds a 37.73% stake in Scania (68.6% voting rights), and a 53.7% stake in MAN SE (55.9% voting rights). Volkswagen is integrating Scania, MAN and its own truck division into one division.Volkswagen Group has a 19.9% stake in Suzuki, and Suzuki has a 5% stake in Volkswagen. Paccar inc. has a 19% stake in Tatra. [edit]Top vehicle manufacturing groups by volume The table below shows the world's largest motor vehicle manufacturing groups, along with the marques produced by each one. The table is ranked by 2010 end of year production figures from the International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA)[26] for the parent group, and then alphabetically by marque. Joint ventures are not reflected in this table. Production figures of joint ventures are typically included in OICA rankings, which can become a source of controversy.[27][28] Note: This Section is Outdated. Country of Marque Ownership Markets origin
- 7. 1. Toyota Motor Corporation ( Japan) Daihatsu Subsidiary Asia, Africa, and South America Hino Subsidiary Asia Pacific, North America and South America Lexus Division Global Lexus F Division Global Scion Subsidiary United States, Canada Toyota Division Global 2. General Motors Company ( United States) Alpheon Subsidiary South Korea Buick Division United States, Canada, Mexico, China,Taiwan, Israel Cadillac Division North America, Europe, Asia, Middle East Chevrolet Division Global, except Australia, New Zealand Corvette Division Global, except Australia and New Zealand Damas/Labo Subsidiary South Korea GMC Division North America, Middle East Holden Subsidiary Australia, New Zealand
- 8. HSV Subsidiary Australia, New Zealand Opel Subsidiary Europe (except UK), Middle East, China, Taiwan, South Africa, Australia OPC Subsidiary Europe (except UK), Middle East, China, Taiwan, South Africa, Australia OSV Subsidiary Europe Vauxhall Subsidiary United Kingdom 3. Volkswagen Group AG ( Germany) Audi Subsidiary Global Bentley Subsidiary Global Bugatti Subsidiary Global Lamborghini Subsidiary Global MAN Subsidiary Europe, Asia, Africa, South America Porsche Subsidiary Global Scania Subsidiary Global SEAT Subsidiary Europe, South America, Africa, Asia, Mexico Škoda Subsidiary Global, except North America Volkswagen Subsidiary Global
- 9. Volkswagen Commercial Subsidiary Europe, Latin America, Australia, China Vehicles 4. Hyundai Motor Group ( South Korea) Hyundai Division Global Kia Subsidiary Global, except Mexico 5. Ford Motor Company ( United States) Ford Division Global FPV Subsidiary Australia Lincoln Division United States, Canada, Mexico, Middle East, Japan, South Korea Troller Subsidiary South America, Africa 6. Nissan ( Japan) Datsun Division Indonesia, India, Russia Infiniti Division Global, except Japan, South America and Africa Infiniti Performance Line Division United States Nissan Division Global 7. Honda Motor Company ( Japan) Acura Subsidiary United States, Canada, Mexico, China
- 10. Honda Division Global 8. PSA Peugeot Citroën S.A. ( France) Citroën Subsidiary Global, except North America, South Asia DS Subsidiary Europe, South Africa, Australia Peugeot Subsidiary Global, except USA, Canada 9. Suzuki Motor Corporation ( Japan) Suzuki Division Global Maruti Suzuki Subsidiary India, Middle East, South America 10. Renault ( France) Dacia Subsidiary Europe, Middle East, Northern Africa Renault Division Global, except United States, Canada, South Korea Renault Samsung Subsidiary South Korea, Chile 11. Fiat S.p.A. ( Italy) Abarth Subsidiary Global Alfa Romeo Subsidiary Global, except North America Global, except Europe (except UK and Ireland), Africa (except South Chrysler Subsidiary Africa and Egypt), South Asia, South East Asia
- 11. Global, except Europe, Africa(except South Africa and Egypt), South Dodge Subsidiary Asia, South East Asia Ferrari Subsidiary Global Fiat Subsidiary Global, except Africa(except South Africa), South East Asia Global, Africa(except South Africa and Egypt), South Asia, South East Jeep Subsidiary Asia Lancia Subsidiary Europe(except UK and Ireland) and Japan Maserati Subsidiary Global Ram Subsidiary North America, Brazil, Middle East Street and Racing Subsidiary North America Technology 12. Daimler AG ( Germany) BharatBenz Subsidiary India Freightliner Subsidiary North America, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand Master Subsidiary Pakistan Mercedes-AMG Division Global Mercedes-Benz Division Global Mitsubishi Fuso Subsidiary Global Orion Subsidiary United States, Canada
- 12. Setra Division Europe, Asia, USA Smart Division Global Thomas Built Subsidiary North America Western Star Subsidiary North America, Australia, New Zealand 13. BMW AG ( Germany) BMW Division Global BMW i Division Global BMW M Division Global MINI Division Global Rolls-Royce Subsidiary Global 14. Mazda Motor Corporation ( Japan) Mazda Division Global 17. Mitsubishi Motors Corporation ( Japan) Mitsubishi Division Global 18. Chana Automobile Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China) Chana Division China, Taiwan, South Africa, Europe
