This document discusses using brain-based learning tools like Islamic songs ("nasheed") to maintain cognitive reserve in dementia patients. It reviews literature on cognitive reserve and how education, occupation, and leisure activities can build reserve. The author then presents observations from caring for a dementia patient, finding that listening to nasheed improved attention, learning, and memory over 18 months. Nasheed may create a relaxed yet alert state that enhances comprehension. The paper concludes that brain-based tools tailored to a patient's culture could help preserve cognitive abilities as dementia progresses by engaging compensatory neural networks.
SOCIAL CAPITAL ROLE IN ADDRESSING AGING PARENTS LONELINESSIAEME Publication
The challenges of caring for aging parents have different inputs and outputs; however, the one common factor that appears in both ends is the challenge of maintaining their social capital, regardless of their condition. In this paper, the social capital relevant to loneliness is addressed. The author, as a close carer, reviews the work that helped in addressing social capital maintenance, besides the mitigation mechanisms of both loneliness and its impact on cognitive decline. Based on the strategic framework that is synthesized from the literature, a communication model is proposed for close carers and the concerned stakeholders. The framework and the communication model mitigate the risks of loneliness by optimizing the social capital of the aging parents, and raising the best approaches for quality of life.
HOW THE PANDEMIC DESTROYED OUR ‘SOCIAL CAPITAL’? A HOLISTIC REVIEWIAEME Publication
The COVID-19 pandemic shacked up our ability to work physically together, to solve complex problems in the field, and form initiatives that make up the new developments of our communities. This paper reviews how our social capital is being threatened, especially in unprecedented times. The research explores what challenges the pandemic and the new normal brought to our social capital, social mobility, social behaviours, while created an appreciation for our spiritual- and social being. The researcher investigates how our social capital values, and beliefs, besides our attitudes, have been affected by the changes in the social interactions that became more virtual since the outbreak. The implication of the paper carries early notes for mitigation against loss or destruction of social capital, which usually plays a puffer against collective social cognitive impairment. The paper concludes with recommendations and a scope for future framework that could help to bring initiatives that focus on citizens engagement, and optimising multidisciplinary thinking that targets the enhancement of future generations social networks capacity; taking in consideration the rise of aging populations.
Che 6305, issues and trends in community health 1 abhi353063
This document outlines the learning outcomes and activities for Unit II of a community health course. The unit focuses on assessing public health problem-solving methods, applying social and behavioral science theories to community health challenges, discussing methods to solve public health problems, and identifying issues in specific communities. Students will complete lessons, videos and scholarly activities to assess theories, identify health disparities and social determinants of health, and discuss combining theories and models to address community health issues.
1 1 abstract—with the advent of the technologicabhi353063
The document discusses how artificial intelligence is contributing to healthcare, particularly in the diagnosis of diseases like diabetes, Alzheimer's, and heart disease. It provides background on AI and discusses how techniques like expert systems, machine learning, and medical imaging are being used to more accurately diagnose diseases. Segmentation of MRI images through techniques like clustering and edge detection have proven useful for detecting Alzheimer's disease. Electronic health records also provide useful health information for treating diseases.
Get the example how to start a literature review. Visit us to find out more tips and samples: https://www.literaturereviewwritingservice.com/how-to-start-a-literature-review/
Private Debt, Public Virtues: On the relationship between welfare and househo...Martino Comelli
The quality of welfare spending, not just the quantity, influences household debt levels between countries. Welfare systems that focus spending on the elderly (high elderly-biased social spending index/EBiSS) correspond to lower borrowing among young people. Younger individuals in countries with more balanced welfare spending have more stable financial expectations, making them less risk-averse and more willing to take on long-term debt like mortgages. The author proposes studying the relationship between different types of welfare regimes and levels of household debt, including consumer credit.
This chapter reviews literature on intellectual disabilities, care ethics, and leisure. It identifies gaps and discusses how having a sibling with an intellectual disability may impact young women's leisure experiences. The review covers definitions of intellectual disability, needs of those affected, stresses on mothers of children with intellectual disabilities, and historical issues regarding institutionalization and advocacy that led to greater community inclusion and support services today.
Thesis - Urbanism: A Trend in Hyper-Stimulation and Its Effects on the Human ...Nelson Rozo
Taking into consideration both the mind and its environment by examining the place of dwelling and its various characteristics. My undergraduate work has aimed to further understand the mechanisms underlying human behavior and perception by taking an interdisciplinary approach that combines the social sciences with cognitive neuroscience for a more holistic approach. In this thesis I examine some of the factors associated with urban living and their possible side effects on the human brain.
SOCIAL CAPITAL ROLE IN ADDRESSING AGING PARENTS LONELINESSIAEME Publication
The challenges of caring for aging parents have different inputs and outputs; however, the one common factor that appears in both ends is the challenge of maintaining their social capital, regardless of their condition. In this paper, the social capital relevant to loneliness is addressed. The author, as a close carer, reviews the work that helped in addressing social capital maintenance, besides the mitigation mechanisms of both loneliness and its impact on cognitive decline. Based on the strategic framework that is synthesized from the literature, a communication model is proposed for close carers and the concerned stakeholders. The framework and the communication model mitigate the risks of loneliness by optimizing the social capital of the aging parents, and raising the best approaches for quality of life.
HOW THE PANDEMIC DESTROYED OUR ‘SOCIAL CAPITAL’? A HOLISTIC REVIEWIAEME Publication
The COVID-19 pandemic shacked up our ability to work physically together, to solve complex problems in the field, and form initiatives that make up the new developments of our communities. This paper reviews how our social capital is being threatened, especially in unprecedented times. The research explores what challenges the pandemic and the new normal brought to our social capital, social mobility, social behaviours, while created an appreciation for our spiritual- and social being. The researcher investigates how our social capital values, and beliefs, besides our attitudes, have been affected by the changes in the social interactions that became more virtual since the outbreak. The implication of the paper carries early notes for mitigation against loss or destruction of social capital, which usually plays a puffer against collective social cognitive impairment. The paper concludes with recommendations and a scope for future framework that could help to bring initiatives that focus on citizens engagement, and optimising multidisciplinary thinking that targets the enhancement of future generations social networks capacity; taking in consideration the rise of aging populations.
Che 6305, issues and trends in community health 1 abhi353063
This document outlines the learning outcomes and activities for Unit II of a community health course. The unit focuses on assessing public health problem-solving methods, applying social and behavioral science theories to community health challenges, discussing methods to solve public health problems, and identifying issues in specific communities. Students will complete lessons, videos and scholarly activities to assess theories, identify health disparities and social determinants of health, and discuss combining theories and models to address community health issues.
1 1 abstract—with the advent of the technologicabhi353063
The document discusses how artificial intelligence is contributing to healthcare, particularly in the diagnosis of diseases like diabetes, Alzheimer's, and heart disease. It provides background on AI and discusses how techniques like expert systems, machine learning, and medical imaging are being used to more accurately diagnose diseases. Segmentation of MRI images through techniques like clustering and edge detection have proven useful for detecting Alzheimer's disease. Electronic health records also provide useful health information for treating diseases.
