Implicit Gender Bias Essay

Implicit Gender Bias Essay
Implicit Gender Bias and Women in STEM Fields
Most people consider themselves as rational, reasoning individuals who make decisions after considering the facts at hand. Research suggests that this
is often not the case, with implicit bias at work shaping one's responses. Researchers at Cornell University have defined implicit bias as "unconscious,
unintentional bias" (Royer, Hido & Slotnick, 2017). Predictors of implicit bias include socio–economic status, gender, ethnicity, childhood experience,
and cultural experience (Cooley, Payne & Phillips, 2013). Unlike explicit bias which reflects attitudes or beliefs that one endorses on a conscious level,
implicit bias refers to attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions and decisions in an unconscious manner resulting from subtle
cognitive processes that often operate at a level below conscious awareness and without intentional control (Gyan, n.d.). Of these, implicit gender bias
affects the health and social wellbeing of women, as well as disadvantages women economically and in the workplace. As such implicit gender bias is
endemic within the scientific, technological, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields, and this bias can disadvantage women pursing these careers
(Moss–Racusin, Dovidio, Brescoll, Graham & Handelsman, 2012). The importance of further study of mitigating interventions of this implicit gender
bias is clear. Our hypothesis is that implicit gender bias related to women in STEM fields will
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Media Bias Essay
Media has been playing a significant role in our daily lives by developing our personalities, enriching our knowledge and providing us with different
sorts of information. It has a tremendous power in framing cultural guidelines and shaping political dissertation. If the information provided to the U.S.
citizens is distorted, then they cannot make informed decisions on the matters of public policy. Thus, it becomes vital to the American democracy that
the news media and its institutions remain unbiased, fair and accurate. Media bias happens when a media systematically and persistently emphasize one
particular point of view that is usually below the standards of professional journalism. There can be various reasons for media bias, some of ... Show
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Recently, in June 2017, Grant Charley reported a news article named 'One Almost–Certain Risk for Investors in the Health–Care Bill; Higher out of
pocket spending will keep the spotlight on healthcare costs' in The Wall Street Journal which was published by Dow Jones & Company. Later, in
August 2017, Deborah Barfield Berry reported a news article named 'Blacks look to close health gap; With ACA in limbo, leaders take matters into
their own hands' in USA Today which was published by the newspaper company itself. Both the newspaper articles were focused on the proposed
healthcare bill and Affordable Care Act (ACA).
Comparison and contrast between both articles According to Charley (2017), even after the enactment of new healthcare bill proposed by the
Republicans, the out–of–pocket expenses for the patients is expected to rise. As per the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), the total
out–of–pocket spending is expected to increase by $221 billion more than the ACA over the next 10 years. Charley also mentions that these higher
deductibles seem to be a logical outcome of the proposed healthcare bill in order to decrease the insurance premiums and minimize the number of
Americans who can lose their health insurance. This exhibits Charley's biased approach towards supporting the new healthcare

Gender Bias Of Face Recognition
The ability of humans to recognise and remember faces is remarkable. Interestingly, there seem to be many factors that influence the performance of
facial recognition, such as age, gender, race and even particular social or cultural groups that people belong to.
This experiment explores whether there is gender bias in face recognition.
Own–gender bias in facial recognition is the tendency to recognise individuals from one's own gender better than individuals from the other gender
(Herlitz & LovГ©n, 2013).
Categorisation–Individuation model: (Herlitz & LovГ©n, 2013)
Categorisation: classification of face according to shared group features
Individuation: classification of faces according to individual features
Individuation is more effective with faces you are most familiar with. Our perceptual expertise comes from early childhood caregivers, friendship
groups, cultural representations etc. (Herlitz & LovГ©n, 2013)
Categorisation is more effective when faces belong to a group you identify with. Out–group faces are processed categorically, whilst in–group faces are
processed individually. In–groups can include gender, age, ethnicity, membership or organisations etc. (Wolff, Kemter, Schweinberger & Wiese, 2014)
Review relevant literature: theories & past research,
In the past, there has been evidence for bias in facial recognition for people that are similar to us in a certain way, whether it be race, age, or some
other characteristic. For example, there is own–race bias,

Robots Bias
The news is bias, don't believe in what the news says, they just tell you half of the true and they also twist the real information. It is true that news
just tell what is convenient for the community and they also take some events as a fake new, there are different types of bias that we can explore,
but no one really says all the real new, but by reading and investigating, we can make a simple guess about what really is happening. One of the
biases that are very heard tell a lot about the development of technology and share some information about how robots had been invented to be
worrying because they will replace humans. For example in the Article from the news "The Republic", named "The Year the Robots Came for Our
Jobs", inform that because the development of technology, in the future people, will be replaced by robots. This article says that "Machines' ability to
perform human tasks–physical, intellectual, and emotional–improved dramatically this... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example in an article called "How robots are making our lives easier", published by Federal Ministry of Education and Research, states that
"Who wouldn't appreciate being liberated from domestic chores such as cleaning, ironing, cooking or mowing the lawn from time to time? Even if
the task in question were performed by a machine." and it also says "The emotional bond between human and machine is, in fact, an important aspect
when developing service robots, they are part of our daily lives. To achieve maximum acceptance, they need to be easy to operate and perceived as
friendly". Is clear that media is just telling the good and the benefit parts about robots and they make sound nice to convince what is convenient to
people, showing just the nice part of the

Media Bias In The Media
"Every time you silence someone you make yourself a prisoner of your own action because you deny yourself the right to hear something"
(Hitchens), for several years, our nation has become divided over the thought of a biased media. While one side argues that it is being done for
commercial purposes, the other claims it has become a Liberal tactic to promote hatred towards conservatives. Liberals also declare how conservatives
have created a 'fake news' epidemic. Is there a bias in the media and how does it affect our government and society? During the Vietnam War, bias in
the media became apparent in America. Many liberal sided news sources, such as the New York Times, created a distorted view of the war as an
oppressive attack on a Liberal Vietnam, as opposed to it being an American strategy of communist containment (A Brief History of Media Bias). But
as technology advances, credibility from news sources have decreased dramatically; possibly creating a sectional divide in our society while
threatening our democracy. From a statistical viewpoint, bias in the media is nothing but a commercial strategy. According to D'Alessio ( a professor
of communication sciences at the University of Connecticut Stamford), news reporting has become balanced as a result of profit gains (Farhi). And
with the help of technology, media coverage can now be expanded to greater lengths––bringing in more profit. This conclusion being derived from
almost one hundred studies of the media within

