Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
A RPD derives support from two main sources periodontally sound natural teeth & residual alveolar processes and associated soft tissues.
A RPD that is supported by healthy natural teeth possesses adequate stability and retention to resist functional displacement.
However, a RPD that is not entirely bounded by natural teeth will move when a load is applied.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
A RPD derives support from two main sources periodontally sound natural teeth & residual alveolar processes and associated soft tissues.
A RPD that is supported by healthy natural teeth possesses adequate stability and retention to resist functional displacement.
However, a RPD that is not entirely bounded by natural teeth will move when a load is applied.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The biomechanics of stresses induced by removable partial denture/ fixed orth...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Design considerations for a distal extension rpd/prosthodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The biomechanics of stresses induced by removable partial denture/ fixed orth...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Design considerations for a distal extension rpd/prosthodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Direct retainer. /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Design consideration in reducing stress in rpd/ oral surgery courses Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Evolution of posterior tooth forms / dental implant courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
3- Basic principles for designing the removable partial denture Amal Kaddah
Clinical course of Partial Denture
3- Basic principles for designing the removable partial denture
a- Problems and General Principles Applied for Kennedy Class I
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Direct retainer/ course in dentistry/ cosmetic dentistry trainingIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Balanced occlusion and its importance/ cosmetic dentistry trainingIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
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Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Similar to Indirect retainers / implant dentistry course/ implant dentistry course (20)
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
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Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
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4.Demo on Models
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6. subtitles in your own language
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Please contact us for any clarifications:
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Thanks & Regards
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--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
1. Indirect retainersIndirect retainers
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
2. CONTENTSCONTENTS
IntroductionIntroduction
DefinitionDefinition
Auxiliary functions of indirect retainersAuxiliary functions of indirect retainers
Factors determining effectiveness of indirectFactors determining effectiveness of indirect
retainersretainers
Forms of indirect retainersForms of indirect retainers
ConclusionConclusion
BibliographyBibliography
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3. IntroductionIntroduction
A Removable partial denture that is supportedA Removable partial denture that is supported
by healthy natural teeth posses adequateby healthy natural teeth posses adequate
stability and retention to resist functionalstability and retention to resist functional
displacement, but a denture base that isdisplacement, but a denture base that is
supported at one end by a healthy naturalsupported at one end by a healthy natural
abutment and at the other by movable softabutment and at the other by movable soft
tissues will rotate toward or away from thetissues will rotate toward or away from the
residual ridge when subjected to occlusal forcesresidual ridge when subjected to occlusal forces
or the pull of sticky foods.or the pull of sticky foods.
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4. This rotational movement occurring within aThis rotational movement occurring within a
prosthesis supported by natural teeth and softprosthesis supported by natural teeth and soft
tissue was first described bytissue was first described by F.H.BALKWILLF.H.BALKWILL inin
1880.1880.
In 1916,In 1916, J.H.PROTHEROJ.H.PROTHERO coined the termcoined the term
FULCRUM LINEFULCRUM LINE to identify the primary axis ofto identify the primary axis of
rotation.rotation.
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5. When occlusal loadWhen occlusal load
is applied to a distalis applied to a distal
extension removableextension removable
partial denture, thepartial denture, the
prosthesis rotatesprosthesis rotates
around a fulcrum linearound a fulcrum line
that passes through thethat passes through the
most posterior rests,most posterior rests,
one on each side of theone on each side of the
dental arch.dental arch.
This displacement isThis displacement is
resisted by broad andresisted by broad and
accurate adaptation ofaccurate adaptation of
the denture base to thethe denture base to the
supporting tissues.supporting tissues.
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6. Forces acting to dislodge the prosthesis inForces acting to dislodge the prosthesis in
occlusal direction occurs by sticky foods whichocclusal direction occurs by sticky foods which
pull on the artificial teeth and move thepull on the artificial teeth and move the
extension base away from the underlying ridges.extension base away from the underlying ridges.
Active tissues such as the tongue andActive tissues such as the tongue and
buccinator muscle also displace the denturebuccinator muscle also displace the denture
base during speech, mastication, or swallowing.base during speech, mastication, or swallowing.
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7. During these forces, theDuring these forces, the
associated fulcrum line passesassociated fulcrum line passes
through the tips of the retentivethrough the tips of the retentive
clasps and the anterior portionclasps and the anterior portion
of the prosthesis rotates in anof the prosthesis rotates in an
apical direction resulting inapical direction resulting in
unwanted prosthesisunwanted prosthesis
impingement into the softimpingement into the soft
tissues of the floor of the mouth.tissues of the floor of the mouth.
