This presentation contains detail about the Paris Agreement, India's efforts for reducing emissions through its initiatives like 175GW ambitious project, Cess on Coal energy etc.
My presentation at the "Third Annual Conference of the Transatlantic University Collaboration for Climate and Energy Law" on 28 April 2021 in Oslo https://www.jus.uio.no/nifs/english/research/events/2021/04-28-tucccel.html
January 2024. Carbon Capture is the process of capturing Carbon Dioxide gas (CO2) produced by industrial processes, preventing its release into the atmosphere.
The primary goal of carbon capture is to reduce carbon emissions, because carbon dioxide is the primary Greenhouse Gas (GHG) contributing to climate change.
Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS), also known as (CCS), refers to a suite of technologies that perform carbon capture.
CCUS involves four stages: capture, transport, storage, and use.
CCUS technologies include Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR), carbon sequestration, Direct Air Capture (DAC), and carbon absorption by Ammonia.
Policy wise, growing recognition of CCUS role in meeting net zero goals is translating into increased policy support for CCUS deployment. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) have outlined an important role for CCUS to reach net zero emissions by 2050, directly supporting Sustainable Development Goal SDG13: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.
In this slideshow, you will learn about the definition, technologies, benefits, challenges, UN policy, and global statistics of carbon capture. Discover how CCUS technologies can reduce global carbon emissions by up to 90% to accelerate the clean energy transition and meet net zero emission goals by 2050.
This document discusses carbon credits and related topics. It introduces carbon credits and how they came to be through agreements like the Kyoto Protocol. Countries set emissions allowances and carbon can be traded through markets. India is a non-annex country that is working on reducing emissions through programs and projects, but has faced challenges with some project rejections. Carbon trading aims to reduce emissions cost-effectively while technology transfer benefits developing countries.
This webinar will review the various mechanisms agreed in the Kyoto Protocol with a particular focus on Clean Development Mechanism. The value at each stage of the CDM project will be explained, and market prices for carbon credits will be analysed.
In order to illustrate this type of project, real case studies carried out by Deuman will be discussed. Voluntary carbon credits will also be analysed.
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/webinar-carbon-market-and-cdm-projects
This document discusses carbon credits and the carbon trading market. It provides background on climate change and greenhouse gas emissions. It summarizes the Kyoto Protocol and mechanisms established under it like the Clean Development Mechanism, emissions trading, and joint implementation. CDM projects in India like the Himachal Pradesh forestry project and Delhi Metro are highlighted. India is well positioned in the carbon market as a supplier of credits and there are opportunities for accountants and auditors in this growing area.
The Paris Agreement is an agreement within the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change dealing with greenhouse gas emissions mitigation, adaptation and finance starting in 2020. 194 countries have signed it, with 127 ratifying it, and it went into effect in November 2016. The agreement aims to limit global warming to well below 2°C by reducing emissions through nationally determined contributions that are reported every 5 years. However, the contributions are not legally binding and there is no enforcement if countries do not meet their targets.
My presentation at the "Third Annual Conference of the Transatlantic University Collaboration for Climate and Energy Law" on 28 April 2021 in Oslo https://www.jus.uio.no/nifs/english/research/events/2021/04-28-tucccel.html
January 2024. Carbon Capture is the process of capturing Carbon Dioxide gas (CO2) produced by industrial processes, preventing its release into the atmosphere.
The primary goal of carbon capture is to reduce carbon emissions, because carbon dioxide is the primary Greenhouse Gas (GHG) contributing to climate change.
Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS), also known as (CCS), refers to a suite of technologies that perform carbon capture.
CCUS involves four stages: capture, transport, storage, and use.
CCUS technologies include Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR), carbon sequestration, Direct Air Capture (DAC), and carbon absorption by Ammonia.
Policy wise, growing recognition of CCUS role in meeting net zero goals is translating into increased policy support for CCUS deployment. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) have outlined an important role for CCUS to reach net zero emissions by 2050, directly supporting Sustainable Development Goal SDG13: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.
In this slideshow, you will learn about the definition, technologies, benefits, challenges, UN policy, and global statistics of carbon capture. Discover how CCUS technologies can reduce global carbon emissions by up to 90% to accelerate the clean energy transition and meet net zero emission goals by 2050.
This document discusses carbon credits and related topics. It introduces carbon credits and how they came to be through agreements like the Kyoto Protocol. Countries set emissions allowances and carbon can be traded through markets. India is a non-annex country that is working on reducing emissions through programs and projects, but has faced challenges with some project rejections. Carbon trading aims to reduce emissions cost-effectively while technology transfer benefits developing countries.
This webinar will review the various mechanisms agreed in the Kyoto Protocol with a particular focus on Clean Development Mechanism. The value at each stage of the CDM project will be explained, and market prices for carbon credits will be analysed.
