Nepal has become increasingly anti-Indian and pro-Chinese in recent years, despite historically having close cultural and economic ties to India. Many Nepalis now perceive India negatively due to delayed infrastructure projects from India and an perception that Nepal does not benefit equally from water agreements with India. Additionally, revelations that the Indian government secretly negotiated with Maoist rebels in Nepal to abolish the monarchy has further damaged India's image and led more Nepalis to support China instead. However, China cannot replace the deep geo-political and cultural relationship between Nepal and India that has existed for centuries. India needs to reconsider its policies towards Nepal to regain its traditional ally.
This document summarizes a seminar paper on relations between India and China. It discusses the long cultural and economic ties between the two neighboring countries, noting their shared ancient cultural heritage and influence. It describes relations in ancient times when scholars frequently traveled between the two countries. More recently, it mentions reports of a "secret cyber war" with India developing cyber weapons targeting China. It concludes by summarizing an agreement signed between the two countries to help resolve their long-standing border dispute.
Hina Rabbani Khar was born on 19 November 1977 in the landowner family of Kot Addu. Her father is feudal lord of kot Addu, Ghulam Noor Rabbani Khar and she is the niece of Ghulam Mustafa Khar. She is married to Feroze Gulzar and has two daughters, Annaya and Dina.
She graduated in Economics from LUMS in 1999 and completed her M Sc (Hon) in Business Management from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst in 20
This document provides a summary of the long-running conflict between the Naga people and the government of India in three parts. It discusses the origins and parties involved in the conflict, including the Naga people, the Indian government, other ethnic groups, and China. It analyzes the conflict through the three pillars of conflict model, addressing the behaviors and stances of the parties. It argues that lasting peace will only come if the grievances of the Naga people are addressed while also securing India's interests in border security and national unity. Both sides will need to make compromises to end the over 60-year conflict, including granting more autonomy to the Naga and removing repressive laws.
This document discusses insurgency in Northeast India and its cross-border connections. It makes three key points:
1) Various insurgent groups in Northeast India have received assistance from neighboring countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Bhutan and China in the form of weapons, funding, training facilities and safe havens.
2) Pakistan's intelligence agency ISI has supported insurgent groups through camps in Bangladesh and helped transport weapons across the porous borders. It has aimed to destabilize India by supporting insurgencies.
3) Bangladesh's poorly controlled borders have allowed insurgent groups to operate from its territory and receive support. Groups like ULFA have collaborated with Pakistan's ISI and trained in Bangladesh.
The document provides details about India's intervention in the Sri Lankan civil war between 1950-1990. It discusses how India initially supported Tamil militant groups in Sri Lanka and air dropped food aid. In 1987, India and Sri Lanka signed an accord that called for Tamil autonomy and for India to send a peacekeeping force (IPKF) to disarm militants. However, the IPKF ended up in conflict with the LTTE as they refused to disarm. The IPKF fought numerous battles against the LTTE over two years before withdrawing in 1990.
Crossed and Crucified - Parivar's War Against Minorities in Orissasabrangsabrang
The document provides context on the communal violence that occurred in Kandhamal district, Odisha, India in 2008. It discusses:
1) The prelude to the violence in December 2007 where 4 people were killed and churches/houses damaged during clashes between Kui activists and Christians over reservation issues.
2) How the major violence began in August 2008 after the killing of Hindutva leader Laxmanananda Saraswati, which the Sangh Parivar blamed on "Christian extremists", not Maoists as police suspected.
3) Over the next 2 months, 39 people were killed, 50,000 people displaced from their villages which had their houses gutted and belong
Myanmar drew the international spotlight when the world leaders including Prime Minister Modi, President Obama attended the ASEAN and East Asian Summit in Naypidaw last year on11 November.
Can we again revalidate the Swarna Bhumi - Bharat Bhumi natural links.
India shares 1700-km boundary with Myanmar, yet the absence of it in India’s foreign policy priorities has been a strange but serious omission. It is difficult to imagine how India’s otherwise astute leaders then allowed Burma to slide into seclusion and accepting Chinese hegemony to India’s detriment.
This document summarizes a seminar paper on relations between India and China. It discusses the long cultural and economic ties between the two neighboring countries, noting their shared ancient cultural heritage and influence. It describes relations in ancient times when scholars frequently traveled between the two countries. More recently, it mentions reports of a "secret cyber war" with India developing cyber weapons targeting China. It concludes by summarizing an agreement signed between the two countries to help resolve their long-standing border dispute.
Hina Rabbani Khar was born on 19 November 1977 in the landowner family of Kot Addu. Her father is feudal lord of kot Addu, Ghulam Noor Rabbani Khar and she is the niece of Ghulam Mustafa Khar. She is married to Feroze Gulzar and has two daughters, Annaya and Dina.
She graduated in Economics from LUMS in 1999 and completed her M Sc (Hon) in Business Management from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst in 20
This document provides a summary of the long-running conflict between the Naga people and the government of India in three parts. It discusses the origins and parties involved in the conflict, including the Naga people, the Indian government, other ethnic groups, and China. It analyzes the conflict through the three pillars of conflict model, addressing the behaviors and stances of the parties. It argues that lasting peace will only come if the grievances of the Naga people are addressed while also securing India's interests in border security and national unity. Both sides will need to make compromises to end the over 60-year conflict, including granting more autonomy to the Naga and removing repressive laws.
