Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This document discusses biomechanics as it relates to implantology. It defines key biomechanical concepts such as force, stress, strain and their relationships. Forces on dental implants can come from biting or parafunctional habits and are made up of compressive, tensile and shear components. The magnitude of stress on implants is determined by the applied force and the cross-sectional area over which it is distributed. Maintaining low stress levels is important for long-term implant success and minimizing risk of failure. Biting forces on natural teeth can range from 100-2400 Newtons and impact loads present additional risk. Biomechanical principles guide optimal implant design and placement to ensure forces are properly dissipated.
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses various factors that can contribute to dental implant failures, including host factors like poor medical health, smoking, bruxism, and poor oral hygiene; surgical factors like trauma during surgery; and implant selection factors like bone quality. It provides definitions for different types of implant failures and lists criteria for determining implant success. The classifications, predictors, warning signs, and ways to enhance outcomes with implants are also examined.
Biomechanics of dental implants/dental implant courses by Indian dental academyIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Dental implant biomechanics, treatment planing, and prosthetic considerationsPalm Immsombatti
This document discusses biomechanical considerations for dental implants including load-bearing capacity, implant failure mechanisms, and treatment planning strategies. Key points include: osseointegrated implants can withstand anticipated loads if placed properly; excessive or nonaxial loads can lead to bone loss and failure; treatment planning aims to distribute loads across multiple implants placed in optimal positions and angles to avoid overload; and implant-retained overdentures are generally preferable to fixed prostheses for edentulous patients.
This document discusses occlusal schemes for implants, known as implant protective occlusion (IPO). IPO aims to reduce stress at the implant-bone interface through 14 considerations including eliminating premature contacts, positioning occlusal contacts over implant bodies, reducing cantilever lengths, and decreasing crown heights. The goals of IPO are to reduce force magnification, improve force direction, and increase the implant support area to promote implant longevity and success.
Occulasl consideration for implant supported prostehsi/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Implant abutment and implant abutment connectionsDR.BHAVESH JHA
this ppt enlightened with different types of implant abutment connection. Detailed classification of abutments. Different types of abutments. Latest trends of abutments. Smart abutments. Platform switching, rationale of platform switching and related articles.
This document discusses biomechanics as it relates to implantology. It defines key biomechanical concepts such as force, stress, strain and their relationships. Forces on dental implants can come from biting or parafunctional habits and are made up of compressive, tensile and shear components. The magnitude of stress on implants is determined by the applied force and the cross-sectional area over which it is distributed. Maintaining low stress levels is important for long-term implant success and minimizing risk of failure. Biting forces on natural teeth can range from 100-2400 Newtons and impact loads present additional risk. Biomechanical principles guide optimal implant design and placement to ensure forces are properly dissipated.
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses various factors that can contribute to dental implant failures, including host factors like poor medical health, smoking, bruxism, and poor oral hygiene; surgical factors like trauma during surgery; and implant selection factors like bone quality. It provides definitions for different types of implant failures and lists criteria for determining implant success. The classifications, predictors, warning signs, and ways to enhance outcomes with implants are also examined.
Biomechanics of dental implants/dental implant courses by Indian dental academyIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Dental implant biomechanics, treatment planing, and prosthetic considerationsPalm Immsombatti
This document discusses biomechanical considerations for dental implants including load-bearing capacity, implant failure mechanisms, and treatment planning strategies. Key points include: osseointegrated implants can withstand anticipated loads if placed properly; excessive or nonaxial loads can lead to bone loss and failure; treatment planning aims to distribute loads across multiple implants placed in optimal positions and angles to avoid overload; and implant-retained overdentures are generally preferable to fixed prostheses for edentulous patients.
This document discusses occlusal schemes for implants, known as implant protective occlusion (IPO). IPO aims to reduce stress at the implant-bone interface through 14 considerations including eliminating premature contacts, positioning occlusal contacts over implant bodies, reducing cantilever lengths, and decreasing crown heights. The goals of IPO are to reduce force magnification, improve force direction, and increase the implant support area to promote implant longevity and success.
Occulasl consideration for implant supported prostehsi/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Implant abutment and implant abutment connectionsDR.BHAVESH JHA
this ppt enlightened with different types of implant abutment connection. Detailed classification of abutments. Different types of abutments. Latest trends of abutments. Smart abutments. Platform switching, rationale of platform switching and related articles.
Scientific rationale and biomechanics in implantsMurtaza Kaderi
This document discusses the scientific rationale and biomechanics related to dental implants. It defines biomechanics as the relationship between biological behavior of oral structures and the physical influences of dental restorations. The document outlines different types of biomechanics and discusses various biomechanical concepts including forces, stresses, strains and how these impact dental implants and surrounding bone tissue. It also examines factors that influence loading on implants like force magnitude, direction, duration and position in the dental arch.
This document discusses the biomechanics of dental implants. It explains that osseointegration is the direct bonding of bone to implant surfaces. Studying biomechanics is important because implants must withstand stresses from chewing forces. Implant failures can occur early during healing or later under loading. Failures result from overloading, infection or inadequate bone. Biomechanics applies engineering principles to dental problems. Forces during chewing create both vertical and horizontal stresses on implants. Key biomechanical factors for implants are inclination, preload, material properties, design, and surrounding bone quality and quantity.
This document discusses factors that affect dental implant design, including the magnitude, duration, and type of forces applied to implants. It describes design elements like thread geometry, pitch, depth, and taper that influence stability, load distribution, and surgical placement. Overall, the optimal implant design considers surgical technique, limiting bacterial plaque, preserving bone levels, and withstanding functional forces through features like screw threads that engage bone under compression rather than shear.
The document discusses various designs of dental implants. It describes the history of dental implants from ancient times to modern osseointegrated implants developed by Brånemark in the 1950s. It then classifies implant designs based on type of placement (e.g. endosteal, subperiosteal), macroscopic body design (e.g. cylindrical, threaded), and components (e.g. crest module, body, apex). Key design considerations discussed include thread pitch, shape and depth, implant diameter and length, and one-piece versus two-piece designs.
The document discusses occlusal considerations for implant-supported prostheses. It introduces various occlusal terminology and explores the significance of occlusion on osseointegrated implants. The document outlines the goals of implant protective occlusion (IPO), which aims to distribute occlusal forces appropriately to minimize stress on implants and surrounding bone. IPO principles include using thin articulating paper for initial adjustment, equalizing contacts under heavy bite forces, avoiding non-axial and offset loads, and designing the occlusion around the weakest component. The document also discusses factors like implant angulation, crown height, bone quality and the materials used for occlusal surfaces.
There are several protocols for loading dental implants after surgery based on bone density and healing time requirements. Protocols include Brånemark's loading protocol, progressive loading, and immediate/early loading. The density of the bone where the implant is placed determines the appropriate loading protocol, as less dense bone requires more healing time before loading to allow for sufficient bone mineralization and strength. Progressive loading gradually increases stress on the implant over time to allow the bone to adapt, reducing risks of failure. It is particularly important for lower density bone which is weaker.
Biomechanics of dental implants/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Prosthetic options in implant dentistryNAMITHA ANAND
This document discusses various prosthetic options in implant dentistry. It begins by introducing different treatment options for completely and partially edentulous patients, noting that implant dentistry provides more options compared to traditional dentistry. It then covers Misch's classification system for prosthetic options (FP1-FP3, RP4-RP5), which are determined by the amount of hard and soft tissue replacement needed. The document discusses different prosthesis types for complete and partial edentulism in detail. It also covers considerations for prosthesis design such as crown height space, bone width, implant positioning and restorative materials. In conclusion, the optimal prosthetic option depends on the patient's existing oral condition and treatment goals.
This document discusses several key points regarding dental implants:
1) Bone density and quality greatly impact implant success, with the highest success seen in the anterior mandible and lowest in the posterior maxilla due to poorer bone density.
2) Treatment planning considerations include implant placement based on available bone, with a minimum of 3 implants to replace missing posterior teeth in the maxilla.
3) Linear implant configurations are less stable than curved arrangements and more prone to overload from non-axial forces, particularly in low-density posterior areas.
The document discusses the stress treatment theorem for implant therapy, which focuses on evaluating biomechanical stress and understanding how stress impacts treatment systems and implants over time. It examines various factors that influence stress, such as prosthesis design, patient forces, bone density, implant positioning and number, implant size, and available bone. The document also outlines different implant designs and their advantages for managing stress.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This document discusses immediate loading of dental implants. It defines various types of implant loading protocols, including immediate occlusal loading (within 48 hours), early loading (2 days to 3 months), conventional loading (3-6 months), and delayed loading (longer than conventional). Immediate loading provides advantages like improved aesthetics and function, but risks include failure if primary stability is inadequate. Factors that influence success include adequate bone quality and quantity, implant design/surface, number of implants used, and controlled occlusal forces. Careful patient selection and following guidelines for factors like implant spacing can allow for successful immediate loading.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document summarizes key concepts regarding occlusion for implant-supported fixed dental prostheses. It notes that unlike natural teeth which have periodontal ligaments to absorb forces, implants lack this and forces are concentrated at the crestal bone. As such, implant occlusion schemes aim to reduce bending moments and distribute forces axially. Recommendations include using flat fossa and grooves, narrow occlusal tables, reduced cuspal inclines, stiffer materials, and avoiding excursive contacts to protect the implant and surrounding bone.
This document discusses progressive bone loading for dental implants. It begins with an introduction and table of contents. Then it discusses concepts like bone density classifications, rationale for progressive loading based on studies showing bone adapts to stress over time. It outlines elements of progressive loading protocols including extended healing times based on bone density, use of provisional restorations to gradually load bone, and diet restrictions. Studies supporting progressive loading show less crestal bone loss and increased bone density around loaded implants. The conclusion is that progressive loading aims to strengthen bone and reduce risk of implant failure.
This document discusses the biomechanics of removable partial dentures. It begins by defining biomechanics in prosthodontics as the application of mechanical principles to biological tissues to design a stable prosthesis. It then discusses various types of stresses acting on partial dentures, including vertical, horizontal, and torsional stresses. Key biomechanical considerations for partial denture design are the length of the edentulous span, quality of ridge support, clasp design, and occlusal harmony. The document also covers biomechanical principles such as the snowshoe principle, L-beam effect, and concepts of levers, inclined planes, and rotation. The goal is to understand how to distribute forces across tissues to maximize prosthesis stability
This document discusses the evolution of dental implant loading protocols from the original Branemark protocol of a stress-free healing period of 3-6 months before loading to immediate and early loading protocols. It provides details on different loading protocols including Brånemark's protocol, progressive loading, non-submerged single stage protocol, immediate functional loading, immediate non-functional loading, early loading, delayed loading, and anticipated loading, focusing on factors like time interval, diet, occlusal material, occlusal contacts, and prosthesis design. The key factors identified for successful loading are minimizing micromotion at the bone-implant interface and ensuring adequate stability and occlusion.
The document discusses one-stage and two-stage implant placement procedures. In a two-stage procedure, implants are placed and submerged under soft tissue and allowed to heal for 2-6 months before being exposed in a second surgery. In a one-stage procedure, the implant or abutment emerges through soft tissue at initial placement. The document outlines the steps for implant site preparation, placement, flap closure, post-operative care, and second-stage exposure surgery in a two-stage approach.
This document discusses implant biomechanics and osseointegration. It notes that osseointegration occurs when an implant bonds to living bone, providing long term stability. Biomechanics involves the interaction between forces and tissues in the body. Key factors for implants include force magnitude and direction, as well as moment arms related to implant location and design. Proper implant selection, placement, and occlusion are important to minimize these forces and moments to prevent implant failure.
Implants bio mechanics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Scientific rationale and biomechanics in implantsMurtaza Kaderi
This document discusses the scientific rationale and biomechanics related to dental implants. It defines biomechanics as the relationship between biological behavior of oral structures and the physical influences of dental restorations. The document outlines different types of biomechanics and discusses various biomechanical concepts including forces, stresses, strains and how these impact dental implants and surrounding bone tissue. It also examines factors that influence loading on implants like force magnitude, direction, duration and position in the dental arch.
This document discusses the biomechanics of dental implants. It explains that osseointegration is the direct bonding of bone to implant surfaces. Studying biomechanics is important because implants must withstand stresses from chewing forces. Implant failures can occur early during healing or later under loading. Failures result from overloading, infection or inadequate bone. Biomechanics applies engineering principles to dental problems. Forces during chewing create both vertical and horizontal stresses on implants. Key biomechanical factors for implants are inclination, preload, material properties, design, and surrounding bone quality and quantity.
This document discusses factors that affect dental implant design, including the magnitude, duration, and type of forces applied to implants. It describes design elements like thread geometry, pitch, depth, and taper that influence stability, load distribution, and surgical placement. Overall, the optimal implant design considers surgical technique, limiting bacterial plaque, preserving bone levels, and withstanding functional forces through features like screw threads that engage bone under compression rather than shear.
The document discusses various designs of dental implants. It describes the history of dental implants from ancient times to modern osseointegrated implants developed by Brånemark in the 1950s. It then classifies implant designs based on type of placement (e.g. endosteal, subperiosteal), macroscopic body design (e.g. cylindrical, threaded), and components (e.g. crest module, body, apex). Key design considerations discussed include thread pitch, shape and depth, implant diameter and length, and one-piece versus two-piece designs.
The document discusses occlusal considerations for implant-supported prostheses. It introduces various occlusal terminology and explores the significance of occlusion on osseointegrated implants. The document outlines the goals of implant protective occlusion (IPO), which aims to distribute occlusal forces appropriately to minimize stress on implants and surrounding bone. IPO principles include using thin articulating paper for initial adjustment, equalizing contacts under heavy bite forces, avoiding non-axial and offset loads, and designing the occlusion around the weakest component. The document also discusses factors like implant angulation, crown height, bone quality and the materials used for occlusal surfaces.
There are several protocols for loading dental implants after surgery based on bone density and healing time requirements. Protocols include Brånemark's loading protocol, progressive loading, and immediate/early loading. The density of the bone where the implant is placed determines the appropriate loading protocol, as less dense bone requires more healing time before loading to allow for sufficient bone mineralization and strength. Progressive loading gradually increases stress on the implant over time to allow the bone to adapt, reducing risks of failure. It is particularly important for lower density bone which is weaker.
Biomechanics of dental implants/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Prosthetic options in implant dentistryNAMITHA ANAND
This document discusses various prosthetic options in implant dentistry. It begins by introducing different treatment options for completely and partially edentulous patients, noting that implant dentistry provides more options compared to traditional dentistry. It then covers Misch's classification system for prosthetic options (FP1-FP3, RP4-RP5), which are determined by the amount of hard and soft tissue replacement needed. The document discusses different prosthesis types for complete and partial edentulism in detail. It also covers considerations for prosthesis design such as crown height space, bone width, implant positioning and restorative materials. In conclusion, the optimal prosthetic option depends on the patient's existing oral condition and treatment goals.
This document discusses several key points regarding dental implants:
1) Bone density and quality greatly impact implant success, with the highest success seen in the anterior mandible and lowest in the posterior maxilla due to poorer bone density.
2) Treatment planning considerations include implant placement based on available bone, with a minimum of 3 implants to replace missing posterior teeth in the maxilla.
3) Linear implant configurations are less stable than curved arrangements and more prone to overload from non-axial forces, particularly in low-density posterior areas.
