This presentation was used to examine the access to essential medicine in West-Africa. It suggested causes and points of improvement.

1. West Africa
Algeria: Michiel de Zeeuw
Benin: Arline Roelofs
Cote d’Ivoire: Sebastiaan van Jole
Eritrea: Lotje Mulder
Ethiopia: Annelot Peijster
Gambia: Sofia Nikolova
Ghana: Samuel Vergunst
Liberia: Lasse Schopmeyer
Nigeria: Trishla Sinha
Senegal: Christine de Nie
Sierra Leone: Mohammed Al Sahhaf
Powerpoint: Sebastiaan van Jole
Presenters: Lotje Mulder & Lasse Schopmeyer
IBMG Year 1 - Block 1.2.2 - Acces to Essential Medicines

2. ±24%
±3%
±1%
Global Disease Burden
Global Health workforce
Global Health budget
West Africa
Affordability of essential medicines is low…

3. Freight
Insurance
Selling
price
Inspection
charges
Causes Of Low Affordability
Combine this with inadequate storage and corruption
and we have a recipe for disastrous health consequences
R&D:
± $1 billion
Taxes
Markups:
up to 665%
Dispensing
fees
Drug
registration
fee
Port
charges
$$$$
So… How to improve A&A&A?

4. Packaging Focus
Incentives
Accessibility
Affordability
Availability
Influencing A&A&A
Size and information matter!
Infra-
structure

5. Focus on
pregnant women
and children
Focus on providing
essential medicines
to all citizens
Further
improvements
Taking Steps…
… towards the progressive realization of the right to health

6. 2. Johnson&Johnson
R&D
investments
3. Sanofi
Donations
Tiered
pricing
schemes
1. GlaxoSmithKline
"Pharmaceutical companies
want to do more
for neglected diseases,
but they at least
need to get credit for it.
The Access to Medicine Index
does exactly that."
Stimulating Pharm Companies
4. Merck & Co. Inc

7. 2Combating Counterfeits $ 200
billion/year
of harmful
drugs
•Scratch code on your medication
•SMS the code to Sproxil
•Receive confirmation
•(Or report the counterfeit meds)
> 800 million
cellular
subscribers in
Africa

8. Differences Between Countries
with regards to: Clinical Guidelines and EML's
Possible Causes
• Local availability
• Local Microbial resistance
• Quality of the guideline could be correlated to
the developmental status of the country
Click here for a summary of our guidelines and EML's

9. •Encourage local production of pharmaceuticals
•Discourage polypharmacy and irrational self-medication
•Implement problem-based-learning
•Enforce regulatory guidelines
•Develop efficient monitoring programs
•Keep the supply chain short
•Foster cooperation between:
Points Of Improvement
- Government
- Non-profit organizations
- Pharmaceutical companies
Recent improvement: Patch vaccine

10. Succes Without Meds
Eradication of the guinea-worm
Through provision of material and education

11. ThankYou!
- Access to Medicine Foundation (2014) Acces to medicine index, Available at:
http://www.accesstomedicineindex.org (Accessed: 23rd January 2014)
- K. Hanson, B. Palafox, S. Anderson, J. Guzman, M. Moran, R. Shretta, T. Wuliji (2012)
'Pharmaceuticals', in M.H. Merson, R.E. Black, A.J. Millls (ed.) Global Health: Diseases, Programs,
Systems, and Policies. USA: Jones & Bartlett Learning, pp. 707-747
- World Health Organization (2014) Guinea-worm disease - Delivering the benefits of eradication,
Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lhj2l_l4ZjQ (Accessed: 23rd January 2014)
sources: