In the engineering sector today, the need to substitute for orthodox materials like
wood, aluminium, steel and concrete, has led to the invention of raw materials that
meet specific needs like hardiness-to-mass ratio, i.e. increased strength and light
weight, increased strength of impact, dimensional constancy and resistance to
corrosion. These materials are called composites. In this paper, we have assessed
several articles by a number of researchers on the impact of composites in the
manufacturing industry, making aluminium composites our focus. This review studied
the properties, behaviours, applications, advantages and setbacks, of aluminium
composites. From this study, it was observed that the automotive industry makes the
most use of aluminium composites, for the manufacture of parts like pistons and
connecting rods. However, processing of Al-dependent MMC’s is costlier than other
raw materials. And this is a major setback in the use of aluminium composites in the
manufacturing industry
2 67-1441091734-3. mech - ijmperd - frequency responses of aluminum a356Maher AL-Omari
The document discusses a study on the vibration characteristics of aluminum A356 composites reinforced with different materials. Aluminum A356 was used as the matrix material. High strength alloy particulates (HSAP) ranging from 5-15% were added as reinforcements using stir casting. Finite element analysis was used to model the samples and determine the natural frequencies and mode shapes. The results showed that natural frequency increased with increasing modulus of elasticity and decreasing density. Composites with 10% HSAP reinforcement exhibited the highest vibration properties compared to the other compositions studied. The reinforcement content and resulting material properties influenced the vibration behavior of the composites.
Development of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite Using Stir Casting Methodtheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
17. a review on electrical, thermal and wear behaviour of al6061 ag compositeNEERAJKUMAR1898
This document provides a review of the electrical, thermal, and wear behavior of an Al6061-Ag composite. It was produced using stir casting, which involves dispersing silver particles into molten aluminum alloy. Testing examined the composite's microstructure, density, electrical resistivity, and thermal behavior using differential scanning calorimetry. The composite showed improved mechanical properties, tribological behavior, and thermal and electrical conductivity compared to the base aluminum alloy due to the addition of silver particles.
Fabrication and Wear Behavior of Particulate Reinforced Metal Matrix Composit...IOSRJMCE
The composites refer to the material consisting of two or more individual constituents, in that the reinforcing particulates are embedded to the base matrix to form composite materials by improving the mechanical and tribological properties. Different types of composite materials are available and these are increasing because of their good enhanced properties, among these Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) finds its applications in various aspects like aerospace, automotive, defense, and marine etc. These improved properties are obtained from different form of particulates which are different in their aspect ratio are mixed with base material to provide good bonding and strength between them. To obtain these enhanced properties different manufacturing techniques are followed to prepare the composites. This paper presents an overview of types of composites, different fabrication techniques available to prepare the composites and also wear behavior of particulates reinforced MMC’s by studying different types of wear mechanism.
Fabrication, charecterization and development of high damping materials for n...eSAT Journals
Abstract Aluminum matrix composites are early inventions during 60’s. Presently these are used as railroad equipment and aerospace components. Their application has shown no further growth during the last decade due to lack of toughness. The non-compatibility between the matrix and the reinforcement and lack of good interface among these led to the reduced ductility levels. The limited solubility leads to the alloy formation passing solid solution strengthening while the un dissolved particles help achieving dispersion strengthening. Instead of taking ceramic particulates as reinforcements, metallic reinforcements were dispersed in aluminium matrix. Damping characteristics were calculated for the alloy and composites. Suitable heat treatment enhances the properties of the composite further. The expected mechanical properties will be higher than the regular alloys, which can be useful for various components in naval applications where high damping is required. Keywords: Dispersion Strengthening, Damping.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This document summarizes research on metal casting and metal matrix composites. It provides an overview of different materials, focusing on aluminum and aluminum alloys. It discusses the properties and processing methods of metal matrix composites, including fabrication techniques like powder metallurgy, diffusion bonding, and liquid-state processes. Applications are reviewed across industries like aerospace, automotive, electrical, and more. The document concludes that metal matrix composites offer improved properties and are being increasingly used in high performance applications.
IRJET-Fabrication And Testing Of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites Through St...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the fabrication and testing of aluminum metal matrix composites produced through stir casting technique. Magnesium and zinc particles were added to an aluminum alloy 6061 at volume fractions of 3%, 6%, and 9%. The composites were tested for tensile strength, compression strength, hardness, and bending. Tensile testing showed that ultimate tensile strength increased with higher particle content, reaching a maximum of 26.211 MPa for the 9% composite. Compression testing yielded a maximum strength of 20.976 MPa also for the 9% composite. Hardness values ranged from 104-119 Vickers hardness. The study concluded that stir casting can successfully produce aluminum composites with improved mechanical properties over the unreinforced alloy
2 67-1441091734-3. mech - ijmperd - frequency responses of aluminum a356Maher AL-Omari
The document discusses a study on the vibration characteristics of aluminum A356 composites reinforced with different materials. Aluminum A356 was used as the matrix material. High strength alloy particulates (HSAP) ranging from 5-15% were added as reinforcements using stir casting. Finite element analysis was used to model the samples and determine the natural frequencies and mode shapes. The results showed that natural frequency increased with increasing modulus of elasticity and decreasing density. Composites with 10% HSAP reinforcement exhibited the highest vibration properties compared to the other compositions studied. The reinforcement content and resulting material properties influenced the vibration behavior of the composites.
Development of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite Using Stir Casting Methodtheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
17. a review on electrical, thermal and wear behaviour of al6061 ag compositeNEERAJKUMAR1898
This document provides a review of the electrical, thermal, and wear behavior of an Al6061-Ag composite. It was produced using stir casting, which involves dispersing silver particles into molten aluminum alloy. Testing examined the composite's microstructure, density, electrical resistivity, and thermal behavior using differential scanning calorimetry. The composite showed improved mechanical properties, tribological behavior, and thermal and electrical conductivity compared to the base aluminum alloy due to the addition of silver particles.
Fabrication and Wear Behavior of Particulate Reinforced Metal Matrix Composit...IOSRJMCE
The composites refer to the material consisting of two or more individual constituents, in that the reinforcing particulates are embedded to the base matrix to form composite materials by improving the mechanical and tribological properties. Different types of composite materials are available and these are increasing because of their good enhanced properties, among these Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) finds its applications in various aspects like aerospace, automotive, defense, and marine etc. These improved properties are obtained from different form of particulates which are different in their aspect ratio are mixed with base material to provide good bonding and strength between them. To obtain these enhanced properties different manufacturing techniques are followed to prepare the composites. This paper presents an overview of types of composites, different fabrication techniques available to prepare the composites and also wear behavior of particulates reinforced MMC’s by studying different types of wear mechanism.
