Industrial microbiology uses microorganisms in industrial processes to produce valuable products. Examples include using bacteria to produce drugs, chemicals, fuels, and electricity. Microbes are useful because they act as mini chemical factories with enzymes, can grow rapidly on inexpensive substrates, and produce desired products quickly. Key applications include using bacteria and fungi to produce chemicals like lactic acid, vinegar, antibiotics like penicillin and streptomycin, and enzymes. Genetic engineering allows modification of microorganisms like inserting human genes into bacteria to produce insulin. Microbes are also used in biomining to extract metals from ores and in petroleum recovery by dissolving rock formations.
Scope of Industrial Microbiology and BiotechnologyDr. Pavan Kundur
Industrial microbiology defined as the study of the large-scale and profit motivated production of microorganisms or their products for direct use, or as inputs in the manufacture of other goods.
Scope of Industrial Microbiology and BiotechnologyDr. Pavan Kundur
Industrial microbiology defined as the study of the large-scale and profit motivated production of microorganisms or their products for direct use, or as inputs in the manufacture of other goods.
“Bioleaching" or "bio-oxidation" employs the use of naturally occurring bacteria, harmless to both humans and the environment, to extract of metals from their ores.
Conversion of insoluble metal sulfides into water-soluble metal sulfates.
It is mainly used to recover certain metals from sulfide ores. This is much cleaner than the traditional leaching.
Microbial enhanced oil recovery is one of the EOR techniques where bacteria and their by-products are utilized for oil mobilization in a reservoir.
It is the process that increases oil recovery through inoculation of microorganisms in a reservoir, aiming that bacteria and their by-products cause some beneficial effects.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
METHODOLOGY
BIOREMEDIATION OF OIL SPILLS
CASE STUDY
CONCLUSION
Subtopics
Bio remediation in hot and cold environments
Use of Nitrogen fixing Bacteria
Bio remediation using fungi from soil samples
Bio remediation using bacteria and case studies
A broad module on industrial microbiology is summarized with pictures .It includes the production of vitamins,vaccine ,alcohol,vinegar,steroids,amino acids ,antibiotics .it also includes the general idea on history ,media,equipment,fermentation,procedure ,uses of industrial microbiology .The production of wine,beer and vinegar are mine core interest .Hope may help ....Thank you .
Generally, organic acids are produced commercially either by chemical synthesis or fermentation. ... All organic acids of tricarboxylic acid cycle can be produced in high yields in microbiological processes. Among fermentation processes, the production of organic acids is dominated by submerged fermentation.
Science and technology of manipulating and improving microbial strains, in order to enhance their metabolic capacities for biotechnological applications, are referred to as strain improvement.
Basic Knowledge about industrial microorganism. why industry choose microorganism rather than chemical. isolation technique of microorganism. source of microorganisms. Process of using microorganism. Disadvantages of using microorganisms in industry. Process of genetic modification of microorganisms. Storage process of microorganism. preservation methods of microorganism. Reculture methods of microorganism.
“Bioleaching" or "bio-oxidation" employs the use of naturally occurring bacteria, harmless to both humans and the environment, to extract of metals from their ores.
Conversion of insoluble metal sulfides into water-soluble metal sulfates.
It is mainly used to recover certain metals from sulfide ores. This is much cleaner than the traditional leaching.
Microbial enhanced oil recovery is one of the EOR techniques where bacteria and their by-products are utilized for oil mobilization in a reservoir.
It is the process that increases oil recovery through inoculation of microorganisms in a reservoir, aiming that bacteria and their by-products cause some beneficial effects.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
METHODOLOGY
BIOREMEDIATION OF OIL SPILLS
CASE STUDY
CONCLUSION
Subtopics
Bio remediation in hot and cold environments
Use of Nitrogen fixing Bacteria
Bio remediation using fungi from soil samples
Bio remediation using bacteria and case studies
A broad module on industrial microbiology is summarized with pictures .It includes the production of vitamins,vaccine ,alcohol,vinegar,steroids,amino acids ,antibiotics .it also includes the general idea on history ,media,equipment,fermentation,procedure ,uses of industrial microbiology .The production of wine,beer and vinegar are mine core interest .Hope may help ....Thank you .
Generally, organic acids are produced commercially either by chemical synthesis or fermentation. ... All organic acids of tricarboxylic acid cycle can be produced in high yields in microbiological processes. Among fermentation processes, the production of organic acids is dominated by submerged fermentation.
