The researchers at Caltech have created self-healing circuits that can repair themselves within microseconds after being damaged. The circuits use sensors to monitor factors like temperature, voltage and power, and a central processor analyzes performance to determine if adjustments are needed to actuators on the chip. Rather than relying on pre-programmed responses, the processor draws conclusions based on aggregate sensor responses to optimize states without external intervention. In experiments, chips recovered functionality within a second after having parts destroyed by lasers, demonstrating their ability to automatically develop workarounds. Potential applications include devices that plug into outlets, military systems, communications technology, aircraft black boxes, and robotics.

1. Indestructible self-healing
circuits

2. Introduction
 Imagine a world where your electronics continue to work even
after getting fried.
 Imagine having your phone drop in a pot full of water and
despite getting soaked inside out, it continues to function as
normal.
 Imagine that the chips in your smart phone or computer could
repair and defend themselves on the fly
 Recovering in microseconds from problems ranging from less-
than-ideal battery power to total transistor failure.

3.  It might sound like the stuff of science fiction till 13th march
2013 , but the researchers from California Institute of
Technology (Caltech) have made it a reality.
 With the help of this new technology it was incredible to see
the circuit kicked in and healed itself even after getting
destroyed .
 Until now, even a single fault has often rendered an
integrated-circuit chip completely useless.
 This is the next step in the evolution of integrated circuits.

4.  The researchers wanted to give integrated-circuit chips
a healing ability similar to that of our own immune
system.
 something capable of detecting and quickly responding
to any number of possible assaults in order to keep the
larger system working optimally.
 The circuits can now both, diagnose and fix their own
problems without any human intervention.
 It is truly a shift in the way we view circuits and their
ability to operate independently.
 This is moving one step closer to indestructible circuits.

5. Working
 The science here works something like magic.
 It’s not like the circuitry starts to grow back like vines,
remaking all the connections again.
 It also not uses nanotechnology to actually repair
damage.
 The science of it all lies in the chip that has a dedicated
circuit and sensors that can change actuators in
microseconds if there's damage, re-optimizing the
connections on the spot.
 So even if the circuit takes a hit, this chip re-routes the
power using another channel.

6.  There are some sensors on the chip that monitor
temperature, current, voltage, and power.
 The information from these sensors feeds into a custom-
made application-specific integrated-circuit (ASIC) unit.
 This central processor which acts as the "brain" of the
system.
 The brain analyses the chip’s overall performance and
determines if it needs to adjust any of the system's
actuators—the changeable parts of the chip.

7.  The chip's brain does not operate based on algorithms
that know how to respond to every possible scenario.
 Instead, it draws conclusions based on the aggregate
response of the sensors i.e. you tell the chip the results
you want and let it figure out how to produce those
results.
 The system is designed in a general way that it finds the
optimum state for all of the actuators in any situation
without external intervention.

8.  This self-healing capability was first demonstrated in a
power amplifier.
 In their experiments, the team destroyed various parts of
their chips by zapping them multiple times with a high-
power laser.
 And then observed as the chip automatically
developed a work-around in less than a second.
 The chip was able to recover from complete transistor
destruction.

9. Application
 Self healing chips can be used in any device that plugs into
an AC outlet. because every device has the fear of getting
fried due to spikes in the voltage.
 This chips also can be used in military applications with
multiple redundancy system.
 Also can be used in communication fields.
 This chips can be used in black box in an aircraft or a space
shuttles.
 This can also be used in robotics.

10. THANK YOU