The document discusses the stress treatment theorem for implant therapy, which focuses on evaluating biomechanical stress and understanding how stress impacts treatment systems and implants over time. It examines various factors that influence stress, such as prosthesis design, patient forces, bone density, implant positioning and number, implant size, and available bone. The document also outlines different implant designs and their advantages for managing stress.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This document discusses immediate loading of dental implants. It defines various types of implant loading protocols, including immediate occlusal loading (within 48 hours), early loading (2 days to 3 months), conventional loading (3-6 months), and delayed loading (longer than conventional). Immediate loading provides advantages like improved aesthetics and function, but risks include failure if primary stability is inadequate. Factors that influence success include adequate bone quality and quantity, implant design/surface, number of implants used, and controlled occlusal forces. Careful patient selection and following guidelines for factors like implant spacing can allow for successful immediate loading.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document summarizes key concepts regarding occlusion for implant-supported fixed dental prostheses. It notes that unlike natural teeth which have periodontal ligaments to absorb forces, implants lack this and forces are concentrated at the crestal bone. As such, implant occlusion schemes aim to reduce bending moments and distribute forces axially. Recommendations include using flat fossa and grooves, narrow occlusal tables, reduced cuspal inclines, stiffer materials, and avoiding excursive contacts to protect the implant and surrounding bone.
This document discusses progressive bone loading for dental implants. It begins with an introduction and table of contents. Then it discusses concepts like bone density classifications, rationale for progressive loading based on studies showing bone adapts to stress over time. It outlines elements of progressive loading protocols including extended healing times based on bone density, use of provisional restorations to gradually load bone, and diet restrictions. Studies supporting progressive loading show less crestal bone loss and increased bone density around loaded implants. The conclusion is that progressive loading aims to strengthen bone and reduce risk of implant failure.
This document discusses the biomechanics of removable partial dentures. It begins by defining biomechanics in prosthodontics as the application of mechanical principles to biological tissues to design a stable prosthesis. It then discusses various types of stresses acting on partial dentures, including vertical, horizontal, and torsional stresses. Key biomechanical considerations for partial denture design are the length of the edentulous span, quality of ridge support, clasp design, and occlusal harmony. The document also covers biomechanical principles such as the snowshoe principle, L-beam effect, and concepts of levers, inclined planes, and rotation. The goal is to understand how to distribute forces across tissues to maximize prosthesis stability
This document discusses the evolution of dental implant loading protocols from the original Branemark protocol of a stress-free healing period of 3-6 months before loading to immediate and early loading protocols. It provides details on different loading protocols including Brånemark's protocol, progressive loading, non-submerged single stage protocol, immediate functional loading, immediate non-functional loading, early loading, delayed loading, and anticipated loading, focusing on factors like time interval, diet, occlusal material, occlusal contacts, and prosthesis design. The key factors identified for successful loading are minimizing micromotion at the bone-implant interface and ensuring adequate stability and occlusion.
The document discusses one-stage and two-stage implant placement procedures. In a two-stage procedure, implants are placed and submerged under soft tissue and allowed to heal for 2-6 months before being exposed in a second surgery. In a one-stage procedure, the implant or abutment emerges through soft tissue at initial placement. The document outlines the steps for implant site preparation, placement, flap closure, post-operative care, and second-stage exposure surgery in a two-stage approach.
This document discusses implant biomechanics and osseointegration. It notes that osseointegration occurs when an implant bonds to living bone, providing long term stability. Biomechanics involves the interaction between forces and tissues in the body. Key factors for implants include force magnitude and direction, as well as moment arms related to implant location and design. Proper implant selection, placement, and occlusion are important to minimize these forces and moments to prevent implant failure.
Implants bio mechanics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Dental implants are artificial roots, usually made of titanium, that are surgically placed into the jawbone to support replacement teeth. Implants can replace one or more missing teeth and provide support for dentures or bridges. The implant surgery involves drilling into the jawbone, placing the implant, and allowing time for osseointegration where the implant fuses with surrounding bone.
Biomechanics implants/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses prosthetic options for implant dentistry. It outlines 5 prosthetic options (FP-1 to FP-3 and RP-4 to RP-5) and describes the amount of support and number of implants required for each. The key steps are to first plan the desired prosthesis, then determine the ideal abutment positions and amount of support needed before placing implants and designing the final restoration. Removable prostheses offer advantages like fewer implants and reduced costs but have higher risks of bone resorption over time.
Dental implants can replace missing teeth by surgically placing artificial titanium fixtures into the jawbone. There are typically two surgical phases - the initial implant placement and a later surgery to uncover the implant after healing. The implant then receives an abutment and final prosthetic restoration. While dental implants can provide many benefits over other tooth replacement options, there are also potential complications at various stages that a dentist must take steps to prevent and manage. Proper patient evaluation, surgical planning and technique, as well as post-operative care are important to achieve successful long-term outcomes.
This document discusses various implant components including implant fixtures, abutments, healing abutments, impression copings, and implant analogs. It notes implant fixtures can have tapered or parallel designs and be one or two pieces. Connection designs can be external or internal. The document also lists various super structure components like cover screws.
This document discusses biomechanics considerations for implant treatment planning and prosthesis design. It emphasizes controlling occlusal factors like cusp angles and occlusal table width to reduce cantilever effects and implant overload. Custom abutments are highlighted as a way to control these factors. The importance of proper implant positioning and attachment of implants to natural teeth with rigid rather than semi-precision attachments is also stressed.
The document discusses dental implants as a treatment option for replacing missing teeth. It provides a brief history of implants and describes current implant designs and materials used. Key advantages of implants over other options like removable dentures or fixed bridges are maintaining bone, improved function, esthetics and hygiene. Factors affecting successful osseointegration and classification of implants are summarized.
The document discusses dental implants, including their classification, geometry, surfaces, and interfaces with bone and soft tissue. It covers implant design categories like endosseous, subperiosteal, and transmandibular implants. The stages of bone healing and osseointegration are described, from initial woven bone formation to remodeling of bone structure and quality over time to adapt to loads. A healthy peri-implant soft tissue interface features firm, keratinized mucosa and microscopic junctional epithelium similar to that around natural teeth.
Dental implants can be used to support crowns, bridges, or dentures for patients who are missing one or more teeth. There are several types of implants based on placement location and material. Implant surgery involves placing the implant fixture into the jawbone, with some procedures allowing the implant to heal below gum tissue or protruding above gum tissue. Regular dental visits are needed after implant placement to monitor bone and soft tissue health around the implants.
types and classification of dental implantsDesa Ghanavi
This document discusses types and classifications of dental implants. It describes 5 main classifications: 1) based on implant design, which includes blade, root form, subperiosteal, transosteal, and intramucosal implants; 2) based on attachment mechanism, which includes fibrointegration and osseointegration; 3) based on body design, including cylindrical, threaded, plateau, perforated, solid, and hollow implants; 4) based on surface, such as smooth, machined, textured, and coated surfaces; and 5) based on material, including metallic, ceramic, polymeric, and carbon implants. Key advantages of implants include maintaining bone height/width and improved stability, retention, and esthetics
This document describes modeling the relationship between porosity and elastic modulus of bone. Equations 1-3 model elastic modulus as a function of porosity using Matlab and Excel. Plots show the relationship between elastic modulus and porosity, and specific surface area and porosity. The original model determines optimal porosity for maximum elastic modulus. The new model provides a more accurate way to analyze bone fractures and predict recovery by demonstrating how specific surface area affects elastic modulus. Results unexpectedly showed elastic modulus increasing with surface area above 2.6m-1 for porosity over 0.4.
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
- Untreated fractures in animals heal on their own through immobilization and gradual return to function, showing nature can heal fractures without medical intervention.
- The earliest known case of a metal implant in the human body dates back to an Egyptian mummy from around 2600 years ago.
- Fractures heal through the biological process of hematoma resolution, callus formation, calcification, consolidation, and remodeling. Rigid immobilization or plating can disrupt this process by damaging blood supply and delaying healing compared to conservative treatment.
prosthodontic management of acquired defects of mandible /certified fixed ort...Indian dental academy
This document discusses the prosthodontic management of acquired mandibular defects. It covers the classification of mandibular defects, diagnostic considerations for rehabilitation, and management approaches for partially edentulous patients and completely edentulous patients. For partially edentulous patients, principles of designing removable partial dentures are discussed for different defect types. For completely edentulous patients, the swallowing impression technique is recommended to record the neutral zone. The role of implants in enhancing rehabilitation outcomes is also covered.
RBBs are resin-bonded bridges that are a minimally invasive option for replacing missing teeth. They are suitable for short spans of missing teeth when the patient is unwilling or unsuitable for surgery. Key factors in determining if a tooth can support an RBB include adequate size, minimal restoration, healthy periodontium, and proper angulation. The bridge design depends on factors like coverage, number of abutments, and framework rigidity. With careful case selection and attention to detail, RBBs can successfully replace missing teeth for select patients.
Biological aspects of implants /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses various aspects of competitive swimming strokes and biomechanics. It describes the phases and techniques of the front crawl, backstroke, breaststroke, and butterfly strokes. Key factors that influence swimming speed and efficiency are also examined, such as stroke length, stroke frequency, propulsive forces, and streamlining techniques.
Principles of removable partial dentures / orthodontic seminarsIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The document discusses the principles involved in designing removable partial dentures (RPDs). It states that designing an RPD requires balancing mechanical and biological factors to provide optimal support, function, and esthetics. The "KISS principles" of safety and simplicity should be followed. Forces acting on the denture and the denture's response are reviewed. Design methods like stress distribution, clasp design and position, and splinting teeth can help limit harmful forces. The document provides details on various RPD design considerations and philosophies to control stresses on abutment teeth.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The document discusses dental implant design. It classifies implants as endosseous, subperiosteal, or transosseous, and describes common endosseous implant designs like ramus, pin, disk, platform, and cylindrical/root form concepts. Key considerations for implant design include withstanding forces in terms of magnitude, duration, type, direction and magnification. Surface area and thread geometry are also important to optimize load distribution to the bone. The crest and apical regions require special design attention to reduce stresses.
classification, Type of Fixtures Sterilization and Passivation/endodontic cou...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Implants /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The biomechanics of stresses induced by removable partial denture/ fixed orth...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The biomechanics of stresses induced by removable partial dentureIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Design consideration in reducing stress in rpd/ oral surgery courses Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses occlusal considerations for implant-supported restorations based on a review of literature. It finds that implants lack periodontal ligament and proprioception compared to teeth, making them more susceptible to occlusal overloading. Finite element analysis showed that increasing abutment angulation relative to the implant axis significantly increased stresses in the bone. Studies recommend keeping abutments and implants axially loaded as much as possible to reduce stresses and risk of complications like bone loss. Cantilevers also magnify forces on implants. Careful planning of occlusion, number of implants used, and limiting non-axial forces are important to reduce risks.
This document discusses indirect retention in dental prosthetics. It defines indirect retention as the retention provided by parts of a partial denture other than direct retainers like clasps. Indirect retention functions as a class 2 lever, with the tooth surface as the fulcrum, the retentive clasp as the resistance, and forces on the denture base as the power. The effectiveness of indirect retention depends on factors like the direct retention, the stability of the fulcrum tooth, connector rigidity, and the mechanical advantage of the lever. Strategies to increase indirect retention include shortening the power arm and lengthening the resistance arm. Major connector stabilizers that provide indirect retention are also discussed.
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Implant design and consideration /orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
This document discusses various considerations for dental implant design, including surface area, bone volume/quality, force characteristics, and specific design features. It covers macrogeometry, width, thread geometry, length, crest module, apical design, and surface coatings. Different implant designs are categorized as screw/threaded, conical, basket/vented, or fin/plateau. Key aspects of screw, cylindrical basket, and surface coating designs are described. The goal of design is to optimize load transfer and distribution to the surrounding bone.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This document discusses immediate loading of dental implants. It defines immediate loading as loading an implant with a restoration within 2 weeks of placement. Immediate loading has benefits like eliminating a second surgery and allowing immediate function. However, it risks overloading the implant interface during bone healing. Factors that reduce this risk include increasing the implant surface area, decreasing occlusal forces, and using bone-friendly surfaces like hydroxyapatite. The document describes procedures for immediate loading in fully and partially edentulous patients, including using a provisional restoration made on the day of surgery or at a follow-up appointment. A soft diet is recommended during initial healing from immediate loading.
This document discusses the use of pre-surgical prostheses or treatment prostheses. Treatment prostheses are provisional restorations made before surgery to improve soft tissues, establish proper vertical dimension and occlusion, and evaluate esthetics and implant placement. Templates are also discussed, which are duplicates of provisional restorations that help reduce errors and allow precise planning and placement of implants. The document provides details on creating diagnostic templates using radiopaque materials like barium sulfate to visualize the planned restoration during imaging.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Similar to Implant biomechanics / crown and bridge dentistry (20)
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
5.Demo on Patients
6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
idalectures@gmail.com
indiandentalacademy@gmail.com
Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
This document discusses dental occlusion concepts and philosophies for complete dentures. It introduces key terms like physiologic occlusion and defines different occlusion schemes like balanced articulation and monoplane articulation. The document discusses advantages and disadvantages of using anatomic versus non-anatomic teeth for complete dentures. It also outlines requirements for maintaining denture stability, such as balanced occlusal contacts and control of horizontal forces. The goal of occlusion for complete dentures is to re-establish the homeostasis of the masticatory system disrupted by edentulism.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses dental casting investment materials. It describes the three main types of investments - gypsum bonded, phosphate bonded, and ethyl silicate bonded investments. For gypsum bonded investments specifically, it details their classification, composition including the roles of gypsum, silica, and modifiers, setting time, normal and hygroscopic setting expansion, and thermal expansion. It provides information on how the properties of gypsum bonded investments are affected by their composition. The document serves as a comprehensive overview of dental casting investment materials.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
2. 22
Clinical biomechanics inClinical biomechanics in
implant dentistryimplant dentistry
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
4. 44
1.1. What is biomechanics ?What is biomechanics ?
2.2. Why study biomechanics ?Why study biomechanics ?
3.3. Forces acting on dental implantsForces acting on dental implants
4.4. Moment loads and moment armsMoment loads and moment arms
5.5. Biological response to mechanical loadsBiological response to mechanical loads
6.6. Biomechanical based bone remodeling theories.Biomechanical based bone remodeling theories.
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
6. 66
What is biomechanics ?What is biomechanics ?
Biomedical engineering : It is the application ofBiomedical engineering : It is the application of
engineering principles to living systemsengineering principles to living systems
One aspect of this field is biomechanicsOne aspect of this field is biomechanics
Biomechanics is concerned with the response ofBiomechanics is concerned with the response of
biological tissues to applied loadsbiological tissues to applied loads
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
7. 77
Why study biomechanics ?Why study biomechanics ?