Science and technology of manipulating and improving microbial strains, in order to enhance their metabolic capacities for biotechnological applications, are referred to as strain improvement.
Basic Knowledge about industrial microorganism. why industry choose microorganism rather than chemical. isolation technique of microorganism. source of microorganisms. Process of using microorganism. Disadvantages of using microorganisms in industry. Process of genetic modification of microorganisms. Storage process of microorganism. preservation methods of microorganism. Reculture methods of microorganism.
Lag phase
Adaptation, preparation for division, increase in size and density.
Log phase (logarithmic or exponential).
Max. growth rate, increase linearly with time.
Growth yield and growth rate.
Stationary phase
Depletion of nutrient, accumulation of toxic. materials, cell crowding.
Decline phase
Microbes, or microscopic organisms, are widely used in large-scale industrial processes. Microbes can be used to create biofertilizers or to reduce metal pollutants. Microbes can also be used to produce certain non-microbial products, such as the diabetes medication insulin, vaccines, etc. These slides will give insights into uses of microbes in production of enzymes, antibiotics, beverages, vitamins, vaccines, probiotics, etc
This PPT will provide the basic idea of Fermentation technology and it's use. The reference book is 'Pharmaceutical Biotechnology' by Giriraj Kulkarni.
Single-cell proteins (SCP) refers to edible unicellular microorganisms.The biomass or protein extract from pure or mixed cultures of algae, yeasts, fungi or bacteriaI. It is used as an ingredient or a substitute for protein-rich foods. It is suitable for human & animal feeds. Agricultural waste are used as starter/media for microbial growth. Max Delbrück and his colleagues found out the high value of surplus brewer’s yeast as a feeding supplement for animals Single-cell proteins develop when microbes ferment waste materials. E.g - wood, straw, cannery, and food processing wastes, residues from alcohol production, hydrocarbons, or human and animal excreta. The problem with extracting single-cell proteins from the wastes is the dilution and cost. They are found in very low concentrations, usually less than 5%. Engineers have developed ways to increase the concentrations including centrifugation, flotation, precipitation, coagulation, and filtration, or the use of semi-permeable membranes The single-cell protein must be dehydrated to approximately 10% moisture content and/or acidified to aid in storage and prevent spoilage.
The methods to increase the concentrations to adequate levels and the de-watering process require equipment that is expensive and not always suitable for small-scale operations.
It is economically prudent to feed the product locally and soon after it is produced. PRUTEEN PROCESS - The single-cell protein must be dehydrated to approximately 10% moisture content and/or acidified to aid in storage and prevent spoilage.
The methods to increase the concentrations to adequate levels and the de-watering process require equipment that is expensive and not always suitable for small-scale operations.
It is economically prudent to feed the product locally and soon after it is produced. SYMBA PROCESS - The symba process was developed in Sweden to produce SCP for animal feed from potato processing wastes to make it more attractive and economical. The process was developed with two microorganisms that grow in symbiotic association.
The yeast (Saccharomycosis fibuligera) which produces copious amount of amylases necessary for starch degradation, while Candida utilis utilizes resultant sugars. The process is operated in two stages. In the first stage S. fibuligera is grown in a small reactor on the sterilized waste supplemented with a nitrogen source and phosphate. At this point starch is hydrolysed.
The resulting broth is then pumped into second larger fermenter of 300 m capacity where both organisms are present. However, C.utilis dominates and constitutes 90% of the final product.
Resultant protein rich biomass (45% protein) is concentrated by centrifugation and finally spray or drum dried
Arithmetic mean of a series is obtained by dividing total of values in series by the number of items i.e.
Arithmetic mean is denoted by .
Determination of Arithmetic Mean for Ungrouped Data
Let be the “n” values of variable , then the arithmetic mean can be obtained by using the following formula:
Stem-and-Leaf
Stem-and-Leaf display is another graphical device that is useful for representing quantitative data sets. A stem-and-leaf display bears a strong resemblance to a histogram and serves the same purpose.
To construct a stem-and-leaf display we partition each measurement into two parts. The first part is called the stem, and the second part is called the leaf.
The stem consists of one or more of the initial digits of the measurement, and the leaf is composed of one or more of the remaining digits.
When leaves consist of more than one digit, all digits after the first may be rounded off. Decimals when present in the original data are omitted in the stem-and-leaf display.