Linguistic Bias
Bias is a discernibly human quality; like all things human in nature, there lies deep in our consciousness values, axiology's, and prejudice. These
'biases', rather worldviews, create within each person their own rose coloured lenses with which they perceive, and more importantly, influence the
world. To look at howbias can occur both blatantly and subtly in writing, three distinct forms will be analyzed; Linguistic Biases,
Perhaps the most common bias is the linguistic bias. Simply, this is where the writer conveys information, emotion, and perspective in a biased
manner. This can be done knowingly or unknowingly, but the negative impact to the readers doesn't change. In the case of a report by Career Services
for the University of Wisconsin–Stout, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The danger here is present, misrepresenting history is an omission of truth for untruth. When Ideology and beliefs overbear pertinent facts, it opens the
door for Orwellian tactics in using biases like unreality to shape a fictional truth. In this case, the bias was used to shape Texas students understanding
of the confederations values, rationale, and involvement with slavery and the trading thereof to suit a set of beliefs held amongst those in power. This
shows that biases are prevalent in society and at times, very intentional.
Lastly, likely the most pronounced bias is stereotyping; whether used in comedy, rhetoric, or everyday life, stereotyping is everywhere. The best
example of this bias would be the recent 2015 Presidential election in the USA. Growing political polarization, with prevalent misinformation, and
ignorance of 'the other side', creates an ideal powder keg for sweeping generalizations. A good indicator of stereotyping in the US follows from what
adjectives are used to describe each party from their opposition, seen here in figure 1. Figure 1. (Martin,

Media Bias
The media today has become a topic of concern for many members of the general population. Am I getting a reliable source of information? Is this
source withholding the truth and ameliorating a topic? If I know that the information being reported is false, how can I trust that any other
information from this source can be trusted? These are several questions that a particular citizen might make on a day to day basis, and when the
question of bias is thrown into the mix, an overwhelming feeling of mistrust in our media can ensue. Media sources today are siding more and more
towards their viewers political views, and this creates a form of media–bias that can spread untrustworthy information out into the public. Depending
on your media source,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many members of the general public have caught onto the ruse of mass media outlets, and are starting to not trust them. A Gallup poll from the
somewhat recent year of late 2016 has shown that Americans' trust in mass media has fallen to a record setting low. For the general population,
only 32 percent of Americans trusted the media outlets' reports with a "great deal of trust" or a "fair amount of trust". A deeper look into the polling
shows that only 14 percent of population who classify as Republican trust the media a great deal or a fair amount. This could be due to the bias
against Republicans in certain media sources, or it could fall into something deeper. As for age groups, ages 18–49 have shown 26 percent in the same
trust rating, while 50 and older shows 38 percent. The difference in percentages due to age are most likely due to the technological fluency of younger
generations. Better understanding of technology can allow for a person to dig deeper into what is true or false in the media

What Is Negativity Bias?
"A word of scandal spreads like a spot of oil." As the old saying goes, negative events always have a higher impact than positive events. This
phenomenon, referred as the negativity bias (Baumeister et al. 2001; Rozin and Royzman 2001), is ubiquitous in our daily life. Ill news travels
faster than good ones (Basu 1997). Negative feedback have a higher impact than positive feedback (Basuroy et al. 2003, Chevalier and Mayzlin 2006).
And negative experiences are easier to recall (Baumeister et al. 2001, Huang et al. 2014). Indeed, negativity bias exists in different ways and it has been
identified as a cognitive bias that is persistent and difficult to correct. The consequences of the negativity bias, which is obvious that people are
exposed to more negative information, become more conservative (Basu 1997) and may end with sub–optimal judgments or decisions. It is notable that
the literature has attempted to explore the possible accounts for negativity bias (Baumeister et al. 2001; Rozin and Royzman 2001; Taylor 1991;
Fiske 1980; Peeters and Czapinski 1990). The literature has also established the effect of information technologies on different decision biases. In
general, information technologies could alleviate decision biases effectively. Previous research have shown that IT can mitigate the sunk cost effect
bias (Herrmann et al. 2015), anchoring and adjustment bias (George et al. 2000), base rate bias (Roy and Lerch 1996), and the first impression bias
(Lim et al. 2000).

Journalism Bias
The Effects of Journalism Bias in America
A quarter of all young adults in America are cannibals. While this statement is true, it is wildy misleading. The undoctored statistic is roughly 25% of
young adults in America bite their nails. It is technically not incorrect to depict nail biters as cannibals, but this type of misleading manipulation
completely changes the meaning of the data. Rephrasing polls or surveys while retaining the same data is just one of the many ways journalists use
deception to mold the news into their desired bias. An increase in journalism bias has coincided with the political polarization of America, and the links
between the two are frequent. With media as most Americans only way to stay educated on our nation's issues, any flaws in reporting will have
proliferating effects on the millions of Americans watching. Since the dawn of media journalism, a bias has existed. Due to shifts within the networks
and liberal leaning education, this bias has grown into an uncontrollable beast that contributes to the harsh political polarization of America. The
creation and prosperity of a widespread journalism bias is becoming more prevalent, resulting in an extremely partisan public and without addressing
the change, it will soon become a dilemma with no foreseeable method to reverse or correct the damage.
Background
The media has been used over the past 60 years by writers, producers, actors, and executives to promote their ideology and mold Americans into

