This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for the Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for the Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for the Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes.
Administrative system under the rashtrakutas Virag Sontakke
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
Military Administration and Ethics of War Virag Sontakke
This presentation is prepared for the Graduation students to get basic idea and general information’s regarding the topic. Overall content of presentations is not through and complete, also required further additions.
This Presentation is prepared for the Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes.
Condition of Women before and after independencepragya tripathi
This slide discusses the key points about the conditions of women in India before and after Independence. Equal rights and freedom was given to women when and how? The revolts , revolutionaries and the sacrifices made.
Many references about ancient town planning are available in Vedic literature. The paper (in Hindi) reviews the available literature for students of Sanskrit language.
समुद्री व्यापार.pptx Maritime Trade in IndiaVirag Sontakke
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
Military Administration and Ethics of War .pdfVirag Sontakke
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for the Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes.
Administrative system under the rashtrakutas Virag Sontakke
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
Military Administration and Ethics of War Virag Sontakke
This presentation is prepared for the Graduation students to get basic idea and general information’s regarding the topic. Overall content of presentations is not through and complete, also required further additions.
This Presentation is prepared for the Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes.
Condition of Women before and after independencepragya tripathi
This slide discusses the key points about the conditions of women in India before and after Independence. Equal rights and freedom was given to women when and how? The revolts , revolutionaries and the sacrifices made.
Many references about ancient town planning are available in Vedic literature. The paper (in Hindi) reviews the available literature for students of Sanskrit language.
समुद्री व्यापार.pptx Maritime Trade in IndiaVirag Sontakke
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
Military Administration and Ethics of War .pdfVirag Sontakke
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
Megalithic Culture of India, Megalithic Culture of Penisular IndiaVirag Sontakke
Presentation Lines
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
Painted Grey Ware.pptx, PGW Culture of IndiaVirag Sontakke
Presentation Lines