This document discusses insurgency in Northeast India and its cross-border connections. It makes three key points:
1) Various insurgent groups in Northeast India have received assistance from neighboring countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Bhutan and China in the form of weapons, funding, training facilities and safe havens.
2) Pakistan's intelligence agency ISI has supported insurgent groups through camps in Bangladesh and helped transport weapons across the porous borders. It has aimed to destabilize India by supporting insurgencies.
3) Bangladesh's poorly controlled borders have allowed insurgent groups to operate from its territory and receive support. Groups like ULFA have collaborated with Pakistan's ISI and trained in Bangladesh.
The document provides details about India's intervention in the Sri Lankan civil war between 1950-1990. It discusses how India initially supported Tamil militant groups in Sri Lanka and air dropped food aid. In 1987, India and Sri Lanka signed an accord that called for Tamil autonomy and for India to send a peacekeeping force (IPKF) to disarm militants. However, the IPKF ended up in conflict with the LTTE as they refused to disarm. The IPKF fought numerous battles against the LTTE over two years before withdrawing in 1990.
Crossed and Crucified - Parivar's War Against Minorities in Orissasabrangsabrang
The document provides context on the communal violence that occurred in Kandhamal district, Odisha, India in 2008. It discusses:
1) The prelude to the violence in December 2007 where 4 people were killed and churches/houses damaged during clashes between Kui activists and Christians over reservation issues.
2) How the major violence began in August 2008 after the killing of Hindutva leader Laxmanananda Saraswati, which the Sangh Parivar blamed on "Christian extremists", not Maoists as police suspected.
3) Over the next 2 months, 39 people were killed, 50,000 people displaced from their villages which had their houses gutted and belong
Myanmar drew the international spotlight when the world leaders including Prime Minister Modi, President Obama attended the ASEAN and East Asian Summit in Naypidaw last year on11 November.
Can we again revalidate the Swarna Bhumi - Bharat Bhumi natural links.
India shares 1700-km boundary with Myanmar, yet the absence of it in India’s foreign policy priorities has been a strange but serious omission. It is difficult to imagine how India’s otherwise astute leaders then allowed Burma to slide into seclusion and accepting Chinese hegemony to India’s detriment.
The document summarizes the emerging business power of China and India and its potential impacts on Nepal. It discusses how Nepal is located between the two largest and fastest growing economies. While this presents opportunities for Nepal to leverage its location for trade and tourism, it also poses challenges. The document analyzes economic data on GDP and growth trends. It suggests ways Nepal can capitalize on opportunities like being a transit point for China-India trade and attracting religious tourism from both countries. However, it also notes potential negative impacts like environmental damage and threats to Nepal's culture and independence. The presentation covers background, economic scenarios, data analysis, opportunities for Nepal, risks, and strategies to multiply GDP through foreign investment, agriculture, and infrastructure development.
Nepal suffered its worst earthquake in living memory on April 25th, with over 6,000 confirmed dead and many more still trapped under rubble. The earthquake affected over 8 million people, destroying countless homes, livelihoods, infrastructure, and historical sites while burying whole villages in some areas.
Nafta identical trade model for india, nepal and chinaAman Paul
The document proposes a trilateral trade agreement between India, China, and Nepal modeled after NAFTA. Such an agreement could eliminate tariffs and non-tariff barriers to food trade between the countries. This would benefit farmers and small food processors by giving them access to larger markets. It could also strengthen diplomatic relations and ensure greater food security by mitigating risks from demand and supply fluctuations. The proposal outlines provisions to encourage investment, protect local industries through quotas, and develop the food processing sector across the three countries.
This document summarizes Nepal's monetary policy objectives and implementation for 2013-2014 as established by the Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB). The key objectives were to support 5.5% economic growth, contain inflation to 8%, and maintain foreign exchange reserves to cover 8 months of imports. The policy focused on price stability, expanding access to financial services, and utilizing credit for productive sectors. Interest rates, reserve requirements, and open market operations were the primary monetary tools used to achieve these objectives and stabilize the economy.
This document provides information about India, Nepal, and Bhutan. It discusses the history and culture of India, including religions, languages, and festivals. It also provides facts about the population and geography of India. The document then summarizes some key aspects of Nepali and Bhutanese culture, such as traditional clothing, food, festivals, and architecture. It concludes with information about a school liaison program in the United States.
The Anglo-Nepal war resulted in the Treaty of Sugauli, which established a new border for Nepal and halted its unification campaign. While Nepal lost one third of its territory, it maintained its independence, though British influence in the country increased. Both sides experienced casualties and monetary losses, but the East India Company secured new territories and trade routes, while Gorkhali recruitment by the British began.
India liberalized its economy in 1991 which opened up trade and investment. Nepal also liberalized in the 1990s and signed a bilateral trade treaty with India in 1996 to support reforms. India remains Nepal's largest economic partner, accounting for over 40% of Nepal's trade. However, issues remain around the trade imbalance, unauthorized trade, and security concerns along the porous border. Both countries are exploring opportunities to increase cooperation in areas like hydropower, tourism, education, and foreign investment.
Nepal's geography places it between two large neighbors - India and China. Historically Nepal has had closer political and economic ties to India due to open borders and trade dependencies. However, in recent decades Nepal has pursued more independent foreign policy, diversifying relations with other countries like China. This has increased tensions with India at times, as India sees China's growing influence in Nepal as a security concern. Water resources are also an issue, as Nepal controls rivers that flow into India but has felt treaties favored India's interests over Nepali benefits. Maintaining balanced relations between both neighbors remains an ongoing challenge for Nepal.