Get the example how to start a literature review. Visit us to find out more tips and samples: https://www.literaturereviewwritingservice.com/how-to-start-a-literature-review/
Private Debt, Public Virtues: On the relationship between welfare and househo...Martino Comelli
The quality of welfare spending, not just the quantity, influences household debt levels between countries. Welfare systems that focus spending on the elderly (high elderly-biased social spending index/EBiSS) correspond to lower borrowing among young people. Younger individuals in countries with more balanced welfare spending have more stable financial expectations, making them less risk-averse and more willing to take on long-term debt like mortgages. The author proposes studying the relationship between different types of welfare regimes and levels of household debt, including consumer credit.
This chapter reviews literature on intellectual disabilities, care ethics, and leisure. It identifies gaps and discusses how having a sibling with an intellectual disability may impact young women's leisure experiences. The review covers definitions of intellectual disability, needs of those affected, stresses on mothers of children with intellectual disabilities, and historical issues regarding institutionalization and advocacy that led to greater community inclusion and support services today.
Thesis - Urbanism: A Trend in Hyper-Stimulation and Its Effects on the Human ...Nelson Rozo
Taking into consideration both the mind and its environment by examining the place of dwelling and its various characteristics. My undergraduate work has aimed to further understand the mechanisms underlying human behavior and perception by taking an interdisciplinary approach that combines the social sciences with cognitive neuroscience for a more holistic approach. In this thesis I examine some of the factors associated with urban living and their possible side effects on the human brain.
Poster: Is generalized trust decreasing because of rising income inequality i...Chris Martin
This study examines the relationship between rising income inequality in the U.S. and decreasing levels of generalized trust over time. The researchers analyzed data from the General Social Survey from 1972-2009, finding a significant negative correlation - as the Gini coefficient (a measure of income inequality) increased year to year, levels of reported trust in others decreased. Their longitudinal analysis estimated that for every 1 standard deviation increase in the Gini coefficient, the percentage of people reporting they trust others dropped from 41% to 29%. The researchers conclude that rising income inequality is likely reducing social trust in the U.S. over time.
COMMENTARY ‘ What we ’ ve tried, hasn ’ t worked ’ : the politics of assets b...Jim Bloyd
It is a paradox of recent epidemiology that as material inequalities grow, so
the pursuit of non-material explanations for health outcomes proliferates. At
one level, a greater recognition of psycho-social factors has deepened the
understanding of the societal determinants of health, the links between mental
and physical health and the social nature of human need. Too often however,
psycho-social factors are abstracted from the material realities of people
’
s lives
and function as an alternative to addressing questions of economic power and
privilege and their relationship to the distribution of health. The growing in
fl
u-
ence of salutogenesis and asset-based approaches is one example of this trend.
This paper re
fl
ects on the theories of public health that lie behind the dis-
course of assets, together with some of the reasons for, and consequences of,
its popularity and in
fl
uence, notably in Scotland.
What the Audience Research Tells us About how to Build Consumer Demand for Re...Justin Rolfe-Redding
The document summarizes research on building consumer demand for renewable energy. It identifies six audience segments regarding their views on global warming, from "alarmed" to "dismissive." It recommends aggressively targeting all audiences with unique, values-oriented messaging from trusted sources. Messages should focus on renewable energy benefits and connect through appropriate actions and messengers. Overall, communication should begin and end with the audience's mindset.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGING AND DISEASE selvaraj227
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGING AND DISEASE, PRINCIPLES OF AGING FACTORS INFLUENCING HEALTHY AGEINGCHALLENGES IN RESPONDING TO POPULATION AGEINGCOMMON HEALTH CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH AGEINGSOCIAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES
Statement. Effects of social exclusion as the result of family breakups on th...InterMedia Consulting
Statement submitted by International Federation for Family
Development, a non-governmental organization in general
consultative status with the Economic and Social Council.
This document summarizes a report on meeting the mental health needs of older adults. It discusses the barriers older adults face in accessing mental health services and an emerging approach centered around expanding care options, community-based services, and integrating mental health and aging services systems. Promising programs in New York City that reflect this approach include social adult day care, co-locating mental health services at senior centers, and depression screening pilots.
A critical discussion of the focus on the biomedical perspective in the preve...GERATEC
The biomedical focus on dementia brought the phenomena of what was considered a normal part of ageing into the medical and scientific field of interest (Bartlett, R and O’Connor, D. 2010). This perspective comes with a strong focus on neurodegenerative decline and deficits. Even though Alzheimer’s disease was around for more than 70 years since noted by Alois Alzheimer, it was only in the 1980’s that the “disease emerged as an illness category and policy issue” (Lyman, A. 1989). The Nun Study of David A. Snowdon, PhD, which started in 1991, brought a new perspective to the research into dementia. It was discovered during autopsies that people who have lived their lives without any signs of dementia, actually had amyloid plaques and tangles in their brains congruent to people living with dementia (Snowdon, D.A. 2003). Biomedical research is at this stage the primary focus of research into dementia, receiving most of the funding budget. According to an article in Therapy Today (July 2012) in the UK alone, £66 million will be allocated to dementia research by 2015, of which only £13 million is earmarked for social science research. In the WHO report on Dementia, Daviglus M.L. et al of the US National Institutes of Health state that “firm conclusions cannot be drawn about the association of any modifiable risk factor with cognitive decline of Alzheimer disease”.
The importance of the research findings of the biomedical model cannot be underestimated. However, considering the facts that t this point there seems to be nothing that can prevent nor cure Dementia, I am of the opinion that more research and funding should focused on creating a life worth living for people who live with dementia.
Al Power - Dementia beyond disease: Enhancing well beingRunwaySale
This document discusses moving beyond a biomedical model of dementia to focus on enhancing well-being. It notes that antipsychotic drug use is widespread but provides little benefit, and instead risks increasing mortality. A new model defines dementia as a shift in experiencing the world, prioritizing domains like identity, connectedness and meaning over symptom reduction. Culture change is needed to operationalize this philosophy through physical environments, decision-making processes, and personal perspectives that support well-being.
This document discusses factors that influence social exclusion, particularly among prisoners. It notes that many prisoners come from deprived backgrounds, have poor education and mental health issues. In prison, inmates often lose contact with outside support networks and coping mechanisms. Upon release, prisoners frequently struggle to find housing, employment and community support, increasing their risk of reoffending. The case study of "Claude" illustrates this vicious cycle of social exclusion and recidivism due to a lack of support both during and after incarceration.
This document discusses Phillip Blond's perspective on using civil society and association to address health inequalities in the UK. It notes decreases in civic engagement, volunteering, and social cohesion. Strengthening social capital by supporting community groups and encouraging participation in health programs could help reduce inequalities. Peer-to-peer communication and promoting personal responsibility are highlighted as strategies.
Assets endowment determinant factor for stakeholder mobilization and retentio...Alexander Decker
This study examined the relationship between asset endowment and stakeholder mobilization for community-driven development (CDD) projects. A survey was administered to 105 community stakeholders in Kisumu West District, Kenya. Statistical analysis found a significant positive correlation between measures of community assets and measures of individual and community mobilization. Specifically, higher scores on measures of assets like human capital, social assets, and economic assets were correlated with higher scores on measures of willingness to participate in CDD projects and endure participation. The results indicate asset endowment has a direct impact on stakeholder mobilization for CDD by determining communities' ability to mobilize and participate in development initiatives.
Elderly suicide is influenced by multiple contributing factors including loneliness, depression, financial stressors, loss of home or partner, physical and mental deterioration, and ineffective coping mechanisms. Over 15% of elderly suicide victims misuse alcohol, and social isolation is also a risk factor. Elderly suicide attempts are often more lethal than younger adults, with firearms being the leading method. Healthcare providers can help reduce elderly suicide risk through identification and support of at-risk individuals, teaching coping skills, promoting safe environments, offering social activities, and expanding access to healthcare and temporary financial assistance.