This impingement of theThis impingement of the
prosthesis into the floor of theprosthesis into the floor of the
mouth is negated as the fulcrummouth is negated as the fulcrum
line is transferred to the anteriorline is transferred to the anterior
rest which acts as an indirectrest which acts as an indirect
retainerretainer
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8. Indirect retainerIndirect retainer
““The component of a partial removableThe component of a partial removable
dental prosthesis that assists the direct retainersdental prosthesis that assists the direct retainers
in preventing displacement of the distalin preventing displacement of the distal
extension denture base by functioning throughextension denture base by functioning through
lever action on the opposite side of the fulcrumlever action on the opposite side of the fulcrum
line when the denture base moves away fromline when the denture base moves away from
the tissues in pure rotation around the fulcrumthe tissues in pure rotation around the fulcrum
line.line.
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9. Indirect retentionIndirect retention
““ The effect achieved by one or moreThe effect achieved by one or more
indirect retainers of a partial removable dentalindirect retainers of a partial removable dental
prosthesis that reduces the tendency for aprosthesis that reduces the tendency for a
denture base to move in an occlusal direction ordenture base to move in an occlusal direction or
rotate about the fulcrum line”rotate about the fulcrum line”
The concept of indirect retention wasThe concept of indirect retention was
originally described byoriginally described by Dr.W.D.CUMMERDr.W.D.CUMMER
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10. Action of indirect retainersAction of indirect retainers
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11. Auxiliary functions of indirect retainersAuxiliary functions of indirect retainers
When in positive contact with rest seat, an indirectWhen in positive contact with rest seat, an indirect
retainer contributes to the overall support andretainer contributes to the overall support and
stability of the prosthesis.stability of the prosthesis.
For long span lingual bar, it can provide additionalFor long span lingual bar, it can provide additional
support and rigidity to the major connector.support and rigidity to the major connector.
It tends to reduce anteroposterior-tilting leveragesIt tends to reduce anteroposterior-tilting leverages
on the principal abutments, particularly whenon the principal abutments, particularly when
isolated tooth is being used as an abutment.isolated tooth is being used as an abutment.
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12. Contact of its minor connector with axial toothContact of its minor connector with axial tooth
surfaces aids in stabilization and also acts assurfaces aids in stabilization and also acts as
auxiliary guiding plane when the tooth surface isauxiliary guiding plane when the tooth surface is
made parallel to the path of placement.made parallel to the path of placement.
Anterior teeth supporting indirect retainers areAnterior teeth supporting indirect retainers are
stabilized against lingual movement.stabilized against lingual movement.
It provides the first visual indications for the need toIt provides the first visual indications for the need to
reline an extension base partial denture by thereline an extension base partial denture by the
dislodgement of indirect retainers from theirdislodgement of indirect retainers from their
prepared rest seats when the denture base isprepared rest seats when the denture base is
depressed and rotation occurs around the fulcrum.depressed and rotation occurs around the fulcrum.
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13. Fulcrum lines inFulcrum lines in
various types ofvarious types of
partial edentulouspartial edentulous
arches and location ofarches and location of
indirect retainers.indirect retainers.
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14. Factors influencing effectiveness ofFactors influencing effectiveness of
the indirect retainers.the indirect retainers.
1. The principal occlusal rests on the primary1. The principal occlusal rests on the primary
abutment teeth must be reasonably held in theirabutment teeth must be reasonably held in their
seats, rotation about an axis should occur, whichseats, rotation about an axis should occur, which
activates the indirect retainers. If totalactivates the indirect retainers. If total
displacement of the rests occurs, there would bedisplacement of the rests occurs, there would be
no rotation about the fulcrum, and the indirectno rotation about the fulcrum, and the indirect
retainers would not be activated.retainers would not be activated.
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15. 2. Distance from the fulcrum line. The following2. Distance from the fulcrum line. The following
three areas must be considered:three areas must be considered:
a. length of the distal extension basea. length of the distal extension base
b. location of the fulcrum line & indirect retainer.b. location of the fulcrum line & indirect retainer.
c. how far beyond the fulcrum line the indirectc. how far beyond the fulcrum line the indirect
retainer is placed.retainer is placed.
3. All connectors supporting the indirect retainer3. All connectors supporting the indirect retainer
must be rigid .must be rigid .
4. The indirect retainer must be placed on a4. The indirect retainer must be placed on a
definite rest on which slippage or toothdefinite rest on which slippage or tooth
movement will not occur. Tooth inclines andmovement will not occur. Tooth inclines and
weak teeth should never be used.weak teeth should never be used.
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16. Forms of indirect retianersForms of indirect retianers
Auxiliary occlusal rests.Auxiliary occlusal rests.