The stems are separated from their leaves by a vertical line. Thus, we see that a stem-and-leaf display is also an ordered array of the data.
Types of Graphs
(i) Graph of time series or Historigram
(ii) Histogram
(iii) Frequency polygon
(iv) Frequency curve
(v) Cumulative Frequency polygon or Ogive
Historigram
A Historigram is constructed by taking time along X-axis and the value of the variable along Y-axis. Points are plotted and are then connected by straight line segments to get the Historigram.
Example: Suppose we walk in the nursery class of a school and we count the no. of books and copies that 45 students have in their bags. Suppose the no. of books and copies are
9, 9, 3, 5, 4, 7, 6, 7, 5, 6, 5, 5, 8, 7, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 9, 6, 7, 6, 6, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 6, 5, 4, 8, 7, 9, 9, 7, 8, 7, 7, 9.
Construct a discrete frequency distribution.
Visual representation of statistical data in the form of points, lines, areas, is known as graphical representation. Such visual representation can be divided in to two groups.
(i) Graph
(ii) Diagram
The basic difference between a graph and a diagram is that a graph is a representation of data by a continuous curve, while a diagram is any other one, two or three dimensional form of visual representation.
Taking of a measurement and the process of counting yield numbers that contain information. The objective of a person applying the tools of statistics to these numbers is to determine the nature of this information.
This task is made much easier if the numbers are organized and summarized.
Even quite small data sets are difficult to understand without some summarization. Statistical quantities such as the mean and variance can be extremely helpful in summarizing data but first we discuss tabular and graphical summaries.
There are several ways to present a statistical data like;
Frequency table
Simple bar diagrams
Multiple Bar Diagrams
Histogram
Frequency Polygon etc.
Steam and Leaf plots
Pie Charts
A frequency distribution is a tabular arrangement of data in which various items are arranged into classes or groups and the number of items falling in each class is stated.
The number of observations falling in a particular class is referred to as class frequency and is denoted by "f".
In frequency distribution all the values falling in a class are assumed to be equal to the midpoint of that class.
Data presented in the form of a frequency distribution is also called grouped data. A frequency distribution table contains a condensed summary of the original data.
There are two types of frequency distribution i) Simple Frequency distribution ) ii) Grouped Frequency distribution.
Statistics has been defined differently by different authors from time to time. Generally it is considered to be the subject that deals with percentage, charts and tables.
The word statistics comes from the Latin word status, meaning a political state originally meant information useful to the state e.g. information about the size of populations and armed forces.
The word statistics is defined as a discipline that includes procedure and techniques used to
Collect
Process
Analyze numerical data to make inference and to reach decision in the face of uncertainty.
Introduction:
Mercury is the most hazardous metal for human health and environment.
It has high toxicity, volatility.
It has the tendency to bio-accumulate in human body.
Mercury is on the priority list of 129 chemical substances that harms the living organisms.
A GIS is a particular form of Information System applied to geographical data.
An Information System is a set of processes, executed on raw data to produce information which will be useful when making decisions.
GIS is not only a tool for making maps, it is a system for data analysis.
Xenobiotics:
The word xenobiotic is derived from Greek word xenos mean foreigner or stranger.
Xenobiotics are man made chemicals that are foreign in nature.
Xenobiotics can not be produced naturally.
Thermodynamically stable in environment.
Produce adverse effects in human:
Cell injury
Toxicity
Cancer
Physiological and immunological effects.
Milk is the food which exclusively sustains us during the first few months of life.
In addition to being a nutritious food for humans, milk provides a favorable environment for the growth of microorganisms. Yeasts, moulds and a broad spectrum of bacteria can grow in milk, particularly at temperatures above 16°C.
Microbes can enter milk via the cow, air, feedstuffs, milk handling equipment and the milker.
Raw milk :
The lacteal secretion , practically free from colostrum, obtained by the complete milking of one or more healthy cows(PMO).
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
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Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
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Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
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2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2. Industrial Microbiology :
Industrial microbiology is a branch of
applied microbiology in which
microorganisms are used
in industrial processes.
Example: In the production of high-value
products such as drugs, chemicals, fuels
and electricity.
4. Microbes:
Microbes are the mini chemical factory
Possess a broad variety of enzymes
High metabolic activity. So, it can grow
and multiply rapidly
Possess a large surface area for the quick
absorption of nutrients
Grow on inexpensive substrate
5. Microbes:
By product of reaction will be the
substrate of other.
