Glimpse of development of Indian fisheries post independence period, its growth and opportunities. Year-2013-2014

1. Growth and performance of
Indian Fisheries
INDIAN FISHERIES:
“The sleeping Giant,
its Growth &
Performance”
By,
Vinay Maruti Hatte
PhD Scholar,ICAR-CIFE Mumbai

2. The Reservoirs are underutilized and the
there is a huge gap between actual and
potential production from reservoirs. The
improvement of 160% can be seen if
properly managed.(Ayappan et al).
Cage culture in reservoir has a
potential of 10-15 tons/ha of
productivity.(Ayyapan 2012)
The Gulf of Mannar,Gulf of Katch,Palk
bay,Lakshadweep,A&N islands contains
huge resource of 180 marine ornamental
fishes which are totally untaped.(ICAR
report 2012)
The beels area estimated to posses
potential production levels of
1000-1500 Kg/ha/yr,but the
present level remains at only 100-
150kg/ha/yr.(CIFA report 2013)
The CMFRI and CIFT jointly prepared an
integrated perspective planfor the fisheries
development of Lakshadweep 2017,which
targets 15000 processed fish for export.
Why India is a “sleeping Giant”
Huge Aquatic resources!!
Coast line : 8129 km
 EEZ : 2.02 million sq. km
 Rivers : 29,000 km
 Reservoirs : 3.15 million ha
 Backwaters & Lagoons : 0.9 million ha
 Floodplain wetlands : 0.2 million ha
 Ponds : 2.41 million ha
 Irrigation canals : 0.12million km
Source-Hanbook of Fisheries(S.Ayyapan)

3. Introduction
• India is the second largest producer of fish in the world
contributing to 5.68% of global fish production.
• The fisheries sector is a source of livelihood for over 14.49
million people engaged fully, partially or in subsidiary
activities pertaining to the sector.
• Fisheries sector occupies a very important place in the socio-
economic development of the country.
• It has been recognized as a powerful income and employment
generator as it stimulates growth of a number of subsidiary
industries.

4. Present
Fisheries
Scenario
(2013-14)
Total fish
production=9.58
Mmt
Total prod=9.58
Mmt
Inland=6.14 Mmt
Marine=3.44
Mmt
Total Export=9,83,756
tons(Qty),
=Rs. 30213.26
crores(value
Total Growth
rate=5.9%
Inland=7.3%
Marine=3.7%
Source-DAHDF
2013-14

5. Percentage share of fisheries sector in Indian
agriculture
(Source: DAHD&F, 2013; CSO, 2013)
1.46
2.17
3.37
4.81 4.87
5.33
4.7
5.34
4.97 5.02 5.11
4.98 5.04 5.11
5.25
5.48
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
GDP to Agri
GDP to Agri

6. • Andhra Pradesh tops in total fish producing
2.04Mmt of fish,followed by West
bengal(1.58Mmt) and Gujrat(0.79Mmt).
• Gujrat leads in marine fish landing contributing
7.17 lakh tonnes followed by Tamil nadu with
6.88 lakh ton and Kerala with 6.71 lakh ton.
• AP leads the Inland fish production with 1.58Mmt
followed by West Bengal with 1.39 Mmt and UP is
third with 0.46 Mmt

7. Marine
71%
Inland
29%
1950-51
Fish Production
trends in India Marine
60%
Inland
40%
1990-91
Marine
36%
Inland
64%
2013-14
R² = 0.9266
-5
0
5
10
15
Production(Mmt)
Year
Total Fish Production
Total
Marine
48%
Inland
52%
2000-01

8. Fish Production Trend in India
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
1950-51
1960-61
1970-71
1978-79
1980-81
1982-83
1984-85
1986-87
1988-89
1990-91
1992-93
1994-95
1996-97
1998-99
2000-01
2002-03
2004-05
2006-07
2008-09
2010-11
2012-13
Production(000
tons)
Year
Marine
Inland
Total
Source-Handbook
of Fisheries
statistics(DAHDF)

9. 0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
0.03
0.035
0.04
0.045
0.05
1950-601960-701970-801980-901990-002000-10
CAGR
Year
CAGR for fish Production
CAGR for fish
Production