Personal Narrative: My Personal Bias
Do you have a personal bias? When I was first told that I had had to write an essay about my personal essay, I didn't believe I had a bias. Once I looked
at what a bias was and a few examples, I figured out I did have a bias. Everyone in this world has a bias against a certain group of people or an idea.
Wheather it is against an ethnic group, age, gender, sexual orientation, or disability.
I have figured out that my bias is toward people who are covered in tattos and have their pants sagging. Many of the crime videos you see on the
news, show males who have tattos and/or have their pants sagging. Even though I should not let the fear grow in me because I have a relative who
has gone to prison and is covered in tattoos, but he has never hurt someone just because he wanted to. Although most may be gang related, they usually
don't hurt you unless you start a problem with them or are from an opposing gang. Even though I know they won't hurt me intentianally, I am still
afraid when I see them walking on the street or at any location I am at. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When I see them, I feel like one of their enemies will pass by and a shooting might occur. When I am at the same home with them I am afraid that
their enemies will know where they are at and start a shooting. When I am at the gas station I am afraid that they will rob the store and possibly shoot
at something random and there will be a lost bullet that will hit me or someone else. When I see them somewhere, I just mind my own buisness and
make sure I don't stare at them. Many of them feel that when someone stares at them, they have a problem with

Psychology And Cognitive Science, Confirmation Bias ( Or...
In psychology and cognitive science, confirmation bias (or confirmatory bias) is a tendency to search for or interpret information in a way that
confirms one 's preconceptions, leading to statistical errors. It is a type of cognitive bias and represents an error of inductive inference toward
confirmation of the hypothesis under study.
Confirmation bias is a phenomenon wherein decision makers have been shown to actively seek out and assign more weight to evidence that confirms
their hypothesis, and ignore or underweigh evidence that could disconfirm their hypothesis.
As such, it can be thought of as a form of selection bias in collecting evidence.
An individual might even seek out "proof" that further backs up this belief, while discounting examples that do not support this idea.
Unlike other similar concepts such overconfidence bias or anchoring, confirmation biases impact how people gather information, but they also
influence how people interpret and recall information. For example, people who support or oppose a particular issue will not only seek information
that supports their beliefs, they will also interpret news stories in a way that upholds their existing ideas and remember things in a way that also
reinforces these attitudes.
Therefore, this concept is important because without seeking for objective facts, interpreting information in a way that only supports one's existing
beliefs, and only remembering details that uphold these beliefs, people often miss important

How Is Media Inherently Bias
Media is not inherently bias, however different viewpoints, goals and opinions cause media sources to be biased. Even though the press is supposed
to be impartial and provide truthful information to the people, emotions, and opinions cause journalists to manipulate the content the press produces.
This leads to a multitude of alternate biases. For example, some media sources are biased in the favor of Republicans and others in the favor of
Democrats. Many are also independent and have a set of views and beliefs all their own. Media biases also vary in intensity. Some sources may attempt
to seem neutral, but possess an underlying bias to a certain side. Others, on the other hand, may thrive on criticizing and denouncing an opposing side.
Technically,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was created to be free of external influence and free to cover all stories possible. Even though some news is impartial, people have different biases
and many media organizations attempt to appeal to that bias through gatekeeping and agenda–setting. This allows people to congregate with others
with the same views and create an atmosphere that ignores people who do not have the same biases. Consequently, people become polarized and
oblivious to the people on the opposite side of the ideological spectrum. However, simply diversifying the sources of one's media intake may break
through the atmosphere of polarization. If one understands the opposing side's point of view, then he or she will discover other types of bias and
the reasons behind that bias. In other words, if a person were to watch solely Democratic sources of media, then he or she will never comprehend
the Republican point of view. However, if the person chooses to watch a variety of news sources, then he or she will learn to appreciate both sides of
the political spectrum. The observer will then understand that the media is geared towards a specific audience and all have different biases and bias

News Reporting Bias Analysis
People who watch the daily news usually don't watch a variety of other news stations therefore whichever the station reports the news it usually tends
to be biased. The truth can be obscure with all the biased views in media that's why it is important to learn how to tell the difference between the
misleading information and truthful information. Due to this reason the viewpoints of a person can be biased due to the influence of biased news.
Viewpoints such as those can be avoided if the truth can be detected easily, such as by simply watching several news stations with different stances in
politics, and etc. Learning and studying the viewpoints of the different media outlets can help you understand what facts are actually true and which are
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What this quote is basically referring to is since people can't spend too much time skim and scanning articles to find the truth in them. There is now
outlets being created to help the viewers find the truth in journalism reportings therefore helping improve journalism because it is checking on
journalist to make sure they don't report lies due to their biases. McManus in his article talks about how now in modern days there is too much biased
views in news and has lead to the creation of small news outlets that are online who try to report news but without all the biased writings. There are
smaller news stations that focus on finding the truth and not being biased on their reporting but more of showing both views to a situation. Shows like
these are appearing online nowadays such as one called The Young Turks. Although they seem biased they will help the viewer on detecting the truth
from the lies in news by taking different viewpoints basically going through the trouble to find the truth in different reportings and just reporting the
facts. One method people can use to determine the truth is by using the SMELL test. What the SMELL test is basically breaking down an article for a
person to

Communication : The Danger Of Bias In Communication?
The Danger Of Bias In Communication Picture this: you're attempting to lift a heavy object, like a couch or a refrigerator, when you realize you
can't move it alone, despite how hard you may try. As you look around the room to see if there is anyone around who could help you lift this very
heavy object, you notice a woman and a man, of about the same height and weight. Who do you ask for help?
The average person, when asked this question, might respond by choosing the man. They might choose the man because men are often stereotyped as
being bigger and stronger than women – and therefore, the average person would feel more inclined to choose the man than the woman. This is a very
simplified example of bias. Bias is a very prevalent issue within communication, especially within my own communication. It's incredibly easy to allow
emotion and preference to cloud logical decisions – to allow bias to block out beneficial choices. For example, my bias for preferring baseball over
orchestral performances led to major regret when I skipped an accredited cultural event to watch a baseball game – and then the Yankees lost.
However, bias can have much more serious effects than disappointment over a lost baseball game. Oftentimes in communication, bias is expressed
in a selfish manner, where the "prejudice in favor" is of oneself (dictionary.com). The selfishness that bias is rooted in is its downfall, the reason
that bias corrupts communication and renders it void. Bias, selfishness, and sin in general all create immense communication barriers that can only
be overcome by a relationship with God. Before addressing the more complex aspects of bias, some background information is in order. The
dictionary definition of bias is "prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be
unfair" (dictionary.com). The keyword in that definition is "unfair". Of course, some level of bias is always inevitable in a person. Every single person is
shaped by the events they experience, the influences they are exposed to, and the lessons they learn throughout life, and all of these factors contribute
not only to the person's psychological identity, but also to their