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
8. 88
Issues to be consideredIssues to be considered
Mechanical loading on the implants in vivoMechanical loading on the implants in vivo
Transmission of the loadings to the interfacialTransmission of the loadings to the interfacial
tissuestissues
Biological reaction of interfacial tissues to theseBiological reaction of interfacial tissues to these
loads transmittedloads transmitted
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
9. 99
Loads applied to the dentalLoads applied to the dental
implantsimplants
Dental implants are subjected to occlusal loadsDental implants are subjected to occlusal loads
when placed in functionwhen placed in function
Such loads vary in magnitude , frequency &Such loads vary in magnitude , frequency &
duration depending on patients parafunctionalduration depending on patients parafunctional
habitshabits
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
10. 1010
Forces acting on the dentalForces acting on the dental
implantsimplants
Forces may be described by magnitude,Forces may be described by magnitude,
duration, direction, type and magnificationduration, direction, type and magnification
factorsfactors
Forces acting on dental implants are vectorForces acting on dental implants are vector
quantities and poses both magnitude andquantities and poses both magnitude and
directiondirection
Three dominant loading axes existThree dominant loading axes exist
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
12. 1212
Types of forcesTypes of forces
Forces may be compressive, tensile or shear inForces may be compressive, tensile or shear in
naturenature
Shear forces the most destructiveShear forces the most destructive
Compresses forces are best accommodated andCompresses forces are best accommodated and
should be dominant In implant prostheticshould be dominant In implant prosthetic
occlusionocclusion
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
14. 1414
Stresses acting on implantsStresses acting on implants
Mechanical stress can be defined as the mannerMechanical stress can be defined as the manner
in which the force is distributed over a surfacein which the force is distributed over a surface
Internal stresses that develop in an implant andInternal stresses that develop in an implant and
surrounding tissue have an effect on the long termsurrounding tissue have an effect on the long term
successsuccess
Magnitude of stress depends on force magnitudeMagnitude of stress depends on force magnitude
and cross sectional area of the Implantand cross sectional area of the Implant
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
15. 1515
Force magnitude is not completely controlled by theForce magnitude is not completely controlled by the
operatoroperator
The operator however has control over the functionalThe operator however has control over the functional
surface area over which force is distributedsurface area over which force is distributed
Functional surface areaFunctional surface area can be defined as that surfacedcan be defined as that surfaced
that participates significantly in load bearing and stressthat participates significantly in load bearing and stress
dissipationdissipation
FSA can be optimized by increasing the number ofFSA can be optimized by increasing the number of
implants and selecting well designed Implant geometryimplants and selecting well designed Implant geometry
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
16. 1616
Deformation and strainDeformation and strain
Load application may induce deformation of bothLoad application may induce deformation of both
implant and surrounding tissuesimplant and surrounding tissues
Biological tissue interprets deformation and it’sBiological tissue interprets deformation and it’s
manifestations and responds with remodelingmanifestations and responds with remodeling
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
17. 1717
Stress - strain relationshipStress - strain relationship
The closer the modulus of elasticity of theThe closer the modulus of elasticity of the
implant to the bone, less the likelihood of relativeimplant to the bone, less the likelihood of relative
motion at the tissue to implant interfacemotion at the tissue to implant interface
It is more important to decrease stress in softerIt is more important to decrease stress in softer
bone because of greater elastic difference andbone because of greater elastic difference and
lower ultimate strengthlower ultimate strength
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
18. 1818
Impact loadsImpact loads
When two bodies collide in a very small intervalWhen two bodies collide in a very small interval
of time, relatively large reaction forces developof time, relatively large reaction forces develop
Such collisions are called impactsSuch collisions are called impacts
Example : occlusal loadsExample : occlusal loads
Cause deformation of implants and surroundingCause deformation of implants and surrounding
tissuetissue
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
19. 1919
Impact loads can be decreased byImpact loads can be decreased by
- Using acrylic teeth – ShalakUsing acrylic teeth – Shalak
- Weiss advocated fibrous tissue to implant interfaceWeiss advocated fibrous tissue to implant interface
for shock absorptionfor shock absorption
- Use of intramobile element to lower the stiffnessUse of intramobile element to lower the stiffness
than rest of the implantthan rest of the implant
- Misch advocates and acrylic provisional withMisch advocates and acrylic provisional with
progressive occlusal loading to improve B-I interfaceprogressive occlusal loading to improve B-I interface
before final restorationbefore final restoration
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
20. 2020
Moment loadsMoment loads
Moment of force about a point tends to produceMoment of force about a point tends to produce
rotation or bending about that pointrotation or bending about that point
M = F x perpendicular distance (moment arm)M = F x perpendicular distance (moment arm)
from the point of interestfrom the point of interest
Also called torque or torsional loadAlso called torque or torsional load
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
22. 2222
Clinical moment arms and crestalClinical moment arms and crestal
bone lossbone loss
Six moments may develop about the 3 clinicalSix moments may develop about the 3 clinical
coordinate axes .coordinate axes .
Such loads induce microrotation and stressSuch loads induce microrotation and stress
concentration at the crest of alveolar ridge – implantconcentration at the crest of alveolar ridge – implant
– bone interface and leads to crestal bone loss– bone interface and leads to crestal bone loss
Three clinical moment arms exist in implantThree clinical moment arms exist in implant
dentistry, minimization of each is necessary todentistry, minimization of each is necessary to
prevent failureprevent failure
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
24. 2424
Occlusal height moment armOcclusal height moment arm
Acts as aActs as a
moment armmoment arm
for a forcefor a force
componentscomponents
directed alongdirected along
faciolingual andfaciolingual and
mesiodistalmesiodistal
axisaxis
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
25. 2525
Cantilever length moment armCantilever length moment arm
Large moments from vertical axis forceLarge moments from vertical axis force
component is seen in prosthetic environmentscomponent is seen in prosthetic environments
designed with cantilevered extensions or offsetdesigned with cantilevered extensions or offset
loads from rigid implantsloads from rigid implants
Discal cantilever should not extend 2.5 x the A-PDiscal cantilever should not extend 2.5 x the A-P
distance under ideal conditionsdistance under ideal conditions
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
26. 2626
Occlusal width moment armOcclusal width moment arm
Wide occlusal tables increase moment arm forWide occlusal tables increase moment arm for
any offset occlusal loadsany offset occlusal loads
Faciolingual rotation can be reduced by narrowFaciolingual rotation can be reduced by narrow
occlusal tables and adjusting occlusion toocclusal tables and adjusting occlusion to
provide more centric contactprovide more centric contact
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
27. 2727
Bone response to mechanical loadsBone response to mechanical loads
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
28. 2828
The biological responseThe biological response
Interface is defined as a plane forming theInterface is defined as a plane forming the
common boundary between two parts of mattercommon boundary between two parts of matter
or spaceor space
It may be a discrete boundary or a region ofIt may be a discrete boundary or a region of
interaction between two materials (interface thatinteraction between two materials (interface that
exists between implant and bone)exists between implant and bone)
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
29. 2929
The biomechanical environment plays anThe biomechanical environment plays an
immediate role in the quality and compositionalimmediate role in the quality and compositional
outcome of the new interfaceoutcome of the new interface
Relative movement (micro motion) betweenRelative movement (micro motion) between
implant and bone at the time of placement leadsimplant and bone at the time of placement leads
to the development of fibro osseous interfaceto the development of fibro osseous interface
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
30. 3030
Bone responds to hormonal and biomechanicalBone responds to hormonal and biomechanical
regulation [functional loading]regulation [functional loading]
These two are often in opposition with eachThese two are often in opposition with each
otherother
The objective of good implant design would beThe objective of good implant design would be
to establish and maintain a strain environmentto establish and maintain a strain environment
within the host bone tissue and interface thatwithin the host bone tissue and interface that
favors osseointegration of the implantfavors osseointegration of the implant
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
32. 3232
1887 Meier1887 Meier
1892 Wolff1892 Wolff
1895 Roux1895 Roux
H M Frost proposed theory of mechanostat andH M Frost proposed theory of mechanostat and
`Flexure drift hypothesis``Flexure drift hypothesis`
Cowin proposed potential mechanism by whichCowin proposed potential mechanism by which
bone cells sense mechanical loadbone cells sense mechanical load
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
35. 3535
Strain has been generically defined in relation toStrain has been generically defined in relation to
deformation and applied stressdeformation and applied stress
The mechanical properties of trabecular andThe mechanical properties of trabecular and
cortical bone found within the oral environmentcortical bone found within the oral environment
exhibit a high degree of variation as a function ofexhibit a high degree of variation as a function of
load direction, rate and durationload direction, rate and duration
The mechanical strain exhibited in bone IsThe mechanical strain exhibited in bone Is
ultimately a function of bone densityultimately a function of bone density
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
36. 3636
Dependence on direction of loadingDependence on direction of loading
The degree to which the mechanical propertiesThe degree to which the mechanical properties
of cortical bone are dependent on its structure isof cortical bone are dependent on its structure is
referred to as anisotropyreferred to as anisotropy
