Urbanization is the process by which populations move from rural to urban areas, increasing the percentage of people living in cities and towns. It is driven by economic development and job opportunities. While urbanization has positive effects like cultural and social influences, it also creates problems like housing shortages, overcrowding, and unemployment. Governments must play a role in controlling these problems through improved governance, prevention of water contamination, and implementing low-cost sanitation systems. Suggestions for sustainable urbanization include building environmentally friendly cities, population control, and job creation.