10. y = 0.0055x2 + 0.083x + 4.1096
R² = 0.9851
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Fish Production(Mmt)
Total
Poly. (Total)
8.98
9.22
9.67
9.995
10.353
10.721
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
Production(Mmt)
Year
Forecasted data of fisheries production 2020
Series1

11. Overview of Marine Fisheries
• The estimate of India annual marine fish landing
for the year 2013 is 3.78 million tons against all
time high of 3.94 Mt during 2012.
• It registers a decline of 1.56 lakh ton(4%).
• Gujarat contributed the highest at 0.66Mt
followed by Kerala with with 0.57Mt and Tamil
Nadu with 0.38Mt.
• In Maharashtra total fish landing was estimated
at 3.44 Mt an increase of 15.3%.

12. Phases for development of Marine
capture fisheries
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
1950-51 1960-61 1970-71 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2010-11
Production(000
tons)
Year
Marine
Source-CMFRI
rannual report
2012

13. 0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
Traditional Mechanised motorised
No.
of
Fishing
units
Type of Fishing fleet
Growth in marine fishing units
1997-98
2004-05
2008-09
The gross private capital investment in marine
capture fishery increased from Rs.4117 cr.in
1997-98 to 19514 cr. In 2008-09.(CIFT 2012-13)

14. Marine Fisheries Profile
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Production
State
State wise Marine Fish production(Mmt) in 2013
Series1
Source-CMFRI
Annual report
2013

15. Pelagic fishes contribution
Oil sardine
28%
Mackerel
23%
Ribbon
fish
12%
carangids
12%
other sardines
8%
Anchovies
7%
Bombay duck
6%
Tunnies
4%
Source-CMFRI
Annual report
2013

16. Demarsal fishes contribution
Threadfin breams
18%
croakers
18%
silverbellies
12%
catfishes
9%
Elasmobranch
5%
pomfrets
5%
Lizard fishes
6%
Other perches
13%
Misc
14%
Source-CMFRI
Annual report
2013

17. Molluscan contribution
51%
42%
3%
3%
1%
Squids Cuttle fish Octopus Bivalves Gastropods
Source-CMFRI
Annual report
2013

18. Contribution of crustaceans
41%
45%
9%
4%
1%
Penaeids Non Penaeid Crabs Stomatopods Lobsters
Source-CMFRI
Annual report

19. Most Fluctuated Fishery
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Production
(lakh
tons)
Year
Fluctuation Production trend of Oil Sardine catch
Total production
Contributed
0.1 -17% in
total marine
Landing
85% along
SW coast &
15% along
SE coast
Source-CMFRI
Annual report 2013
& Handbook of

20. 2.6
0.64
9.72
10.77
7.28
38.42 18.63
8.5
CHILLED ITEMS
LIVE ITEMS
DRIED ITEMS
FR.SQUID
FR.CUTTLEFISH
FROZEN FISH
FROZEN SHRIMP
OTHERS
1.99 1.1
7.43
7.83
8.56
20.42
44.17
8.5
CHILLED ITEMS
LIVE ITEMS
DRIED ITEMS
FR.SQUID
FR.CUTTLEFISH
FROZEN FISH
FROZEN SHRIMP
OTHERS
ITEM-WISE EXPORT OF MARINE PRODUCTS IN QUANTITY DURING 2013-14.
ITEM-WISE EXPORT OF MARINE PRODUCTS IN VALUE DURING 2013-14.
Source-MPEDA
Annual report
2013

21. Indian shrimp industry
• Shrimp is one of the largest single commodities in terms of
value and is accounted for nearly 40.32 % of total value of
seafood products traded internationally and values more than
US$ 17 billion.
• In India, there are around 56 species of shrimps available, out
of which only four have commercial importance.
• There is roughly around 351 shrimp hatcheries spread all over
the country. The installed production capacity for the same is
14 billion post larvae (PL).
• There are also about 200 hatcheries in production, which
have come with the output of about 7 billion PL.

22. • About 40% of the farmed area is under traditional farming
and remaining portion of the farmed area is under scientific
farming (Kurup B., 2008 and Vasudevan, 2002).
• During eighties, growth of shrimp farming was slow and
traditional farming accounted for a production of app.
30,000MT.
• In the next decade, during early nineties, an exponential
growth took place because of high export demands and
liberalized economic policies of the Indian government.
• The viral "white spot disease," which was first observed in
India in late 1994, has caused great damage to Indian shrimp
industry.

23. 28000
185990
136822
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000
200000
1988-89
1989-90
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
Culture shrimp production of india
culture shrimp production of india
2 per. Mov. Avg. (culture shrimp production of india)
SOURCE: MPEDA NEWSLETTER

24. • During the year 2011-12 the area utilized for shrimp aquaculture production was
123179 Ha which produced 216494 MT of shrimp.
Si.No State Area utilized (ha) Production (MT) Productivity
(MT/ha/year)
1 West Bengal 48558 45999 0.95
2 Odisha 8597 10901 1.27
3 Andhra Pradesh 35274 51081 1.45
4 Tamil Nadu 6332 12409 1.96
5 Kerala 12809 8138 0.64
6 Karnataka 650 609 0.94
7 Goa 53 51 0.96
8 Maharashtra 1098 1721 1.57
9 Gujarat 1971 4869 2.47
Total 115342 135778 1.18
Fig. State wise details of tiger shrimp farming during year of 2011-2012
Source:42nd annual report of SEAI.

25. S.No. State Area (Utilised (ha) Production (MT) Productivity
(MT/ha/Year)
1 Odisha 25 100 4.08
2 Andhra Pradesh 7128 75385 10.58
3 Tamil Nadu 397 2863 7.21
4 Karnataka 72 232 3.21
5 Maharashtra 127 941 7.41
6 Gujarat 88 1195 13.59
Total 7837 80717 10.30
Fig. State wise details of L.vannamei farming in 2011-2012.
Source:42nd annual report of SEAI.

26. Scenario of Inland Fisheries
• The total inland fish production estimated to be 6.14 Mt for
2013-14,in which 82% is contributed by Aquaculture sector.
• AP tops the Inland fish production by producing 1.58 Mt
followed by West Bengal which produces 1.41Mt of Fish.
• The 4 states i.e Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, UP & Bihar
contribtes 50% of the total Inland fish production.
 % change in Inland capture and Aquaculture Contribution
0
20
40
60
80
100
1984-85 1989-90 1994-95 1999-00 2004-05 2009-10 2013-14
%
contribution
Year
Inland(%)
Aquaculture(%)
Source-Hanbook of Fisheries(S.Ayyapan)

27. • The beels area estimated to posses potential
production levels of 1000-1500 Kg/ha/yr,but
the present level remains at only 100-
150kg/ha/yr.

28. Inland Fisheries
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
Production
State
State wise Total Inland fish Production(000 tons)2013-14
Production
Source-DAHDF
report 2013

29. Production trend in Inland Fish
production(2000-13)
2844.83
3209.88
3525.88
3844.84
4637.87
4981.25
6135.85
Year Wise Inland Fish Production(000 tons)
Production

30. India’s Projected Aquaculture production by
India by major spp. (000 tons)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
264 40 10
6912
381 447 534
175 12 13
4120
248 285 103
Year 2030
Year 2013
Source-Global food
policy report 2014-15

31. • The Inland Fish production of the country are
in the terms of- Resource Area
Rivers 29000 Km
Estuaries 0.3 M ha
Backwaters &
lagoons 0.19M ha
Reservoirs 3.15 M ha
Floodplain
wetland 0.2 M ha
Upland lakes 0.72 M ha
Ponds & Tanks 2.36 M ha Source-
Handbook(S
Ayyapan)

32. • India, is the second largest aquaculture producer in the
world.
• Freshwater aquaculture shows the overwhelming ten
fold growth from 0.37 tons to 4.92 Mt in 2013 ,with the
mean annual growth rate of 6%.
• It is estimated that only about 40% of the available
area of 2.36 Mha of ponds and tanks has been put to
use and there exist a scope of expansion.
• Value wise India’s aquaculture production has been
increased from 2393 to 9248 million US$ in 2001-2012.

33. Value of India’s Aquaculture
production from 2001-2012
Year
Production in
million US$
Source-FAO
database 2013

34. Major Gaps in Inland Sector(Potential for Fish production in Flood Plain
Wetland
• Flood plain Wetlands
State Area
(000 Ha)
Production(000 tons) % increase
Estimated Potential Gap
West Bengal 42.5 9.56 53.15 43.59 455.96
Bihar 40 4.80 30 25.20 525
Assam 100 12 95 83 691.67
UP 152 22.80 114 91.20 400
Other NE states 192 1.49 15.78 14.29 959.06
Total 526.5 50.65 307.93 257.28 507.96
Source-S.Ayyapan
et al

35. Potential for fish production in Reservoirs
Category Existing
Prod.
Potential
Prod.
Gap %
increase
Small 74.2 148.6 74.4 100
Medium 39.6 39.6 33.1 510
Large 57 57 44 337.4
Total 245.2 245.2 151.5 161.8
If Srilanka &
Indonesia can
then why not
India??
Possible to
achieve
production of
1.6 lakhT !!
0
20
40
60
80
Reservoir Avg.Yield(kg/ha)
Avg.Yield(kg/ha)
Source-Handbook of
Fisheries(S.Ayappan)

36. Export Performance
• During 2013-14 the volume of fish and fish products exported was
9,83,756 tonnes worth Rs. 30,213.26 crores as compared to 2009-10
(6,78,436 tonnes; Rs. 10,048.53 crores).
• This was due to L. Vannamei, an exotic shrimp variety, introduced in year
2009 along with guidelines framed for coastal aquaculture by the
Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries which accounted
for nearly Rs 20,000 crores of export, in 2013-14.
Export details 2012-13 2013-14 Growth %
Quantity
Tonnes
928215
983756 5.98
Value Rs.crore 18856.26 30213.26 60.23
Value US $
Million
3511.67
5007.70 42.60
Unit value
(US$/Kg)
3.78 5.09 34.55

37. Marine Products Export Performance(Tons)
75591
343031
813091
928215
983756
y = 61325e0.084x
R² = 0.9594
1980-81
1981-82
1982-83
1983-84
1984-85
1985-86
1986-87
1987-88
1988-89
1989-90
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
Qty(tons)
Qty(tons) Expon. (Qty(tons))
Total Quantity
in tons
Source-Indiastat
2013-14

38. Value wise export from India
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
Value(crore)
Year
Series1
Reached to 30,230 crores
in 2013-14
Source-Indiastat
2013-14

39. 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1980-85 1985-90 1990-95 2000-05 2005-10 2010-13
CAGR
CAGR
CAGR
CAGR for value wise export of Fish and
Fish products

40. Major Export market
• South East Asia continued to be the largest buyer of Indian marine
products with a share of 26.38% in terms of US $ value realization.
• USA is the second largest market with a share of 25.68% followed
by European Union (EU) (20.24%), Japan (8.21%), other countries
(8.20%), China (5.85%) and Middle East (5.45%).
• The exports to South East Asian Countries as shown positive growth
by 11.47%, 84.67% and 62.72% in terms of Quantity, Rupee value
and US dollar terms respectively.
• Exports to US had registered a tremendous growth of 19.94% in
quantity and 72.06% in US$ realization and is mainly attributed to
the export of Fr. Shrimp which showed a growth of about 34.81% in
volume and 92.40% in US$ terms.