Liberal Bias
Does the Media Have a Liberal Bias?
Fred Barnes and Robert F. Kennedy Jr. has different views on liberal prejudice. First, Barnes agrees to the media liberal unfairness, and he claims
that the media refuse to give conservatives a job. Furthermore, positive news reports have data to prove that the liberal media is unfair. Next, Kennedy
admits that bias do exist in the media; however, he is certain that the media has a conservative bias instead of a liberal bias. Kennedy also claims that
United States citizens believe in news that is untrue. The media tends to implant incorrect information through the radio, newspaper, and many others
from the conservative viewpoint (Finsterbusch 2014).
According to Alterman (2003: 128), "a 'liberal bias' in

Analysis Of Bias By Elie Wiesel
"Believe nothing, no matter where you read it or who has said, not even if I have said it, unless it agrees with your own reason and your own
common sense" is what Buddha once said. Bias is favoring or being against something. This comes from people being raised into having something to
believe in or against that agrees with their own reason and common sense. When people have religion they have, and are given something to believe in.
These beliefs that people have help control their personal bias whether it be good or bad. Elie Wiesel, who was a young Jewish boy during World War
II, was kept in many concentration camps. After a night of horror on a train, many of the men along with Elie "felt free of the previous night's
terror" when they reached Auschwitz and then "gave thanks to God" for this feeling of freedom (Wiesel 27). They didn't know what was in store for
them later, having never heard of Auschwitz, but they had their Jewish religion and belief in God. This belief led them to think at first that nothing
could be worse than that train ride which gave rise to bias towards Auschwitz and against the train ride without realizing what they would later
experience. As Elie's experience in concentration camps increased, he listened in on what some of the men would say when they weren't surrounded
by machine guns. Some of the "men spoke of God" specifically about "His mysterious ways, the sins of the Jewish people, and the redemption to
come" after they got out of the

Fox News Bias
"Halloween is a liberal holiday because we're teaching our children to beg for something for free...we're teaching kids to knock on other people doors
and ask for handouts." Sean Hannity from Fox News said in October of 2007. Fox News has been the mainstream, go–to news station for years. The
popular news station gained the trust of the public by its credibility and ability to spread news fast and efficiently. Now, in the twenty first century,
people are questioning the credibility of Fox News and if they are using personal biases to present stories and segments. Fox News presents
information of conservative views, good ol' fashion American Traditions, and creating heroic personas of American figures through glorybias.
Conservative views can be visible on all platforms of Fox News media. Topics that were under the 'Trending in opinions' tab on FoxNews.com, as of
January 2, 2015 at 1:34p.m, were the following "Obamas budget: Taxing Grandma to fund the AFL–CIO, Free community college? For Obama's plan
to succeed business must be part of the equation, Obamas housing recovery plan could bring another great recession, Mitt Romney was right: To win
in 2016, here's what republicans must do now" All of the 'trending opinions' on fox news are biased towards glorifying the republican; a more
conservative party, and making the democratic party out as fools. There has and will always be a divide on conservative versus liberal ideologies, there
is nothing we can change about that.

Reseach on the Impact of Religion Bias on Performance...
1. Introduction One of the fundamental purposes of management accounting and control research is to motivate employees to operate for the firm's
interest. It is clear that incentives affect overall performance, and thus, managers and accountants by providing monetary incentives and compensation
systems aim to improve their employees' performance. However, the inequity is produced by the design of compensation contracts and by managers'
performance evaluation biases, is perceived to be one of the main problems of firm's prosperity. A large theoretical literature, based on agency theory,
has emphasized how firms design compensation contracts make employees to do their best for the firm. Therefore, firms include many different
mechanisms (i.e. piece rates, options, bonuses and stocks, budget targets) in their compensation contracts to align interests between the employees and
their managers. However, objective measures are not perfect and using only these is unlikely to be the most effective way to motivate employees
(Feltham & Xie 1994; Hemmer 1996). Financial measures provoke a reallocation of activities toward those that are directly compensated and away
from the uncompensated activities, known as multitasking problem (Holmstrom & Milgrom, 1990, Baker 1992). They have been criticized for
promoting over–emphasis on short–turn financial results, and thus, they sacrifice long–turn (Ittner et al., 1997, 2003). Moreover, financial measures of
performance tend to be noisy

Personal Bias In Research
Facts are statements that are indisputably true. Truthful statements are authentic because they are widely accepted to be accurate and fit reality.
When answering the question "given access to the same facts , how is it possible that there can be disagreements between experts in a discipline?",
one must consider the definition of an expert. For the sake of this paper I am defining an expert as someone who excels in their field , and constantly
evolves their knowledge as their field progresses. I believe that disagreements between experts when presented with the same facts, occur because of
bias. Bias is a sway towards one side or view of a situation or statement. Therefore I ask , how does someone's personal bias affect their interpretation ...
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Faith is a complete trust in a principal or being without proof of existence. Religious experts are often those who lead organized worship such as
bishops, rabbis , imams, monks, and more. They are often taught by programs that are created by fellow religious leaders. In these programs, the
students are taught the teachings of the religion, often based on a religious text. Religious texts are known to be passed down, and therefore modified
through the ages by those who believed that the stories should be amended or represent something different. While a pastor of a methodist church and a
preacher of a baptist church consult the same texts, the denominations differ in interpretation. This is due to the way each denomination or church
leader presents their version of the