1) The document discusses the dissolution of Nepal's Constituent Assembly in May 2012 and the relief felt by common people after it failed to deliver a new constitution despite repeated extensions of its term.
2) It analyzes India's role in facilitating the Maoists' rise to power in Nepal through meetings and agreements between Maoist leaders and Indian intelligence agencies from 2002 onwards.
3) It warns that democracy cannot be imposed from outside and must be built based on a country's own history, culture and values to be sustainable and avoid chaos. Forced elections alone do not produce accountable governance.
Bilateral Communication Practices Between China and IndiaHeather Mueller
This document analyzes the bilateral communication practices between India and China, and how misperceptions have led to increased tensions. It finds that many Indian leaders view competition in zero-sum terms, while Chinese leaders are more confident. There have been few successful diplomatic attempts to improve communications. Misperceptions lead to increased tensions if not addressed between governments and militaries. It is crucial for India and China to increase cultural and economic exchanges to build mutual understanding between their governments and militaries.
It throws lights on - Emergence of India as a global power, Indo-Pacific strategic arc, continued rise of China as a global power, increasing economic and strategic weight of East Asia, the Arc of Freedom and Prosperity, Pivot to Asia, the Heart of Maritime Asia and Pacific, India’s tough neighborhood, India’s relations with Bhutan, Maldives and Nepal,When the two bull fight; the ultimate victim will be the nearby small calf. India’s destiny and its South Asian neighbors.
It tells about what helped Narendra Modi be elected as India’s new prime minister and the new geo-political reset it demands.
While there was huge propaganda against Modi as a Hindu extremist supported mainly by Sadhus and saints, the elections revealed it were Indian youths who took him as an avatar of modernity and progress.
In reputed international Media, rise of Modi was claimed as India’s Abe, but Chinese experts have analyzed - he can be India’s Nixon.
If Modi’s rise and the new geo-strategic significances it carried, are well realized and if is followed with suitable policy adjustments in world capitals, the world will certainly be able to solve major global problems with grand new possibilities. Instead, if major powers fail to understand its significance with Modi, the world may make efforts to form new alliances that may initiate a new phase of Cold War.
This document provides an overview of India-China relations post-independence. It discusses the political and economic dimensions of their relationship. Politically, relations were strained after China seized Tibet and the two countries went to war in 1962 over their disputed border. Economically, bilateral trade has grown significantly, reaching $73.9 billion in 2011, though India faces a large trade deficit with China. The document also notes China's strategic efforts to encircle India by allying with countries on its borders like Pakistan and Myanmar.
This document provides a historical overview of key events in India from the early 20th century through the establishment of an independent republic in 1950. It discusses the nonviolent independence movement led by Gandhi and the Congress Party, the partition that created India and Pakistan, and the integration of princely states into the new republic under Sardar Patel. It also covers the conflict and plebiscite over the status of Kashmir.
India is an extremely diverse country with no clear sense of national identity. However, a growing urban middle class is fostering a new sense of common aspiration and ambition. This middle class, connected by technology and the market economy, is demanding better governance and holding politicians accountable. While reform is still slow, grassroots pressure from India's urban areas may be the catalyst for meaningful change from the bottom-up.
First india jaipur edition-26 november 2020FIRST INDIA
Welcome to the Official Website of First India E-Paper. We are the best ENGLISH NEWS PAPER in India with Special coverage of Rajasthan & Gujrat. Follow us for the LATEST NEWS & Top LIVE NEWS in India and around the world.
Visit:- https://firstindia.co.in/newspaper
This document summarizes a discussion between Mahalingam M. and Dr. Denison Jayasooria on issues related to the Malaysian Indian community and politics. Dr. Jayasooria compares the leadership styles of former and current heads of the Malaysian Indian Congress. He also comments on recent racial slurs in Malaysia, the growing racial divide under the current government, the destruction of historical Hindu-Buddhist sites, and the role of Puan Sri Janaky Athi Nahappan in the Malaysian independence struggle and MIC party.
The document discusses the Naxalite movement in India. It provides background on the origins of Naxalism in 1967 and describes the movement's goals of establishing a classless society and dismantling the current political system. It outlines some of the major Naxalite attacks in 2010 and lists the demands of the Naxalites, which include releasing political prisoners and recognizing tribal land rights. The document also summarizes the Indian government and Congress party's perspectives on addressing Naxalism through negotiations while tackling root causes of deprivation.
The impact of globalization in the emergence of civil society and identity co...Prakash Bohara
This document discusses the impact of globalization on identity conflict and the emergence of civil society in Nepal. It argues that globalization since the 1950s has contributed to identity conflict at both the macro (state) level and micro (group/individual) level in Nepal. At the macro level, globalization weakened the Rana dynasty and led to the establishment of democracy in 1950, but the monarchy later took power back and established a single party system. Growing awareness and influence from abroad helped spur opposition and a transition back to democracy in 1990. However, conflict continued between the Maoists and the state. At the micro level, globalization increased literacy, media access, and awareness of issues like gender and ethnicity, empowering marginal
This article provides a summary of a longer article remembering Jawaharlal Nehru by K Natwar Singh, a former Minister of External Affairs of India. The key points are:
- Natwar Singh met Nehru several times, including in New York in 1961 where Nehru had an unsatisfactory meeting with President Kennedy.