This document discusses poverty and social programs in Canada. It finds that poverty has increased significantly in Ontario since 2007, with over 1.7 million Ontarians now living in poverty. While Canada saw a reduction in income inequality in the 1980s-1990s, income inequality has increased substantially since the mid-1990s. There is no official poverty line in Canada, but the document examines several common measures including the Low Income Cut Off. It reviews the four main categories of social programs in Canada and finds that social assistance is now inadequate, with current welfare rates well below historical peaks.
This study examines changes in dendritic branching and spines in the frontal, temporal, and parietal cortex from individuals diagnosed as non-cognitively impaired (NCI), with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Brain tissue was analyzed using the Golgi impregnation method to quantify dendritic branching and spines. Results showed each cortical region had distinct patterns of dendritic changes from NCI to MCI to AD. The temporal cortex saw a 20% loss of branching in MCI and a further 5% loss in AD. The parietal cortex had a mild 4% loss in MCI and a 10% loss in AD. In contrast, the frontal cortex showed a
There is Time to Adjust. Aging as a Protective Factor for Autism-Crimson Publ...CrimsonPublishersGGS
There is Time to Adjust. Aging as a Protective Factor for Autism by Diego Iacono in Gerontology & Geriatrics studies
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is formally diagnosed before the age of 3 that is, when the central nervous system (CNS) is not yet completely formed, but it is mature enough to generate behavioural abnormalities in some individuals when compared to an age- matched group of typically developed children [1,2]. However, ASD is not a life-threating disease and children diagnosed with ASD age at the same rate as their peers. The possible detrimental or beneficial factors associated with aging in children affected by ASD are not fully known. Surprisingly, the amount of peer-reviewed medical and scientific international literature published on the topic of aging with autism is quite modest and sporadic [3]. The scarcity of aging-ASD investigations derives from the lower level of attention, and related funding opportunities, from the major public and private funding agencies for research across the globe
Young blood is capable of reversing cognitive decline from aging. A study found that aged mice exposed to young blood, through a process called heterochronic parabiosis, saw improvements in synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions like learning and memory. Tests showed enhanced dendritic spine growth in the hippocampus, increased synaptic potentiation, better contextual fear conditioning learning, and improved spatial memory. The rejuvenating effects were reduced when the young blood was heat treated, indicating heat-labile factors are responsible. Creb gene expression, important for synaptic signaling and plasticity, was also increased by young blood exposure. This suggests circulating factors in young blood can counteract aging effects on the brain.
Personality and the brain; Can brain damage change personality?Ivona Vukotic
Brain damage can change personality in several ways:
1) Studies have found links between certain personality disorders like antisocial personality disorder and abnormalities in areas of the brain like the prefrontal cortex and amygdala.
2) Brain imaging research on criminals with antisocial personality disorder has revealed structural and functional damage in regions involved in decision making, emotions, and social behavior.
3) Brain damage may contribute to personality changes by impairing functions like impulse control, empathy, and the ability to learn from punishment or fear. However, the relationship between brain abnormalities and personality is complex with many open questions.
Dementia is an important public health priority. Caring for a person with dementia can be very challenging. A better understanding of dementia is important for both patients and carers. The main objective of this research was to help to improve the quality of interaction between dementia patients and carers. The aim of this research is to investigate how games could support dementia carers through, initially developing a conceptual framework. The research analysed 10 existing games within health education. Game content, such as Game play, Avatar portrayal, Gameworld graphics, Sound/Music and Storyline, were examined in order to help family members who may be carers. This paper discusses the different ways in which various aspects of games could be used to help and support dementia carers from their own perspectives.
The document discusses the importance of attention and mindfulness. It summarizes research showing that a wandering mind is associated with unhappiness, and that multitasking reduces cognitive performance. Mindfulness training is shown to improve focus, reduce stress and depression, and enhance performance. The document advocates for mindfulness to improve mental and physical health, and suggests it can help reduce medical errors by enhancing focus and attention.
Poster: Is generalized trust decreasing because of rising income inequality i...Chris Martin
This study examines the relationship between rising income inequality in the U.S. and decreasing levels of generalized trust over time. The researchers analyzed data from the General Social Survey from 1972-2009, finding a significant negative correlation - as the Gini coefficient (a measure of income inequality) increased year to year, levels of reported trust in others decreased. Their longitudinal analysis estimated that for every 1 standard deviation increase in the Gini coefficient, the percentage of people reporting they trust others dropped from 41% to 29%. The researchers conclude that rising income inequality is likely reducing social trust in the U.S. over time.
COMMENTARY ‘ What we ’ ve tried, hasn ’ t worked ’ : the politics of assets b...Jim Bloyd
It is a paradox of recent epidemiology that as material inequalities grow, so
the pursuit of non-material explanations for health outcomes proliferates. At
one level, a greater recognition of psycho-social factors has deepened the
understanding of the societal determinants of health, the links between mental
and physical health and the social nature of human need. Too often however,
psycho-social factors are abstracted from the material realities of people
’
s lives
and function as an alternative to addressing questions of economic power and
privilege and their relationship to the distribution of health. The growing in
fl
u-
ence of salutogenesis and asset-based approaches is one example of this trend.
This paper re
fl
ects on the theories of public health that lie behind the dis-
course of assets, together with some of the reasons for, and consequences of,
its popularity and in
fl
uence, notably in Scotland.
What the Audience Research Tells us About how to Build Consumer Demand for Re...Justin Rolfe-Redding
The document summarizes research on building consumer demand for renewable energy. It identifies six audience segments regarding their views on global warming, from "alarmed" to "dismissive." It recommends aggressively targeting all audiences with unique, values-oriented messaging from trusted sources. Messages should focus on renewable energy benefits and connect through appropriate actions and messengers. Overall, communication should begin and end with the audience's mindset.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGING AND DISEASE selvaraj227
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGING AND DISEASE, PRINCIPLES OF AGING FACTORS INFLUENCING HEALTHY AGEINGCHALLENGES IN RESPONDING TO POPULATION AGEINGCOMMON HEALTH CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH AGEINGSOCIAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES
Statement. Effects of social exclusion as the result of family breakups on th...InterMedia Consulting
Statement submitted by International Federation for Family
Development, a non-governmental organization in general
consultative status with the Economic and Social Council.
This document summarizes a report on meeting the mental health needs of older adults. It discusses the barriers older adults face in accessing mental health services and an emerging approach centered around expanding care options, community-based services, and integrating mental health and aging services systems. Promising programs in New York City that reflect this approach include social adult day care, co-locating mental health services at senior centers, and depression screening pilots.