Examples Of Bias In To Kill A Mockingbird
Bias is defined as "prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair".
Each and everyone of us have a bias perspective towards one thing or another whether we are brave enough to admit or not. A person becomes bias
through personal experiences or things they have read or heard. My brother and I used to play mario kart together and he would refuse to play unless
he had the character "Wario" because he thought Wario was the only good character. This was an example of him being biased against the other
characters in the game. I find myself being extremely bias towards movies I watch. I love Nicholas Sparks movies and I often find myself refusing to
open my mind to other romance movies not written by him. These examples of bias are harmless but when there is bias in a court of law, the world
of science or in any way hurtful to others, is when bias becomes a real problem and damages people. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The little town in Alabama faces many problems with being open to new ideas such as the acceptance of African–Americans and the evolvement of
women equality. "I guess it ain't your fault if Uncle Atticus is a nigger–lover besides, but I'm here to tell you it certainly does mortify the rest of the
family–" The people of Maycomb are unaccepting, judgemental and bigotry. "'Well most folks seem to think they're right and you're wrong...' 'They're
certainly entitled to think that and they're entitled to full respect of their opinions,' said Atticus" Although Atticus is not being given respect and
people's open–minds, he will still respect them, their decisions and their feelings towards

Bias In Health Care
The most important piece of information that I learned is that the description of bias in research is, a deviation from the true results and there is
almost no way to avoid it. Bias happens when there is an underlying factor continuously deforms the new findings of a study (EVIDENCE BASED
PRACTICE: What is bias in health research?, 2009).
Even in a study done by incorporating as much randomness as possible, there is bound to be some bias. Random bias would always be present, as
human beings aren't omnipotent with the ability to control everything. In a method, that is as much protected from bias as possible, like a triple blind
study, where the experimenter, test subjects, and the monitoring committee are oblivious to each other, some level

The Role Of Bias In Speech-Language Pathology
A phenomenon applicable to the vast field of Speech–Language Pathology, and the foundation of research now and in the future can all be attributed
to, difference versus disorder. This concept considers the complexities of those served within the profession and highlights the range of possibilities
displayed from an individual, that draws a fine line between a person being labeled as having a dialectal difference or a speech and/or language
disorder. A difference can be defined as an alteration in an individual's speech and/or language that can be attributed to internal and external factors
such as race, culture, and the environment in which a person lives. In contrast, a disorder is an actual disability that interferes with a person's speech ...
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There are distinctive social rules, behaviors, interpretation rules, production rules, and proximity rules that exist in varying cultures (Taylor & Payne,
1983). This impacts how a client will address and behave towards a clinician depending on their background. Within this bias fall misunderstanding
and misinterpretation due to what is acceptable in one culture versus what is acceptable in another culture (Taylor & Payne, 1983). Situational biases
develop from the pragmatics aspect of language, reflecting the possibility of response variability based upon the situation, the audience, and the topic
(Taylor & Payne, 1983). Next, the article discussed directions or format bias, which reveals the faults within the framework of test materials. The
format of certain tests and the directions within the test usually do not consider various cultures, and may not be relevant to some cultures. The article
gives the example of Chicano children who have field–dependent orientation to cognition; they may not know how to respond to an assessment
question that deviates from the norms within their culture (Taylor & Payne, 1983). For example, it's like taking

The Bias Of The Media
There is no getting away from the fact that the media is biased it is just which side of the aisle that they are biased to that I believe is the main
question that needs to be answered. The progressive liberal side screams bias whiles the conservative army also scream bias so is there really bias in
the media. I will take a look at the mass media most specifically cable news and syndicated talk shows to prove the point that bias in the media is
more a myth that the leaders of each side preaches so that their followers believe that this bias exist. Not to be confused media bias does exist but also
there is barely any objective source left such that once you start reading through the lines you realize the myth that I am talking about.
In as much as we might try our best to ignore it, communication among people always happens in a context. A statement made in one's presence whiles
an event is happening will convey a different understanding than that same statement made away from event. That is why we can make statements like
"you should have been there to understand this situation" once the context is taken away the message is not the same. Also all communication needs a
medium for it to be carried along and when individuals and groups are communicating one should not overlook how they are situated historically,
politically, economically, and socially. This state of affairs is neither bad nor good. It simply is. Bias is a minor word that categorizes the communal
influences of

Cultural Bias In Wikipedia Essay
The article, "Cultural Bias in Wikipedia Content on Famous Persons," investigates if there is any cultural bias in Wikipedia biographies. The writers
started by discussing what Wikipedia is and some of the issues with it. Some of these issues include: lack of accuracy, unknown motives, uncertain
expertise, volatility, unconfirmed or lacking sources, and selective coverage biased by the specific interest of contributors. The authors decided to test
the last concern; they formed a hypothesis and tested Wikipedia in two different languages to see if there was any cultural bias. The writers chose
English and Polish. Primary English speaking countries have a different culture than the Polish speaking country (Callahan, Herring 1899 – 1900). The
writers chose to use the United States and Poland as the test cultures. They chose the United States since it was the largest English speaking country
and the country in which Wikipedia originated. They formed two research questions and two hypotheses. The questions were about the differences
between English and Polish versions of articles about famous people and if they favor local ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These thirty people were divided into five different categories. There was a total of 60 people. Three from each country in each category. The categories
were as follows: sports, politics, music, moves, and academe/religion. The authors tested in structural and thematic content. The structural category
included elements such as entry length, presence and frequency of outlines, lists, references, et cetera. The thematic category included elements such as
favorableness of coverage, education, nationality, political ideology and controversy. All of these elements were looked at in each of the following
categories: American – English, Pole – English, American – Polish, and Pole – Polish and then compared (Callahan, Herring 1903 –