- After Nehru's death in 1964, Singh edited a book of tributes to Nehru by several world leaders and intellectuals like Bertrand Russell, Martin Luther King Jr., and U Thant.
- While Singh admired Nehru, he believes Nehru made mistakes in his handling of Kashmir and China policies, being too sentiment
1) The 1871-72 Census in British India sowed the seeds for partition by identifying populations by religion, stoking fears of minorities being dominated by majorities.
2) Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the All India Muslim League used this fear to advocate for a separate Muslim homeland, later known as Pakistan.
3) Communal violence broke out in the late 1940s, strengthening the case for partition and leading to the creation of India and Pakistan as two separate states in 1947 along religious lines.
The document discusses issues related to Dalits, minorities, and secularism in India. It notes that while India's constitution treats citizens well, problems still remain. The condition of Dalits, tribals, women, and minorities is still pitiable. A CPI-M letter notes the condition of Dalits has worsened, and laws meant to protect them are not fully implemented. The document also discusses concerns about religious freedom for minorities in India raised in a USCIRF report, and calls for the government to adhere to principles of secularism and equal treatment of all faiths.
The document summarizes the emerging business power of China and India and its potential impacts on Nepal. It discusses how Nepal is located between the two largest and fastest growing economies. While this presents opportunities for Nepal to leverage its location for trade and tourism, it also poses challenges. The document analyzes economic data on GDP and growth trends. It suggests ways Nepal can capitalize on opportunities like being a transit point for China-India trade and attracting religious tourism from both countries. However, it also notes potential negative impacts like environmental damage and threats to Nepal's culture and independence. The presentation covers background, economic scenarios, data analysis, opportunities for Nepal, risks, and strategies to multiply GDP through foreign investment, agriculture, and infrastructure development.
Nepal suffered its worst earthquake in living memory on April 25th, with over 6,000 confirmed dead and many more still trapped under rubble. The earthquake affected over 8 million people, destroying countless homes, livelihoods, infrastructure, and historical sites while burying whole villages in some areas.
Nafta identical trade model for india, nepal and chinaAman Paul
The document proposes a trilateral trade agreement between India, China, and Nepal modeled after NAFTA. Such an agreement could eliminate tariffs and non-tariff barriers to food trade between the countries. This would benefit farmers and small food processors by giving them access to larger markets. It could also strengthen diplomatic relations and ensure greater food security by mitigating risks from demand and supply fluctuations. The proposal outlines provisions to encourage investment, protect local industries through quotas, and develop the food processing sector across the three countries.
This document summarizes Nepal's monetary policy objectives and implementation for 2013-2014 as established by the Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB). The key objectives were to support 5.5% economic growth, contain inflation to 8%, and maintain foreign exchange reserves to cover 8 months of imports. The policy focused on price stability, expanding access to financial services, and utilizing credit for productive sectors. Interest rates, reserve requirements, and open market operations were the primary monetary tools used to achieve these objectives and stabilize the economy.
This document provides information about India, Nepal, and Bhutan. It discusses the history and culture of India, including religions, languages, and festivals. It also provides facts about the population and geography of India. The document then summarizes some key aspects of Nepali and Bhutanese culture, such as traditional clothing, food, festivals, and architecture. It concludes with information about a school liaison program in the United States.
The Anglo-Nepal war resulted in the Treaty of Sugauli, which established a new border for Nepal and halted its unification campaign. While Nepal lost one third of its territory, it maintained its independence, though British influence in the country increased. Both sides experienced casualties and monetary losses, but the East India Company secured new territories and trade routes, while Gorkhali recruitment by the British began.
India liberalized its economy in 1991 which opened up trade and investment. Nepal also liberalized in the 1990s and signed a bilateral trade treaty with India in 1996 to support reforms. India remains Nepal's largest economic partner, accounting for over 40% of Nepal's trade. However, issues remain around the trade imbalance, unauthorized trade, and security concerns along the porous border. Both countries are exploring opportunities to increase cooperation in areas like hydropower, tourism, education, and foreign investment.
Nepal's geography places it between two large neighbors - India and China. Historically Nepal has had closer political and economic ties to India due to open borders and trade dependencies. However, in recent decades Nepal has pursued more independent foreign policy, diversifying relations with other countries like China. This has increased tensions with India at times, as India sees China's growing influence in Nepal as a security concern. Water resources are also an issue, as Nepal controls rivers that flow into India but has felt treaties favored India's interests over Nepali benefits. Maintaining balanced relations between both neighbors remains an ongoing challenge for Nepal.
1) The document discusses the dissolution of Nepal's Constituent Assembly in May 2012 and the relief felt by common people after it failed to deliver a new constitution despite repeated extensions of its term.
2) It analyzes India's role in facilitating the Maoists' rise to power in Nepal through meetings and agreements between Maoist leaders and Indian intelligence agencies from 2002 onwards.
3) It warns that democracy cannot be imposed from outside and must be built based on a country's own history, culture and values to be sustainable and avoid chaos. Forced elections alone do not produce accountable governance.
Bilateral Communication Practices Between China and IndiaHeather Mueller
This document analyzes the bilateral communication practices between India and China, and how misperceptions have led to increased tensions. It finds that many Indian leaders view competition in zero-sum terms, while Chinese leaders are more confident. There have been few successful diplomatic attempts to improve communications. Misperceptions lead to increased tensions if not addressed between governments and militaries. It is crucial for India and China to increase cultural and economic exchanges to build mutual understanding between their governments and militaries.