Fabrication, charecterization and development of high damping materials for n...eSAT Journals
Abstract Aluminum matrix composites are early inventions during 60’s. Presently these are used as railroad equipment and aerospace components. Their application has shown no further growth during the last decade due to lack of toughness. The non-compatibility between the matrix and the reinforcement and lack of good interface among these led to the reduced ductility levels. The limited solubility leads to the alloy formation passing solid solution strengthening while the un dissolved particles help achieving dispersion strengthening. Instead of taking ceramic particulates as reinforcements, metallic reinforcements were dispersed in aluminium matrix. Damping characteristics were calculated for the alloy and composites. Suitable heat treatment enhances the properties of the composite further. The expected mechanical properties will be higher than the regular alloys, which can be useful for various components in naval applications where high damping is required. Keywords: Dispersion Strengthening, Damping.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This document summarizes research on metal casting and metal matrix composites. It provides an overview of different materials, focusing on aluminum and aluminum alloys. It discusses the properties and processing methods of metal matrix composites, including fabrication techniques like powder metallurgy, diffusion bonding, and liquid-state processes. Applications are reviewed across industries like aerospace, automotive, electrical, and more. The document concludes that metal matrix composites offer improved properties and are being increasingly used in high performance applications.
IRJET-Fabrication And Testing Of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites Through St...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the fabrication and testing of aluminum metal matrix composites produced through stir casting technique. Magnesium and zinc particles were added to an aluminum alloy 6061 at volume fractions of 3%, 6%, and 9%. The composites were tested for tensile strength, compression strength, hardness, and bending. Tensile testing showed that ultimate tensile strength increased with higher particle content, reaching a maximum of 26.211 MPa for the 9% composite. Compression testing yielded a maximum strength of 20.976 MPa also for the 9% composite. Hardness values ranged from 104-119 Vickers hardness. The study concluded that stir casting can successfully produce aluminum composites with improved mechanical properties over the unreinforced alloy
A Review of the Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite and its PropertiesIRJET Journal
1) The document reviews aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMC), which combine an aluminum matrix with reinforcements like silicon carbide, graphite, and fly ash.
2) AMMCs offer benefits like high strength, low density, good wear resistance, and are used in automotive, aerospace, and other industrial applications.
3) Stir casting is commonly used to manufacture AMMCs and results in improved properties when the reinforcements are uniformly dispersed in the aluminum matrix.
Preparation of metal matrix composites by stir-casting methodIAEME Publication
The document discusses the preparation of metal-matrix composites (MMCs) using the stir-casting method. Specifically, it focuses on producing aluminum-silicon carbide (AlSiC) MMCs. Six samples were created with varying silicon carbide percentages from 5-30%. The samples were then tested for hardness, impact strength, and microscopic examination. Stir-casting is described as a process that involves continuously stirring reinforcing particles into molten metal before pouring and solidification. The document provides details on the equipment and process used, including a graphite crucible, coal-fired furnace, motorized stirrer, and raw materials of aluminum and silicon carbide.
The document discusses the manufacturing of an aluminium matrix composite using stir casting. Stir casting involves dispersing a ceramic reinforcement (in this case alumina) into molten aluminium alloy using mechanical stirring. Several process parameters for stir casting are outlined, including a stirring speed of 300 rpm, temperature of 800°C, and stirring time of 5 minutes. The experimental setup used involved heating aluminium alloy to melting, adding 1% magnesium as a wetting agent, and adding preheated alumina reinforcement during stirring. The molten composite was then poured into a preheated mold. The summary concludes that stir casting is a cost-effective method for producing aluminium matrix composites with uniform distribution of reinforcement and enhanced mechanical properties.
Review of Effective Parameters of Stir Casting Process on Metallurgical Prope...iosrjce
This document reviews the stir casting process for producing aluminum metal matrix composites reinforced with ceramic particles. It discusses key parameters of the stir casting process that must be properly controlled, including stirrer design and speed, stirring temperature and time, reinforcement feed rate, and pouring temperature. The document summarizes research on using stir casting to fabricate aluminum composites with ceramic particles like silicon carbide. Studies found that stir casting can successfully disperse ceramic particles in an aluminum matrix when parameters are optimized. Increased reinforcement content and smaller particle sizes made processing more difficult and increased porosity.
Aluminium Based Metal Matrix Composites for Aerospace Application: A Literatu...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This document summarizes a study on the production and properties of aluminum-fly ash composite materials. Fly ash, a byproduct of coal combustion, was added to an aluminum matrix at concentrations from 5-20% by weight using stir casting. The composites were characterized for hardness, tensile strength, and density. Hardness and tensile strength increased with fly ash content up to 15%, while density decreased with increased fly ash loading. The maximum properties were obtained at a 15% fly ash composition, indicating potential use of these aluminum-fly ash composites in applications seeking improved mechanical properties at lower weight.
IRJET- Investigating Numerical and Experimental Analysis on Convection Heat T...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an investigation into the fabrication and analysis of an aluminum metal matrix composite reinforced with iron oxide. Aluminum 7075 was used as the base metal matrix, and iron oxide (magnetite) was added as reinforcement in proportions of 2%, 6%, and 10% by weight. The composites were fabricated using liquid metallurgy and stir casting. Tests were conducted to analyze the convection heat transfer properties of the composites using a pin-fin apparatus and compared to numerical analysis using ANSYS software. The composites have potential applications in aeronautics, automotive, and other industries due to their improved properties over the base aluminum alloy.
Experimental Study of Wear Rate Coefficient of Aluminium Hybrid Composites Ma...AM Publications
In current decade, demand in material characteristics like light weight, superior strength to weight ratio, improved surface properties and enhanced wear resistance for complex engineering applications like automobile, aerospace and nuclear are researcher’s interest. However, performance of hybrid composites depends on right combination of reinforcements. Silicon carbide, silicon nitride, boron nitride and titanium carbide are few reinforcements available at present. In this work, Al356 is reinforced with SiC and B4C to enhance the mechanical properties, surface hardness and wear resistance. This hybrid composite is prepared by stir casting technique and the morphology of composite is studied using optical microscope to investigate the dispersion of reinforcements. In the present study, the wear and friction characteristics of hybrid composites are investigated using pin on disc dry wear tests by varying the load and speed and the results are tabulated for load vs mass loss, load vs wear rate and load vs wear coefficient. The results report that wear rate of hybrid composites are lower than that of binary composites. Mechanical properties, surface hardness and wear characteristics of aluminium hybrid composites are compared with that of aluminium binary composites available at present.
Preparation and Characterization of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite by using...IRJET Journal
1. The document describes the preparation and characterization of an aluminium metal matrix composite reinforced with welding slag using stir casting technique. Composites with 5%, 7%, and 9% weight fractions of welding slag particles were produced.
2. Hardness testing found that the hardness increased with increasing weight fraction of welding slag reinforcement. The unreinforced Al6061 alloy had a hardness of 95 BHN while the composite with 9% welding slag particles achieved a hardness of 96.9 BHN.
3. The study demonstrated that welding slag particles can effectively improve the hardness of an aluminium metal matrix composite when incorporated using stir casting, indicating potential applications where increased strength is required.
ALUMINIUM METAL MATRIX COMPOSITE BY STIR CASTING METHODSNEERAJKUMAR1898
This document provides an introduction and literature review on graphite-based aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMCs). It discusses how AMMCs overcome limitations of conventional materials by combining high strength, stiffness, and low density. The document reviews various fabrication techniques for AMMCs and their applications in industries like aerospace and automotive. It summarizes past research that studied mechanical properties of different AMMC compositions and processing methods.
This document presents a project on aluminum metal matrix composites. It discusses why composite materials were chosen as the major project topic due to their properties like high strength and stiffness. It then provides an overview of applications of composites in various industries. The document outlines the plan of presentation which includes introducing metal matrix composites and aluminum MMCs as well as discussing the materials, manufacturing process, and conclusions from previous work.
This document summarizes a research study on producing an aluminum metal matrix composite with dual reinforcement of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and silicon carbide particles. Aluminum powder was mechanically milled with varying volumes of MWCNTs and SiC to improve dispersion of the nanotubes. The composite powders were then hot pressed into pellets and characterized. SEM images showed the SiC helped disperse the MWCNTs in the aluminum matrix. Hardness testing found the dual reinforced composites had significantly higher hardness than pure aluminum. The study demonstrated that powder metallurgy can be used to fabricate aluminum composites with improved properties through MWCNT and SiC reinforcement.
Studies On Microstructure And Mechanical Properties Of Flyash Reinforced Al20...dbpublications
The aim is to study the mechanical property and Tribological behavior of Al2024/flyash composite with various weight fractions (3%, 6%, 9%) were prepared by squeeze casting method. The average particle size of flyash is 45-50 μm. In addition, Al2024 alloys were cast for comparison purposes. Microstructure, hardness and tensile properties of these composites were evaluated and compared with as-cast alloy and the composites. In addition, tribological properties of these composites were evaluated using a Pin-on-Disc apparatus with different parameters of varying loads of 10N and 50N and(with constant parameters such as time of 10 minutes, sliding velocity of 3 m/s, track diameter of 150mm).The microstructure of the composites shows homogenous distribution of flyash particles in the Al matrix composite. The wear and mechanical properties of composites improve with increasing the weight fraction of flyash. The aim of present study is to evaluate the effect of microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of aluminium alloy Al2024/flyash metal matrix composites
Study of Wear Behavior of Aluminum based MMCs using Taguchi MethodsRSIS International
composite material is a material system composed of a mixture or combination of two or more micro or macro constituents that differ in form and chemical composition and which are essentially insoluble in each other. Stir casting method is used to fabricate Metal Matrix composites (MMCs) having fly ash in 3, 6, 9 wt% and e-glass fibre in 3 wt%. The dry sliding wear tests were conducted on composite material using a pin-on-disc wear testing setup with a normal pin load of 20N, 40N and 60N, and wear rate for each load is calculated for different sliding speeds. Analytical modelling of composite material is carried out by Taguchi’s design of experiments (DOE) using L27 orthogonal array. The experimental results were transformed into a signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the design parameters significantly influencing the wear rate of the composite material. Based on the experimental results, a multiple linear regression model was developed. A regression equation thus generated establishes correlation between the significant terms obtained from ANOVA, namely, load, sliding speed, fly ash content and their interactions. In order to validate the regression model, confirmation wear tests were conducted with parameter levels that were different from those used for analysis. The error associated with the relationship between the experimental values and the computed values of the regression model for hybrid composites was around ±5%.
A Review on Mechanical and Wear Behaviour of Aluminium Metal Matrix CompositesIRJET Journal
This document reviews the mechanical and wear behavior of aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMCs). It discusses various fabrication techniques for AMMCs, with stir casting being the most commonly used due to its low cost and simplicity. The document evaluates literature on the mechanical properties and wear resistance of different AMMC materials and compositions fabricated by various methods. In general, adding ceramic reinforcements like silicon carbide and aluminum oxide improves the hardness and wear resistance of aluminum composites compared to the unreinforced alloy.
Design and Fabrication of a Stir Casting Furnace Set-UpIJERA Editor
Now-a-days a large variety of heating techniques/furnaces are available. There may be many method for supplying heat to the work but heat is produced either by combustion of fuel or electric resistance heating. Taking into consideration the effect of cost, safety, simplicity and ease of construction we are going for an electrical resistance heating furnace with indirect heating provisions. The stir casting furnace has two main parts that enable to perform all its operations, they are: Furnace Elements and Control Panel. This paper shows the design and fabrication of stir-casting furnace and aluminium melted and casted to form.
IRJET- Study the Mechanical Properties of Jute and Sisal Fiber Reinforced...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the mechanical properties of hybrid composite materials reinforced with jute and sisal fibers. The study prepared composite samples using a hand layup process with jute and sisal fibers set in epoxy resin. The samples underwent mechanical tests to analyze properties like flexibility, hardness, compressive and impact loading. Both experimental and simulated ANSYS results were compared. The materials used were epoxy resin, jute fiber, sisal fiber. The composites showed improved mechanical properties over the individual fibers alone, with properties dependent on fiber orientation within the composite.
An Overview on Different Processing Parameters in Particulate Reinforced Meta...IJERA Editor
In the past few years the global need for reduced weight, low cost, high wear resistance and good quality materials has caused a shift in research from monolithic to composite materials. Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) have evoked a keen interest in recent times for potential applications in marine, aerospace and automotive industries owing to their superior strength to weight ratio and high temperature resistance. Driving force for the utilization of AMCs include performance, economic and environmental benefits. The widespread adoption of particulate metal matrix composites for engineering applications has been hindered by the high cost of producing components. Achieving a uniform distribution of reinforcement within the matrix is one such challenge which impacts directly on the properties and quality of the composite material. In the case of particle reinforced metal matrix composites, the distribution of the reinforcement particles in the matrix alloy is influenced by several factors during casting. These include the rheological behaviour of the matrix melt, the particle incorporation method, interactions of the particles and the matrix before, during and after mixing, and the changing particle distribution during solidification. In this paper, research relevant to these factors which influences the particle distribution is reviewed and discussed in order to achieve a good distribution of reinforcement particles in a cast metal matrix composite (MMC).
This document reviews the stir casting process for producing aluminum metal matrix composites reinforced with ceramic particles. It discusses key parameters of the stir casting process that must be properly controlled, including stirrer design and speed, stirring temperature and time, reinforcement feed rate, and pouring temperature. The document summarizes research on using stir casting to fabricate aluminum composites reinforced with silicon carbide particles, where factors like reinforcement volume ratio and particle size were investigated. The summary concludes that stir casting is an effective and economical technique for producing aluminum metal matrix composites when process parameters are properly optimized.
This document reviews the stir casting process for producing aluminum metal matrix composites reinforced with ceramic particles. It discusses key parameters of the stir casting process that must be controlled, including stirrer design and speed, stirring temperature and time, reinforcement feed rate, and pouring temperature. The document summarizes several studies that used stir casting to fabricate aluminum composites with ceramic particles like silicon carbide and found they could achieve homogeneous dispersion of particles in the aluminum matrix when properly controlling the various stir casting parameters. Increasing the ceramic particle content was found to improve properties up to a point but higher levels led to more porosity and clustering of particles.