The Ethics Of Implicit Bias
"You are a racist!" is a phrase that produces anxiety and triggers defensive mindsets, especially in work environments. Are you racist? Are you sexist?
Are you bias? The answers to these questions might not be as stress–free to answer as you believe. Is it possible to be biased without the intent to be
biased? Yes. There are two different types of biases; explicitbias and implicit bias. Explicit bias is when you consciously believe that certain races,
genders, or religions are inferior. Implicit bias is when you think that you are unbiased but actually perform unconscious bias actions. Recognizing
implicit bias is no easy undertaking which is why there have been theoretical attempts to avert implicit bias before it materializes. In the modern
business world, unintentional prejudiced actions happen every day. In his paper "Context and the Ethics of Implicit Bias," Michael Brownstein
attempts to find a solution to these critical issues. In this essay, I will attempt to explain the theories behind the three 'ethics of implicit bias' and what
problems arise in each situation according to Brownstein. I will then describe the advanced contextualist approach of Brownstein's and why I consider
his strategy to be the most effective in business settings through my own personal experiences. First I will go over the three strategies. In his paper
"Context and the Ethics of Implicit Bias," Michael Brownstein lists three approaches used to battle implicit bias. The three 'ethics of

The World Is Bias Analysis
The world is biased whether some want to believe it or not. My own essay is biased.Whenever someone is one sided we automatically accuse him or
her of being quite prejudice. Humans are always inclined to interpret situations in an individual way. People perceive each other in society fairly
critically and diminish traits by looking at someone's flaws. Although bias can be detectable,some types of bias are hard to point out. We consistently
categorize the world attempting to lose threats. There is a variety of bias that is used in print media and also in person but why is that?How would
we be able to conquer this biases we have in society as it is? Firstly Homo sapiens especially are prone to hypothesize normal since..well...the
beginning of

Negativity Bias In News And Media
News and media, specifically the language used by news and media outlets, has a very real effect on our consciousnesses and therefore our actions as
a society. Negativity bias is very real and has a substantial effect on our overall world outlook. Similarly, how article titles are phrased drastically
sways what information we retain and which articles we choose to read. It has been shown in various studies that subtle misinformation and so–called,
'alternative facts' lead to an overall shift in our consciousness as a society. Therefore, both news and media have a significant impact on our beliefs and
mindset overall as a society through the employment of negativity bias, the specific phrasing of articles and their titles, and deliberate subtle
misinformation to the public.
Negativity bias is the concept that even when of equal intensity, things of a more negative nature have a greater effect on our psychological state and
process than do positive or neutral thoughts. Examples of this include, unpleasant thought, harmful or traumatic experiences, and negative emotions,
especially fear. This concept can be seen on a variety of platforms but is most evident in combat veterans, victims of violent or especially traumatic
events, and, surprisingly, journalists. When we hear of PTSD we expect an image of a veteran, or a victim or some violent event like rape, seeing
their parents die horribly, being a victim of a mass shooting, etc.. Yet, journalists are more likely to become

Bias And Social Perceptions
Bias is something every person has; It is the inclination to feel prejudice towards a certain person, subject, or thing. On a personal level, bias affects
just about everything a person could encounter, or has yet to encounter in their lifetime. There are two main types of biases people can have; Cognitive
bias involves topics such as social attribution or memory errors, that are quite common and have a wide range of effects on how humans perceive
things. The other type of bias is called social biases, or sometimes referred to as attributional bias. Attributional biases affect our everyday social
interactions, and has a strong impact on people when trying to assess their own and others behaviors. Why do people have bias? There are several
factors that can be behind a single bias of one person, but there are a set of main principles that can define the basics of bias. The self attribution
bias, previous experiences, emotional connection and beliefs all have influence over people's prejudice towards just about every aspect in life;
these principles also serve as a reference point to my own examples of bias that will be looked into. These three topics that will be covered are not
the only sources of bias, there are dozens of factors that can create prejudice. Bias is a natural occurrence for humans, and implicit bias will affect the
perception and prejudice towards people, places, and social topics. The self attribution bias refers to individuals tendency that leads

News Programs Bias And Political Party
A news programs bias and political party standings can effect what types of propaganda they show of certain candidates. For example, FOX news is a
strictly Republican news channel, it supports Republican candidate, meanwhile news channels such as MSNBC and PBS are extremely democratic
programs and support Democratic candidates in elections. News programs political bias can affect the way that particular program portrays a
candidate for an upcoming election and a candidate's portrayal can change a voter's opinion of a candidate and can cause that candidate to lose
viewers' votes. The broadcasting of malicious rumors and gossip in any form by news programs gives a negative conception to a viewer. No
viewer wants to vote for a candidate that is portrayed in a way that makes the viewer believe that they are bad for the country. Every viewer needs to
take in to consideration the political bias of a news program before changing his or her opinion of a candidate as well as do some research on the
candidates of an election themselves.
Lastly, the dramatization by news programs today produces a glamorization of crime. News stories on crimes are extremely popular due to the fact
audiences' remembers bad news much easier than good news. Take history for example, much of history is filled with recounts of gruesome murders,
wars, and scandals. An estimated 71 million viewers across the country tune in to their local news station's broadcast (Yanich, 2004, p. 537). It can
easily be

Unconscious Bias In The Workplace: Article Analysis
As a future social worker I need to be aware of the biases I have and what I must do so it does not impact my clients. According to the article, How
Unconscious Bias Affects Everything You Do it implies that trying to eliminate your hidden bias will not be possible due them being so natural (Ross,
2014). However, we can change our mindset to avoid being bias. One way these biases can impact with my future clients is by not educating myself
and learning the skills and acquiring the knowledge needed to work with different clients that have different cultures. That is why it is crucial to be
cultural competent because by doing so you will have an idea of what is acceptable and what could potentially be perceived as you being bias towards
others. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While working in a non–profit community clinic it provided me with an insight of the reasons why people come here for services. One reason is
people did not have medical insurance and therefore, were not able to afford medical services within the private sector. These clients were
considered to be way under the poverty line and would often pay twenty dollars for their visits or nothing at all. However, it really bothered me
when my coworkers made comments about the clients not being able to pay for their services. Comments such as "they should get a job so they
can pay for services just like everyone else" really boiled my blood. I would react by telling them what I thought about them and how dared they
think they were above others, it is because of these individuals we even have a job and if they did not like their job they should really give up their
position to someone who really wants to be here. As a result, of this I had many visits with my supervisor who agreed with me they were not practicing
the organizations