A material is said to be orthotropic if it exhibitsA material is said to be orthotropic if it exhibits
different properties in all three directionsdifferent properties in all three directions
Isotropic if its properties are same in all threeIsotropic if its properties are same in all three
directiondirection
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
37. 3737
Transversely isotropic describes the material inTransversely isotropic describes the material in
which two of the three directions exhibited thewhich two of the three directions exhibited the
same mechanical propertiessame mechanical properties
Example cortical bone of human mandibleExample cortical bone of human mandible
Ashman & Van Bushirk suggest that corticalAshman & Van Bushirk suggest that cortical
bone of mandible functions as the long bone thatbone of mandible functions as the long bone that
has been molded into a curved beam geometryhas been molded into a curved beam geometry
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
38. 3838
Dependence on the rate of loadingDependence on the rate of loading
A material is said to be viscoelastic if itsA material is said to be viscoelastic if its
mechanical behavior is dependent on the rate ofmechanical behavior is dependent on the rate of
load applicationload application
Bone fails at a higher load but with lessBone fails at a higher load but with less
allowable elongation (deformation) at higher asallowable elongation (deformation) at higher as
compared with lower strain stresscompared with lower strain stress
Thus bone behaves in a more brittle fashion atThus bone behaves in a more brittle fashion at
higher strain ratehigher strain rate
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
39. 3939
Dependence on duration of loadingDependence on duration of loading
Carter and Caylor have described bone damageCarter and Caylor have described bone damage
or fracture caused by mechanical stress as theor fracture caused by mechanical stress as the
sum of both the damage caused by creep orsum of both the damage caused by creep or
time dependent loading and cyclic of fatiguetime dependent loading and cyclic of fatigue
loading and the relative interaction of these twoloading and the relative interaction of these two
types of damagetypes of damage
CreepCreep
Fatigue strengthFatigue strength
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
40. 4040
Dependence on species anatomic locationDependence on species anatomic location
Dependence on side constraintDependence on side constraint
Dependence on structural densityDependence on structural density
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
41. 4141
Scientific rationale for dentalScientific rationale for dental
implant designimplant design
Implants function to transfer to load theImplants function to transfer to load the
surrounding biological issuesurrounding biological issue
Biomechanical load management Is dependentBiomechanical load management Is dependent
on two factors:on two factors:
- Character of the applied forceCharacter of the applied force
- Functional surface area which the load isFunctional surface area which the load is
dissipateddissipated
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
42. 4242
Design process for implant begins with theDesign process for implant begins with the
identification of clinical problems to beidentification of clinical problems to be
addressedaddressed
Scientific principles related to the force andScientific principles related to the force and
surface area are combined with engineeringsurface area are combined with engineering
solutions to pursue the desire to clinical goalssolutions to pursue the desire to clinical goals
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
43. 4343
Character of forces applied toCharacter of forces applied to
dental implantsdental implants
Forces applied to dental implants may beForces applied to dental implants may be
characterized in terms of five distinctcharacterized in terms of five distinct
although related factors, namely :although related factors, namely :
- MagnitudeMagnitude
- DurationDuration
- TypeType
- DirectionDirection
- MagnificationMagnification
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
45. 4545
Physiologic constraints on designPhysiologic constraints on design::
- Magnitude of byte for some eighties As a function ofMagnitude of byte for some eighties As a function of
anatomical region and state of dentitionanatomical region and state of dentition
- After sustained period of edentulism bone foundationAfter sustained period of edentulism bone foundation
becomes less dense and may not be able to supportbecomes less dense and may not be able to support
normal physiological bite forces on the implantsnormal physiological bite forces on the implants
- Careful treatment planning & appropriate implant designCareful treatment planning & appropriate implant design
selection is imperative to lower magnitude of loads I-Bselection is imperative to lower magnitude of loads I-B
interfaceinterface
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
46. 4646
Influence on biomaterial selection:Influence on biomaterial selection:
- Many biocompatible materials unable to sustainMany biocompatible materials unable to sustain
the magnitude of parafunctional loads imposedthe magnitude of parafunctional loads imposed
- Si , hydroxyapatite , C have tensile strength toSi , hydroxyapatite , C have tensile strength to
low for primary implant material, hence uselow for primary implant material, hence use
escort things on a stronger substrate materialescort things on a stronger substrate material
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
48. 4848
- Ti and Ti alloys have excellent biocompatibilityTi and Ti alloys have excellent biocompatibility
- Titanium has closest approximation to boneTitanium has closest approximation to bone
stiffness than any other metal ( 6x )stiffness than any other metal ( 6x )
- Low modulus of elasticity (stiffness) lead toLow modulus of elasticity (stiffness) lead to
failure of carbon implantsfailure of carbon implants
- Excessive stiffness ( 33x ) led to disuse atrophyExcessive stiffness ( 33x ) led to disuse atrophy
and failure of ceramic implantsand failure of ceramic implants
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
51. 5151
Physiological constraints on design :Physiological constraints on design :
- Bone is strongest in compressive > tensile >Bone is strongest in compressive > tensile >
shearshear
- Endosteal implants load bone - implant interfaceEndosteal implants load bone - implant interface
in pure shear, unless surface features arein pure shear, unless surface features are
incorporated in design to transform shear loadsincorporated in design to transform shear loads
to more resistant force typesto more resistant force types
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
52. 5252
Influence on Implant body design :Influence on Implant body design :
- Smooth cylinder body results essentially in shearSmooth cylinder body results essentially in shear
type of force at the interfacetype of force at the interface
- Threaded implants can transform the type ofThreaded implants can transform the type of
force at bone implant interfaceforce at bone implant interface
- Three types of thread implants are square, VThree types of thread implants are square, V
shaped and buttressshaped and buttress
- V shaped and buttress exert ten times greaterV shaped and buttress exert ten times greater
force than square threadforce than square thread
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
54. 5454
Physiological constraints :Physiological constraints :
- Normal anatomy and bone resorption of theNormal anatomy and bone resorption of the
edentulism poses angulation challengesedentulism poses angulation challenges
- Bonus most resistant to compressive forcesBonus most resistant to compressive forces
falling along the long axisfalling along the long axis
- A 30° offset load reduces the compressiveA 30° offset load reduces the compressive
strand of the borne by 11% and tensile strengthstrand of the borne by 11% and tensile strength
by 25%by 25%
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
55. 5555
Influence on Implant body design :Influence on Implant body design :
- As angulation of load increases stress aroundAs angulation of load increases stress around
the implant Increases particularly in thethe implant Increases particularly in the
vulnerable crestal regionvulnerable crestal region
- As a result all implants are designed forAs a result all implants are designed for
placement perpendicular to the occlusal planeplacement perpendicular to the occlusal plane
- The face of thread or plateau can change theThe face of thread or plateau can change the
direction of load from prosthesis to abutmentdirection of load from prosthesis to abutment
connection, to a different force direction at theconnection, to a different force direction at the
bonebone
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
56. 5656
Force magnificationForce magnification
Extreme angulation and parafunctional habitsExtreme angulation and parafunctional habits
exceed the capability of the dental implantexceed the capability of the dental implant
design to withstand physiological loaddesign to withstand physiological load
Cantilever send crown heights are levers andCantilever send crown heights are levers and
force magnifiersforce magnifiers
Careful treatment planning and multiple implantsCareful treatment planning and multiple implants
had indicated in case of force magnificationhad indicated in case of force magnification
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
58. 5858
Anatomical constraints on surfaceAnatomical constraints on surface
area optimizationarea optimization
Bone vol : external architecture of boneBone vol : external architecture of bone
- Width is greater in the posterior regionWidth is greater in the posterior region
- In general 6 to 8mm bone is available in theIn general 6 to 8mm bone is available in the
anterior region and 4mm implant is usedanterior region and 4mm implant is used
- 7mm width is available in the posterior region7mm width is available in the posterior region
and 5mm implant is usedand 5mm implant is used
- Therefore implant width may increase asTherefore implant width may increase as
amount of force magnification increases fromamount of force magnification increases from
anteriors to post. regionanteriors to post. region
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
59. 5959
- On the contrary born height usually decreasesOn the contrary born height usually decreases
from anterior mandible, compared with thefrom anterior mandible, compared with the
anterior maxilla, the posterior mandible, to theanterior maxilla, the posterior mandible, to the
least in the edentulous posterior maxillaleast in the edentulous posterior maxilla
- Hence as occlusal force increases bone heightHence as occlusal force increases bone height
and vol decreasesand vol decreases
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
60. 6060
Bone quality : internal architecture of boneBone quality : internal architecture of bone
- four distinctly different bone densityfour distinctly different bone density
classifications exist within the max and mandclassifications exist within the max and mand
- Greater failure rate has been documented inGreater failure rate has been documented in
porous bone compared with dense boneporous bone compared with dense bone
- Additional implants or implants with greaterAdditional implants or implants with greater
surface area have to be used in porous bonesurface area have to be used in porous bone
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
61. 6161
Functional surface area forcesFunctional surface area forces vs.vs.