It throws lights on - Emergence of India as a global power, Indo-Pacific strategic arc, continued rise of China as a global power, increasing economic and strategic weight of East Asia, the Arc of Freedom and Prosperity, Pivot to Asia, the Heart of Maritime Asia and Pacific, India’s tough neighborhood, India’s relations with Bhutan, Maldives and Nepal,When the two bull fight; the ultimate victim will be the nearby small calf. India’s destiny and its South Asian neighbors.
It tells about what helped Narendra Modi be elected as India’s new prime minister and the new geo-political reset it demands.
While there was huge propaganda against Modi as a Hindu extremist supported mainly by Sadhus and saints, the elections revealed it were Indian youths who took him as an avatar of modernity and progress.
In reputed international Media, rise of Modi was claimed as India’s Abe, but Chinese experts have analyzed - he can be India’s Nixon.
If Modi’s rise and the new geo-strategic significances it carried, are well realized and if is followed with suitable policy adjustments in world capitals, the world will certainly be able to solve major global problems with grand new possibilities. Instead, if major powers fail to understand its significance with Modi, the world may make efforts to form new alliances that may initiate a new phase of Cold War.
This document provides an overview of India-China relations post-independence. It discusses the political and economic dimensions of their relationship. Politically, relations were strained after China seized Tibet and the two countries went to war in 1962 over their disputed border. Economically, bilateral trade has grown significantly, reaching $73.9 billion in 2011, though India faces a large trade deficit with China. The document also notes China's strategic efforts to encircle India by allying with countries on its borders like Pakistan and Myanmar.
This document provides a historical overview of key events in India from the early 20th century through the establishment of an independent republic in 1950. It discusses the nonviolent independence movement led by Gandhi and the Congress Party, the partition that created India and Pakistan, and the integration of princely states into the new republic under Sardar Patel. It also covers the conflict and plebiscite over the status of Kashmir.
India is an extremely diverse country with no clear sense of national identity. However, a growing urban middle class is fostering a new sense of common aspiration and ambition. This middle class, connected by technology and the market economy, is demanding better governance and holding politicians accountable. While reform is still slow, grassroots pressure from India's urban areas may be the catalyst for meaningful change from the bottom-up.
First india jaipur edition-26 november 2020FIRST INDIA
Welcome to the Official Website of First India E-Paper. We are the best ENGLISH NEWS PAPER in India with Special coverage of Rajasthan & Gujrat. Follow us for the LATEST NEWS & Top LIVE NEWS in India and around the world.
Visit:- https://firstindia.co.in/newspaper
This document summarizes a discussion between Mahalingam M. and Dr. Denison Jayasooria on issues related to the Malaysian Indian community and politics. Dr. Jayasooria compares the leadership styles of former and current heads of the Malaysian Indian Congress. He also comments on recent racial slurs in Malaysia, the growing racial divide under the current government, the destruction of historical Hindu-Buddhist sites, and the role of Puan Sri Janaky Athi Nahappan in the Malaysian independence struggle and MIC party.
The document discusses the Naxalite movement in India. It provides background on the origins of Naxalism in 1967 and describes the movement's goals of establishing a classless society and dismantling the current political system. It outlines some of the major Naxalite attacks in 2010 and lists the demands of the Naxalites, which include releasing political prisoners and recognizing tribal land rights. The document also summarizes the Indian government and Congress party's perspectives on addressing Naxalism through negotiations while tackling root causes of deprivation.
The impact of globalization in the emergence of civil society and identity co...Prakash Bohara
This document discusses the impact of globalization on identity conflict and the emergence of civil society in Nepal. It argues that globalization since the 1950s has contributed to identity conflict at both the macro (state) level and micro (group/individual) level in Nepal. At the macro level, globalization weakened the Rana dynasty and led to the establishment of democracy in 1950, but the monarchy later took power back and established a single party system. Growing awareness and influence from abroad helped spur opposition and a transition back to democracy in 1990. However, conflict continued between the Maoists and the state. At the micro level, globalization increased literacy, media access, and awareness of issues like gender and ethnicity, empowering marginal
This article provides a summary of a longer article remembering Jawaharlal Nehru by K Natwar Singh, a former Minister of External Affairs of India. The key points are:
- Natwar Singh met Nehru several times, including in New York in 1961 where Nehru had an unsatisfactory meeting with President Kennedy.
- After Nehru's death in 1964, Singh edited a book of tributes to Nehru by several world leaders and intellectuals like Bertrand Russell, Martin Luther King Jr., and U Thant.
- While Singh admired Nehru, he believes Nehru made mistakes in his handling of Kashmir and China policies, being too sentiment
1) The 1871-72 Census in British India sowed the seeds for partition by identifying populations by religion, stoking fears of minorities being dominated by majorities.
2) Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the All India Muslim League used this fear to advocate for a separate Muslim homeland, later known as Pakistan.
3) Communal violence broke out in the late 1940s, strengthening the case for partition and leading to the creation of India and Pakistan as two separate states in 1947 along religious lines.
The document discusses issues related to Dalits, minorities, and secularism in India. It notes that while India's constitution treats citizens well, problems still remain. The condition of Dalits, tribals, women, and minorities is still pitiable. A CPI-M letter notes the condition of Dalits has worsened, and laws meant to protect them are not fully implemented. The document also discusses concerns about religious freedom for minorities in India raised in a USCIRF report, and calls for the government to adhere to principles of secularism and equal treatment of all faiths.