In order to illustrate this type of project, real case studies carried out by Deuman will be discussed. Voluntary carbon credits will also be analysed.
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/webinar-carbon-market-and-cdm-projects
This document discusses carbon credits and the carbon trading market. It provides background on climate change and greenhouse gas emissions. It summarizes the Kyoto Protocol and mechanisms established under it like the Clean Development Mechanism, emissions trading, and joint implementation. CDM projects in India like the Himachal Pradesh forestry project and Delhi Metro are highlighted. India is well positioned in the carbon market as a supplier of credits and there are opportunities for accountants and auditors in this growing area.
The Paris Agreement is an agreement within the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change dealing with greenhouse gas emissions mitigation, adaptation and finance starting in 2020. 194 countries have signed it, with 127 ratifying it, and it went into effect in November 2016. The agreement aims to limit global warming to well below 2°C by reducing emissions through nationally determined contributions that are reported every 5 years. However, the contributions are not legally binding and there is no enforcement if countries do not meet their targets.
The document discusses carbon credits, which are a UN system that allows countries to trade units equivalent to 1 ton of CO2 emissions reduced. Developed countries that exceed emissions limits can cut emissions or buy carbon credits from developing countries to comply with the Kyoto Treaty, signed by 141 countries to reduce greenhouse gases by 5.2% by 2012.
Carbon Trading, Emission Balance, Types of Carbon Credit, Voluntary Emissions Reduction (VER), Certified Emissions Reduction (CER), Price of Carbon Credit, Emissions Trading Systems (ETS), Carbon tax , How does carbon pricing work?, Carbon Markets, Trading of Carbon Credits, Trading of Carbon Credits in India
The document discusses India's plans to ratify the Paris Agreement on climate change. It provides background on the Paris Agreement, noting it aims to limit global warming to below 2 degrees Celsius and was ratified by 61 countries. The summary explains that Prime Minister Modi announced India will ratify the agreement. As part of its commitments under the agreement, India will need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 33-35% by 2030, increase renewable energy production, and expand forest cover. Ratifying the agreement will significantly impact India's energy sector and industry.
A presentation on net-zero CO2 and GHG emissions. I focus mainly on the conceptual background, discussing also the role of Carbon Dioxide Removal and offsets... Details https://klimastiftelsen.no/arrangement/klimafrokost-hva-betyr-netto-nullutslipp-i-2050-for-beslutninger-og-investeringer-i-dag/
The Role of Carbon Capture Storage (CCS) and Carbon Capture Utilization (CCU)...Ofori Kwabena
The role of Carbon Capture and Storage & Carbon Capture and Utilization-
Capturing carbon dioxide and storing (CCS) is a climate change mitigation technology which is aimed at reducing CO2 emissions. The utilization of CO2 (CCU) in the manufacture of commercial products is also a technology used to complement CCS technology.
This paper presents a literature review on the mechanisms, developments, cost analysis, life cycle environmental impacts, challenges and policy options that are associated with these technologies.
The document discusses climate change policy at both the international and national (Bangladesh) levels. At the international level, it outlines several key agreements and protocols aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions, including the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement, and others. The Kyoto Protocol set binding emissions reduction targets for developed countries. The Paris Agreement's goal is to limit global warming to 1.5-2 degrees Celsius. At the national level, the document outlines Bangladesh's climate change policies, strategies and funds aimed at adaptation and building resilience.
The Science Based Targets initiative champions science-based target setting as a powerful way of boosting companies’ competitive advantage in the transition to the low-carbon economy.
Since officially launching in June, 2015, up to 23 June 2017:
279 Companies Part of SBTi Call to Action
157 Committed companies have submitted targets
51 Approved and listed targets
2.6 Companies joining the initiative on average every week
This document provides an overview of carbon credits and emissions trading. It discusses the types of carbon credits, how the Kyoto Protocol established mechanisms for trading credits, and how buying carbon credits can help reduce a factory's emissions. It also examines India's role as a participant in the carbon credit market, generating an estimated $8.5 billion annually from credits. While carbon trading provides benefits, it also faces criticisms related to issues of justice and environmental effectiveness.
Carbon credits are a key part of emissions trading programs designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. They represent the right to emit one ton of carbon dioxide and can be bought and sold on international markets. The Kyoto Protocol established a framework for countries to trade carbon credits through mechanisms like emissions trading, joint implementation, and the Clean Development Mechanism. While developed countries have mandatory emissions reduction targets under Kyoto, developing countries like India participate voluntarily but have emerged as a major player in carbon credit generation and trading.