This document reviews research on aluminum metal matrix composites reinforced with particulate materials. Stir casting is identified as the most common and cost-effective fabrication method. Studies have found that decreasing particle size and increasing the percentage of reinforcement leads to increases in hardness and tensile strength of the composites. Specifically, aluminum composites reinforced with 15% volume fraction of TiB2 particles showed over two times increase in tensile and yield strengths but 68% decrease in ductility compared to the aluminum alloy matrix. Adding 4% copper to the aluminum matrix along with 10% volume fraction of TiB2 reinforcement further improved tensile and yield strengths by factors of 2.5 and 2.8 respectively while maintaining higher ductility.
A Review of the Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite and its PropertiesIRJET Journal
1) The document reviews aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMC), which combine an aluminum matrix with reinforcements like silicon carbide, graphite, and fly ash.
2) AMMCs offer benefits like high strength, low density, good wear resistance, and are used in automotive, aerospace, and other industrial applications.
3) Stir casting is commonly used to manufacture AMMCs and results in improved properties when the reinforcements are uniformly dispersed in the aluminum matrix.
Preparation of metal matrix composites by stir-casting methodIAEME Publication
The document discusses the preparation of metal-matrix composites (MMCs) using the stir-casting method. Specifically, it focuses on producing aluminum-silicon carbide (AlSiC) MMCs. Six samples were created with varying silicon carbide percentages from 5-30%. The samples were then tested for hardness, impact strength, and microscopic examination. Stir-casting is described as a process that involves continuously stirring reinforcing particles into molten metal before pouring and solidification. The document provides details on the equipment and process used, including a graphite crucible, coal-fired furnace, motorized stirrer, and raw materials of aluminum and silicon carbide.
The document discusses the manufacturing of an aluminium matrix composite using stir casting. Stir casting involves dispersing a ceramic reinforcement (in this case alumina) into molten aluminium alloy using mechanical stirring. Several process parameters for stir casting are outlined, including a stirring speed of 300 rpm, temperature of 800°C, and stirring time of 5 minutes. The experimental setup used involved heating aluminium alloy to melting, adding 1% magnesium as a wetting agent, and adding preheated alumina reinforcement during stirring. The molten composite was then poured into a preheated mold. The summary concludes that stir casting is a cost-effective method for producing aluminium matrix composites with uniform distribution of reinforcement and enhanced mechanical properties.
Review of Effective Parameters of Stir Casting Process on Metallurgical Prope...iosrjce
This document reviews the stir casting process for producing aluminum metal matrix composites reinforced with ceramic particles. It discusses key parameters of the stir casting process that must be properly controlled, including stirrer design and speed, stirring temperature and time, reinforcement feed rate, and pouring temperature. The document summarizes research on using stir casting to fabricate aluminum composites with ceramic particles like silicon carbide. Studies found that stir casting can successfully disperse ceramic particles in an aluminum matrix when parameters are optimized. Increased reinforcement content and smaller particle sizes made processing more difficult and increased porosity.
Aluminium Based Metal Matrix Composites for Aerospace Application: A Literatu...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This document summarizes a study on the production and properties of aluminum-fly ash composite materials. Fly ash, a byproduct of coal combustion, was added to an aluminum matrix at concentrations from 5-20% by weight using stir casting. The composites were characterized for hardness, tensile strength, and density. Hardness and tensile strength increased with fly ash content up to 15%, while density decreased with increased fly ash loading. The maximum properties were obtained at a 15% fly ash composition, indicating potential use of these aluminum-fly ash composites in applications seeking improved mechanical properties at lower weight.
IRJET- Investigating Numerical and Experimental Analysis on Convection Heat T...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an investigation into the fabrication and analysis of an aluminum metal matrix composite reinforced with iron oxide. Aluminum 7075 was used as the base metal matrix, and iron oxide (magnetite) was added as reinforcement in proportions of 2%, 6%, and 10% by weight. The composites were fabricated using liquid metallurgy and stir casting. Tests were conducted to analyze the convection heat transfer properties of the composites using a pin-fin apparatus and compared to numerical analysis using ANSYS software. The composites have potential applications in aeronautics, automotive, and other industries due to their improved properties over the base aluminum alloy.
Experimental Study of Wear Rate Coefficient of Aluminium Hybrid Composites Ma...AM Publications
In current decade, demand in material characteristics like light weight, superior strength to weight ratio, improved surface properties and enhanced wear resistance for complex engineering applications like automobile, aerospace and nuclear are researcher’s interest. However, performance of hybrid composites depends on right combination of reinforcements. Silicon carbide, silicon nitride, boron nitride and titanium carbide are few reinforcements available at present. In this work, Al356 is reinforced with SiC and B4C to enhance the mechanical properties, surface hardness and wear resistance. This hybrid composite is prepared by stir casting technique and the morphology of composite is studied using optical microscope to investigate the dispersion of reinforcements. In the present study, the wear and friction characteristics of hybrid composites are investigated using pin on disc dry wear tests by varying the load and speed and the results are tabulated for load vs mass loss, load vs wear rate and load vs wear coefficient. The results report that wear rate of hybrid composites are lower than that of binary composites. Mechanical properties, surface hardness and wear characteristics of aluminium hybrid composites are compared with that of aluminium binary composites available at present.
Preparation and Characterization of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite by using...IRJET Journal
1. The document describes the preparation and characterization of an aluminium metal matrix composite reinforced with welding slag using stir casting technique. Composites with 5%, 7%, and 9% weight fractions of welding slag particles were produced.
2. Hardness testing found that the hardness increased with increasing weight fraction of welding slag reinforcement. The unreinforced Al6061 alloy had a hardness of 95 BHN while the composite with 9% welding slag particles achieved a hardness of 96.9 BHN.
3. The study demonstrated that welding slag particles can effectively improve the hardness of an aluminium metal matrix composite when incorporated using stir casting, indicating potential applications where increased strength is required.
ALUMINIUM METAL MATRIX COMPOSITE BY STIR CASTING METHODSNEERAJKUMAR1898
This document provides an introduction and literature review on graphite-based aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMCs). It discusses how AMMCs overcome limitations of conventional materials by combining high strength, stiffness, and low density. The document reviews various fabrication techniques for AMMCs and their applications in industries like aerospace and automotive. It summarizes past research that studied mechanical properties of different AMMC compositions and processing methods.
This document presents a project on aluminum metal matrix composites. It discusses why composite materials were chosen as the major project topic due to their properties like high strength and stiffness. It then provides an overview of applications of composites in various industries. The document outlines the plan of presentation which includes introducing metal matrix composites and aluminum MMCs as well as discussing the materials, manufacturing process, and conclusions from previous work.
This document summarizes a research study on producing an aluminum metal matrix composite with dual reinforcement of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and silicon carbide particles. Aluminum powder was mechanically milled with varying volumes of MWCNTs and SiC to improve dispersion of the nanotubes. The composite powders were then hot pressed into pellets and characterized. SEM images showed the SiC helped disperse the MWCNTs in the aluminum matrix. Hardness testing found the dual reinforced composites had significantly higher hardness than pure aluminum. The study demonstrated that powder metallurgy can be used to fabricate aluminum composites with improved properties through MWCNT and SiC reinforcement.