Total surface areaTotal surface area
For a given bone vol, implant surface area mustFor a given bone vol, implant surface area must
be optimized for functional loadsbe optimized for functional loads
FSA: defined as the area that actively serves toFSA: defined as the area that actively serves to
dissipate compressive and tensile non sheardissipate compressive and tensile non shear
loads through the I-B interface and providesloads through the I-B interface and provides
initial stability of the implant following its surgicalinitial stability of the implant following its surgical
placementplacement
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
62. 6262
Functional thread surface area: portion of the thread thatFunctional thread surface area: portion of the thread that
participates in compressive load transmission under theparticipates in compressive load transmission under the
action of a axial or near axial occlusal loadaction of a axial or near axial occlusal load
Total surface area : may Include a passive area thatTotal surface area : may Include a passive area that
does not participate in load transferdoes not participate in load transfer
Example : plasma spray coatings have 600% more TSAExample : plasma spray coatings have 600% more TSA
but less than 30% is actually exposed to the bonebut less than 30% is actually exposed to the bone
Since most stress to the I-B interface Is in the crestal 1/2Since most stress to the I-B interface Is in the crestal 1/2
of the implant, the crestal zone is most important toof the implant, the crestal zone is most important to
distribute stresses appropriatelydistribute stresses appropriately
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
63. 6363
Design variables in SA optimizationDesign variables in SA optimization
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
64. 6464
Implant macrogeometryImplant macrogeometry
Smooth sided cylindric implants provide surgicalSmooth sided cylindric implants provide surgical
ease however B-I interface is subjected toease however B-I interface is subjected to
significantly large shear conditionssignificantly large shear conditions
Smooth sided , tapered implants allows for aSmooth sided , tapered implants allows for a
component of compressive load to be deliveredcomponent of compressive load to be delivered
to bone B-I interface depending on the degree ofto bone B-I interface depending on the degree of
tapertaper
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
65. 6565
Threaded implants with circular cross sectionThreaded implants with circular cross section
provide ease of surgical placement and allow forprovide ease of surgical placement and allow for
>FSA optimization to transfer compressive>FSA optimization to transfer compressive
forces to the B-I interfaceforces to the B-I interface
Also gives initial rigid fixation to limit microAlso gives initial rigid fixation to limit micro
movement during healingmovement during healing
Smooth sided cylinder depends on coating ourSmooth sided cylinder depends on coating our
micro structure for load transmission to bonemicro structure for load transmission to bone
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
66. 6666
Implant widthImplant width
Over the years implants have graduallyOver the years implants have gradually
Increased in widthIncreased in width
Scientific principle being > the width greater theScientific principle being > the width greater the
surface areasurface area
4mm implants have 33% > SA than 3mm4mm implants have 33% > SA than 3mm
implantsimplants
Largest the width better the emergence profile ofLargest the width better the emergence profile of
the crownthe crown
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
67. 6767
Crestal bone anatomy limits implants to <Crestal bone anatomy limits implants to <
5.5mm except in limited situations5.5mm except in limited situations
Thus implant design innovations in crestalThus implant design innovations in crestal
region are required to provide increase in FSAregion are required to provide increase in FSA
in this vulnerable regionin this vulnerable region
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
68. 6868
Thread geometryThread geometry
FSA for unit length of the implant may beFSA for unit length of the implant may be
modified by varying three geometric parametersmodified by varying three geometric parameters
of implantof implant
- Thread pitchThread pitch
- Thread shapeThread shape
- Thread depthThread depth
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
69. 6969
Thread pitch is defined as the distanceThread pitch is defined as the distance
measured parallel with its axis between adjacentmeasured parallel with its axis between adjacent
thread forms ( for V type threads ), for thethread forms ( for V type threads ), for the
number of threads per unit length in the samenumber of threads per unit length in the same
axial plane and on the same side of the axisaxial plane and on the same side of the axis
Smaller / finer pitch : more threads on theSmaller / finer pitch : more threads on the
Implant body for given unit length and thusImplant body for given unit length and thus
greater surface area per unit lengthgreater surface area per unit length
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
71. 7171
Thread shape:Thread shape:
• V shapedV shaped
• SquareSquare
• ButtressButtress
- Dental implant applications dictates the needDental implant applications dictates the need
for a thread shape optimized for a long-termfor a thread shape optimized for a long-term
function ( load transmission ) under occlusalfunction ( load transmission ) under occlusal
intrusive ( opposite of pull out ) load directionsintrusive ( opposite of pull out ) load directions
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
73. 7373
The square thread provides an optimum surfaceThe square thread provides an optimum surface
area for intrusive & compressive loadarea for intrusive & compressive load
transmissiontransmission
Shear loading most detrimental to boneShear loading most detrimental to bone
Shear force on V thread face its ten timesShear force on V thread face its ten times
greater than on square threadgreater than on square thread
Buttress has similar shear component as VButtress has similar shear component as V
under occlusal loadunder occlusal load
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
75. 7575
Thread depth : refers to the distance betweenThread depth : refers to the distance between
the major and minor diameter of the threadthe major and minor diameter of the thread
It may be varied for the length of the implant toIt may be varied for the length of the implant to
increase FSA in the region of highest stress,increase FSA in the region of highest stress,
example : crestal regionexample : crestal region
Reverse taper leads to a dramatic increase inReverse taper leads to a dramatic increase in
functional surface area at the crest of the bonefunctional surface area at the crest of the bone
where stresses are highestwhere stresses are highest
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
77. 7777
Implant lengthImplant length
As length of the implant increases so does theAs length of the implant increases so does the
overall total surface areaoverall total surface area
Once I-B interface is formed excessively longOnce I-B interface is formed excessively long
implants do not receive stress transmission toimplants do not receive stress transmission to
the apical region and are not neededthe apical region and are not needed
D3, D4 bone in the posterior region have lessD3, D4 bone in the posterior region have less
available bone heightavailable bone height
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
78. 7878
Nerve repositioning is cited as an acceptableNerve repositioning is cited as an acceptable
clinical treatment to facilitate longer implants inclinical treatment to facilitate longer implants in
the posterior mandiblethe posterior mandible
Maxillary sinus grafts done for posterior maxillaMaxillary sinus grafts done for posterior maxilla
Longer implants have been suggested toLonger implants have been suggested to
provide greater stability under lateral loadingprovide greater stability under lateral loading
Studies show that majority of stress generatedStudies show that majority of stress generated
by lateral load can be dissipated by implant inby lateral load can be dissipated by implant in
the range of 10 -15 mm length compared withthe range of 10 -15 mm length compared with
implant of 20 – 30 mm lengthimplant of 20 – 30 mm length