A critical discussion of the focus on the biomedical perspective in the preve...GERATEC
The biomedical focus on dementia brought the phenomena of what was considered a normal part of ageing into the medical and scientific field of interest (Bartlett, R and O’Connor, D. 2010). This perspective comes with a strong focus on neurodegenerative decline and deficits. Even though Alzheimer’s disease was around for more than 70 years since noted by Alois Alzheimer, it was only in the 1980’s that the “disease emerged as an illness category and policy issue” (Lyman, A. 1989). The Nun Study of David A. Snowdon, PhD, which started in 1991, brought a new perspective to the research into dementia. It was discovered during autopsies that people who have lived their lives without any signs of dementia, actually had amyloid plaques and tangles in their brains congruent to people living with dementia (Snowdon, D.A. 2003). Biomedical research is at this stage the primary focus of research into dementia, receiving most of the funding budget. According to an article in Therapy Today (July 2012) in the UK alone, £66 million will be allocated to dementia research by 2015, of which only £13 million is earmarked for social science research. In the WHO report on Dementia, Daviglus M.L. et al of the US National Institutes of Health state that “firm conclusions cannot be drawn about the association of any modifiable risk factor with cognitive decline of Alzheimer disease”.
The importance of the research findings of the biomedical model cannot be underestimated. However, considering the facts that t this point there seems to be nothing that can prevent nor cure Dementia, I am of the opinion that more research and funding should focused on creating a life worth living for people who live with dementia.
Al Power - Dementia beyond disease: Enhancing well beingRunwaySale
This document discusses moving beyond a biomedical model of dementia to focus on enhancing well-being. It notes that antipsychotic drug use is widespread but provides little benefit, and instead risks increasing mortality. A new model defines dementia as a shift in experiencing the world, prioritizing domains like identity, connectedness and meaning over symptom reduction. Culture change is needed to operationalize this philosophy through physical environments, decision-making processes, and personal perspectives that support well-being.
This document discusses factors that influence social exclusion, particularly among prisoners. It notes that many prisoners come from deprived backgrounds, have poor education and mental health issues. In prison, inmates often lose contact with outside support networks and coping mechanisms. Upon release, prisoners frequently struggle to find housing, employment and community support, increasing their risk of reoffending. The case study of "Claude" illustrates this vicious cycle of social exclusion and recidivism due to a lack of support both during and after incarceration.
This document discusses Phillip Blond's perspective on using civil society and association to address health inequalities in the UK. It notes decreases in civic engagement, volunteering, and social cohesion. Strengthening social capital by supporting community groups and encouraging participation in health programs could help reduce inequalities. Peer-to-peer communication and promoting personal responsibility are highlighted as strategies.
Assets endowment determinant factor for stakeholder mobilization and retentio...Alexander Decker
This study examined the relationship between asset endowment and stakeholder mobilization for community-driven development (CDD) projects. A survey was administered to 105 community stakeholders in Kisumu West District, Kenya. Statistical analysis found a significant positive correlation between measures of community assets and measures of individual and community mobilization. Specifically, higher scores on measures of assets like human capital, social assets, and economic assets were correlated with higher scores on measures of willingness to participate in CDD projects and endure participation. The results indicate asset endowment has a direct impact on stakeholder mobilization for CDD by determining communities' ability to mobilize and participate in development initiatives.
Elderly suicide is influenced by multiple contributing factors including loneliness, depression, financial stressors, loss of home or partner, physical and mental deterioration, and ineffective coping mechanisms. Over 15% of elderly suicide victims misuse alcohol, and social isolation is also a risk factor. Elderly suicide attempts are often more lethal than younger adults, with firearms being the leading method. Healthcare providers can help reduce elderly suicide risk through identification and support of at-risk individuals, teaching coping skills, promoting safe environments, offering social activities, and expanding access to healthcare and temporary financial assistance.
This document discusses poverty and social programs in Canada. It finds that poverty has increased significantly in Ontario since 2007, with over 1.7 million Ontarians now living in poverty. While Canada saw a reduction in income inequality in the 1980s-1990s, income inequality has increased substantially since the mid-1990s. There is no official poverty line in Canada, but the document examines several common measures including the Low Income Cut Off. It reviews the four main categories of social programs in Canada and finds that social assistance is now inadequate, with current welfare rates well below historical peaks.
Urban green space, public health, and environmental justice: The challenge of...
Similar to IMPACT OF BRAIN-BASED LEARNING TOOLS IN MAINTAINING COGNITIVE RESERVE OF DEMENTIA PATIENTS - EXPERIMENTING WITH THE APPLICATION OF 'NASHEED'
This study examines changes in dendritic branching and spines in the frontal, temporal, and parietal cortex from individuals diagnosed as non-cognitively impaired (NCI), with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Brain tissue was analyzed using the Golgi impregnation method to quantify dendritic branching and spines. Results showed each cortical region had distinct patterns of dendritic changes from NCI to MCI to AD. The temporal cortex saw a 20% loss of branching in MCI and a further 5% loss in AD. The parietal cortex had a mild 4% loss in MCI and a 10% loss in AD. In contrast, the frontal cortex showed a
There is Time to Adjust. Aging as a Protective Factor for Autism-Crimson Publ...CrimsonPublishersGGS
There is Time to Adjust. Aging as a Protective Factor for Autism by Diego Iacono in Gerontology & Geriatrics studies
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is formally diagnosed before the age of 3 that is, when the central nervous system (CNS) is not yet completely formed, but it is mature enough to generate behavioural abnormalities in some individuals when compared to an age- matched group of typically developed children [1,2]. However, ASD is not a life-threating disease and children diagnosed with ASD age at the same rate as their peers. The possible detrimental or beneficial factors associated with aging in children affected by ASD are not fully known. Surprisingly, the amount of peer-reviewed medical and scientific international literature published on the topic of aging with autism is quite modest and sporadic [3]. The scarcity of aging-ASD investigations derives from the lower level of attention, and related funding opportunities, from the major public and private funding agencies for research across the globe
Young blood is capable of reversing cognitive decline from aging. A study found that aged mice exposed to young blood, through a process called heterochronic parabiosis, saw improvements in synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions like learning and memory. Tests showed enhanced dendritic spine growth in the hippocampus, increased synaptic potentiation, better contextual fear conditioning learning, and improved spatial memory. The rejuvenating effects were reduced when the young blood was heat treated, indicating heat-labile factors are responsible. Creb gene expression, important for synaptic signaling and plasticity, was also increased by young blood exposure. This suggests circulating factors in young blood can counteract aging effects on the brain.
Personality and the brain; Can brain damage change personality?Ivona Vukotic
Brain damage can change personality in several ways:
1) Studies have found links between certain personality disorders like antisocial personality disorder and abnormalities in areas of the brain like the prefrontal cortex and amygdala.
2) Brain imaging research on criminals with antisocial personality disorder has revealed structural and functional damage in regions involved in decision making, emotions, and social behavior.
3) Brain damage may contribute to personality changes by impairing functions like impulse control, empathy, and the ability to learn from punishment or fear. However, the relationship between brain abnormalities and personality is complex with many open questions.
Dementia is an important public health priority. Caring for a person with dementia can be very challenging. A better understanding of dementia is important for both patients and carers. The main objective of this research was to help to improve the quality of interaction between dementia patients and carers. The aim of this research is to investigate how games could support dementia carers through, initially developing a conceptual framework. The research analysed 10 existing games within health education. Game content, such as Game play, Avatar portrayal, Gameworld graphics, Sound/Music and Storyline, were examined in order to help family members who may be carers. This paper discusses the different ways in which various aspects of games could be used to help and support dementia carers from their own perspectives.
The document discusses the importance of attention and mindfulness. It summarizes research showing that a wandering mind is associated with unhappiness, and that multitasking reduces cognitive performance. Mindfulness training is shown to improve focus, reduce stress and depression, and enhance performance. The document advocates for mindfulness to improve mental and physical health, and suggests it can help reduce medical errors by enhancing focus and attention.