Studies On Microstructure And Mechanical Properties Of Flyash Reinforced Al20...dbpublications
The aim is to study the mechanical property and Tribological behavior of Al2024/flyash composite with various weight fractions (3%, 6%, 9%) were prepared by squeeze casting method. The average particle size of flyash is 45-50 μm. In addition, Al2024 alloys were cast for comparison purposes. Microstructure, hardness and tensile properties of these composites were evaluated and compared with as-cast alloy and the composites. In addition, tribological properties of these composites were evaluated using a Pin-on-Disc apparatus with different parameters of varying loads of 10N and 50N and(with constant parameters such as time of 10 minutes, sliding velocity of 3 m/s, track diameter of 150mm).The microstructure of the composites shows homogenous distribution of flyash particles in the Al matrix composite. The wear and mechanical properties of composites improve with increasing the weight fraction of flyash. The aim of present study is to evaluate the effect of microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of aluminium alloy Al2024/flyash metal matrix composites
Study of Wear Behavior of Aluminum based MMCs using Taguchi MethodsRSIS International
composite material is a material system composed of a mixture or combination of two or more micro or macro constituents that differ in form and chemical composition and which are essentially insoluble in each other. Stir casting method is used to fabricate Metal Matrix composites (MMCs) having fly ash in 3, 6, 9 wt% and e-glass fibre in 3 wt%. The dry sliding wear tests were conducted on composite material using a pin-on-disc wear testing setup with a normal pin load of 20N, 40N and 60N, and wear rate for each load is calculated for different sliding speeds. Analytical modelling of composite material is carried out by Taguchi’s design of experiments (DOE) using L27 orthogonal array. The experimental results were transformed into a signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the design parameters significantly influencing the wear rate of the composite material. Based on the experimental results, a multiple linear regression model was developed. A regression equation thus generated establishes correlation between the significant terms obtained from ANOVA, namely, load, sliding speed, fly ash content and their interactions. In order to validate the regression model, confirmation wear tests were conducted with parameter levels that were different from those used for analysis. The error associated with the relationship between the experimental values and the computed values of the regression model for hybrid composites was around ±5%.
A Review on Mechanical and Wear Behaviour of Aluminium Metal Matrix CompositesIRJET Journal
This document reviews the mechanical and wear behavior of aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMCs). It discusses various fabrication techniques for AMMCs, with stir casting being the most commonly used due to its low cost and simplicity. The document evaluates literature on the mechanical properties and wear resistance of different AMMC materials and compositions fabricated by various methods. In general, adding ceramic reinforcements like silicon carbide and aluminum oxide improves the hardness and wear resistance of aluminum composites compared to the unreinforced alloy.
Design and Fabrication of a Stir Casting Furnace Set-UpIJERA Editor
Now-a-days a large variety of heating techniques/furnaces are available. There may be many method for supplying heat to the work but heat is produced either by combustion of fuel or electric resistance heating. Taking into consideration the effect of cost, safety, simplicity and ease of construction we are going for an electrical resistance heating furnace with indirect heating provisions. The stir casting furnace has two main parts that enable to perform all its operations, they are: Furnace Elements and Control Panel. This paper shows the design and fabrication of stir-casting furnace and aluminium melted and casted to form.
IRJET- Study the Mechanical Properties of Jute and Sisal Fiber Reinforced...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the mechanical properties of hybrid composite materials reinforced with jute and sisal fibers. The study prepared composite samples using a hand layup process with jute and sisal fibers set in epoxy resin. The samples underwent mechanical tests to analyze properties like flexibility, hardness, compressive and impact loading. Both experimental and simulated ANSYS results were compared. The materials used were epoxy resin, jute fiber, sisal fiber. The composites showed improved mechanical properties over the individual fibers alone, with properties dependent on fiber orientation within the composite.
An Overview on Different Processing Parameters in Particulate Reinforced Meta...IJERA Editor
In the past few years the global need for reduced weight, low cost, high wear resistance and good quality materials has caused a shift in research from monolithic to composite materials. Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) have evoked a keen interest in recent times for potential applications in marine, aerospace and automotive industries owing to their superior strength to weight ratio and high temperature resistance. Driving force for the utilization of AMCs include performance, economic and environmental benefits. The widespread adoption of particulate metal matrix composites for engineering applications has been hindered by the high cost of producing components. Achieving a uniform distribution of reinforcement within the matrix is one such challenge which impacts directly on the properties and quality of the composite material. In the case of particle reinforced metal matrix composites, the distribution of the reinforcement particles in the matrix alloy is influenced by several factors during casting. These include the rheological behaviour of the matrix melt, the particle incorporation method, interactions of the particles and the matrix before, during and after mixing, and the changing particle distribution during solidification. In this paper, research relevant to these factors which influences the particle distribution is reviewed and discussed in order to achieve a good distribution of reinforcement particles in a cast metal matrix composite (MMC).
This document reviews the stir casting process for producing aluminum metal matrix composites reinforced with ceramic particles. It discusses key parameters of the stir casting process that must be properly controlled, including stirrer design and speed, stirring temperature and time, reinforcement feed rate, and pouring temperature. The document summarizes research on using stir casting to fabricate aluminum composites reinforced with silicon carbide particles, where factors like reinforcement volume ratio and particle size were investigated. The summary concludes that stir casting is an effective and economical technique for producing aluminum metal matrix composites when process parameters are properly optimized.
This document reviews the stir casting process for producing aluminum metal matrix composites reinforced with ceramic particles. It discusses key parameters of the stir casting process that must be controlled, including stirrer design and speed, stirring temperature and time, reinforcement feed rate, and pouring temperature. The document summarizes several studies that used stir casting to fabricate aluminum composites with ceramic particles like silicon carbide and found they could achieve homogeneous dispersion of particles in the aluminum matrix when properly controlling the various stir casting parameters. Increasing the ceramic particle content was found to improve properties up to a point but higher levels led to more porosity and clustering of particles.
This document reviews research on aluminum metal matrix composites reinforced with particulate materials. Stir casting is identified as the most common and cost-effective fabrication method. Studies have found that decreasing particle size and increasing the percentage of reinforcement leads to increases in hardness and tensile strength of the composites. Specifically, aluminum composites reinforced with 15% volume fraction of TiB2 particles showed over two times increase in tensile and yield strengths but 68% decrease in ductility compared to the aluminum alloy matrix. Adding 4% copper to the aluminum matrix along with 10% volume fraction of TiB2 reinforcement further improved tensile and yield strengths by factors of 2.5 and 2.8 respectively while maintaining higher ductility.
IRJET- Analysis of Alsi10Mg-Quartz Composite Material for a Connecting RodIRJET Journal
This document discusses the analysis of an AlSi10Mg-Quartz composite material for use in connecting rods. Connecting rods are currently made of steel or aluminum alloys but this research aims to develop a composite material to reduce weight. The composite is made with AlSi10Mg as the matrix and quartz as reinforcement, produced using stir casting. Quartz is added in sizes of 10, 20 and 30 microns at compositions of 5, 10 and 15% by weight. The mechanical properties of the composite material are analyzed based on the quartz content. The increased quartz provides improved mechanical properties and microstructure over traditional connecting rod materials like steel and aluminum.
ANALYSIS OF MECHANICAL AND MICRO STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR OF AL BASED METAL MATRI...IAEME Publication
In recent years Metal matrix composites have been considered as one of the most important materials which offer excellent wear resistance and stiffness, low weight, economic and high
strength to weight ratio. Metal matrix composites (MMCs) reinforced with ball milled nano particles ,also called metal matrix –nano composite, are spreading rapidly in worldwide due to their various demands in the field of engineering and science like automobiles, aerospace, energy, defence,materials, electronics and bio technology.
Design and Fe Analysis of Composite Grid Structure for Skin Stiffening Applic...IRJET Journal
This document describes a finite element analysis of composite grid structures for use in skin stiffening applications. It provides background on grid structures, noting that they are shell-like structures that support the skin of a structure. When made of composites, grid structures can reduce weight and uniformly distribute loads for aerospace applications. The study aims to analyze an orthogrid and isogrid composite plate using FEA to evaluate deflection, stress, and stiffness-to-weight ratio when the skin thickness is varied. An overview of finite element analysis and the steps involved in an FEA are also provided.
Wear Analysis of Al7068 Metal Matrix Composite Reinforced with Silicon NitrideIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the wear performance of an aluminum alloy (Al7068) reinforced with silicon nitride at varying percentages. The composite material was fabricated using stir casting and tested using pin-on-disk wear analysis. The study found that adding silicon nitride improved the hardness and wear resistance of the aluminum alloy base material. Specifically, higher percentages of silicon nitride reinforcement resulted in less wear and better performance in applications involving friction and sliding contact. The composite material showed potential for use in automobile, aerospace, and marine applications requiring durability and strength.
This document evaluates the mechanical properties of aluminum 2024-based hybrid metal composites. It discusses how aluminum 2024 alloy is commonly used in aircraft structures due to its high strength and fatigue resistance. The document then describes creating aluminum 2024-based composites reinforced with E-glass fibers and fly ash using stir casting. Tensile and compression tests were performed on the composite materials and aluminum 2024 alloy to compare their mechanical properties. The results showed that the composite materials achieved better tensile and compression strength compared to aluminum 2024 alloy alone.
REVIEW ON EFFECT OF VARIOUS REINFORCEMENTS ON THE THERMAL PROPERTIES OF LM-25...IAEME Publication
For thermal management in applications like automobiles, aviation, marine etc. we need materials with high thermal conductivity, low coefficient of thermal expansion and at the same time the materials should have high strength, high corrosion resistance and low density. Aluminum alloys are excellent choices as the alloys possess all these properties. In order to improve the properties of the alloys further to make them more suitable for the applications, alloys are reinforced with different materials. This review focuses on influence on thermal properties of LM25 and some common light metal alloys reinforced with different materials, effect of heat and solution treatments on LM25/SiC MMC, effect of aging treatment on thermal fatigue of LM-25 alloy and the most common synthesis technique used
MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS IN METALIAEME Publication
Composite materials have gained traction in the world today and are becoming of common use in industrial and specialized applications in general due to their flexible nature that involves mixing through layers or matrixes the components of various substances and therefore, a percentage of each substance’s physical properties. In recent years there has been an increasing concern for industries to use cost effective reinforcement for metal materials like aluminum which is abundant cheap, with various desirable properties like its lightness, but lacks the strength for various applications – ceramic materials such as SiC and aluminum oxide are used generally for reinforcing the aluminum MMC. There is a good probability, backed up by tests for certain materials, that reinforcing metals with composites can increase failure displacement, fatigue life, ultimate failure load and energy absorption capacity, amongst many others by substantial amounts.
This document provides a review of the mechanical and tribological properties of stir cast aluminum matrix composites. It discusses how the stir casting process can incorporate particulate reinforcements like alumina, silicon carbide, and graphite into molten aluminum in a cheap and effective way. The document outlines that additions of alumina and silicon carbide have been shown to increase the mechanical properties and wear resistance of aluminum composites. It also reviews how modified stir casting techniques and use of hybrid reinforcements can further improve the distribution of particles and mechanical behavior of these materials.
IRJET- Review on Effect of Process Parameter on Mechanical Properties of AL-B...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the effect of process parameters on the mechanical properties of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs). It describes the stir casting process for producing Al-SiC MMCs and highlights several key parameters that influence the distribution of silicon carbide reinforcement and properties of the composites, including stirring speed, stirring time, temperature, stirrer design, pouring temperature, and mold temperature. Maintaining optimal levels of these parameters can lead to a more uniform dispersion of the reinforcement and improved mechanical properties.
a review performance study of electrochemical machining on metalNEERAJKUMAR1898
1) The document discusses aluminum matrix composites (AMCs), which have promising properties for industrial applications but are challenging to machine.
2) Electrochemical micromachining (EMM) is presented as a potential machining method for AMCs as it provides good surface finish, avoids tool wear and thermal damage, and can machine complex shapes in hard materials.
3) The document reviews literature on AMCs fabricated through stir casting, as well as experimental studies on EMM processes for micro-machining composites.
This document presents an overview of metal matrix composites (MMCs). It defines MMCs as composites with at least two constituent parts, one being a metal matrix and the other being another material like another metal, ceramic, or organic compound. The document discusses the composition, production, properties and applications of MMCs. It notes that MMCs combine properties like high strength and stiffness with lower density compared to unreinforced metals. Common reinforcement materials in MMCs include fibers of boron, silicon carbide, and alumina. The document outlines some important MMC systems and their advantages like higher temperature capability and strengths, as well as disadvantages like higher cost. Applications discussed include automotive and aerospace parts.
IRJET-Synthesis & Characterisation Of Epoxy Matrix Composites Filled With Alu...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research into synthesizing and characterizing epoxy matrix composites filled with aluminum powder. Epoxy resin was mixed with 2% aluminum powder and reinforced with glass fibers using the hand lay-up process. Specimens were tested for properties including tensile strength, yield point, breaking point, impact load, and hardness. Test results showed the composite had higher strength and stiffness compared to conventional materials, making it suitable for applications requiring those properties.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Analysis of Mechanical and Metallurgical properties of Al-SiCp Composite by S...IJRES Journal
This document analyzes the mechanical and metallurgical properties of an Al-SiCp composite produced using a squeeze-cum-stir casting technique. Samples were produced with 5%, 15%, and 25% SiCp by volume and tested for hardness, impact strength, and microstructure. Hardness and impact strength increased with higher SiCp content. Micrographs showed more homogeneous particle distribution for the 15% sample. The new casting technique was found to improve properties over conventional stir casting and reduce particle clustering even at high SiCp contents.
