This document provides instructions on how to create in-text citations when writing a research paper. It explains that in-text citations require including the author's last name, year of publication, and page or paragraph number if quoting directly from a source. For summaries or paraphrases, only the author and year are needed. Signal phrases can be used to introduce a source in the text, in which case only the year and page number are necessary in the citation. Various citation formats are demonstrated for different source types such as sources without authors or publication dates.

1. In text citationsPresentation Transcript
 In-Text Citations
 How to Create an In-Text Citation This is a paragraph from Chapter 22 of Mosaics:
Reading and Writing Once you evaluate your sources and figure out which ones will help
establish your argument, you then need to learn how to seamlessly integrate them into
your paper. In other words, you need to introduce them effectively while showing readers
they are credible and offer valuable evidence to back up your argument. Integrating your
sources into your argument will help your readers understand the kind of information you
are using. You also must show them you are using credible sources and evidence based
on fact. Reference Flachmann, K. (2014). Mosaics: Reading and writing essays (6th ed.).
Boston, MA: Pearson.
 How to Create an In-Text Citation Let’s say you want to use the following quote in your
paper. Once you evaluate your sources and figure out which ones will help establish your
argument, you then need to learn how to seamlessly integrate them into your paper. In
other words, you need to introduce them effectively while showing readers they are
credible and offer valuable evidence to back up your argument. Integrating your sources
into your argument will help your readers understand the kind of information you are
using. You also must show them you are using credible sources and evidence based on
fact. Reference Flachmann, K. (2014). Mosaics: Reading and writing essays (6th ed.).
Boston, MA: Pearson.
 How to Create an In-Text Citation Here is what your in-text citation should like
like.“Once you evaluate your sources and figure out which ones will help establish your
argument, you then need to learn how to seamlessly integrate them into your
paper”(Flachmann, 2013, p. 476).
 How to Create an In-Text Citation First, you include the last name of the author, followed
by a comma.“Once you evaluate your sources and figure out which ones will help
establish your argument, you then need to learn how to seamlessly integrate them into
your paper”(Flachmann, 2013, p. 476).
 How to Create an In-Text Citation Second, you include the year of publication, followed
by a comma.“Once you evaluate your sources and figure out which ones will help
establish your argument, you then need to learn how to seamlessly integrate them into
your paper”(Flachmann, 2013, p. 476).
 How to Create an In-Text Citation Last, you include the page number of the quote. (Use
para. For web pages that only have paragraphs and no page numbers.)“Once you evaluate
your sources and figure out which ones will help establish your argument, you then need
to learn how to seamlessly integrate them into your paper”(Flachmann, 2013, p. 476).
 Punctuating In-Text Citations Notice where your quotation marks and periods go when
you are using in-text citations.“Once you evaluate your sources and figure out which ones
will help establish your argument, you then need to learn how to seamlessly integrate
them into your paper”(Flachmann, 2013, p. 476).
 In-Text Citations for Summary and Paraphrase What if you want to summarize or
paraphrase this information? Once you evaluate your sources and figure out which ones
will help establish your argument, you then need to learn how to seamlessly integrate
them into your paper. In other words, you need to introduce them effectively while
showing readers they are credible and offer valuable evidence to back up your argument.

2. Integrating your sources into your argument will help your readers understand the kind of
information you are using. You also must show them you are using credible sources and
evidence based on fact. Reference Flachmann, K. (2014). Mosaics: Reading and writing
essays (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
 In-Text Citations for Summary and Paraphrase The only thing different about using an
intext citation with a summary or paraphrase is that the page or paragraph number is not
required.“Evaluating sources helps you establish an argument” (Flachmann, 2013).
 Signal Phrases We will learn more about signal phrases a little later. But you want to use
them the first time you use any source. When you use a signal phrase, you do not need to
use the author’s last name in the in-text citation, because you use it earlier in the
paragraph. According to author Kim Flachmann in her book Mosaics: Reading and
Writing Essays, “Once you evaluate your sources and figure out which ones will help
establish your argument, you then need to learn how to seamlessly integrate them into
your paper”(2013, p. 476).
 What if….What if your source has an organization for an author? (National Education
Association, 2013, para. 4) No author? (“First word or two of title,” 2013, p. 3) Two
authors? (Jones and Mervin, 2010, para. 3) No date? (Jones, n.d., p. 345) Check out this
website for more scenarios…..http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/resdoc5e/res5e_ch09_s1-
0001.html