The document discusses the history, culture, society, and diversity of India. It notes that the Indus Valley Civilization was one of the earliest civilizations and the Vedic period saw the rise of Hinduism and the caste system. India's population is comprised of various ethnic groups including Proto-Austroloids, Indo-Aryans, Dravidians, and Indo-Mongolians. The country also has religious, linguistic, and regional diversity and variations in development levels between states.

1. PROF. PRITI THAKKAR
SIES COLLEGE OF COMMERCE
AND ECONOMICS

2. India’sIndia’s
HistoryHistory
 The Indian civilization is ancientThe Indian civilization is ancient
 Indus Valley Civilization was one of the firstIndus Valley Civilization was one of the first
civilizations on earthcivilizations on earth
 The Vedic period was a time in Indian history whenThe Vedic period was a time in Indian history when
the Hindu religion and caste system began in Indiathe Hindu religion and caste system began in India

3. Indian CultureIndian Culture

4. INDIAN
SOCIETY

6. Proto-AustroloidsProto-Austroloids
Primitive tribes.Primitive tribes.
Contributions to art of pottery.Contributions to art of pottery.
Still uncivilised.Still uncivilised.
Kols, Santhals of ChotaKols, Santhals of Chota
Nagpur,Bhils of Rajasthan,Nagpur,Bhils of Rajasthan,
Todas of Nilgiris and Gonds ofTodas of Nilgiris and Gonds of
MPMP

7. Indo-AryansIndo-Aryans
Tall-statured.Tall-statured.
Long-headedLong-headed
Fine long- nosedFine long- nosed
Contributed to vedic literatureContributed to vedic literature
North-west part of India fromNorth-west part of India from
Kashmir to RajputanaKashmir to Rajputana

8. DravidiansDravidians
 Short-statured.Short-statured.
 Black / Dark complexion.Black / Dark complexion.
 Dark eyes .Dark eyes .
 Plentiful hairs.Plentiful hairs.
 Broad nose.Broad nose.
 Developed the city cultureDeveloped the city culture
 Southern India and Deccan Plateau.Southern India and Deccan Plateau.

9. Indo-MongoliansIndo-Mongolians
Short staturedShort statured
Yellow colouredYellow coloured
Snub- nosedSnub- nosed
Flat faceFlat face
Sikkim, Bhutan ,Almora andSikkim, Bhutan ,Almora and
Assam hillsAssam hills

10. Unity In DiversityUnity In Diversity

12. Multi-CulturalMulti-Cultural
 Dress, crafts, Food, Arts, LuxuriesDress, crafts, Food, Arts, Luxuries
 Houses, diff building materialsHouses, diff building materials
 Music and DanceMusic and Dance
 Proto-Austroloids- art of pottery andProto-Austroloids- art of pottery and
totemismtotemism
 Dravidian-city culture and religiousDravidian-city culture and religious
practicespractices
 Indo-Aryan- vedic literatueIndo-Aryan- vedic literatue

14. India’s People Have DifferentIndia’s People Have Different
Religious BeliefsReligious Beliefs
Hinduism-Hinduism-
Dharma,Dharma,
Artha , Moksha,Artha , Moksha,
(Pravritti and(Pravritti and
NivrittiNivritti
Marg)AndMarg)And
KamaKama

15.  Christianity- 10 commandmentsChristianity- 10 commandments
 Islam (Muslims)- 5 duties- belief in Allah, 5 timesIslam (Muslims)- 5 duties- belief in Allah, 5 times
prayers, giving Alms, Ramzan fasting, pilgimage toprayers, giving Alms, Ramzan fasting, pilgimage to
MeccaMecca
 Sikkhism- 5 Ks- Kesh, Kangha, Kara, Kirpan, andSikkhism- 5 Ks- Kesh, Kangha, Kara, Kirpan, and
KachhaKachha
 Buddhism- 85% buddhists in Maharashtra, GujaratBuddhism- 85% buddhists in Maharashtra, Gujarat
And RajasthanAnd Rajasthan
 Jainism- Followers of Lord MahaviraJainism- Followers of Lord Mahavira
 Judaism- Torah is holiest book of Jews as told to MosesJudaism- Torah is holiest book of Jews as told to Moses
on Mount Sinai. 50% lives in Manipur and Mizoramon Mount Sinai. 50% lives in Manipur and Mizoram
 Zorastrianism – Zend Avesta is holy book of ParseesZorastrianism – Zend Avesta is holy book of Parsees