Nepal has historically balanced relations between China and British India/India due to conflicts over Tibetan territory and control. In recent decades, Nepal has strengthened ties with China through establishing diplomatic relations in 1955, normalizing borders in 1960, and agreeing to infrastructure projects like roads and railways connecting Nepal to China. While Nepal maintains close economic and military cooperation with India, the Maoist-led government since 2008 has sought to decrease Indian influence and establish stronger relations with China in order to preserve Nepal's independence and sovereignty.
The document discusses Jawaharlal Nehru's view that foreign relations are the fundamental test of a country's independence. It then provides context on India's foreign policy goals of promoting peace and maintaining just relations between nations according to the constitution. Several principles and determinants of India's foreign policy are outlined, including non-alignment and focusing on neighborhood peace and development.
The document discusses the geopolitical situation of Nepal and its relationships with India and China. It argues that for Nepal to achieve stability and prosperity, it needs the support of its neighbors India and China. It proposes that Nepal, India, and China develop a multilateral treaty under UN auspices to guarantee Nepal's security and address the concerns of all parties. This would create a framework where Nepal can meet the security needs of India and China while also achieving peace and development.
Hindutva movement and future of muslim minorities in secular india 7.pptxtayyabaehtesham
- The document discusses the Hindutva movement in India and its impact on Muslims as a minority group. It explores how the BJP has used Hindutva ideology for political gains, marginalizing Muslim minorities and undermining India's secular status.
- The research aims to examine Muslims' political strategies and the BJP regime's policies regarding issues like Muslim resettlement, as well as how organized politics can help minority groups face extremism.
- Key findings include the othering and disproportionate treatment of Muslims, Hindutva's hegemony marginalizing Muslim history and culture, and the need for Muslims to maintain their identity while acknowledging the government's authority.
नेपालले वर्तमानमा भोगिरहेको पारवहन सङ्कटको स्थितिमा तात्कालिक र दीर्घकालीन रुपमा रेसम मार्गको सान्दर्भिकता बुझ्न उपयोगी हुने ठानिएको यो लेख गत कार्तिक ३ गते अन्नपूर्ण पोस्टमा छापिएको थियो !
It throws lights on challenges of American Presidency and why Hillary Clinton is deserving candidates in 2016 presidential election , what are her challenges and others.
1. William Henry Seward, an American politician in the 19th century, correctly predicted that the Pacific Ocean would become increasingly important globally due to rising trade and commerce between countries like the US and China.
2. Seward played a key role in expanding American influence and territory in the Pacific, including securing Alaska and Hawaii for the US. He also advocated for infrastructure like the transcontinental railroad to better connect the US to the Pacific coast.
3. In recent decades, Seward's vision of increased importance of the Pacific has come to pass, with the US and China emerging as the two dominant powers in the region due to their large and growing economies and trade relationships. Both countries are asserting their influence through diplomatic
संवैधानिक, कानुनी, राजनीतिक, सामाजिक, सांस्कृतिक र आर्थिक संस्था र संगठनहरू कसैको नियन्त्रणमा छैनन्। मुलुकमा कुनै सन्तुलनकारी शक्ति छैन। बाह्य शक्तिहरूका परस्परविरोधी स्वार्थको प्रकट र प्रच्छन्न अभिव्यक्ति र क्रियाकलापविरुद्ध उनीहरूलाई संयमित रहने र सचेत गराउने संस्थाको अभावमा मुलुकको एकता र अखण्डतामाथि मुलुकभित्र र बाहिरबाट पनि प्रश्नैप्रश्नको ओइरो लागेको छ।
The article describes about the inspiring personality of wold's most influential foreign policy analyst of our time and his majestic recent book" World Order"
The return of Mackinder’s Heartland Theory with new strategic development in Eurasia, Defense Partnership and Alliances in the Heartland, Major Asian Power- Groping their way Amid Extremism including Test Case for India and China in Strategic Asia .
भारत र चीन को उदयसंगै जापान संगको सम्वन्धमा उनिहरुको प्रभाव र शक्ति विस्तारको क्रममा एसियामा विकाश हुँदै गएको रणनीतिक चुनौतीमा नेपालका चुनौती र सम्भावना बारे चर्चा गरिएको लेख
ठूला र शक्तिशाली राष्ट्रहरुको अत्यन्त जटील भूराजनीतिक स्वार्थहरुको भुङ्ग्रोमा साना राष्ट्रहरुले कसरी आफ्नो राजनीतिक स्थीरता,आर्थिक संवृद्धि, राष्ट्रिय सुरक्षा र प्रजातान्त्रिक प्रणालीको सफलतालाई सुनिश्चित गर्न सक्छन भन्ने बारे नेपालको सन्दर्भमा प्रकाश पारिएको लेख
It throws lights on the links between King Birendra's Zone of Peace Proposal, BP Koiraalaa's Policy of National Reconciliation and India's policy of Nepal's Tarai
यो लेखमा नरेन्द्र मोदीको पछिल्लो नेपाल भ्रमणमा उनले नेपालमा आर्जन गरेको विश्वासको सङ्क्षिप्त वर्णन सहित भाजपाको विदेशनीतिका मार्ग दर्शक सिद्धान्त, नेपालको सन्दर्भमा त्यसको मर्म र अर्थ सहित अटल बिहारी बाजपेयी सरकारको नीतिको निरन्तरताको क्रममा मनमोहन सिंह सरकारको पालामा नेपालमा राजतन्त्रको समाप्तिका सन्दर्भ सहित नेपाल भारत सम्वन्धमा भावी सम्भावना उल्लेख गरिएको छ I
NARENDRA MODI’S AND XI JINPING’S HISTORIC ROLES AMID THREATS AND CHALLENGESKeshav Prasad Bhattarai
Includes- Contradictions in India and China Relations ,India and China: Living with the Common Threats of Terrorism and Joint Responsibility of Modi and Jinping
पानीसिर्जित संकट र चुनौती,समस्या पानी, समाधान पानी,नेपाल र भारत र बृहत्तररूपमा दक्षिण एसियाका मुलुकमाझ यिनै अभ्यास, मूल्य, संस्कृति, संरचना र अभिप्रेरणा लगानी गर्नमा भारतको नयाँ राजनीतिक नेतृत्वको दूरदृष्टि, इच्छाशक्ति र प्रतिबद्धता अपेक्षित छ ।
How Americans are loved in Vietnam despite a brutal war? How China has to secure global leadership amid so many internal and external challenges? How China is eager to claim a global leadership - while living with Few Friends but with more Rivals? What are the prospective Political Reforms that follows the full commitment to UNIVERSAL HUMAN VALUES, CAN GIVE CHINA A WIDER GLOBAL RECOGNITION AND ACCEPTABILITY FOR ITS GLOBAL LEADERSHIP.
