Westward Ho!!
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Key social reforms and educational developments occurred during the first half of the 19th century in America, including: - Dorothea Dix helped open mental hospitals after reporting on the poor conditions of institutions. - Horace Mann established public schools in Massachusetts to unite children of different social classes. - Colleges like Amherst and Oberlin were founded to expand access to education. - The Smithsonian Institution was established to promote knowledge through collections and research.
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The document summarizes key events of Radical Reconstruction from 1867 to 1872. It discusses the Reconstruction Act of 1867 which divided the South into military districts and required new state constitutions. It also mentions the impeachment of President Johnson, the ratification of the 14th and 15th Amendments, and the elections of Ulysses S. Grant in 1868 and 1872 during the rise of Jim Crow laws and the Supreme Court's "separate but equal" ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson.
Reconstruction I
The document discusses the Reconstruction era following the American Civil War. It provides background on Lincoln's assassination and Andrew Johnson taking over as President. It describes Johnson's lenient Presidential Reconstruction plan, which allowed Confederate states to quickly rejoin the Union without protecting the rights of freed slaves. This led Southern states to pass "Black Codes" restricting freedoms of black Americans. Radical Republicans in Congress fought Johnson for control over Reconstruction, seeking to establish citizenship, civil rights, and voting rights through the 14th Amendment.
Slavery in America
The document discusses the history of slavery in early America, including that many Founding Fathers owned slaves, the institution was never mentioned in the Constitution, and the importation of slaves was permitted until 1808. It also describes how Eli Whitney's cotton gin in 1793 made slavery highly profitable, fueling a rapid increase in the slave population from 700,000 in 1790 to over 4 million by 1860 as the South became dominated by cotton production. Abolition movements emerged but were opposed by pro-slavery forces, heightening regional tensions over the issue of expanding slavery into new western territories, which escalated over events like the Dred Scott decision and led to the Civil War.
Macro Inflation and Unemployment
This document provides an overview of macroeconomics, including key macroeconomic concepts and measurements. It discusses that macroeconomics is the study of entire economies and their behavior. It also lists common macroeconomic questions such as what determines economic growth and unemployment. The document defines GDP and its components. It describes how to measure economic growth using durable goods purchases and inflation using the Consumer Price Index. It discusses the goals of full employment, price stability, and economic growth. It also defines different types of unemployment and provides unemployment rate data.
Foreign Policy 1790s
The document summarizes several key events in American foreign policy in the 1790s that established precedents:
1) The Citizen Genet incident in 1793 involved a French diplomat who attempted to rally American support for France and undermine American neutrality, setting precedents for relations with France.
2) Jay's Treaty in 1795 addressed trade issues with Britain and the seizure of American ships and goods, establishing precedents for Anglo-American trade.
3) The Pinckney's Treaty in 1795 gave the U.S. access to New Orleans and addressed border disputes with Spain, setting precedents for U.S.-Spanish relations.
4) The XYZ Affair in 1798 involved French
Jefferson's America
The document discusses several key events and precedents from the early national period in the United States under President Thomas Jefferson. It summarizes Jefferson's inaugural address calling for unity between political parties. It also discusses the landmark Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison in 1803, which established the principle of judicial review. Finally, it lists several important events that occurred under Jefferson's administration, including the Louisiana Purchase, conflicts with Barbary pirates, and economic sanctions like the Embargo Act.
American System
The document discusses several topics from the early 19th century United States, including the War of 1812, the Era of Good Feelings under the Virginia dynasty presidents, and national infrastructure projects like the Erie Canal. It also mentions the Missouri Compromise and debates connecting waterways like the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River to facilitate trade and economic growth across the young nation.
American Colonies
The document summarizes key events and developments in the original 13 American colonies from their founding through the late 18th century. It mentions the gender imbalance in early Jamestown, John Winthrop's vision of the colonies as "a city upon a hill," King Philip's War which devastated Native American populations, the Dominion of New England, the Salem Witch Trials, the Great Awakening religious revival, the French and Indian War, the Proclamation of 1763 and its establishment of a boundary line between the colonies and Native American lands, the Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Townshend Acts, the Boston Tea Party, and the First and Second Continental Congresses leading to the American Revolutionary War.
Political Parties Beliefs
The document summarizes the major political parties in antebellum America between 1836-1856. The Whig party supported loose construction of the Constitution, nationalists policies like tariffs and internal improvements. The Democratic party advocated for strict construction and opposed federal regulation of slavery. Several other third parties emerged like the Free Soil party in 1848 opposing the spread of slavery and the American party in the 1850s which was anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic. The Republican party was formed in 1854 as an anti-slavery party that attracted former Whigs, northern Democrats and members of other third parties.
Jacksonian Democracy
This document summarizes Andrew Jackson's presidency and policies, including:
1. Jackson expanded voting rights and helped launch the two-party system and Jacksonian democracy, which appealed to the common man.
2. The Nullification Crisis arose over high tariffs and states' rights, and Jackson forcefully asserted federal authority.
3. Jackson enacted the Indian Removal Act to forcibly relocate Native American tribes, leading to the infamous Trail of Tears.
4. Jackson also engaged in the Bank War by vetoing the renewal of the Second Bank of the United States' charter and withdrawing federal deposits, contributing to the Panic of 1837.
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