Order #163040071 why risk factors of cardiovascular diseases are mjack60216
This document outlines a research proposal to study why cardiovascular disease risk factors are more prevalent among Hispanics in Florida. The proposal includes an introduction discussing relevant background literature, hypothesized significance and importance of the study, a proposed methodology involving collecting data on Hispanics and a control group, and an expected timeline and budget. The proposal would analyze risk factors like high cholesterol, blood pressure, obesity, diabetes, and smoking among Hispanics and potential causes like a lack of risk awareness.
Neurological SystemThe nervous system is a collection of nerves .docxmayank272369
Neurological System
The nervous system is a collection of nerves and specialized cells forming a spectacular network of connections which transmit signals between different parts of the body. It controls the activities of all body organs and tissues. Structurally, it is organized into two parts: the central nervous system, comprising the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, which connects the central nervous system to other parts of the body.
The aging process is associated with many biological, physiological, environmental, psychological, behavioral, and physical processes. These changes often result in several complex health conditions dubbed geriatric syndromes. Most cells have a short life span and are easily regenerated and replaced by new cells in the human body. On the other hand, nerve cells are generated in vivo, have a longer life span, and are usually not replaced when they die or are destroyed.
Several changes occur in the central nervous system. Firstly, nerve cells and supporting neuroglia are gradually lost with age. On the other hand, the remaining cells function less efficiently, and there is an increased concentration of harmful materials such as free radicals and iron in the remaining brain tissue (Knight & Nigam, 2017). Secondly, there is a decrease in brain mass leading to decreased function of affected areas such as the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and motor cortex, manifesting as impairments in higher functions, memory loss, and gait. Thirdly, the ventricles increase in size and due to the loss of cells lining the ventricles. Fourthly, there is a decrease in cerebral blood flow and diminished integrity of the blood-brain barrier over time. There is also a decline in the production of neurotransmitters. Lastly, age-related changes to the vertebrae and intervertebral discs may increase pressure on the spinal cord and its branching nerve roots. This can slow down nerve impulses' conduction along motor neurons, contributing to reduced muscular strength (Manini et al., 2013).
There is a slowed nerve conduction in the peripheral nervous system attributed to decreased axonal length, loss of mitochondria, and degeneration of peripheral neurons' myelin sheath. This may result in decreased sensation, slower reflexes, and clumsiness. On top of that, damaged neurons are not repaired efficiently in older adults, and some are not repaired at all.
The decrease in brain function with aging may impair mental function seen in neurodegenerative conditions such as delirium and dementia. Delirium is defined as an acute confusional state characterized by an acute decline in attention-focus, perception, cognition, and consciousness. In contrast, dementia is an acquired global impairment of intellect, memory, and personality but without impaired consciousness.
The two conditions are similar in that they exhibit similarities in their presentation: impaired memory and judgment, confusion, disorientation, and varia.
Running Head: DEPRESSION 1
DEPRESSION 3
Lana Eliot
Depression
Psychology 630
Professor Benton
August 25, 2018
Many people throughout the world experience some type of depression in their lives and it is one of the most common mental disorders. The current statistic show that depression is linked to genetic, environmental, biological and is also psychological. Depression can ben found with any age person. A small child or an adult may have to deal with the depression that is affecting them. Chemical imbalances in the brain is the leading cause for a person dealing with the depressive order. The neurotransmitter is the what we call the communicator between the brain and the limbic system. Researchers study the limbic system in the brain as this is where depression starts; especially for anxiety and stress. The 3 major neurotransmitters; serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine all have direct relations with a persons’ depression and anxiety.
Serotonin plays a crucial role in our brain. It is associated with many physical actions that we may portray. The actions associated with serotonin are mood altering, sleeping patterns, eating disorders, and aggression. If a persons’ serotonin levels decrease, they may experience these depressive symptoms. This can also make persons have a feeling of self-worth and suicidal feelings.
Another transmitter in the brain which is associated with the depressive disorder is dopamine. This is the part of the brain that deals with our motivation and how we gain the feeling of self-worth and self-pleasure. Early studies suggested that an existence of neurotransmitter norepinephrine deficiency in some certain areas of the brain resulted in depression. One main cause of depression is the reduction in the concentration of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, such as serotonin and dopamine. The decrease in the concentration of these neurotransmitters leads to disturbed neuronal signal processing which leads to alterations in the structure of the neuronal networks. These basic changes are accepted to be one of the fundamental purposes behind sorrow. The emergence of neuroimaging techniques, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) and functional fMRI, established the importance of the ‘neurocircuit of emotion’ which has been expanded to include other important brain areas and the prefrontal cortex (PFC). These brain sites and their connections, which have been widely studied, are responsible for maintaining emotional stability and their malfunction is considered central to the pathophysiology of depression (Palazidou, E., 2012).
Recent follow up studies also shows that there is a group of individuals with a depression disorder who exhibit low levels of the chemical norepinephrine. In autopsy studies, it has been shown that in comparison,.
This document provides an introduction to a thesis on dementia. It discusses dementia including the main types and symptoms. Memory loss is one of the earliest symptoms. Dementia is progressive and gets worse over time. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but there is no cure for progressive dementias like Alzheimer's. Prevention focuses on lifestyle factors like exercise, diet, and avoiding risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The scope of the research is to explore socio-cultural issues affecting access to dementia diagnosis and support services for the South Asian population in a specific area. It aims to understand the impacts of dementia on the economic and social aspects of this community.
Systematic assessment of early symptoms of unspecified dementias in people wi...Premier Publishers
Researchers have shown that individuals with mental retardation or with developmental disabilities are at a greater risk of developing health problems and among others dementia than the general population. As the literature points out, dementia is characterized by progressive loss of cognitive functions, until the individual has lost all independency and ability in daily life. It is therefore necessary to carry out a systematic assessment throughout the developmental phases at the beginning of these signs. The purpose of this paper is to present the importance of systematic assessment of early symptoms of unspecified dementias in people with developmental disabilities. The methodology is based on the pre-dementia analysis of two study cases followed by a 2-year period. In conclusion, it can be argued that the diagnosis of dementia in people with developmental disabilities, in the early stages, has become difficult because of the lack of reliable and standardized criteria and diagnostic procedures and difficulties to investigate cognitive decline versus an already vulnerable developmental disability base. Therefore, in people with developmental disabilities, a diagnosis of dementia needs to be done based on changes in mental status from basic functioning. This helps a clinician to determine an accurate diagnosis in later years as hypothetically results from two case studies with later subcortical dementia. However, this endeavour remains to be discussed widely by mental health specialists, public health and cognitive neuroscience in order to determine whether this contribution provided actually has the power of explanation understandable or is understandable by the part of interest.
The document summarizes key points from a conference on mental health, social care, and the circulation of neurologic knowledge. It discusses how:
1) Neuroscience is increasingly prominent in psychiatry and helps authorize diagnostic categories. However, implications for psychotherapy are complex.
2) Service users position the brain as the locus of their illness, blending experiential and media knowledge about the brain.
3) Neurologic ideas circulate in popular and professional contexts but are loosely incorporated and sometimes resisted in practice due to time constraints and preference for experiential knowledge.