41. Major markets for Indian marine
products(2013-14)
JAPAN USA
EUROPEA
N UNION
CHINA
SOUTH
EAST ASIA
MIDDLE
EAST
OTHERS
Share % Value(%) 8.16 25.63 20.29 5.85 26.63 5.29 8.15
Share % Qty(%) 7.27 11.27 17.76 7.7 38.63 5.9 11.47
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
%
share
Source-MPEDA
report 2013-14

42. Ornamental fish Export
India share
2% of total
asia’s export
Export
potential-30
million US$
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4 1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
Export
Year
Export performance of Ornamental Fishes (million US$)
Export
Export in 2012-13
-1 million
US$

43. Contribution of India to World Fish
production(%)
Year Total Marine Inland
1950 3.83 3.1 9.4
1955 3 2.46 6.64
1960 3.27 2.79 6.96
1965 2.68 1.85 9.89
1970 2.69 1.83 11.09
1980 3.46 2.53 11.29
1985 3.4 2.42 11.54
1990 3.29 2.3 10.23
2000 3.89 2.65 10.61
2005 4.22 2.92 9.83
2010 4.88 3.42 9.96
2013 6.42 3.35 9.91
Source-Handbook
of fisheries
statistics(2013-14)

44. Top 10 value wise export commodity
from Agriculture sector(2013-14)
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000
value(Rs.crore)
product
Source: APEDA data
base 2014
Fisheries products
contributes 12% of
total Agri Export

45. Concern
Over
PROTEIN
Percapita consumption of
Fish- 9.8 kg/annum
Fish eating population-
56%
Recommended -13
kg/annum
FAO report
2012-13

46. Projected change in per-capita Fish
protein intake from 2010 to 2030
Now that’s a
Good News !!
Source-Global food
policy report 2014-15

47. Concern over productivity
187
35 31 38 32 18 6.9 7 4 1
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Avg. Aquaculture Productivity(tons/ha)
Series1
industrialization of
Aquaculture must be
needed
Only 40% of 2.36 Mha
of pond and tanks used
can reached to
6.60 million tons if
productivity equals
china !!
Source:FAO
database 2012

48. Challenges
Shortage of
quality Seed
Low
utilization
and
productivity
of water
bodies
Impose of
Anti-
dumping
duty by US
in 2004
strict quality
control
standard by
Japan & EU
Single Product
and Single
Market oriented
Industry
Yield gap in
fisheries
resources
Post harvest
losses
Inadequac
y in
leasing
policy

49. Conclusion
• Fisheries sector plays a prominent role in the
agriculture GDP existing opportunities are
exploited in order to meet the7% contribution
in agriculture sector.
• Challenges in the fisheries is overcome by
proper planning, Programming and execution .
• The main focus should be towards sustainable
fisheries management and make Indian
fisheries sector globally competitive.

50. Acknowledgement
 I want to extend my gratitude to my Major
Advisor: Dr.Swadesh Prakash (Senior Scientist,
FEES Division)
 I am thankfull to Dr.M Krishnan,HOD,FEES
division for his support.
 I also want to thank Dr.Nalini Ranjan
Kumar(Principal Scientist,FEES division) for
guidelines.

51. Reference
• Sathianandan, T. V, Jayasankar, J., Kuriakose, S., Mini, K. G., & Mathew, W. T. (2011). Indian
marine fishery resources : optimistic present , challenging future, 58(4), 1–15.
• Fisheries, F. A. O. (2014). Value Statistics Database Updated to 2012, (March).
• Cmfri annual report 2013-14.
• Rani, P., Immanuel, S., & Kumar, N. R. (2014). Ornamental Fish Exports from India :
Performance , Competitiveness and Determinants, 1(4), 85–92.
• Sheikh, W., & Sciences, A. S. (n.d.). GROWTH AND COMPOSITION OF INDIAN Fisheries, (1),
92–104.
• Handbook of fisheries,ch-1,Overview of Indian ch-7,Fisheries,Reservoir fisheries2012-13,S
Ayyapan.
• Handook of Fisheries statistics,report2013-14,DAHDF.
• Global food policy report, International food policy research institute,2014-15
• A Corporate Strategy for “FISH FOR ALL” In India,M Krishnan, fao article
• Zacharia, U. (n.d.). Present and future scenario of indian marine fisheries.
• Division, F., & Delhi, N. E. W. (n.d.). Fisheries in India-Way Forward
• State, T., & Fisheries, W. (2014). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2014.
• World fish centre,2013,poverty & food security.
• State, T., & Fisheries, W. (2012-13). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2013.

52. THANK YOU