The document discusses improving productivity by analyzing and improving a company's "performance chain", which refers to the interconnected processes involved in triggering customer demand and receiving payment. It identifies four key lenses - speed, predictability, flexibility, and leverage - for measuring a performance chain's health. Applying these lenses enterprise-wide can increase velocity, quality, responsiveness to change, and efficient use of resources. The document provides examples of Asian companies that achieved significant savings and benefits by analyzing their performance chains through these lenses.