Advanced research progresses in aluminium metal matrix composites an overview8019383943
This document provides an overview of advanced research on aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMCs). It discusses that AMMCs offer improved mechanical and tribological properties over conventional metals and are well-suited for applications in automotive, aerospace, and defense industries due to properties like high strength and wear resistance. Common reinforcement materials used in AMMCs include SiC, Al2O3, TiB2, and B4C. Stir casting is a commonly used fabrication method that allows for a uniform dispersion of reinforcements in the aluminum alloy matrix. However, limitations include non-homogeneous particle distribution and wettability issues during casting.
Damping Of Composite Material Structures with Riveted JointsIJMER
Vibration and noise reduction are crucial in maintaining high performance level and
prolonging the useful life of machinery, automobiles, aerodynamic and spacecraft structures. It is
observed that damping in materials occur due to energy release due to micro-slips along frictional
interfaces and due to varying strain regions and interaction between the metals. But it was found
that the damping effect in metals is quite small that it can be neglected. Damping in metals is due to
the micro-slips along frictional interfaces. Composites, however, have better damping properties
than structural metals and cannot be neglected. Typically, the range of composite damping begins
where the best damped metal stops.In the present work, theoretical analysis was done on various
polymer matrix composite (glass fibre polyesters) with riveted joints by varying initial conditions.
Strain energy loss was calculated to calculate the damping in composites. Using FEA model, load
variation w.r.t time was observed and the strain energy loss calculated was utilised in finding the
material damping for Carbon fibre epoxy with riveted joints. Various simulations were performed in
ANSYS and these results were utilised to calculate the loss factor, Rayleigh‘s damping constants
and logarithmic decrement.
Similar to IMPACT OF AL-COMPOSITES IN THE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY: A NECCESSITY (20)
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
AI for Legal Research with applications, toolsmahaffeycheryld
AI applications in legal research include rapid document analysis, case law review, and statute interpretation. AI-powered tools can sift through vast legal databases to find relevant precedents and citations, enhancing research accuracy and speed. They assist in legal writing by drafting and proofreading documents. Predictive analytics help foresee case outcomes based on historical data, aiding in strategic decision-making. AI also automates routine tasks like contract review and due diligence, freeing up lawyers to focus on complex legal issues. These applications make legal research more efficient, cost-effective, and accessible.
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdfmahaffeycheryld
Generative AI solutions encompass a range of capabilities from content creation to complex problem-solving across industries. Implementing generative AI involves identifying specific business needs, developing tailored AI models using techniques like GANs and VAEs, and integrating these models into existing workflows. Data quality and continuous model refinement are crucial for effective implementation. Businesses must also consider ethical implications and ensure transparency in AI decision-making. Generative AI's implementation aims to enhance efficiency, creativity, and innovation by leveraging autonomous generation and sophisticated learning algorithms to meet diverse business challenges.
https://www.leewayhertz.com/generative-ai-use-cases-and-applications/
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Gas agency management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The project entitled "Gas Agency" is done to make the manual process easier by making it a computerized system for billing and maintaining stock. The Gas Agencies get the order request through phone calls or by personal from their customers and deliver the gas cylinders to their address based on their demand and previous delivery date. This process is made computerized and the customer's name, address and stock details are stored in a database. Based on this the billing for a customer is made simple and easier, since a customer order for gas can be accepted only after completing a certain period from the previous delivery. This can be calculated and billed easily through this. There are two types of delivery like domestic purpose use delivery and commercial purpose use delivery. The bill rate and capacity differs for both. This can be easily maintained and charged accordingly.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
2. Impact of Al-Composites in the Manufacturing Industry: A Neccessity
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business sector in countries that are developed [21]. Manufacturing industries are divided into
building construction industry, chemical industry, food and beverage industry, electronics
industry, telecommunications industry, engineering industry, metalworking industry, energy
industry, plastic industry, textile industry and transport industry [23] [31][46].
Silicon, Oxygen and Aluminium are the most abounding materials in the earth’s crust
[26]. The trademark features of aluminium that is, its high-quality strength to weight
proportion, its good ability to form, its good opposition to corrosion, and its reusing potential,
make it the perfect possibility to supplant heavier materials like copper and steel to react to
the weight decrease demand in the manufacturing industry [29]. However, since aluminium
and other conventional materials like steel, wood and concrete have been the custom materials
for a while, the necessity to bring together a few properties that are not usually found in a
single material, led to the invention of composites.
A blend of at least two materials or periods of a similar material, insoluble in each other,
with better properties when compared with any of the segment constituents is called a
composite material. Volume portion of part constituents ought to be over five percent (5%) of
aggregate amount and their characteristics must be unique in relation to each other. For the
most part, volume division of one constituent is essentially more than the volume divisions of
the others and that constituent is called a matrix [41]. Matrixes can either be earthenware,
polymer or metal.
Composites might be extensively classified into Metal Matrix Composites (MMC),
Polymer Matrix Composites (PMC) and Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMC), each matrix is
framed by consolidating at least two materials to accomplish improved and better properties
when related to their segment parts. Properties that are significant to all the classes are; low
thickness, improved quality and firmness, weight streamlined execution and high temperature
opposition.
These properties are pretty much broad necessities for all kinds of composites, however,
they may anyway be bestowed extra properties upgrade in special basic territories of uses,
outstandingly in the aviation area. The downsides of composites, however, for example,
decrease in toughness, when compared with the matrix alloy, variations in thermal properties,
advanced heterogeneity and more cost, are the main reasons for the drawbacks in its
application [13].
MMC’s (Metal Matrix composites) are intricate resources comprising of a volume portion
of unremitting and sporadic ceramic strengthening fibres put in the metallic alloy matrix [13].
AMMC’s have taken a lead in the applications region, the push being an army. The choice of
a specific framework require custom fitted relies upon the host of clashing necessities, which
a framework needs to fulfil. The generation and properties of a few aluminium matrix
composite either for constant fibre, irregular fibre or particulate strengthened is significantly
influenced by the fortifications. These property improvements because of the fortification are
contrasted with the matrix composites [13].
2. FINDINGS
Surappa [37], categorized AMMC’s into four types which are dependent on the class of
reinforcement.
PAMC’s (Particle-Reinforced Aluminium Metal Composites): contain equal ceramic
fortification with an aspect ratio not as much as 5.
SFAMC’s (Short fibre-Reinforced Aluminium Metal Composites): contain fortifications with
an aspect ratio more than 5 and are discontinuous.
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CFAMC’s (Continuous Fibre-Reinforced Aluminium Metal Composites): look like incessant
fibres of alumina, SiC or carbon with a smaller than 20µm diameter.
MFAMC’s (Mono filament-reinforced Aluminium Metal Composites): are higher distance
(100-150µm) fibres, which are manufactured by CVD (chemical vapour deposition) of either
B or SiC in a carbon fibre core.
Surappa. [37], further stated that the advantages of AMC’s related to its parent materials
are:
Measured thermal expansion coefficient.