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
गुप्त कालीन अर्थव्यवस्था .pptx, Economy of Gupta PeriodVirag Sontakke
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
वैदिक अर्थव्यवस्था.pptx, प्राचीन भारतीय वैदिक अर्थव्यवस्था.pptxVirag Sontakke
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
Temple Architecture of Early Chalukyas “Pattadkal” .pptxVirag Sontakke
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
Origin of physical form and structures in Indian architecture.pptxVirag Sontakke
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
Town Planning depicted in Kautilya Arthashatra.pptxVirag Sontakke
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
1. !ाचीन भारत क
े सं वत
डॉ िवराग सोनट,
े
सहायक 1ा2ापक
1ाचीन भारतीय इितहास, सं:
ृ ित और पुरात>
बनारस िहंदू िवBिवCालय
2. !"ावना
• !ाचीन भारतीय अ+भलेखों म2 ित+थ लेखन का अभाव
• !ाचीन भारतीय अ+भलेखों म2 संवत क
े !योग का अभाव
• अ+भलेखों म2 ित+थ का !योग नही
• िकसी ित+थयु; संवत का !योग न होकर शासन वष> का उ@ेख।
• शासक क
े िवगत एवं चालू वषD का !योग कE परGरा
• कालांतर म2 िदन एवं ऋतु क
े !योग कE शूरवात
3. !ाचीन भारत क
े राजाओं क
े शासनवष3 अ5भलेख
1. अशोक का तेरहवाँ +शला!Kापन: ८ वे शासनवषD
2. बेसनगर गNड़ Pंभलेख: भागभQ क
े चौदहव2 शासनवषD
3. हाथीगुSफा अ+भलेख: खारवेल क
े शासनवषD
4. सातवाहन ना+सक अ+भलेख: गौत+मपुU क
े शासनवषD क
े १८ म2 वषाD ऋतु क
े
दूसरे पW क
े पहले िदन
4. संवत का 'ार)
• ईसा पूवD तीसरी शती कE राजनीितक पZर[ितयाँ
• िवदेशी आ^मण कE शूरवात
• अनेक िवदेशी राजवं शो का प+`म भारत म2 शासन
• िवदेशी राजाओं bारा िविवध संवत का उपयोग
• इसी क
े पZरणामefप भारत म2 संवत क
े उपयोग का !ारg
5. अ5भलेखों का मह;
1. वं शवृW
2. युi
3. राj +समाए
4. समक़ालीन राजा
5. शासन lवा
6. राजतंU
7. !जातंU
8. सामा+जक एवं आ+थDक [ित
9. धािमDक [ित
8. िव?म संवत
नाम: क
ृ त, मालव
• ित+थ: ई॰ पू॰ ५८-५७
• प+`म बं गाल को छोड़कर सGूणD उqरी भारत म2 !योग
• िव^म संवत का िव^म नाम बाद म2 जोड़ा गया है
• िव^म संवत क
े आरं+भक !माण राजान से
• बाद म2 यह अ+भलेख “मालव जाित” से सst हो गया
• अuत ८-९ वी शती म2 “राजा िव^मािदw” से सsं +धत
9. क
ृ त संवत क
े अ5भलेखीय !माण: राजCान
1. उदयपुर का नंदसा यूप अ+भलेख ित+थ : क
ृ त सं वत २८२
2. कोटा का बड़वा-यूप अ+भलेख ित+थ : क
ृ त सं वत २९५
3. उदयपुर क
े बनDल क
े यूप लेख ित+थ : क
ृ त संवत २८४ तथा ३३५
4. भरतपुर क
े िव|ुवधDन क
े िवजयगड अ+भलेख ित+थ : क
ृ त सं वत ४२८
5. नरवमाD क
े मंदसौर अ+भलेख ित+थ : क
ृ त संवत ४६१
िव0म संवत
10. मालव सDत् क
े अ5भलेखीय !माण :
• ित+थ: संवत ४६१ से ९३६ तक मालव सत् का उपयोग
• नाम: मालव सं वत, मालवगण सं वत, मालवो का सं वत, मालवेशो का संवत, मालवकाल
• !ा[ान: राजान एवं म‚!देश
1. नरवमाD क
े मंदसौर अ+भलेख: क
ृ त एवं मालव सं वत ४६१
2. क
ु मारगु और बं धुवमाD क
े मंदसौर अ+भलेख: मालवगण सं वत ४९३
3. यशोवमाD का मंदसौर अ+भलेख: मालवगण सं वत ५८९
4. राजान क
े कोटा से +शवगण क
े कनeा अ+भलेख: मालवेशो का संवPर
5. म‚!देश क
े िविदशा क
े „ारसपुर अ+भलेख: मालवकाल
िव^म संवत
11. िव?म संवत
• ित+थ: ९ वी शती से िव^म संवत क
े नाम का उपयोग
1. चंडमहासेन क