The document discusses carbon trading as a mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It involves capping overall emissions and allowing countries to trade emission permits. Countries with excess permits below their cap can sell to countries that are over their cap. It also describes carbon offsetting programs and case studies of carbon trading in the European Union, highlighting phases that saw both increases and reductions in emissions and carbon prices. Benefits include incentivizing alternative energy development while criticisms note it can slow emissions reductions and lack a centralized global framework.
Carbon credits represent the right to emit one ton of carbon dioxide. The Kyoto Protocol established a cap and trade system where countries are assigned emission limits and can trade carbon credits. If a country emits less than its limit, it can sell excess credits to countries that exceed their limits. While carbon trading provides incentives to reduce emissions, it has been criticized for allowing countries to simply buy credits rather than reduce their own emissions and lacking a unified global framework.
ELEMENTS OF A ROBUST CARBON CAPTURE, UTILIZATION, AND STORAGE BUSINESS MODELiQHub
(1) OGC Climate Investments has invested over $1 billion to accelerate greenhouse gas emissions reductions through carbon capture, utilization, storage, and other climate solutions. (2) Their CCUS portfolio includes investments in technologies to capture and utilize CO2 in cement and polyurethane production as well as projects involving gas-fired power, LNG, and industrial CCS with storage. (3) Evaluating CCUS projects requires considering technical and economic factors related to CO2 capture, transport via pipeline, and storage in geological reservoirs.
Status and potential of energy and carbon trading in indiaAbhik Tushar Das
The document discusses carbon markets and carbon trading in India. It provides background on greenhouse gases and the Kyoto Protocol. Key points:
1) The Kyoto Protocol established a carbon market to allow countries to meet emissions reduction targets through buying credits from other countries.
2) Countries can engage in projects to reduce emissions and generate credits through the Clean Development Mechanism or Joint Implementation. Emissions trading also allows countries to trade allowances.
3) India has significant potential for carbon trading through renewable energy and energy efficiency projects that generate credits under the Clean Development Mechanism. However, issues around additionality and sustainable development still need to be addressed.
Carbon credits were created as part of the Kyoto Protocol to limit greenhouse gas emissions. Countries and organizations are assigned emissions allowances and can trade carbon credits if their emissions are lower than their allowance. Activities like renewable energy projects and tree planting can generate carbon offsets that can be sold as carbon credits. The value of carbon credits comes from creating a market that monetizes the cost of polluting. Nations, companies, and individuals can buy carbon credits to offset their emissions.
Carbon credits are permits that allow the holder to emit one ton of carbon dioxide. Companies can buy and sell carbon credits to balance emissions and reduce their carbon footprint. India is a large emitter of greenhouse gases and has the potential to earn money through carbon credit trading. The document discusses how carbon credits are calculated based on biomass and tree planting. It outlines India's current emissions, policies around carbon markets, and companies involved in carbon credit trading. The future of carbon credits is promising as more companies adopt net-zero goals and demand for credits is expected to grow substantially in coming decades.
reducation of co2 and its application to environment. Rabia Aziz
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
reducation of co2 and its application to environment
Carbon credits allow entities to emit one ton of carbon dioxide. They are awarded to countries or groups that reduce emissions below quotas and can be traded internationally. Presently, Australia, the US, former Soviet Union, Japan, EU, China, Indonesia, and India account for most emissions. Carbon credits are acquired through mechanisms like the Clean Development Mechanism which allows developed countries to sponsor projects in developing countries. Credits are created through compliance markets governed by UN standards or voluntary markets accredited by independent standards. Buying credits funds carbon reduction projects and helps lower costs of renewable technologies. Trading credits globally impacts emissions, while generating profits allows India to invest in advancing technologies. Common carbon projects include renewable energy, forestation, energy efficiency, and
Presentation On Green Economy For Sustainable DevelopmentAsif A. Kabani
The document discusses transitioning to a green economy. It defines a green economy as one that improves human well-being and equity while reducing environmental risks. A green economy is low-carbon, resource efficient, and socially inclusive. It explores the relationship between sustainable development and poverty reduction. The document also discusses greenhouse gases, their sources, and their impact on climate change. It notes that human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation have increased the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases.
The role of Direct Air Capture and Carbon Dioxide Removal in well below 2C sc...IEA-ETSAP
The document summarizes research exploring the role of direct air capture (DAC) technologies in scenarios aiming to limit global warming to 1.5°C or 2°C. It finds that DAC has the potential to play a role in carbon dioxide removal, capturing hundreds of millions of tons of CO2 per year by mid-century in 1.5°C scenarios. However, biological carbon dioxide removal via BECCS captures more CO2 over the long-run. Achieving the 1.5°C target requires rapid near-term emissions reductions and deployment of carbon dioxide removal technologies like DAC. The costs of deep decarbonization are highly sensitive to the availability of carbon dioxide removal and storage technologies.
