Indian Ocean plays a pivotal role in the global trade and economics and its strategic significance is also steadily increasing. Certain major aspects concerning non traditional security need in depth study and adoption of corrective measures by the Indian Ocean ring countries where India has to take a lead.

1. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
ON
INDIA AND THE INDIAN OCEAN

2. 20 – 22 March
at
Bhubaneswar,
India

3. Saturday, March 21
Afternoon Panel II

4. Parallel Session II
Non-Traditional Security Issues
in
The Indian Ocean Region

5. Introduction
by
Chair : Maj Gen (Prof) Nilendra Kumar
Director
Amity Law School, Noida

6. What is security?

7. SECURITY
is
the degree of resistance to, or protection
from harm. It applies to any valuable and
vulnerable asset such as a person dwelling,
community, nation or organisation.
…..2/-….

8. : 2 :
If it is not a case of existential threat then the
force or adverse efforts may be targeted at
something crucial to the functioning of the
threat in desired manner.

9. Traditional security is about a state’s ability
to defend itself against external threats.
Traditional security is also referred as
national security or state security.
…2/-….

10. : 2 :
Another way is to describe it as ‘hard’ security
while non traditional security is called ‘soft
security’.

11. Traditional security may be defined as absence
of threat to territorial integrity, political
independence or stability of a State from
external aggression or internal revolt.

12. Car security be ignored?

13. As a matter of prudence, security threats call for
urgent remedial measures from the State.

14. Non traditional security issues include areas
such as transnational organised crimes,
global terror, disaster relief, information
security, climate change and public health
epidemics, energy security and water security.

15. Non traditional security relates to aspects
other than traditional security where the
sources, nature, duration and intensity of
threat can be foreseen or identified and is
based on human or mechanical reasons.

16. Definition
Challenges to the survival and well being of
people and states that arise primarily out of
non military sources, such as climate
change, cross-border environmental
degradation and resource depletion,
infections diseases, irregular migration, food
shortages, people smuggling, drug
trafficking and other forms of transnational
crime.
Mely Caballero-Anthony

17. A statement of an intention to inflict pain, injury,
damage or other hostile action on someone in
retribution for something done or not done.

18. An unfortunate incident, that happens
unexpectedly and unintentionally, typically
resulting in damage injury.

19. Difference between threat and accident

20. 1946-54 - First Indo China War
1948 - Israel War of Independence
1954-58 - French Algerian War
1955-72 - First Sudanese Civil War
1956 - Suez Crisis
1959-73 - Vietnam War
…..2/-….

21. 1967 - Six Day War
1971 - Indo Pak Conflict
1980-88 - Iran Iraq War
1990-91 - Persian Gulf War

22. PARTIES OR
ACTORS
MEANS
HARD Nation states
against one another
or with non-state
actors
1.Armed Conflict
(covert/overt)
2.Terror
3.Cyber
4.NBC
5.Information
SOFT 1.Nation states
2.Non state actors
3.Corporates
1.Drugs
2.Counterfeit currency
3.Piracy
4.Trafficking

24. SIGNIFICANCE

25.  Critical waterway for global trade and
commerce.
 It is a medium for traffic for half of the
world’s containerized cargo, one third of its
bulk cargo and two third of its oil shipment.

26. A key factor in East-West exchange

27. carry
heavy traffic of petroleum and petroleum
products from the oilfields of the Persian
Gulf and Indonesia and contain an
estimated 40% of the world’s offshore oil
production.

28. An international organisation consisting of
coastal states bordering the Indian Ocean.
It comprises 20 member states and six
dialogue partners.

29. Australia Madagascar Sri Lanka
Bangladesh Malaysia Tanzania
Comoros Mauritius Thailand
India Oman UAE
Indonesia Seychelles Yemen
Iran Singapore
Kenya South Africa

30.  China
 France
 UK
 Egypt
 Japan
 USA

31. A few Relevant Terms

32. Effort is to strive for regional stability

33. REGIONAL STABILITY
means
maintaining stability in the region

34. It implies making the region more stable and
less prone to conflict, both internal and
external.

35. This refers to efforts to achieve compatibility
between the explosion of regional trading
arrangements around the world and the
global trading system as embodied in World
Trade Organisation. It is an effort to resolve
one of the central problems of contemporary
trade policy - in a manner just and balanced.