Should not be pathogenic for human and
animals.
Produces spores or can be easily
inoculated.
Produces desired product quickly.
6. Applications of Industrial Microbiology
GENETIC ENGINEERING
Products of bacteria
Products of mold
Products of virus
Bio mining
Microbiology and Petroleum
7. Industrial uses of bacteria:
Lactic acid Production
Vinegar Production
GENETIC ENGINEERING
8. Production of Lactic acid:
First discovered by Scheele(1789)from
sour milk. Fermentation: racemic
mixture is formed due to enzyme
racemase. Due to it becomes optically
inactive.
Utilizes the EMP pathway to produce
pyruvic acid which then reduced to
lactic acid by lactate dehydrogenase.
9. Production of Lactic acid
LACTASE
C12 H22O6 +H2O 2 C6H12O6
LACTOSE GLUCOSE+ GLACTOSE
System of enzymes
2C6H12O6 2CH3-CHOHCOOH
GLUCOSE+ GLACTOSE LACTIC ACID
10. Uses of Lactic acid:
Derivative of lactic used to cure diseases
Anemia (iron lactate)
Calcium deficiency (calcium lactate)
11. PRODUCTION OF VINEGAR:
French word vinaigre means sour wine
Major two types of chemical changes:
1. Alcoholic fermentation of carbohydrates
2. Oxidation of alcohol into acetic acid
SUBSTRATE: It can be a Fruit Juice,
starchy vegetables, wheat, barley ,corn ,or
it can be sugar cane and honey.
12.
13. Uses of Vinegar
USES:
To preserve food
To make salad
As a facial toner.
To trap fruit flies
To boil better eggs
To wash fruits and vegetables
To whiten teeth.
14. Uses Vinegar:
MEDICINAL USE OF VINEGAR
Anti infective:
1.Used for ulcer and sore throat
2.composed of honey and vinegar used for
cough.
ANTI TUMOUR:
1.Japanese rice vinegar used for inhibition of
proliferation of human cancer cell.
• Controls blood sugar level and diabetes.
15. GENETIC ENGINEERING:
DEFINITION:
The deliberate modification of the
characteristics of an organism by manipulating
its genetic material.
Genetic Engineering Involves:
Removing a gene from one organism
Inserting target gene into DNA of another
organism.
16. PROCESS OF GENETIC
ENGINEERING:
FIVE STEPS INVOLVED IN THIS PROCESS
1. Isolation
2. Cutting
3. Insertion
4. Transformation/Transfection
5. Expression(cloning)
19. POSSIBLE HAZARDS OF GENETIC
ENGINEERING:
Risk of human health e.g. higher chances of cancer
Risk for animals health e.g. higher chances of infection
Risk of creating new microbes that are difficult to kill by antibiotics
Ethical issues
Religious reasons
Animal welfare
20. Industrial Uses of Yeast:
Yeast is used in the production of
Alcoholic fermentation
Baker’s yeast
Food yeast
23. Penicillin Production:
Penicillin is a secondary metabolite of penicillium &
is produced when growth of the fungus is inhibited by
stress.
5-7 days for batch fermentation.
Three phases:
1st Phase: Mycelial growth
2nd Phase: consumption of lactose, mycelial mass
increases, pH constant. Secreting pencillin to the
medium.
3rd Phase: Antibiotic concentration decreases.
24.
25.
26. Streptomycin Production:
• Used against TB
• Produced from streptomycin griseus.
• Inoculation to initiate the fermentation in
production tank.
• Medium:
Soyabean meal(N-source),glucose(C-source)
• Carried out at 28 ℃.
27.
28. Three phases:
1st phase :Rapid growth of microbe,it’s proteolytic
activity produces NH3 to medium from soyabean
meal causes increase in PH.
2nd phase :Little additional production of
mycelium. Streptomycin accumulates glucose and
NH3 is consumed thus PH is constant.
3rd phase : Carbohydrates become depleted,
production ceases
29. Microbiology and Mining:
Bio mining is the process of using of
microbes to extract metals from rock
ores or mine.
Valuable metals are commonly
bound up in solid minerals.
30. Advantages:
Bio mining uses little energy.
produces few microbial by-
products such as organic acids
and gases.
It's cheap and simple.