India has outlined ambitious climate actions and goals in its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) document submitted for the 2015 Paris climate conference, including:
1) Reducing the emissions intensity of its GDP by 33-35% from 2005 levels by 2030, representing about a 75% increase in ambition over its 2020 pledge.
2) Increasing the share of non-fossil fuel based electricity to 40% of total installed capacity by 2030, a 33% jump over 2015 levels.
3) Creating an additional carbon sink of 2.5-3 billion tons of CO2 equivalent through additional forest and tree cover by 2030.
The document outlines India's national circumstances
The document discusses carbon credits, which are a UN system that allows countries to trade units equivalent to 1 ton of CO2 emissions reduced. Developed countries that exceed emissions limits can cut emissions or buy carbon credits from developing countries to comply with the Kyoto Treaty, signed by 141 countries to reduce greenhouse gases by 5.2% by 2012.
Carbon Trading, Emission Balance, Types of Carbon Credit, Voluntary Emissions Reduction (VER), Certified Emissions Reduction (CER), Price of Carbon Credit, Emissions Trading Systems (ETS), Carbon tax , How does carbon pricing work?, Carbon Markets, Trading of Carbon Credits, Trading of Carbon Credits in India
The document discusses India's plans to ratify the Paris Agreement on climate change. It provides background on the Paris Agreement, noting it aims to limit global warming to below 2 degrees Celsius and was ratified by 61 countries. The summary explains that Prime Minister Modi announced India will ratify the agreement. As part of its commitments under the agreement, India will need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 33-35% by 2030, increase renewable energy production, and expand forest cover. Ratifying the agreement will significantly impact India's energy sector and industry.
A presentation on net-zero CO2 and GHG emissions. I focus mainly on the conceptual background, discussing also the role of Carbon Dioxide Removal and offsets... Details https://klimastiftelsen.no/arrangement/klimafrokost-hva-betyr-netto-nullutslipp-i-2050-for-beslutninger-og-investeringer-i-dag/
The Role of Carbon Capture Storage (CCS) and Carbon Capture Utilization (CCU)...Ofori Kwabena
The role of Carbon Capture and Storage & Carbon Capture and Utilization-
Capturing carbon dioxide and storing (CCS) is a climate change mitigation technology which is aimed at reducing CO2 emissions. The utilization of CO2 (CCU) in the manufacture of commercial products is also a technology used to complement CCS technology.
This paper presents a literature review on the mechanisms, developments, cost analysis, life cycle environmental impacts, challenges and policy options that are associated with these technologies.
The document discusses climate change policy at both the international and national (Bangladesh) levels. At the international level, it outlines several key agreements and protocols aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions, including the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement, and others. The Kyoto Protocol set binding emissions reduction targets for developed countries. The Paris Agreement's goal is to limit global warming to 1.5-2 degrees Celsius. At the national level, the document outlines Bangladesh's climate change policies, strategies and funds aimed at adaptation and building resilience.
The Science Based Targets initiative champions science-based target setting as a powerful way of boosting companies’ competitive advantage in the transition to the low-carbon economy.
Since officially launching in June, 2015, up to 23 June 2017:
279 Companies Part of SBTi Call to Action
157 Committed companies have submitted targets
51 Approved and listed targets
2.6 Companies joining the initiative on average every week
This document provides an overview of carbon credits and emissions trading. It discusses the types of carbon credits, how the Kyoto Protocol established mechanisms for trading credits, and how buying carbon credits can help reduce a factory's emissions. It also examines India's role as a participant in the carbon credit market, generating an estimated $8.5 billion annually from credits. While carbon trading provides benefits, it also faces criticisms related to issues of justice and environmental effectiveness.
Carbon credits are a key part of emissions trading programs designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. They represent the right to emit one ton of carbon dioxide and can be bought and sold on international markets. The Kyoto Protocol established a framework for countries to trade carbon credits through mechanisms like emissions trading, joint implementation, and the Clean Development Mechanism. While developed countries have mandatory emissions reduction targets under Kyoto, developing countries like India participate voluntarily but have emerged as a major player in carbon credit generation and trading.
The document discusses carbon trading as a mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It involves capping overall emissions and allowing countries to trade emission permits. Countries with excess permits below their cap can sell to countries that are over their cap. It also describes carbon offsetting programs and case studies of carbon trading in the European Union, highlighting phases that saw both increases and reductions in emissions and carbon prices. Benefits include incentivizing alternative energy development while criticisms note it can slow emissions reductions and lack a centralized global framework.
Carbon credits represent the right to emit one ton of carbon dioxide. The Kyoto Protocol established a cap and trade system where countries are assigned emission limits and can trade carbon credits. If a country emits less than its limit, it can sell excess credits to countries that exceed their limits. While carbon trading provides incentives to reduce emissions, it has been criticized for allowing countries to simply buy credits rather than reduce their own emissions and lacking a unified global framework.
ELEMENTS OF A ROBUST CARBON CAPTURE, UTILIZATION, AND STORAGE BUSINESS MODELiQHub
(1) OGC Climate Investments has invested over $1 billion to accelerate greenhouse gas emissions reductions through carbon capture, utilization, storage, and other climate solutions. (2) Their CCUS portfolio includes investments in technologies to capture and utilize CO2 in cement and polyurethane production as well as projects involving gas-fired power, LNG, and industrial CCS with storage. (3) Evaluating CCUS projects requires considering technical and economic factors related to CO2 capture, transport via pipeline, and storage in geological reservoirs.
Status and potential of energy and carbon trading in indiaAbhik Tushar Das
The document discusses carbon markets and carbon trading in India. It provides background on greenhouse gases and the Kyoto Protocol. Key points:
1) The Kyoto Protocol established a carbon market to allow countries to meet emissions reduction targets through buying credits from other countries.
2) Countries can engage in projects to reduce emissions and generate credits through the Clean Development Mechanism or Joint Implementation. Emissions trading also allows countries to trade allowances.
3) India has significant potential for carbon trading through renewable energy and energy efficiency projects that generate credits under the Clean Development Mechanism. However, issues around additionality and sustainable development still need to be addressed.
Carbon credits were created as part of the Kyoto Protocol to limit greenhouse gas emissions. Countries and organizations are assigned emissions allowances and can trade carbon credits if their emissions are lower than their allowance. Activities like renewable energy projects and tree planting can generate carbon offsets that can be sold as carbon credits. The value of carbon credits comes from creating a market that monetizes the cost of polluting. Nations, companies, and individuals can buy carbon credits to offset their emissions.
Carbon credits are permits that allow the holder to emit one ton of carbon dioxide. Companies can buy and sell carbon credits to balance emissions and reduce their carbon footprint. India is a large emitter of greenhouse gases and has the potential to earn money through carbon credit trading. The document discusses how carbon credits are calculated based on biomass and tree planting. It outlines India's current emissions, policies around carbon markets, and companies involved in carbon credit trading. The future of carbon credits is promising as more companies adopt net-zero goals and demand for credits is expected to grow substantially in coming decades.
reducation of co2 and its application to environment. Rabia Aziz
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
reducation of co2 and its application to environment
Carbon credits allow entities to emit one ton of carbon dioxide. They are awarded to countries or groups that reduce emissions below quotas and can be traded internationally. Presently, Australia, the US, former Soviet Union, Japan, EU, China, Indonesia, and India account for most emissions. Carbon credits are acquired through mechanisms like the Clean Development Mechanism which allows developed countries to sponsor projects in developing countries. Credits are created through compliance markets governed by UN standards or voluntary markets accredited by independent standards. Buying credits funds carbon reduction projects and helps lower costs of renewable technologies. Trading credits globally impacts emissions, while generating profits allows India to invest in advancing technologies. Common carbon projects include renewable energy, forestation, energy efficiency, and
Presentation On Green Economy For Sustainable DevelopmentAsif A. Kabani
The document discusses transitioning to a green economy. It defines a green economy as one that improves human well-being and equity while reducing environmental risks. A green economy is low-carbon, resource efficient, and socially inclusive. It explores the relationship between sustainable development and poverty reduction. The document also discusses greenhouse gases, their sources, and their impact on climate change. It notes that human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation have increased the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases.
The role of Direct Air Capture and Carbon Dioxide Removal in well below 2C sc...IEA-ETSAP
The document summarizes research exploring the role of direct air capture (DAC) technologies in scenarios aiming to limit global warming to 1.5°C or 2°C. It finds that DAC has the potential to play a role in carbon dioxide removal, capturing hundreds of millions of tons of CO2 per year by mid-century in 1.5°C scenarios. However, biological carbon dioxide removal via BECCS captures more CO2 over the long-run. Achieving the 1.5°C target requires rapid near-term emissions reductions and deployment of carbon dioxide removal technologies like DAC. The costs of deep decarbonization are highly sensitive to the availability of carbon dioxide removal and storage technologies.
India has outlined ambitious climate actions and goals in its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) document submitted for the 2015 Paris climate conference, including:
1) Reducing the emissions intensity of its GDP by 33-35% from 2005 levels by 2030, representing about a 75% increase in ambition over its 2020 pledge.
2) Increasing the share of non-fossil fuel based electricity to 40% of total installed capacity by 2030, a 33% jump over 2015 levels.
3) Creating an additional carbon sink of 2.5-3 billion tons of CO2 equivalent through additional forest and tree cover by 2030.