Bias In The Media Bias
There are many different hidden truths in the media that people do not know about due to the fact that the media emphasizes on just one particular
point of view. Throughout the years, people have been biased in the media and the reason as to why this happens is that people choose to lean on
one side such as republican, democrat, libertarian, or conservative. To be biased means to only be on one side of an argument or situation and only
favor more of what one person has to say. There are a variety of different news channels in which they all tend to lean more on one side, there is not a
single news channel that is on the same side as another. There are many current events that have multiple contentious between other news channels.
The viewers... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Whether it is news channels on the television or whether it is Twitter and Facebook news, the public will always have a way to find out current
reports. Since society has become so dependent on technology, a greater amount of individuals get their actual news online and especially through
social media. As many of the public know, you cannot trust what people online are saying. Since individuals are so accustomed to getting the news
online, many of them tend to believe what they just happen to scroll across on Twitter and Facebook or any other sort of social media. Finding
actual facts and truths on the news have become so difficult now, due to all of the millions of different sites and places where we can get our news
from. The news online tend to be biased and untrue due to how openly and freely individuals can create their own site and "reports" on current events
such as a real news channels would. Social media has just made it more complicated to find the actual accuracy of current events but with enough
research, dedication, and using the SMELL test, finding the right information would not be as

Media Bias Essay
Media Bias Influencing Political Decisions Media bias, the bias of journalist or news reporters with mass media around the world. Media bias plays a
huge part in today's society with everything we see in the media but media is especially bias when it comes to politics. Politics are the activities of
government concerning the political relations between countries. Media bias can be anything from uneven information on certain events, not telling the
full truth; which is telling a whole lie, only telling half of the true story, or only getting information from somebody or something that is bias. In
today's society media bias is a huge problem because people tend to be bias without even knowing it. News reporters or journalist may be writing or
reporting something and not even realize that they are being bias about the information they are giving. Although some people believe media bias is
just a perception and it is not actually happening in media, many people know that media bias is a problem and is shaping many people's opinions.
According to Richard Goldkamp, "Bias can undermine the effort to provide accurate news coverage" (3). This means that people are not getting the
full truth when looking at a news story or a journal because it is biased. When something is bias, it can make a person believe something that they
shouldn't because the whole truth was not given or the truth was twisted. In order to fix this problem of media bias in politics, reporters and journalists
need

Bias Based On Neurological Pathways
Bias is commonly known as being stubborn when it comes to one's views; however, bias can announce itself in smaller, more innate ways. In this
film, one's implicit bias is an important factor in how the film and its characters will be interpreted by the viewer. Bias is based on neurological
pathways that have been formed around one's opinion. Any new information or evidence that supports one's idea, whether it's correct or incorrect,
strengthens this bond, or pathway. The brain does everything it can to protect itself from being wrong. A brain can base a conclusion on zero evidence,
it can twist information to fit its own bias, and it can stereotype an entire group of people off of an interaction with one person. These are pitfalls in
critical thinking, which can make it difficult to break one's bias. In order to think differently or break away from pitfalls in critical thinking, one must
literally deconstruct and reconstruct neurological pathways, physically changing one's brain. The first pitfall I experienced while watching "The
Reluctant Fundamentalist" was making a hasty conclusion about a group of people based on my experience with a few. I assumed that in the
beginning of the film, when the white man and Pakistani woman were walking together, that the white man was going to assault the woman for her
background. I had zero evidence to support that the white man would assault the Pakistani woman; however, I wanted to believe because of my own
past experiences that he

Ethical Responsibility Of Media Bias
"CNN is nothing but a bunch of liberals!" "Every point you make is invalid because you get your information from Fox News!" Well, what news
sources are the public supposed to be trusting, anyway? Do objective media outlets even exist anymore? Media bias has done incomprehensible
damage to the thoughts, opinions, and beliefs of the citizens of this nation. Newspapers, magazines, news channels, and reporters themselves have an
ethical responsibility to inform the public of the entire truth, not to spread their own agenda across the nation. Because the public relies so heavily on
the media for information, it is immoral for news outlets to be even the slightest bit subjective to one side. The media affects everyone's way of
thinking. If journalists are crooked in any way, their works will, without a shadow of a doubt, have detrimental effects on citizens' political beliefs and
their perceptions of the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Though the misinterpretation and ignorance of honest news through perceptual bias is formed by individuals, it's a shame that the remaining
three–fourths of bias is deliberately carried out by reporters and journalists themselves. The main issue at hand is that journalists today feel that their
own opinions are correct and superior to others; therefore, they are sure to only circulate information that will get citizens to see things their way, as
opposed to giving an honest, impartial version of the truth. When asked if today's media influences the opinions of citizens for better or for worse,
Shane McNabb, a fellow news consumer, explains that "media outlets influence people when they have obvious biases. They tell you only what they
want you to hear, and often out of context. This is often the case for both liberal and conservative outlets, and people end up either not knowing what
to believe or taking on the opinion of the biased outlet"

Mike Rugg's Research Bias
Research bias has been the cause for many research projects to have misleading or correct information. Research bias occurs when the author
researches only for articles or writing material that corresponds to his own ideas. This causes the author to ignore potential writing materials that may
have had an important role in his research. It also causes him to expect results that match with his mindset and not see other viewpoints. All researchers
should avoid research bias by using different methods and ideas to receive a better result. As you are doing research, it is better to be unbiased
because of the accurate results it will give you. In the Bigfoot video, Mike Rugg is a biased researcher because of how he only searches for evidence
that proves his perspective and decision over Bigfoot. For example, in the video he explains how the tooth and other evidence ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
However, it does not completely prove Bigfoot is real because the evidence is not official and proven. Mike Rugg's research bias began to occur
when he first saw bigfoot as a young child and later when he created the Bigfoot museum at the end of his career. If Mike Rugg was not a bigfoot
supporter and did not have experience, he would be considered an unbiased researcher. Furthermore, it would have caused him to be able to accept
evidence that proved Bigfoot was not real and have more official evidence to support his research. To avoid research bias, it is better to not put any
of your own ideas, perspectives, culture, and thoughts into your research. The use of any of these emotions will cause your research to be biased
like Mike Rugg's research in Bigfoot. If you were to already have any type of knowledge about the subject and have a favored opinion, as a researcher
you would have to