Cingulum rests.Cingulum rests.
Incisal rests.Incisal rests.
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17. Occlusal restOcclusal rest
Occlusal rest isOcclusal rest is
most preferredmost preferred
because of itsbecause of its
location and verticallocation and vertical
orientation, permitsorientation, permits
forces to be directedforces to be directed
within the long axis ofwithin the long axis of
the abutment.the abutment. www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
18. Cingulum restCingulum rest
A cingulum rest isA cingulum rest is
commonly limited tocommonly limited to
maxillary caninesmaxillary canines
because of its normalbecause of its normal
morphology whichmorphology which
lends itself tolends itself to
appropriate rest seatappropriate rest seat
preparation withpreparation with
minimal recontouring.minimal recontouring.
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19. Incisal restIncisal rest
An incisal rest used as indirect retainer onlyAn incisal rest used as indirect retainer only
when all other rests are contraindicated.when all other rests are contraindicated.
It is given in maxillary and mandibular incisorsIt is given in maxillary and mandibular incisors
and mandibular canines.and mandibular canines.
Incisal rests are esthetically objectional andIncisal rests are esthetically objectional and
exhibit long approach arms that may transferexhibit long approach arms that may transfer
harmful tipping forces to abutmentsharmful tipping forces to abutments
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20. Most effective indirectMost effective indirect
retention is achievedretention is achieved
by preparing theby preparing the
incisor to receiveincisor to receive
either full coverageeither full coverage
restoration or a castrestoration or a cast
metal rest seat that ismetal rest seat that is
bonded to the lingualbonded to the lingual
surface of the tooth.surface of the tooth.
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21. Canine extensionsCanine extensions
from occlusal rests.from occlusal rests.
A finger like extensions from aA finger like extensions from a
premolar rest is placed on a lingualpremolar rest is placed on a lingual
slope of the adjacent canine tooth.slope of the adjacent canine tooth.
It is particularly applicable when aIt is particularly applicable when a
first premolar serves as a primaryfirst premolar serves as a primary
abutment.abutment.
No preparation is required onNo preparation is required on
cuspid. Such a design exploits thecuspid. Such a design exploits the
excellent indirect retention that theexcellent indirect retention that the
cuspid is capable of supplying andcuspid is capable of supplying and
combines it with the equallycombines it with the equally
excellent vertical support offered byexcellent vertical support offered by
the bicuspid.the bicuspid.
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22. Cingulum barsCingulum bars
( continuous bars )( continuous bars )
and linguoplatesand linguoplates ..
Technically these are notTechnically these are not
indirect retainers, becauseindirect retainers, because
they rest on unpreparedthey rest on unprepared
lingual inclines of anteriorlingual inclines of anterior
teeth, but proves to beteeth, but proves to be
effective if it is used with aeffective if it is used with a
terminal rest at each end.terminal rest at each end.
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23. Rugae supportRugae support
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24. ConclusionConclusion
The distal extension partial denture tends to rotate aroundThe distal extension partial denture tends to rotate around
the fulcrum lines, this movement away from the tissues can bethe fulcrum lines, this movement away from the tissues can be
resisted by the activation of the direct retainer, stabilizingresisted by the activation of the direct retainer, stabilizing
components of clasp assembly. Ultimately it is a indirectcomponents of clasp assembly. Ultimately it is a indirect
retainer, a part of the rigid component of the partial dentureretainer, a part of the rigid component of the partial denture
frame work that are located on the definitive rests on theframe work that are located on the definitive rests on the
opposite side of the fulcrum line away from the distal extensionopposite side of the fulcrum line away from the distal extension
base which is responsible to resist the movements away frombase which is responsible to resist the movements away from
the tissue .the tissue .
Hence the choice of the indirect retainer should be based onHence the choice of the indirect retainer should be based on
biologic as well as mechanical principles.biologic as well as mechanical principles.
The dentist responsible for the treatment rendered must beThe dentist responsible for the treatment rendered must be
able to justify the indirect retention used for each abutmentable to justify the indirect retention used for each abutment
tooth in keeping with these principles.tooth in keeping with these principles.www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
25. BibliographyBibliography
Mc Cracken’s –Removable partialMc Cracken’s –Removable partial
prosthodontics.prosthodontics.
Stewart’s – Clinical Removable partialStewart’s – Clinical Removable partial
prosthodontics- third editionprosthodontics- third edition
Ernest L. Miller – Removable partialErnest L. Miller – Removable partial
prosthodontics.prosthodontics.
Osborne & Lammie’s – RemovableOsborne & Lammie’s – Removable
prosthodonticsprosthodontics
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26. Thank you
For more details please visit
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