36. The term refer to organised crime co-
ordinated across national borders, involving
groups or networks of individuals working in
more than one country to plan and execute
illegal business ventures.

37. • International terror
• Piracy
• Counterfeit currency
• Illegal trade in small arms & light weapons.
• Drugs
• Illegal immigration
• Trafficking in persons
• Money laundering
• Cyber crime

38. It is undertaking of terrorist acts and
activities within the maritime environment,
using or against vessels or fixed platforms at
sea or in port or against any one of their
passengers or personnel, against coastal

39. facilities or settlements including tourist
resorts, port areas and port towns or seas.
Auth. The Council for Security Co-operation
in the Asia Pacific (CSCAP).

40. The term refers to entities that participate or
act in international relations. They are
organisations with sufficient power to
influence and cause a change even though
they do not belong to any established
institution of a state.

41. Date Port
2005 Sharm-el-Sheikh
Nov 2008 Mumbai
18 Jul 2012 Burgas near Bulgarian
Black Sea
03 May 2014 Mombassa, Kenya
25 Jun 2014 Lagos, Nigeria

42. Jan 2006 - Suicide attack on US
Navy destroyer near Aden
Sep 2013 - Failed terrorist attack on
Suez Canal ship
Sep 2014 - Al-Qaeda attack on
Parliament
Nov 2014 - Gunman attack on
Egyptian patrol ship

43. It incorporates the practice, military tactics,
and strategy that government, military,
intelligence, police and business organisations
use to combat or prevent terrorism.

44. Prevalent in weak or failed states along the
Indian Ocean.

45. 1. Any illegal acts of violence or detention, or any
act of depredation, committed for private ends
by the crew or the passengers of private ship or
a private aircraft, and detected.
i) On the high seas, against another ship or
aircraft or against persons or property on board
such ship or aircraft.
…2/-….

46. ii) Against a ship, aircraft persons or property
in a place outside the jurisdiction of any
state.
2. Any act of voluntary participation in the
operation of a ship or of an aircraft with the
knowledge of facts making it a private ship
or aircraft.
3. Any act inciting or of internationally
facilitating an act described in sub
paragraph above.

47. Reported near narrow straits, islands and
conflict regions of South East Asia
(Indonesia, Malaysia, Burma and Thailand)
and Yemen, Sudan, Pakistan, Myanmar and
Tanzania.

48.  Smaller cargo ships.
 Unarmed private yatches.
 Commercial fishermen
 Cruiseliners

49. $ 500 million has been paid for more than
200 ships captured – and ransomed back
from Somali pirates over the last decades.

50. DRUG TRAFFICKING

51. One of Asia’s two principal areas of illicit
opium production, where the space overlaps
Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan.

52. THREE LARGEST HEROIN AND OPIUM
PRODUCERS :
 Afghanistan
 Pakistan
 Myanmar

53. A major opium producing area of around
950,000 sq.kms that overlaps Myanmar,
Laos and Thailand.

54. Myanmar is the world’s second largest
producer of illicit opium after Afghanistan.

55. During four months of 2014, combined
Maritime Task Force ships seized more than
2000 kgs. of heroin being trafficked in dhows
via the Indian Ocean.

56. Taliban is assessed to have derived around
US $ 133 million from narcotics trade in
2011 which is approx. one third of its funding.

57. ILLICIT TRADE IN SMALL ARMS
AND LIGHT WEAPONS

58. Insurgents, armed gang members, pirates
and terrorists, they can all multiply their
lethality and terror through the use of
unlawfully acquired fire power.

59. Conservative estimates mention 7.5 to 8
million small arms being produced per year.

60. 1. Failure in Somalia
2. Growth in piracy in the Horn of Africa
3. Conflict in Afghanistan

61. Flow of SALW from Iran to Yemen and
onwards to the Eastern Mediterranean via
the Suez and between the Arabian
Peninsula and the Horn of Africa.

62. It is the migration of people across national
borders in a way that violates the
immigration laws of the destination country.

63.  Australia
 Bangladesh
 India
 Iran
 Libya
 Malaysia
…..2/-…

64.  Pakistan
 South Africa
 South Korea

65. There is a gradual but perceptible
movement of the fulcrum of the glob
economic and military exchanges away from
the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean, a shift
which is being keenly watched by national &
global institutions.

66. Growth of international trade and commerce
is intrinsically linked to a secure
environment, in all its varied dimensions.

67. CONCLUSION