The Fronde was a civil war in France between 1648-1653 that began as a rebellion of the French nobility and parliament against the government of the young King Louis XIV and his Italian-born chief minister, Cardinal Mazarin. Taxes imposed to fund the Thirty Years' War led to discontent among the middle class. By 1651, France descended into war and anarchy, with provinces experiencing starvation, looting, and pillaging. The royal army eventually suppressed the revolts by 1653, allowing Louis XIV to consolidate power as an 18-year-old king.

2. By: MALIK ALTAMASH AHMAD NOORI
BS IR 3rd
Roll No:13031587-002
Department of Political Science andInternational Relations
University of Gujarat
Fronde In France
1648-1653

3. Thirty years of war (1618-1648)
Treaty ofWestphalia
Start of fronde
History

4. War expenditure and extra taxes on
middle class
War between nobles and member of
parliament for powers
Policy of Mazarin(PM France 1642-
1661death)
Why it was held in France

5. • This first wave of revolts occurred in January
1648, in direct response to the negative
financial restructuring policies of Anne of
Austria, the king’s mother who ruled as de
facto regent, and the crown’s primary
consultant, Cardinal Mazarin, who increased
his personal wealth at the expense of the
citizens.
1st phase of Fronde

6. In May 1648, judicial officers of the parlement, a
high court, were taxed. The officers met with
Mazarin, refusing to pay. The officers presented
Mazarin with a list of demands, which were
constitutional reforms, including giving them the
power to approve any new taxes. Not to be
bullied, Mazarin had the leaders of
the parlements arrested.
Issue of Judicial officers with PM

7. Open revolt broke out in Paris in August. Since
the army was engaged elsewhere, there was little
choice but to release those arrested, along with
an empty promise to enact reforms. As soon as
this was done, Mazarin and the court fled Paris in
October, taking the young Louis with them.
King release the arrested persons

8. In January 1650, Mazarin arrested three such
leaders and then turned to the army to suppress
any remaining rebellion throughout the kingdom.
In 1651, the prisoners were released, and the royal
army managed to quell the rest of the minor
revolts.
PM arrested three main leaders in JAN
1650

9. Mazarin was forced to flee to Cologne, and despite Anne’s
attempts to pacify Condé’s supporters, she was in
constant danger of losing control of her son, the boy-king
Louis XIV. Despite being only 13 years old, his majority
was declared but this had little effect on the war, as
Spanish troops drew closer to the French borders. At the
end of 1651 Mazarin returned at the head of a small army
and France descended further into war and anarchy. A
number of French provinces experienced waves of chaotic
civic rebellions, mass starvation, and looting and pillaging
by crown soldiers.
Fronded in 1951

10. This poor country is a horrible sight; it is stripped of
everything.The soldiers take possession of the
farms and have the corn threshed, but will not give a
single grain to the owners who beg it as alms. It is
impossible to plough.There are no more horses; all
have been carried off.The peasants are reduced to
sleeping in the woods and are thankful to have them
as a refuge from murderers. And if they only had
enough bread to half satisfy their hunger, they
would indeed count themselves happy
MarieArnauld, the abbess of Port Royal,
described the suffering of the ordinary
people in these words:

11. It was end in 1953 the royal army again in
power and the people of France are
peaceful back to home and royal amry
again attack on Spain
Louis XIV is in age of 18 years ends the
Fronde
END of Fornde

12. • The condition of middle class is same
• Only educated class improve his
status
• Crown regain the full power
• Parliament is again settledown
After Fronde

13. CONCLUSION

14. Any question………..?