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
79. 7979
Crest module configurationCrest module configuration
Crest module of implant body is the transostealCrest module of implant body is the transosteal
region from implant body and is characterized asregion from implant body and is characterized as
a region of high concentration of mechanicala region of high concentration of mechanical
stressstress
Many crest modules have been designed toMany crest modules have been designed to
reduce plaque accumulation once bone loss hasreduce plaque accumulation once bone loss has
occurredoccurred
However design of crest module contributes toHowever design of crest module contributes to
crestal bone losscrestal bone loss
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
80. 8080
Angulated crest module > 20° with surfaceAngulated crest module > 20° with surface
texture that increases bone contact causestexture that increases bone contact causes
slightly beneficial cumbersome stress toslightly beneficial cumbersome stress to
adjacent bone and decreased bone lossadjacent bone and decreased bone loss
Crest module should be slightly larger than outerCrest module should be slightly larger than outer
thread diameterthread diameter
Crest module height is often 2 mmCrest module height is often 2 mm
A polished collar of minimum height should beA polished collar of minimum height should be
designed on the superior portion just below thedesigned on the superior portion just below the
prosthesis platform (0.5 mm)prosthesis platform (0.5 mm)
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
82. 8282
Apical design considerationsApical design considerations
Most root form implants are circular in crossMost root form implants are circular in cross
sectionsection
Around cross section does not resist shearAround cross section does not resist shear
forcesforces
As a result anti - rotational feature isAs a result anti - rotational feature is
incorporated in apical region of implant bodyincorporated in apical region of implant body
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
83. 8383
Another anti - rotational feature flat sides orAnother anti - rotational feature flat sides or
gross along the body or apical the region of thegross along the body or apical the region of the
implant bodyimplant body
When bone grows against flat end it is keptWhen bone grows against flat end it is kept
under compression with rotational loads , thusunder compression with rotational loads , thus
apical end must be flat than pointedapical end must be flat than pointed
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
84. 8484
Abutment designAbutment design
Abutments for flat surfaced implants: implantsAbutments for flat surfaced implants: implants
that do not have any anti rotational elementsthat do not have any anti rotational elements
are flat surfaced and usually demandare flat surfaced and usually demand
attachment of one piece abutmentsattachment of one piece abutments
These implants are used only when multipleThese implants are used only when multiple
units are to be cemented by connecting themunits are to be cemented by connecting them
with overlay bars or crownswith overlay bars or crowns
Should not be used for replacing single to theShould not be used for replacing single to the
restorationsrestorations
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
85. 8585
Abutments for implants with anti-rotationalAbutments for implants with anti-rotational
features: anti - rotational features arefeatures: anti - rotational features are
- The External hexThe External hex
- The Internal hexThe Internal hex
- The Spline attachment and variations , splinesThe Spline attachment and variations , splines
are fin to groove configurations with long andare fin to groove configurations with long and
successful history in engineeringsuccessful history in engineering
- The Park starThe Park star
- The Morse taper ( cold weld ) attachmentThe Morse taper ( cold weld ) attachment
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
86. 8686
Abutments are commonly available into pieces ,Abutments are commonly available into pieces ,
which demands that the abutment be seated onwhich demands that the abutment be seated on
the implant their by engaging the anti-rotationalthe implant their by engaging the anti-rotational
component , a retaining screw is used to tightencomponent , a retaining screw is used to tighten
the abutment to the implantthe abutment to the implant
A critical factor that requires consideration whenA critical factor that requires consideration when
a retaining screw is fastened is thea retaining screw is fastened is the
`phenomenon of thread stretch`.`phenomenon of thread stretch`.
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
87. 8787
This is caused by relaxation of the screw metalThis is caused by relaxation of the screw metal
after it has been tightened . To ensureafter it has been tightened . To ensure
continuing screw tightness, retorque the screwcontinuing screw tightness, retorque the screw
subsequently with the proper force for upto foursubsequently with the proper force for upto four
additional procedures over a one week period.additional procedures over a one week period.
Two piece designs permit angulated abutmentsTwo piece designs permit angulated abutments
(10 to 30° )(10 to 30° )
Three piece designs are available , consist of anThree piece designs are available , consist of an
angled abutment , an interposed collar ( eachangled abutment , an interposed collar ( each
with Its own anti-rotational component ) and awith Its own anti-rotational component ) and a
fixation screw .fixation screw .
Custom cast abutments are made when preciseCustom cast abutments are made when precise
angulations are required for proper prostheticangulations are required for proper prosthetic
positionposition
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
88. 8888
Surface coatingsSurface coatings
Titanium plasma spray ( TPS )Titanium plasma spray ( TPS )
- Implant body may be covered with a porousImplant body may be covered with a porous
coating , two materials commonly used for thiscoating , two materials commonly used for this
purpose titanium and hydroxyapatitepurpose titanium and hydroxyapatite
- Both are plasma sprayed on to implant bodyBoth are plasma sprayed on to implant body
- TPS increases B-I surface area and acts similarTPS increases B-I surface area and acts similar
to three dimensional surface rates may stimulateto three dimensional surface rates may stimulate
adhesion osteogenesisadhesion osteogenesis
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
89. 8989
- There is 600% increase in total surface areaThere is 600% increase in total surface area
- FSA increases by 25 to 30% which is significantFSA increases by 25 to 30% which is significant
- Improved initial fixation of implant is seen specially inImproved initial fixation of implant is seen specially in
softer bonesofter bone
Hydroxyapatite coatings :Hydroxyapatite coatings :
- Similar roughness as TPS and increase FSASimilar roughness as TPS and increase FSA
- Direct bonding to bone which is of greater strengthDirect bonding to bone which is of greater strength
- Enhanced gap healing in hydroxyapatite coating is seenEnhanced gap healing in hydroxyapatite coating is seen
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
90. 9090
Advantages of surface coatings:Advantages of surface coatings:
- Increased surface areaIncreased surface area
- Increased roughness for initial stabilizationIncreased roughness for initial stabilization
- Stronger B-I interfaceStronger B-I interface
Additional advantages of HA over TPSAdditional advantages of HA over TPS
- Faster healing of B-I interfaceFaster healing of B-I interface
- Increased gap healing between B & HAIncreased gap healing between B & HA
- Stronger interface than in TPSStronger interface than in TPS
- Less corrosion of metalLess corrosion of metal
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
91. 9191
Disadvantages of surface coatings :Disadvantages of surface coatings :
- Coatings may be damaged when beingCoatings may be damaged when being
inserted in dense boneinserted in dense bone
- Increased surface roughness with the riskIncreased surface roughness with the risk
of bacterial contamination when presentof bacterial contamination when present
above boneabove bone
- HA : increased plaque retention whenHA : increased plaque retention when
exposedexposed
- Increased costsIncreased costs
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com