Guzzetti_Cognitive Processing Impairments of Sleep DeprivationJacob Guzzetti
The document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of total sleep deprivation on visual search abilities and short-term memory performance. 14 college students completed two cognitive tasks - a visual search task and the Brown-Peterson task - following a night of total sleep deprivation and again following a night of normal sleep. The results showed that total sleep deprivation had detrimental effects on visual filtering efficiency and encoding of information to short-term memory. This confirms previous research findings that sleep deprivation impairs cognitive functions like working memory, attention, and higher-order thinking.
Running head Background and Significance2Background and Sig.docxsusanschei
Running head: Background and Significance 2
Background and Significance 2
Effects of ADHD and Executive Functioning on Brain Development
#7
PSY625: Biological Bases of Behavior
Jennifer Weniger
July 30, 2018
Background
Techniques for maintaining and enhancing executive function in children with ADHD is great potential benefit to children and to society. Improved executive function improves daily performance in children and adults suffering from ADHD. There is more and more research for brain deficits associated with ADHD. ADHD symptoms can include inattention and/or hyperactivity and acting impulsively. This disorder affects more than one in 20 under the age of 18, and two-thirds of those diagnosed continue to deal with symptoms as adults. Further research on the effects of ADHD and executive functioning would be beneficial for those suffering from the disorder. Symptoms of ADHD create significate impairment in social, academic, occupational functioning, and relationships (Bressert, 2018). Higher executive functioning would lead to the ability to perform task of daily living and the improvement of quality of life.
There are more and more studies of normal and abnormal brain development in children and adolescents. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to study ADHD. The ones who will be helped by further studies and an increased understanding of ADHD and executive function deficit are the children and their families. Students who have these challenges need coaching from professionals who specialize in executive functioning problems. Students need to be taught the skills necessary to overcome their deficits. Executive function skills are not a guarantee to school success but without these skills the child will have difficulty at a certain point, which can be followed by a loss of self-esteem. Further knowledge will help children suffering from ADHD and executive disorder succeed in school and in life (Eckerd, Ruden, 2011).
There are seven skills associated with executive function, 1) self-awareness, 2) inhibition, 3) non-verbal working memory, 4) verbal working memory, 5) emotional self- regulation, 6) self-motivation, 7) planning and problem solving. Anyone exhibiting ADHD symptoms will have problems with all or most of these seven executive functions. These seven functions develop over time in chronological order. Starting with self-awareness at age 2 and ending with planning and problem-solving at age 30 in a neurotypical individual. An individual with ADHD id generally 30 to 40 percent behind in transitioning from one executive function to the next (Barkley, 2018).
There is need for more research in the significance of executive functioning deficits on ADHD. In the article, Interventions to improve executive functioning and working memory in school-aged children with AD(HD): a randomized controlled trail and stepped-care approach, the researchers investigated one executive function, working memory which pl ...
Neuroscience has impacted the field of cognitive psychology thro.docxmigdalialyle
Neuroscience has provided insights into cognitive psychology through neuroimaging techniques. This has improved understanding of the brain regions involved in different cognitive functions. Neuroimaging has allowed identification of potential cognitive issues before behavioral problems emerge, enabling early intervention. Studying individuals longitudinally using neuroimaging from birth could help identify brain areas associated with trauma vulnerability prior to any experiences. Understanding preexisting vulnerabilities could complement research on how trauma impacts brain changes and risk of further trauma.
This document provides an overview of Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD), including:
- The relatively recent origins of ADD/ADHD as a formal diagnosis, beginning in the early 20th century.
- Debate around whether traits associated with ADD/ADHD conferred evolutionary advantages in ancient hunter-gatherer cultures.
- Evidence that ADD/ADHD may co-occur with giftedness, in a concept known as "twice exceptionality."
- Changing cultural portrayals of ADD/ADHD traits in media over the 20th century, from immaturity to heroic abilities.
This document discusses a proposed theory using Turing machines to develop a new therapeutic strategy for treating some spinal cord and brain conditions using a depurative-toxicological-pharmacological approach. It reviews literature on neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and ALS to understand common pathological mechanisms involving accumulation of toxic metabolic byproducts that the central nervous system lacks efficient means of removing. The theory aims to translate these insights into a practical hypothesis for reducing or delaying disease progression. The document also summarizes findings from studies showing cerebrospinal fluid from progressive multiple sclerosis patients causes mitochondrial dysfunction in neurons, identifying a potential biological mechanism and therapeutic target for progressive forms of the disease.
Similar to IMPACT OF BRAIN-BASED LEARNING TOOLS IN MAINTAINING COGNITIVE RESERVE OF DEMENTIA PATIENTS - EXPERIMENTING WITH THE APPLICATION OF 'NASHEED' (20)
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition 2024, by Libby...Donc Test
Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition 2024, by Libby, Hodge, Verified Chapters 1 - 13, Complete Newest Version Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition by Libby, Hodge, Verified Chapters 1 - 13, Complete Newest Version Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Chapters Download Stuvia Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Chapters Download Stuvia Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Download Stuvia
OJP data from firms like Vicinity Jobs have emerged as a complement to traditional sources of labour demand data, such as the Job Vacancy and Wages Survey (JVWS). Ibrahim Abuallail, PhD Candidate, University of Ottawa, presented research relating to bias in OJPs and a proposed approach to effectively adjust OJP data to complement existing official data (such as from the JVWS) and improve the measurement of labour demand.
5 Tips for Creating Standard Financial ReportsEasyReports
Well-crafted financial reports serve as vital tools for decision-making and transparency within an organization. By following the undermentioned tips, you can create standardized financial reports that effectively communicate your company's financial health and performance to stakeholders.
STREETONOMICS: Exploring the Uncharted Territories of Informal Markets throug...sameer shah
Delve into the world of STREETONOMICS, where a team of 7 enthusiasts embarks on a journey to understand unorganized markets. By engaging with a coffee street vendor and crafting questionnaires, this project uncovers valuable insights into consumer behavior and market dynamics in informal settings."
Seminar: Gender Board Diversity through Ownership NetworksGRAPE
Seminar on gender diversity spillovers through ownership networks at FAME|GRAPE. Presenting novel research. Studies in economics and management using econometrics methods.
2. Impact of Brain-Based Learning Tools in Maintaining Cognitive Reserve of Dementia Patients -
Experimenting with the Application of 'Nasheed'
https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJM 2 editor@iaeme.com
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. Introduction to Cognitive Reserve
Cognitive reserve (CR) refers to individual differences in how specific tasks that are performed
during earlier periods of our lives allow some people to be more resilient than others when they
get dementia or aging disease, Stern (2002). CR was found to slow cognitive aging or reduce
the risk of dementia, Barnett et al. (2006). This is a very important hypothesis need to be
thoroughly investigated as the world is going rapidly towards aging economy, Buheji (2021).
Higher CR was found to mediate between brain damage and cognitive performance,
representing a protective factor against cognitive dysfunction. However, advanced brain
atrophy can suppress this protective function, which points to the importance of early
intervention strategies, Sprenger (1999). In a study published in the Lancet, Stern (2012)
mentioned that cognitive reserve (CR) can play a role in allowing dementia and geriatric
patients to cope better than others with similar brain damage diseases. Gurland (1981).
2.2. Importance of Cognitive Reserve
The concept of the cognitive reserve has been put forward to account for individual differences
in susceptibility to age-related brain changes and pathologic changes such as those that occur
in dementia diseases. The presence of CR suggests that the brain actively attempts to cope with
brain damage by using pre-existing cognitive processing approaches, or by enlisting
compensatory approaches. Barnett et al. (2006).
This would allow an individual with high CR to better cope with the brain damage than an
individual with lower CR. In CR, brain function rather than brain size is the relevant variable,
Stern (2009). Thus, the CR is an active form of reserve that compensate for the same amount
of brain damage, or deforms in pathology, and even when brain size is held constant. Stern
(2002)
2.3. Physiology of Cognitive Reserve in Dementia Patients
In brain reserve, stimulating environments foster the growth of new neurons in the form of
neurogenesis, which fosters neural plasticity, Valenzuela and Sachdev (2005). Still, while in
some ways interdependent, brain reserve and CR make independent in addition to synergistic
contributions to understanding individual differences in clinical resilience to brain pathology.
Stern (2009).
Studies show that exercises that are cognitively stimulating activities may slow the rate of
hippocampal atrophy in normal aging. While these ideas are promising and intriguing, they are
beyond the scope of the current review, which will be limited to how CR may help cope with
brain changes once they develop. The assumption sees that disease pathology slowly develops
over time independently of CR. Stern (2002)
2.4. Role of Education and Occupational Attainment in Cognitive Reserve
Stern (2012) emphasis that individuals aged 60 years or older with less education had 2.2 times
higher risk of developing dementia compared to those with more education and occupational
attainment. This is supported by the US based census, which found that those elderly with low
lifetime occupational attainment had 2.25 times greater risk of developing dementia than those
with higher lifetime occupational attainment. The implication of these findings was that
educational and occupational experiences imparted a reserve against the expression of dementia
pathology. Gurland (1981)
3. Mohamed Buheji
https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJM 3 editor@iaeme.com
2.5. Role of Leisure Activities in Building Cognitive Reserve
Studies show that there are certain activities that increase our CR, if done earlier and continued
beyond sixty years old. Knitting, music, walking, visiting or being visited by friends or
relatives, all found to play a role in better CR. Other activities as going to movies, or restaurants,
or sporting events, reading magazines or newspapers, and reading a book, also found to be
important to aging patients. Scarmeas et al. (2001)
Music and songs like ‘nasheed’ appear to be a unique and powerful stimulus for reaffirming
personal identity and social connectedness in individuals with dementia, Devere (2017). In a
previous study published by the author, Buheji (2020) found that watching or listening to
selective songs on YouTube. Also, the research found that the community using games that
excite fluid thinking besides going to worship in the mosque raised the CR. Such leisure
activities are found to have 38% less risk of developing dementia, as Valenzuela and Sachdev
(2005). The effects of lifelong learning, continuous education, and previous occupation, besides
the level of mental activities, were found to reduce the incidences of dementia symptoms, due
to the protective effect of the CR in decreasing the risks of dementia behaviours. Valenzuela
and Sachdev (2005)
2.6. Neural Mechanisms Underlying Cognitive Reserve
As mentioned earlier, cognitive reserve (CR) refers to individual differences in how tasks are
performed that may allow some people to be more resilient than others. The concept of
cognitive reserve holds out the promise of interventions that could slow cognitive aging or
reduce the risk of dementia and similar functional constraining diseases, Sumowsk et al. (2009).
Stern (2002) was one of the earlier researchers who proposed the concept of reserve and
explained why it triggers individual differences in susceptibility to age-related brain changes
and specifically dementia-related diseases. Stern saw that CR might be the reason why some
people can tolerate some of the changes in their brain still maintain function. Later, more studies
suggest that lifetime exposures, including educational, occupational attainment, and leisure
activities in late life, can increase this CR. Scarmeas et al. (2001)
The neural mechanism works on the possibility of a connection between life experience,
and the prevalence of dementia can be supported by a cognitive reserve (CR), Steffener et al.
(2011). Stern has seen that their neural networks underlying task performance can be the main
cause for such differentiation. The tentative explanation presumes that higher CR help to
tolerate more pathological changes, so the point at which cognitive functions begin to be
affected will be later than in those with lower CR. Sumowsk et al. (2009)
The key idea behind neural reserve is that CR might be mediated by the same networks that
are utilised by individuals in the absence of age-or disease-related pathology. For example, the
differential efficiency or capacity of these networks may account for individual differences in
performance as well as individual differences in the ability to cope with brain change.
Individuals with a high reserve will not demonstrate disease-related clinical symptoms as early
as individuals with low levels of the reserve.
2.7. Realising the Brain-based Learning Tools for Dementia Patients
Devere (2017) seen that even though the explicit memory that is used for events, knowledge,
and reasoning would gradually disappear, as dementia disease advances, certain activities
remain preserved in most instances and are very resistant to decline. Among these activities, he
mentioned enjoying music. The reason, as per Devere, is that music, and in our case, ‘nasheed’
is an activity that depends on procedural memory and where reasoning is not involved in the
process. This might synchronise with the brain-based learning theory, which focuses on using
the functioning of the brain to build new meaningful learning. Using how the brain works,
4. Impact of Brain-Based Learning Tools in Maintaining Cognitive Reserve of Dementia Patients -
Experimenting with the Application of 'Nasheed'
https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJM 4 editor@iaeme.com
brain-based learning works on discovering the ways of maximum learning through emphasising
on both explicit and procedural memory. Caine and Caine (1994).
Making connections among knowledge (including previous experiences) is essential in
meaningful learning, which is highly needed for information retrieval. The meaningful learning
in the context of lifelike and enriching experiences uses how the brain learns. Brain-based
learning accepts the rules of brain processing and organising the cognitive reserve in mind,
Caine and Caine (1994). It is a concept which tells how the fusion of common sense, human
experiences and brain research produces useful tools and principles for the classroom
environment. It does not give us a map to follow. But it provides us to think about the structure
of our brain at the stage of making a decision. In short, brain-based learning is to learn with the
brain in our mind (Jensen, 2000). Sumowsk et al. (2009)
Advocates of brain-based learning now refer to neuroscience on how the brain learns in
effectively producing long-term learning. To build meaningful learning, relaxed alertness, and
total immersion with the subject are required. Jensen (2000), Caine and Caine (1994).
Songs or ‘nasheed’ are found to play part of the agitation management therapy, and can
complement other fluid thinking recreational activities, such as playing with puzzles and
squeezing a ball. Devere (2017) sees this especially true for dementia patients since they
respond better with individualized activities.
3. METHODOLOGY
The author refers to a case being researched and presented in detail in Buheji and Ahmed
(2021), Buheji (2020), Buheji and Buheji (2020). Being a close carer for dementia elderly
parent, the author explores in more detail the impact of 'nasheed' (Islamic songs) that focus on
exciting the soul and mind on the listener and bring more interaction to poem words. Devere
(2017).
The observations are presented in the case study to reflect the learning impact that improved
the cognitive reserve seen on the dementia parent during more than 18 months of consistent
interactions.
3. CASE STUDY
3.1. Notes on the Brain-Based Learning from Living as a Close Carer with an
Elderly Parent
Buheji and Ahmed (2021) mentioned their 18 months of experience and close observation notes
based on experiments to help develop the elderly parent cognitive functioning. The researcher
has seen in that study that as the elderly parent loses gradually control over their physical
abilities, independence, or cognitive abilities, their world could become filled with more
unknowns; thus, he decided to trigger, or excite the capacity of attention, learning, and retrieval
of memory of the elderly parent, Sprenger (1999). The main theme of the different settings
reported in Buheji and Ahmed (2021) was to maintain the effectiveness of the dementia elderly
parent' cognitive functioning' and hopefully excite the 'cognitive reserve'. The other aim of this
exercise was to refresh the dementia parent mind and spirit, which might enhance their capacity
to associate, reason, and create judgments.