े धौलपुर अ+भलेख कE ित+थ: ८९८ िव^मकाल
2. रा…†क
ू ट राजा िवदगराज क
े बीजापुर अ+भलेख ित+थ: ९७३ िव^मकाल
3. बोधगया अ+भलेख ित+थ: १००५ िव^म सं वPर
4. नरवाहन क
े एक+लंगजी अ+भलेख (राजान) ित+थ: १००८ िव^मकाल
12. िव?म संवत: समालोचन
ØसवD!थम क
ृ त संवत
Øमालव जाित से संबं ध: मालव संवत
ØचंQगु िbतीय: शकारी िव^मािदw
Øमालव कE उˆयनी गुों कE िbतीय राजधानी
Øरायचौधरी: मालव सं वत = िव^म सं वत
Øिव^म संवत क
े !सार म2 उˆियनी क
े jोितिवद‰ का योगदान
Øउqर भारत म2 गुˆर-!ितहारों ने िव^म संवत का !सार िकया
Øगुˆर-!ितहारों क
े सामं तो ने भी िव^म संवत का उपयोग िकया।
13. क
ृ त-मालव-िव?म संवत !वत3क
• सरकार: क
ृ त संवत का !वतDन ५८ ई॰ पू॰ म2 शक-पा+थDयायी शासक ने िकया।
• शक-पा+थDयायी शासक का नाम: वोनोनस
• तW+शला अ+भलेख कE ित+थ म2 उ[@[खत महीने का नाम Šीक-पा+थDयायी है,
• अतः क
ृ त संवत पा+थDयायी मूल का है।
• वोनोनस ने पूवŒ ईरान म2 नए राj कE ापना कE थी।
• वोनोनस ने शासन का !थम वषD नवीन गणना का !ारg
• वोनोनस का राj+भषेक ५८ ई॰ पू॰ म2
17. शक संवत
• शक-WUपों ने वषD ४१ से ३१० तक िनय+मत वष> का !योग िकया
• इन वष> कE गणना शक सं वत से समfप है
1. किनŽ =७८-१०१ ई
2. व+सŽ = १०२-१०६ ई
3. िवŽ=१०६-१३८ ई
4. किनŽ II=११९ ई
5. वासुदेव =१५२-१७८ ई
6. नहपान =११९-१२४ ई
7. च…न: १३० ई
8. NQदामन =१३०-१५० ई
18. शक संवत
• शकों-WUपों क
े अP क
े बाद भी यह संवत लोकि!य
• पूवD म‚काल म2 शक संवत भारतीय परGरा म2 समािहत
• िवदेशी ‘ृित को न… िकया गया एवं
• लोकि!य िव^मािदw क
े समान शक शा+लवाहन क
े साथ जोड़ा गया
• शक शा+लवाहन=सातवाहन नरेश गौत+मपुU सातकणŒ से
• गौत+मपुU सातकणŒ= शकों-WUपों का िवनाशक
• शक संवत का सst शक शा+लवाहन का संदभD क’ड़ Šंथ “उदभट काl” शक ११४४
(१२२२ ई)
19. शक संवत का द5Gण भारत मH !सार
1. काँची नरेश +संहवमाD क
े २२ वे राjवषD (शक संवत क
े ३८० वे वषD म2)
2. शक संवत का उपयोग बादामी क
े चालु“ों क
े अ+भलेख म2 आ (शक वषD,
शक-नृप-राj)
3. द+Wण भारत म2 शक संवत का !सार जैन धमD से आ
4. कालकाचायD कथानक: शकों को जैनमत का रWक बताया गया है।
5. jोितष वराह+मिहर ने शक संवत का !सार िकया
20. शक संवत का समालोचन
1. भारत का सवाD+धक !च+लत एवं लोकि!य संवत
2. वतDमान काल म2 भी उपयोग म2
3. भारत का रा…†ीय संवत
4. २०२१+७८= शक संवत = २०९९
22. गुJ संवत
• !वतDक: चंQगु !थम
• ित+थ: ३१९ ई
• !ाचीन भारत का !मुख संवत
• सGूणD गु शासकों ने इसी संवत का उपयोग
• ये ित+थयाँ राजाओं क
े कालानूसार बढ़ती जाती है
23. गु# शासकों क* वष- नूसार ित3थयाँ
अनु $॰ राजा अ)भलेख ित)थयाँ
१ चं6गु8 ि9तीय मथुरा का =ंभलेख
उदयिगरी का शैव गुहालेख
साँची अ)भलेख
६१
८२
९३
२ क
ु मारगु8 Jथम िबलसद =ंभलेख
धनैद ताMलेख
दामोदरपुर ताMलेख
९६
११३
१२४
३ Q
ं दगु8 जूनागड )शलालेख
कहौम =ंभलेख
इंदोर ताMलेख
१३६, १३७, १३८
१४१
१४६
४ क
ु मारगु8 ि9तीय सारनाथ लेख १५४
५ बुधगु8 सारनाथ लेख
दामोदरपुर ताMलेख
एरण का लेख
१५७
१६३
१६५
६ वैZगु8 गुनेघर अ)भलेख
एरण का =ंभलेख
१८८
१९१
24. गुJ संवत क
े अ= नाम
1. •
ं दगु क
े जूनागड +शलालेख म2 गु शासक अपने ही संवत का !योग करते
है
2. गु संवत को अ+भलेखों म2 “ गु !काल” कहा है।
3. गुों क
े समकालीन शासक भी गु संवत का !योग करते थे।
4. शशांक क
े गंजाम अ+भलेख : गौता–
5. क
ं िठयाँवाड क
े मौबी ता˜लेख: गौे
6. क
ं िठयाँवाड क
े वलभी क
े मैUक वं श ने गु संवत को जारी रखा