The document outlines India's national circumstances
India submitted its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) ahead of the 2015 Paris climate conference. The INDC outlines goals to reduce emissions intensity of GDP by 33-35% from 2005 levels by 2030, increase non-fossil fuel electricity capacity to 40% by 2030, and create an additional carbon sink of 2.5-3 billion tons of CO2 through forest cover expansion. India also commits to adapt to climate change impacts through investments in vulnerable sectors like agriculture and disaster management. The document estimates $2.5 trillion is needed to implement climate actions through 2030 and calls for mobilizing domestic and international funds. It emphasizes sustainable lifestyles and a cleaner development path than followed by other
The document discusses various international climate change initiatives and partnerships, the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol, the Paris Agreement, and follow-ups including the Climate Ambition Summit 2020 and COP-26. It outlines India's commitments under these agreements, including pledging to reduce emissions intensity by 33-35% of 2005 levels and reaching 40% non-fossil fuel installed capacity by 2022 under the Paris Agreement. At COP-26, India committed to reaching carbon neutrality by 2070 and cutting projected 2030 emissions by 1 billion tons.
Fiji has committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions through its updated NDC and national policies. Its targets include a 30% reduction in CO2 emissions from energy by 2030 compared to business as usual, with 10% unconditionally and 20% conditionally. Fiji also commits to net zero emissions by 2050 and enacting climate change legislation. Fiji's Low Emission Development Strategy identifies priority sectors for mitigation like energy, transport, agriculture, and waste. The national mitigation actions plan outlines specific short, medium and long term actions to achieve emissions reductions through 2030. Challenges remain in fully implementing policies and tracking reductions across sectors.
General International Trends and Efforts in Coping with Climate ChangeICF
The document summarizes a technical assistance project that aims to support China in designing and implementing emissions trading systems. It provides updates on project activities conducted over three years that have trained over 1,500 Chinese stakeholders. Key areas of support include cap setting, allocation, monitoring and reporting. The project also organizes expert exchanges, study tours and joint research to accelerate China's progress in establishing a national ETS.
The document discusses several green energy funds and climate agreements including the Kyoto Protocol, Global Environmental Facility, Green Climate Fund, Paris Agreement, CAMPA, National Clean Energy Fund, and National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change. It provides information on the purpose and focus of each fund/agreement, highlighting their goals of promoting renewable energy, reducing emissions, and providing climate financing to developing countries to support mitigation and adaptation efforts.
Climate Change and Development - Updates from COP18UNDP Eurasia
The document discusses several topics related to climate change including:
1. The need to cut global CO2 emissions in half by 2050 to keep warming below 2 degrees Celsius.
2. The challenges posed by a growing world population expected to reach 9 billion by 2050, which will place greater pressure on resource systems.
3. The importance of transitioning to a green economy through significant emissions mitigation and generating funding for climate actions.
The Kyoto Protocol is an agreement made under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It commits developed countries to reduce their emissions to 10% below 1990 levels between 2008-2012. Key mechanisms to help countries meet their targets include international emissions trading, the Clean Development Mechanism between developed and developing countries, and Joint Implementation between developed countries. While many countries have ratified the protocol, major emitters like the US have not. Developing countries like China and India are not required to reduce emissions under the agreement.
The document discusses the evolution of international agreements on climate change from the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 to the Paris Agreement in 2015. It outlines key developments and decisions at conferences of parties, including establishing the Bali Roadmap in 2007, the Copenhagen Accord in 2009 which did not reach a binding agreement, and the Doha Amendment in 2012 which established a second commitment period for the Kyoto Protocol. Finally, it summarizes India's Intended Nationally Determined Contribution which it communicated in 2015, including targets to reduce emissions intensity and increase non-fossil fuel energy capacity by 2030.
Shwetal Shah presented on key points of the Paris Agreement and India's Nationally Determined Contributions. The Paris Agreement aims to limit global temperature rise well below 2°C through country commitments to reduce emissions and transition to renewable energy. India's NDCs include reducing emissions intensity by 33-35% from 2005 levels by 2030, achieving 40% electricity from non-fossil fuel sources, and creating a carbon sink of 2.5-3 billion tons through additional forestry and tree cover. The Climate Change Department of Gujarat coordinates policy and encourages green technology to build a sustainable, climate-resilient future for the state.
11 years after the Kyoto Protocol was signed—only
to be consigned to irrelevance over the subsequent decade—nations would negotiate post-2012 action.
The realities of climate change are clearer than ever,
and the cost of action is mounting. Rich countries,
historically responsible for climate change, are
proposing new mechanisms to share the burden.