शक्ति र सत्तामा रहेकाहरुको आर्थिक स्वार्थमा, आधात पर्ने वित्तिकै कसरी शासन सत्ता ढल्दछ, र कसरी सरकारहरु आम जनताको हितमा आवश्यक प्रभावकारी आर्थिक नीति अवलम्वन गर्न र प्रजातन्त्रलाई सवाल बनाउन भन्दा-- शासक वर्गकै हितमा केन्द्रित राज्य संचालन नीति अवलम्वन गर्न पुग्छन, भन्ने वारे नेपाल र विश्व सन्दर्भ समेटिएको लेख
प्रजातन्त्र कसरी अशासित पहुन्छ र कुशासन र निरङ्कुश शासनभन्दा खराव हुन पुग्दछ,
विकल्प निरंकुशता कि विधिहीनता ? तथा यक्ष युधिष्ठिर सम्वाद, धर्म र कानुनलाई हाम्रो सन्दर्भमा प्रस्तुत गरिएको I
1. The document discusses India's rise from an economically struggling and politically unstable country in the early 1990s to a major global economic power under accidental and deliberate leadership.
2. It highlights how P.V. Narasimha Rao and Manmohan Singh accidentally came to power but deliberately and successfully implemented economic reforms that stabilized India and led to strong growth.
3. It argues that Narendra Modi, who could become the next Prime Minister, represents a shift to more assertive and visionary leadership compared to previous accidental leaders, and that under his leadership India may continue reinventing itself and realizing its potential on the global stage.
This document discusses the crisis in Ukraine and Crimea's annexation by Russia, as well as broader issues related to the expansion of NATO and use of democracy and freedom as strategic tools. It argues that expanding NATO and using democratic ideals to advance strategic interests has undermined stability in Eastern Europe and democracy globally. The document advocates for an approach grounded in equilibrium and restraint between major powers.
1. INDIA’S NEPAL POLICY – ANALYSIS
September 3, 2012
By Keshav Prasad Bhattarai
India is making hard attempts to mark its arrival to the apogee of global power. It has
earned worldwide admiration for its identity as the world’s largest democracy,
vibrant economy and also as a country with world’s largest stock of most competent
youth power. However its closest neighbor in the North – Nepal has surprisingly
become an avid anti- Indian. With growing prominence of India on global affairs,
majority of Nepali people have startlingly begun to side with China- a preeminent
global power after America. But it is equally true that China can never become
strategic partner of Nepal vis-à-vis to India.
However, never in history has China been so popular and India so unpopular in Nepal.
All sections of Nepali people have a shared feeling that behind all the mess that is
prevailing in Nepal, some kind of Indian design is working. Next to India it is widely
believed that some European countries via various NGOs and INGOs are investing
against the unity and integrity of Nepal.
A Memorandum of Understanding between Nepal and China on the 750 – MW project
West Seti Hydro Project, signed between Nepal and China was a fine example of how
Nepal perceives China. No voice was raised even though the government had put aside
all the basic legal procedures in award of $ 2 billion project. Had the government
allotted even a minor project to any Indian company this way, it would have invited
untoward problems for the government. But with this, (agreement with China) the
government has strengthened its support base and even the strongest pro –Indian
lobby have acquiesced it without making any fuss.
Depending on their interest in power game, politicians might have different
orientations in defining Nepal’s relations with India, but Nepalese people had always
developed a deep sense of regards for India. In truer sense Nepalese were born proIndian. India was their next home, abode of learning, enlightenment, faith and the
sacred land for their ultimate MOKSHA. It was a place where Nepali could take
refugee at their hardest time. Even today thousands of people without any means for
their livelihood, find their way to India.
The political division between two countries mattered less for people. Whenever
governments of both countries differed and brought problems to their lives, their
cultural roots, traditional values, religion and common socio-economic bonds could
easily imbibe the friction soon and restore the normal situation. But time has
changed. People with indivisible geo-cultural and economic linkages living from high
mountains to Terai are making massive efforts to prove that they are different than
Indians and are trying to distance with them.