The other cognitive functioning that could enhance the cognitive reserve of the dementia
parent is the capacity to learn and to acquire new knowledge. The carer, as reported in Buheji
and Ahmed (2021), worked on raising the capacity of the mind to learn through altering the
way information is delivered using the simple language and techniques in the ‘nasheed’.
5. Mohamed Buheji
https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJM 5 editor@iaeme.com
Besides this, at least one game every two days were applied to keep the dementia parent feel
cognitively, or energetically challenged.
Buheji and Ahmed study confirms that working on sharpening the mental alertness and the
ability to learn new material, clearly raised the capacity for decisions by the dementia parent.
The researcher in this case study confirms that this is still the case, and he believes that altering
the way information is delivered is found to raise the dementia parent capacity to learn and
enhance also the parent' attention span'.
3.2. Role of 'Nasheed' in Relaxed Alertness towards Easy Comprehension in
Dementia Patients
The author reports a personal experience about the role of Islamic songs (called 'Nasheed'),
which are based on beautiful soul and belief words in meaningful learning for dementia patients,
Buheji and Ahmed (2021). Active listening and interacting with the 'nasheed' bring in two
important characteristics of being ready for comprehension through both the influence of
relaxation and innate motivation. 'Nasheed' provide a dementia patient the environment for
taking safe risks while interactively listening and reading the words of the song. These types of
songs that move the soul and the mind help the brain to accept the suitable level of learning
while being relaxed, and this enhances the stage of immersion.
However, the most immersion stage that was observed by the authors' case of a close
dementia patient is when these songs are written, and the patient focuses on the coming texts
while hearing the songs (the nasheed). This active processing activates the brain, moves the
innate knowledge to conceptually harmonious meanings. The author hypothesis that here
learning occurs where different neurons communicate with each other to fill the cognitive
reserve. Neuroscientists emphasise that learning occurs when a neuron sends a message to
another, Jensen (2000). The learning done through the 'nasheed' engages the entire physiology.
Sousa (2000).
The brain-based 'nasheed' emphasise emotions and create a thematic setting that
differentiates the interaction or learning, or the use of mental models that address the changing
learning environment of the brain.
4. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
4.1. Implication of this Study
The implication of this study suggests that exposing a dementia patient to brain-based learning
through 'nasheed' enhance the cognitive reserve and its capacity to get engaged in longer mental
exercises. However, the limitation her is that the details of what happens cognitively, or the
way neural mechanism during the 'nasheed' is beyond the scope of this conclusion.
As a synthesis from both the literature and the case study, figure (1) illustrates the perceived
mechanism of cognitive reserve in dementia patients when they get engaged with 'nasheed'.
This suggests that using brain-based learning triggered by 'nasheed' similar tools, as per the
culture suitable for the patient. Most important is that the tool should help toward building
meaningful knowledge that creates resilience in relevance to aging memory loss or dementia
diseases. Further studies are recommended to see if 'nasheed' and similar tools should be used
to reserve pre-existing cognitive networks and recruit compensatory resources within the
targeted patient.
6. Impact of Brain-Based Learning Tools in Maintaining Cognitive Reserve of Dementia Patients -
Experimenting with the Application of 'Nasheed'
https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJM 6 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 1 illustrates the Mechanism of Cognitive Reserve in Dementia Patients
4.2. Importance of Nasheed like Brain-based Learning for Maintenance of
Cognitive Reserve
This paper proposes 'nasheed' or similar like brain-based learning tools that could create a
holistic learning experience for the dementia patient where the mind interacts with the brain
functions processor and could have an influence on the role of the neuron in creating 'learning
through meaning'. The author hypothesises that 'nasheed' enhances the communication between
the neurons and overcome the physiological restrictions while maintaining the cognitive
reserve. The emotions and cognition created by 'nasheed' help the brain process and overcome
restrictions patterns around the CR. However, again this needs to be further investigated
through fMRI and other diagnostic tools.
'Nasheed' provides a learning setting that brings the dementia patient to better levels of both
focused attention, and optimises peripherals perception. The author calls for further studies to
the limitations of this paper and especially the role of the 'nasheed' and its like tools for
maintaining the dementia patient spatial memory.
Finally, the author recommends further studies on the levels of brain-based learning created
by the different 'nasheed' and its level of engagement, such as when the songs come with text
writing. This might bring insights for another line of study in the future in the field of optimising
cognitive reserve, especially we are going to be living in an aging economy soon.
REFERENCES
[1] Barnett JH, Salmond CH, Jones PB, Sahakian BJ. (2006) Cognitive reserve in neuropsychiatry.
Psychological Medicine. 36:1053–1064.
[2] Buheji, M (2020) Fluid Thinking for Ageing Parents – Compensating the Psychological Risks
of COVID-19 Pandemic Using Gamification, International Journal of Psychology and
Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 10 No. 4, pp. 93-99.
[3] Buheji, M (2021) Foresighting the Transformation Requirements towards 'Aging Economy',
International Journal of Management (IJM), 12(9), 2021, pp. 123-135.
7. Mohamed Buheji
https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJM 7 editor@iaeme.com
[4] Buheji, M and Ahmed, D (2021) Notes from Living as A Close Carer with an Elderly Parent-
Case Study and Observations. International Journal of Management (IJM), Volume 12, Issue
6, June 2021, pp. 131-143,
[5] Buheji, M and Buheji, A (2020) Intelligent Living with 'Ageing Parents' During COVID-19
Pandemic. International Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences; 10(3): 76-83.
[6] Caine, G. and Caine R. N. (1994), Making Connections: Teaching and the Human Brain Menlo
Park, CA: Addison-Wesley.
[7] Devere, R (2017) Music and Dementia: An Overview, Practical Neurology, June, pp. 31-35.
[8] Gurland, B. (1981) The borderlands of dementia: the influence of sociocultural characteristics
on rates of dementia occurring in the senium. Aging. 15:61–84.
[9] Jensen, E. (2000) Brain-based learning: a reality check, Educational Leadership, 57(7), 76-80.
[10] Scarmeas N, Levy G, Tang MX, Manly J, Stern Y. (2001) Influence of leisure activity on the
incidence of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 57(12):2236–2242.
[11] Sprenger, M. (1999) Learning and Memory: The Brain in Action, Alexandria Virginia. ASCD.
[12] Steffener J, Reuben A, Rakitin BC, Stern Y. (2011) Supporting performance in the face of age-
related neural changes: testing mechanistic roles of cognitive reserve. Brain Imaging Behav.
[13] Stern Y. (2002) What is cognitive reserve? Theory and research application of the reserve
concept. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. 8:448–460.
[14] Stern Y. (2009) Cognitive reserve. Neuropsychologia. 47:2015–2028.
[15] Stern, Y. (2012) Cognitive reserve in ageing and Alzheimer's disease. The Lancet. Neurology,
11(11), 1006–1012. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70191-6
[16] Sumowski JF, Chiaravalloti N, Deluca J. (2009) Cognitive reserve protects against cognitive
dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 31(8):913–926.
[17] Valenzuela MJ, Sachdev P. (2005) Brain reserve and dementia: a systematic review. Psychol
Med.25:1–14.