Leading developing countries such as India and
China need to negotiate hard as well and make
a big push for renewables
Read more on
(http://cseindia.org/equitywatch.htm)
Centre for Science and Environment
www.cseindia.org/
Down To Earth
http://downtoearth.org.in/
The document summarizes preparations for the Youth4Climate event in Milan from September 28-October 2, 2021 ahead of COP26. Over 8,700 youth ages 15-29 from 186 countries applied and nearly 400 were selected, including 40% from marginalized groups. Participants will discuss climate solutions along themes of sustainable recovery, resilience, participation, and climate change impacts. Selected youth provided input through questionnaires to develop "zero-draft" proposals on topics. The proposals will be discussed and finalized in Milan to ensure youth ownership of the process and outcomes. The event aims to amplify youth voices and drive greater climate ambition and action.
Critical theme - Moving forward with REDD+ (part two)IIED
The presentation of Matt Leggett, of Global Canopy Programme, to the IIED-hosted Moving ahead with Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) workshop on 9-10 April 2014.
The presentation, made as part of a series of Critical Themes delivered by experts at IIED, focused on Moving forward with REDD+, and the readiness, role of the private sector, finance and political commitment.
More information on the Global Canopy Programme's work: http://www.globalcanopy.org/.
Further details of the workshop and IIED's work on REDD+ are available via http://www.iied.org/coverage-moving-ahead-redd-prospects-challenges-workshop.
1) Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) are voluntary domestic mitigation actions undertaken by developing countries in the context of sustainable development.
2) NAMAs can take many forms, including policies, programs, and projects, and aim to result in measurable greenhouse gas reductions. Developing countries are encouraged to submit information on proposed NAMAs through the UNFCCC NAMA Registry.
3) At a recent UNFCCC workshop, countries discussed developing guidance for NAMA preparation and support, building capacity for NAMA development and implementation, and taking stock of existing capacity building activities to support NAMAs.
The document discusses carbon credits, India's INDC, and climate change commitments. It provides background on carbon credits and their role in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. It then explains that countries committed to creating a new international climate agreement and outlined post-2020 climate actions through Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs). The document outlines key aspects of India's INDC, including commitments to reduce emissions intensity, increase forest cover to create carbon sinks, adapt to climate impacts, and generate 40% of power from non-fossil fuel sources by 2030.
The 28th meeting of the Conference of Parties, i.e. COP28, came to a close on December 13, 2023. Spread across two weeks, COP28 saw national leaders, international organizations, businesses, and academics convene to address pressing global climate issues.
The document provides background on the UNFCCC and key climate agreements and processes related to agriculture and nationally determined contributions (NDCs). It discusses the establishment of the UNFCCC and IPCC in the 1980s-1990s, the Kyoto Protocol in 1997, and the Paris Agreement in 2015. It outlines requirements for NDCs and highlights that agriculture is reflected in many initial NDCs submitted, with priorities including adaptation and mitigation measures in the sector. The document emphasizes that agriculture is important for climate adaptation, mitigation and food security, and that support is needed for NDC implementation.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
1. Paris Agreement and India’s Contribution
By Shyam Rathod
Environmental Governance
2. Climate Change Impacts
• As per WMO- 2015 was the warmest year(2300 people died in
India)- Avg temp in may-jun 39 Deg.
-Temp increased 1°C abv the pre- Industrial era.
-Its mainly due to El-Nino and warming caused by GHG
-Increase of Anthropogenic emissions Since IR.
• Five Pacific islands lost due to rising seas- Solomon Islands,
and Nuatambu Islands
3. Cont
• Acc to International Energy Agency(IEA), 2015
- Concentration of CO2 is 40% high than mid 1800s.
- Energy Sector – Largest contributor to GHG
- CO2 emissions from combustion of fuel have the
largest share.
• As per Global emissions profile says- emissions
Unequal among different countries.
8. Paris Agreement-2015
• The 21st Conference of Parties under the UNFCCC- was in Paris Dec 2015
• Historical Climate Change Agreement
• Result of Intense Negotiations
• Post 2020 Actions on climate change
• Succeeded by Kyoto Protocol(KP)
• Unlike KP, it provides framework for all countries to take action against CC.
• Climate Justice and Sustainable Lifestyles
• 1st Time an Agreement brought all nations for common cause under
UNFCCC
9. Aim and Special Features
• Main Focus or Aim is to hold temp well below 2°C above
pre- industrial level and on driving efforts to limit it even
further to 1.5°C.
• Comprises 29 Articles and is supported by 139 decisions
of the COP.
• Identified as comprehensive and balanced agreement
• Bottom-up Approach followed( By asking individual
countries regd their contributions in reducing GHG)
• Others were Top-down Approach(KP) in which each
country got Target.
11. Key Provisions of the Deal
1. CBDR-RC (combined but differentiated
responsibility and respective capability)-
2. NDCs-
Parties whose INDC have a time frame upto 2025-2030
are reqd to communicate or update these
contributions by 2020 and to do so every 5 years.