16. Demographic CompositionDemographic Composition
 2.4% (32.9 lakh sq km ) land area2.4% (32.9 lakh sq km ) land area
 17.5% of world population17.5% of world population
 60% lives in UP, Maharashtra, Bihar, West60% lives in UP, Maharashtra, Bihar, West
bengal, MP and Tamilnadu.bengal, MP and Tamilnadu.
 50% is below 25years and 65% is below50% is below 25years and 65% is below
35 years35 years
 UP tops with 199.6 million followed byUP tops with 199.6 million followed by
Maharashtra with 112.4, followed by BiharMaharashtra with 112.4, followed by Bihar

18. Linguistic DiversityLinguistic Diversity
 1652 Languages Are There But Constitution1652 Languages Are There But Constitution
Recognised 22 Major Languages.Recognised 22 Major Languages.
 Indo- Aryan Family : North And Western India-Indo- Aryan Family : North And Western India-
Hindi, Marathi, Gujarati,punjabi, SindhiHindi, Marathi, Gujarati,punjabi, Sindhi
 Dravidian Family: Southern India- Kannada,Dravidian Family: Southern India- Kannada,
Malayalam, Tamil, TelguMalayalam, Tamil, Telgu
 Sino- Tibetan: North Bihar, North Bengal, AndSino- Tibetan: North Bihar, North Bengal, And
North Assam- Sikkimese, Ladakhi, Sherpa,North Assam- Sikkimese, Ladakhi, Sherpa,
Bodo, Manipuri, TipraBodo, Manipuri, Tipra
 Austric: Munda Or Kol Group- Central, EasternAustric: Munda Or Kol Group- Central, Eastern
And North- Eastern India- Khasi, Nicobarese,And North- Eastern India- Khasi, Nicobarese,
Santhali, MundariSanthali, Mundari

19. Regional VariationsRegional Variations
 Literacy- High In Kerala(94%) Mizoram, TripuraLiteracy- High In Kerala(94%) Mizoram, Tripura
And Goa And Low In Bihar(64%) ArunachalAnd Goa And Low In Bihar(64%) Arunachal
Pradesh, Rajasthan And Jharkhand.Pradesh, Rajasthan And Jharkhand.
 Birth Rate And Death Rate- High Birth AndBirth Rate And Death Rate- High Birth And
Death Rate In Bimaru StatesDeath Rate In Bimaru States
 Urbanisation- High Rates In Goa And MizoramUrbanisation- High Rates In Goa And Mizoram
And Low In Madhya Pradesh And BiharAnd Low In Madhya Pradesh And Bihar
 Poverty – 37% Lives Below Poverty Line NowPoverty – 37% Lives Below Poverty Line Now
Declined To 21.9%- High In Orissa, Bihar AndDeclined To 21.9%- High In Orissa, Bihar And
Madhya PradeshMadhya Pradesh

20.  Infrastructural Development – Transport, Banking,Infrastructural Development – Transport, Banking,
Communication Etc . Lack Of 50% In BIMARU StatesCommunication Etc . Lack Of 50% In BIMARU States
 Unemployment – Over 10% In Most Literate Staes OfUnemployment – Over 10% In Most Literate Staes Of
Kerala , Goa, And TamilnaduKerala , Goa, And Tamilnadu
 Industrialisation – Good Progress In Maharashtra,Industrialisation – Good Progress In Maharashtra,
Gujarat, Tamil Nadu And Karnataka. Weak In KeralaGujarat, Tamil Nadu And Karnataka. Weak In Kerala
And Andra Pradesh.And Andra Pradesh.
 Income Inequalities- High In Bihar, Madhya Pradesh,Income Inequalities- High In Bihar, Madhya Pradesh,
Rajashtan And UpRajashtan And Up
 Gender Ratio- In Favour Of Males. Kerala Females OutGender Ratio- In Favour Of Males. Kerala Females Out
Number Males.Number Males.
 Life Expectancy- Bihar, Mp And Up – Low For FemalesLife Expectancy- Bihar, Mp And Up – Low For Females
And Andra Pradesh, Tamilnadu Karnataka is highAnd Andra Pradesh, Tamilnadu Karnataka is high

21. RURAL

22. URBAN

23. TRIBAL

24. Diversity as DifferenceDiversity as Difference

25. India’s GovernmentIndia’s Government
India is theIndia is the
world’sworld’s
largestlargest
democracydemocracy