- 13. Hafei Subsidiary China Tiger Truck Subsidiary United States, Canada 19. Tata Motors, Ltd ( India) Hispano Subsidiary Europe Jaguar Subsidiary Global Land Rover Subsidiary Global Tata Division Global, except North America Tata Daewoo Subsidiary South Korea, Pakistan 20. First Automotive Group Corporation ( People's Republic of China) Besturn Division China Freewind Subsidiary China Haima Subsidiary China Hongqi Division China Jiaxing Subsidiary China Vita Subsidiary China Xiali Subsidiary China
- 14. 21. Geely Automobile ( People's Republic of China) Emlgon Division China Emgrand Division China, United Kingdom Geagle Division China China, Taiwan, Russia, North Africa, Middle East, South America, South Geely Division Africa, Australia Maple Division China Volvo (Cars) Subsidiary Global 22. Chery Automobile Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China) Chery Division China, South East Asia, Russia, South Africa, South America Joint- Qoros China Venture Riich Division China Rely Division China 23. Fuji Heavy Industries, Ltd ( Japan) Subaru Division Global 24. Dongfeng Motor Corporation ( People's Republic of China)
- 15. Fengshen Division China 25. Beijing Automotive Industry Holding Corporation, Ltd ( People's Republic of China) BAW Division China Foton Subsidiary China, Taiwan, Japan, Australia 26. OAO AvtoVAZ ( Russia) Lada Division Europe, except United Kingdom, Portugal and Malta, Central Asia VIS Division Russia 27. BYD Auto ( People's Republic of China) BYD Division China, Taiwan, Russia, United States 28. Isuzu Motors, Ltd ( Japan) Isuzu Division Global, except Brazil and Korea 31. Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China) JAC Division China 32. Brilliance China Automotive Holding, Ltd ( People's Republic of China) Brilliance Division China, North Africa Jinbei Subsidiary China
- 16. 33. Great Wall Motor Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China) China, Taiwan, South Africa, Russia, North Africa, Australia, Europe, Great Wall Division Middle East 35. SAIC Motor ( People's Republic of China) Maxus Division China, Australia, South Africa, United Kingdom, Chile, Malaysia MG Motor Subsidiary China, United Kingdom, South America Roewe Division China Soyat Division China Yuejin Division China 36. GAZ ( Russia) GAZ Division Russia, Europe, Central Asia LiAZ Subsidiary Russia Ural Trucks Division Russia 37. Mahindra & Mahindra, Ltd ( India) Mahindra Division India, South East Asia, Europe, North Africa, North America, Australia REVA Division India SsangYong Subsidiary Global, except North America and Japan
- 17. 38. Hafei Motor ( China) Hafei Subsidiary China 39. AB Volvo ( Sweden) Mack Subsidiary Global NovaBus Subsidiary North America Prevost Subsidiary North America Renault Trucks Subsidiary Global, except Japan, United States, and Canada UD Trucks Subsidiary Global Volvo Trucks Division Global 40. Jiangxi Changhe Automobile ( China) Changhe Division China 41. Paccar Inc. ( United States) DAF Trucks Subsidiary Global, except North America and Japan Kenworth Division North America, Australia Leyland Trucks Subsidiary Global, except North America and Japan Peterbilt Division North America
- 18. 42. Qingling Motors Company Ltd. ( China) Qingling Division China 43. Fiat Industrial S.p.A ( Italy) Iveco Subsidiary Global Irisbus Subsidiary Global, except North America 44. Navistar International Corporation ( United States) IC Subsidiary United States, Canada International Division North America, South America, Russia, Middle East, Egypt, South Africa 45. Iran Khodro Company ( Iran) Middle East,Northern Africa, Russia, Belarus, Central Asia, China, Iran Khodoro Division Venezuela IKCO Diesel Division Middle East, Northern Africa, Western Africa 46. Proton Holdings, Bhd ( Malaysia) Lotus Subsidiary Global Proton Division Asia Pacific(except Korea), South Africa, United Kingdom, Middle East 47. Hunan Jiangnan Automobile ( People's Republic of China) Jiangnan Division China
- 19. 48. Yulon Motor ( Taiwan) Luxgen Division Taiwan, China, Oman Tobe Division Taiwan 49. Chongqing Lifan Automobile Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China) Lifan Division China, Taiwan, Russia, Middle East, South America 50. Fujian Motor Industry Group Company ( People's Republic of China) Soueast Division China 51. Kuozui Motors, Ltd ( Taiwan) Kuozui Subsidiary Taiwan 52. Shandong Kaima ( China) Kaima Division China Jubao Division China Aofeng Division China 53. Guangzhou Automobile Industry Group Co Ltd ( People's Republic of China) Changfeng Subsidiary China, Russia, Middle East, Africa Gonow Subsidiary China
- 20. Trumpchi Division China 54. ZiyangNanjun Automobile Co., Ltd. ( People's Republic of China) Nanjun Division China 55. RongchengHuatai Motor ( People's Republic of China) Huatai Division China 56. Caterpillar Inc. ( United States) CAT Division United States, Canada, Mexico, Australia, New Zealand [edit]By total production Quantifying the total production of a manufacturer, from their start-up, is a difficult task, because of frequent company ownership changes. However some producers, and independent sources, provide some valuable statistics: Toyota reached 200 000 000 vehicles as of July 2012 (after 77 years of production).[29] [edit]Minor automotive manufacturers Main article: Minor automotive manufacturing groups There are many automobile manufacturers other than the major global companies. They are mostly regional or operating in niche markets.