Support developing countries in achieving it.
3. Technology Development and Transfer
Technology mechanism(Tech executive comm, The
climate Tech Centre and Network)
12. Cont
4. Mitigation:
To achieve long term goal i.e below 2°C and sustainable dev,
eradicate poverty, control GHG and follow CBDR-RC
3 main elements- a. Peaking of GHG in developing
countries will take time
b. Calling developed countries to take action
c. To support developing countries in implementation
5. Global Stocktake
13. Cont
5. Finance- binding obligations on developed countries
Voluntary for developing countries in
contribution of fund
6. Transparency- Transparency mechanism of action
and support under the UNFCCC was differentiated
for Dev and Dev Countries:
a. Info provided by Developed counties- through
National Communications , Biennial Reports(BR)
subjected to International Assessment and
Review(IAR)
b. Developing countries- Natnl Comm and Biennial
Update Report(BUR) is subject to international
consultation and analysis(ICA)
14. Paris Deal Ratification
• 168 Parties have ratified of 197 Parties to the
convention on 5th Oct, 2016 and Paris Agreement
entered into force on 4th Nov 2016
• The Agreement becomes only when atleast 55parties
to the convention, accounting for atleast an
estimated 55% of total global GHG emissions.
16. Cont
• GCF- estd as operating entity of the financial mecahnism
of UNFCCC in 2011.
Funds from Developed to Developing
39 Govt pledged support of US$10.2 Bn, Highest cont-US
• Global Env Facility: estd as pilot prog for env protection.
Current project cycle is 2014-18, started in 1992.
As of Nov 2015 –directly invested in 3946 projects
US$14.5Bn.
India Got –US$5166mn
17. India’s Domestic Actions on Climate Change
1. National Action Plan on CC(NAPCC)-
The PM’s Council on CC(PMCCC) has directed missions
under the NAPCCC-to enhance mitigation,adaptation
and capacity building.
Setting up of new missions in existing eight
a. Considering CC impacts Health- a new mission on CC
is currently under formulation and National Expert
Group on CC and Health has constituted
b. Proposed waste to energy mission- emphasise to less
dependent on coal, oil and gas for power production
c. National Mission on Coastal Areas(NMCA)- will
prepare Integrated coastal resources and map
vulnerable areas. MoEFCC will manage
18. Cont
2. State Action Plans on CC- 28states and 5UTs submitted
SAPCCs.
32States and UTs have been endorsed by National
Steering Committee on CC at the MoEFCC.
3. National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change:
estd with a Budget of Rs 350Cr for the year 2015-
16,2016-17.
To meet the national and state adaptation measures
Till date NSCCC has approved 6Detailed Project Reports
amounting Rs. 117.98Cr for Punjab,H.P, O’sha,
Manipur,Kerala,T.N
19. Cont
4. Coal Cess and the National Clean Energy Fund:
India- one of few countries to have carbon tax in form
of cess on coal.
In 2010 Rs. 50/tonne on coal
In 2014 Rs. 100/tonne
In 2015-16 Rs. 200/tonne
All this cess amount was stored- NCEF fund was utilised
for various clean energy initiatives.
In 2015-16 Budget Rs. 4700Cr was allocated for NCEF
projects. NCEF supports Namami Gange(VGF)
20. Cont
5. Progress of Renewable Energy Front:
To achieve 40% Cumulative electric from non-fossil
based power
India set the target to 175GW through renewable
energy by 2022.
100 GW Solar Energy
60 GW Wind Energy
10 GW Bio Mass
5 GW Hydro Power Projects
21. Reflections Done By India in 2Years
• India Launched International Solar Alliance at CoP21, it
will special platform for mutual cooperation among 121
Solar Resource countries who are B/W Tropic of Cancer
and Capricorn.
• RE-INVEST – 1st Renewable energy Investment 2015 for
inviting countries to investment in Green energy.
• India will directly introduce BSVI without BSV from 2020
in vehicles
• During 2015 Solar energy was -4.08GW but now
increased to 12.5GW. Wind in 2015-25.08GW now
32.3GW
• The National Electric Mobility Mission Plan aims to put
about seven million electric or hybrid vehicles on the
road by 2020
22. Major Problems of Paris Deal
• Recent US decision coming out of Agreement
• The Collated INDCs of all countries- can’t meet
the aim of Agreement
23. References
• Economic Survey 2015-16 Vol 2
• https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/m
ay/10/five-pacific-islands-lost-rising-seas-climate-
change
• http://time.com/3904590/india-heatwave-monsoon-
delayed-weather-climate-change/
• Paris Agreement Main Document
• International Solar Alliance Website