Example Of Confirmation Bias
Confirmation Bias The confirmation bias is about us giving priority or being biased towards information that affirms preceding and existing beliefs
or experiences. Suppose that a person believes that people who are left handed are more creative compared to right handed people. On any occasion
the person with this belief meets a person that is creative and also left handed they regard this evidence quite important as it confirms their existing
belief. They also might find proof further to back up the belief and will disregard other examples which do not support the fundamental belief. While
confirmation biases have an influence on people collecting information they also have an impact how information is being interpreted and... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Necessarily, we have the tendency to believe that are successfulness are mainly because of our inner characteristics and abilities. Although the failures
experienced are a cause of the variables which cannot be manipulated. In terms of how the Self–Serving Bias operates in our day to day life, if you get
an A+ in an exam this bias will steer a belief within you which is that you prepared well for the exam. At the same time by any chance if you failed
the exam again it will make you believe that the teacher did not do justice to this subject by teaching properly, the heat in the classroom was terrible
or you were disturbed by someone the night prior to the exam. This bias occurs mainly for people to keep their self–esteem in place. By the attribution
of positive situations to personal traits, the confidence in one is boosted. Also by casting the blame to the external sources people secure their
self–esteem as well as deliver themselves from the individual control they may have over a situation. There are also many factors that influence the
Self–Serving Bias such as age, gender, culture, one's mental state and

Ideological Bias
Many researchers have attempted to determine whether the media in the United States has an ideological bias; however, the topic is still up for debate
and is likely to stay that way because the answer lies under a huge never–ending pile of data that takes a lot longer than a week to collect. Learning
about the ideological bias that is or is not present in American media is important in understanding the impact that the news has on people and policy
change. In the report evidence has been collected during a week–long content analysis of two prominent national news outlets that does little to support
the idea that media has an ideological bias, rather it provides information that may prove the opposite, that the media's ideological bias is exaggerated
and possibly non–existent. The small data set demonstrates significance; however, further research is necessary.
Throughout the course of Mass Media and Politics we have learned about how the news is made, who makes the news, why certain things are news,
and how the news impacts the public. One underlying question that remains is about the bias that the news presents or if there is a bias at all. The
debate about the bias in national news is a pressing one that many may not be aware of; however, its importance is crucial to our ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The Los Angeles Times tends to cover issues that are more social while the Washington Post is known for more thorough coverage of political topics,
at least that was my initial expectation. On opposite sides of the country, these news outlets may have different geography and choices in coverage,
but despite the distance between them their reader demographics look similar, at least in terms of age and gender. There is an obvious discrepancy
with household income and based on location of publication there is likely a difference in readers'

Language Bias
1. When writing a research report, there are five main issues of "language bias". They include but, are not limited to, gender, age, sexuality, ethnicity,
and disabilities. Gender is language bias, as it is a cultural term referring to social roles, which may be perceived as offensive. For example, referring
to a female firefighter as a fireman implies that the female is actually a male firefighter. To avoid this, writers should ensure that they are using terms to
avoid sexist bias. Next, age is language bias as a writer might think that someone is elderly because they are 50 but in reality, it is not accurate to
call someone elderly until they are 65 or older. Those that are 50 could find this offensive. Thus to avoid this, a writer should always include an age
range or refer to the APA manual when placing people into age categories.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When talking about sexuality, writers should use words like sexual orientation, as it is not implying the person chose a certain sexuality. For
example, an author should not write about how being a gay man is a sexual preference, as it seems like it was his choice. More so, ethnicity is also
language bias. It is best to refer to the geographic locations one is from, as ethnic labels can be offensive or harmful. Writers can avoid using slang
language by aiming to identify persons by nation of origin. Lastly, language objectifying a person's condition or disability is language bias. Language
including negative labels, or slurs should not be used, as they are harmful and offensive. If one needs to write about a condition, it is advised they
place focus on the individual and not the disability. For example, if they are writing about dyslexia, they could state, "persons with dyslexia find it
frustrating to do group work" (APA,

Political Bias
Everywhere we look and listen there is bias. News stations and news reporters claim that they are unbiased by are they really? Brooke Gladstone's,
The Influencing Machine deciphers the different types of biases. News stations such as CNN report on politics and news related to politics. The New
York Times reports on "breaking"news stories such as 9/11 or Boston Bombings. The Today reports on breaking news stories and stories for the family.
Bias comes in all forms and shapes from the newspaper we read in the morning to the news we watch at night. There will always be political bias,
whether it is election season or the middle of the politicians' term. It is prior knowledge of many that CNN favors the Liberals on the political
spectrum. The editors of CNN are very politically biased and often times showcase the "positive" side of the Liberals and the "negative" side of the
Conservatives. In the article, "Liberals Win Big" the writer, Zelizer, writes about a major victory for the Liberals. The Supreme Court on June 26,
2015 sided with the Liberal advocates and ruled that states cannot ban same sex marriage. This ruling of The Supreme Court was a huge
accomplishment for the Liberals, but a major loss to the Conservatives. This article showcases the positive side of ... Show more content on
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We can watch, listen to it, and read it. Nothing is unbiased. No news station or newspaper is unbiased. Everything has bias whether it is subtle or
not so subtle. I have bias for almost everything. I have bias for stores, perfume, clothes, shoes, food, and even laundry detergent. I make decisions
based on bias. I choose to watch CNN because it has a Liberal bias. I read The New York Times because I share the same opinions as the editors. I
watch The Today Show because I value the opinions of the cast. Without knowing it, bias is a huge component in how we live our lives. Bias plays a
part in what we watch, listen and even eat. The world is made of bias whether it is good or

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