2. There may be many reasons but let’s note few: first Indians are infamous for delaying
the projects they undertake. For example the Pancheshwar Multipurpose project also
known as Mahakali Treaty signed in 1996, that many in Nepal hoped would end their
poverty and un-development has not moved a bit. People continue to live in dire
poverty and even in rainy seasons they are living with long hour power cuts. The MOU
on Upper Karnali and Arun III that was signed with a reputed Indian Multinational
company GMR Energy and the other a government undertaking have been stalled for
more than four years.
The second general perceptions here is : in all water resources agreement with India,
Nepal is less benefitted. Therefore, any deal with the Chinese has the marked edge
over the Indians and more preferable, considered as a courageous act and assertion of
national independence and sovereignty.
The third is the colonial mindset of Indian politicians, bureaucrats, diplomats and
even Indian public and professionals. Evidentially some political foul players and
intelligentsia engaged in anti- Indian designs in both India and Nepal have worked
hard in fanning common Nepali psyche go feverishly anti- Indian.
Of late the revelation made by people like S.D. Muni and former Indian foreign
secretary Shyam Saran – who publicly gloat that when Maoist were killing innocent
people and were engaged in mass torture in Nepal, the office of the Indian Prime
Minister (PMO) and Indian intelligence agencies were making a secret deal with the
Nepalese Maoist and were facilitating them to capture state power and abolish the
monarchy – much earlier than King Gyanendra took the rein of state power in his hand
directly.
Surprisingly it was the office of Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee widely perceived
here as having his unflinching support for Nepal’s distinct identity and its democracy
presided over decisions which caused never ending political instability in Nepal. Mr.
Vajpayee’s most trusted lieutenant, National Security Advisor – Brajesh Mishra –
securing the permission from Vajpayee made a deal with Nepali Maoist and a part of
the deal was to abolish monarchy in Nepal. More shocking was that the world’s largest
democracy reached a deal with an organization that was officially declared terrorists
by its own country and had connived at abolishing the age old constitutional
institution from Nepal.
Advani, Rajnath And Nepal
Another startling state of affairs was described by Vajpayee’s long time associate and
his the deputy prime minister in charge of home affairs: L.K. Advani a three time
president of Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). Advani in his book – My Country My Life, has
accused the government of Dr. Manmohan Singh following double standards in dealing
Indian Maoist. He states that Dr. Singh on the one hand rightly declared that naxalism
3. was the biggest threat to India’s internal security on the other; his party has often
taken the help from the Maoist groups in short term electoral gains.
Advani has expressed disappointments with the failures of Manmohan government “to
explicitly mention the well-known link between the Maoist insurgents in Nepal and the
naxal outfits in India. The two are twin brothers both being the offspring of the global
monster of communist extremism. Soft corner for the Maoist in Nepal, whose
insurgency has caused thousands of lives and greatly destabilised the Himalayan
kingdom is a dangerous policy . . . . . It has been my party’s consistent stand that (a)
Nepal should have a vibrant and effective multi-party democracy; (b) the framework
of constitutional monarchy should be preserved, since it is a symbol of Nepal’s
identity and sovereignty . . .”
Had Advani known about the secret deal between his PMO and Nepali Maoists, he
might not have written what he mentioned in his book in 2008. Furthermore,
according to a knowledgeable person who does not want his name to be quoted, when
some royalist approached the Rajnath Singh Advani’s successor as BJP chief, seeking
his intervention to oppose the anti- monarchy design hatched in India and being
implemented in Nepal, Mr. Singh flatly turned it down citing King Gyanendra’s proChina policy especially in SAARC and supported the Maoist stand against the monarchy
instead.
India’s pro- Maoist stand had created some ripples in Indo- U.S. relations too.
According to wikileaks U.S. Ambassador to Nepal Michael Malinowski hinting the
secret deal between the Indian government and Maoist asked his Indian counterpart in
Nepal Shyam Saran to explain Indian position after Maoist had killed two Nepali
security guards at the U.S. Embassy in Kathmandu in 2002. Saran after contacting
Mishra in New Delhi tried hard to clarify that India was not operating on cross
purposes in their policies toward Nepal and Nepali Maoists and it was not working with
Maoist to attack or to threaten US interests in Nepal.
RSN Singh in a book – Threat from China edited by Bharat Verma, has quoted from the
diary of H. Lal, Head of Indian Aid Mission to Nepal (1957-60). Hinting to King
Mahendra, he advised that if the political stalemate continues in Nepal more and
more people will be leaving Nepali Congress and join communists while as a gladiator
the King “may cut off the heads of Nepali Congress leaders, you cannot cut the heads
of communists. They do not expose their heads. That lies in some other country.
There are only limbs here. They will grow more limbs . . . .” Which was the country
Mr. Lal indicated that time, is not known, but he might never have imagined that the
country he hinted could one day be his own country – India.
Advent of modern transport and communication facilities may open new opportunities
for Nepal in its geo-economic relations with China, it may help Nepal in many ways
mainly in managing its geographical deficit against India, but China in no way can
compensate the geo-political and geo-cultural relation existing between Nepal and
India for centuries. Therefore, Nepal has to accentuate and reinvent its relations with
India without impairing its relations with China a bit.
4. But evidently if India continues to create vacuum to serve its shortsighted policy goals
dogged by the prejudices of its masters rather than the long term interests of the
nation, its nearest and long time strategic ally will continue to distance from it, that
in long run may be detrimental to its larger security interests.
This article appeared in The Reporter Weekly and is reprinted with permission.