Improved capacity of damping
Higher strength
Enhanced wear and abrasion resistance
Improved and tailored electrical performance
Greater stiffness factor
Reduced weight
Enhanced high temperature properties
Thermal or heat control
Management of mass (especially in reciprocating uses)
2.1. Casting Methods
Joel and Anthony Xavior [19], established that aluminium matrix composite can be processed
by:
Stir Casting: In stir casting, the supply of the fortification phase in a molten metal is
achieved by mixing it mechanically. This method is appropriate to produce composites with
volume fractions less than thirty percent (30%) of reinforcement. The concentration of the
particles is subject to the constraint of process and the behaviour of the material (i.e. strength
of mixing, wetting, relative density and rate of solidification).
Compo casting: In this method, the fortification is added while the melt is solidifying and
distressed well to share the particles. This process produced or provides better dispersal of the
fortification particles, minor shrinkage, improved wettability and lesser porosity.
Squeeze casting: In this process or method, the metal hardens because of the pressure
between the closed die halves. It is a mixture of gravity die casting and closed die forging
processes. This brings about an increase metal yield, minor shrinkage, fine surface finish and
reduced porosity. When it solidifies under pressure it results in an enhanced redefinition in
structure and a decrease in the magnitude of the grain.
Powder Metallurgy: This is the method of mixing advanced materials in powder form,
shaping them into a net shape and heating them in at a regulated temperature. The process has
been improved to produce near net shaped components by mixing elemental powders. The
process brings about the ability to combine a high-volume fraction with diverse fortifications
with matrix systems.
2.2. Methodologies from Previous Works
Manivannan and Sasikumar. [27], examined that most research work done on stir casting
method had two major problems or challenges which are poly-dispersed mixture of the
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reinforcement particles because of bad wettability in the blending or mixture of the
reinforcement particles and the parent molten matrix or metal; and their agglomeration.
Panwar and Chauhan., [32], investigated the production of MMC’s. They mentioned that
it can be reached by the addition of reinforcement or fortified phase to the parent matrix.
Suitable methods of production or manufacture are spray atomization and co-deposition,
powder metallurgy, squeeze casting, plasma spraying and stir casting. In the list of
engineering of materials, the MMC’s can be produced by different processes or techniques
such as casting because of its low cost and because it allows many choices for materials
selection and processing conditions. The fortification particles are introduced into liquid or
solid matrix either through liquid metallurgy by casting or a powder metallurgy method. The
composite is prepared by infusing the fortification particles into the liquid, semi-solid or solid
matrix by powder metallurgy process or through a liquid metallurgy by casting.
Surappa., [37], specified that the main processes to produce AMCS at an industrial rate
can be grouped as follows;
Solid state processing
PM processing (Powder blending and consolidation): The mixing of aluminium alloy powder
and short ceramic fiber is a known technique for the manufacturing of AMCs. The mixing of
AMCs is either carried out dry or in liquid state.
Diffusion bonding: Aluminium metal composites fortified by mono filament are manufactured
by the diffusion bonding (foil-fiber-foil) process or by evaporating comparatively thick
deposits of aluminium on the face of the fiber.
Physical vapour deposition: This process deals with the nonstop movement of fiber over a
zone of high fractional pressure of the metal to be placed, condensation then occurs and a
thick coat on the fibre is produced.
Liquid state processing
Reactive processing (In-situ processing): Examples are liquid-liquid, liquid-solid, liquid-gas,
and varied salt reactions.
Spray deposition: This technique is divided into two separate classes, by incessant supply of a
cold metal into an area of swift heat infusion (thermal spray process) or producing the droplet
stream from a molten bath (Osprey process).
Infiltration process: The liquid Al mixture is put into the cracks of the permeable pre-forms of
the particle to bring about the production of AMC’s.
Stir casting: The process comprises of the integration of ceramic particles in liquid Aluminium
melt and letting the mixture to cool down and harden.
Article [3], stated that the effects of machining parameter on AMC’s are:
The amount of flank wear is large at a small cutting velocity due to the formation of
accumulated edges and the high force of cutting needed when fabricating Aluminium/SiC
metal matrix composites. While at a large cutting velocity, the temperature at the cutting edge
is very high which then cause’s fast deformation of the tool used. The ideal cutting velocity
zone for fabricating aluminium/SiC metal matrix composite is within the interval of 60m/min
and 150m/min
The collective outcome of feed and velocity on the flank wear leads to the conclusion that the
feed is not as susceptible to the wear of flank as it is to the speed of cutting. Therefore, it is
better to add to the amount of wear than to increase the cutting velocity.
The depth, feed and velocity of cut have the same output on the texture of the surface.
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The initiation of built-up edge gotten when fabricating Al/SiC at a low velocity when cutting
brings about a rise in the angle of rake, which is related to increment in the force of cutting.
2.3. General Findings from Past Works
Ahmed et al., [1] examined the fusion of Al-Ti-Cr Composite as wear component to be used
in brake disc application. The Al-Ti-Cr metal matrix compound with inconstant quantity of
B4C and SiC elements was prepared with a stir die technique as well as a chill casting
technique. The resulting composite was analysed with an X-ray diffraction analysis, XRD, a
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and a Scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
The composite was also caused to undergo friction and wear tests at various operating
parameters. The outcome established that increment in the percentage of B4C and SiC
increased the ductility and ultimate strength of the composite, making it suitable for use as
wear materials for brake discs.
Banhart [6], discussed the use of aluminium foams to produce lighter vehicles. The
diverse methods of formulating these foams were listed. Some of which include foaming
specifically prepared molten metals with attuned viscosities by inserting gases or by including
gas-releasing blowing agents which decompose in-situ, instigating the development of
bubbles. Another way is to begin with solid precursors comprising of a blowing agent,
compressing the mix and then foaming the compact by melting. The applications of
aluminium foam in vehicle design ranges from light-weight manufacture, effect energy
absorption to various types of thermal insulation and acoustic damping.
Duflou et al., [10], evaluated how composite CFRP (carbon fibre reinforced polymers) use
in car manufacturing impacts the environment. It was revealed that the use of light composites
as alternatives for the steel structures led to a very slight difference in properties. This means
that composites in car design needs more intensive use and development. The composites
indicated improvement and power and energy consumption reduction as opposed to the steel
structures. The life cycle of CFRP will determine if its use will be intensified. The analysis
revealed a breakeven point of life cycle of CFRP at 132,000 km. Composite use in car
manufacturing and engineering is innovative and of high importance, it can become a superior
form of car manufacturing and technology.
Fatchurrohman et al., [12], performed a sustainable analysis to determine if Al-MMC’s
brake disc can be used to swap the traditional cast iron brake disc. The manufacturing
procedure of both brake discs were examined the results showed that the entire charge of cast
iron brake disc is higher than that of Al-MMC’s brake disc. Though, the physical cost for cast
iron is lower than that of Al-MMC’s for a single unit component, the equivalent of weight
reduction could save a lot more. In addition to this, the life cycle of Al-MMC’s brake disc
could save up to 50% when compared to that of cast iron brake disc. Even though, the
processing of Al-MMC’s brake disc cost more than cast iron brake disc because it involves
preheating the SiC particulates, and it requires more energy to process than cast iron brake
disc. Regardless, recycling Al-MMC’s consumes less energy because Al-alloys have low
melting point. They concluded that Al-MMC’s could replace cast iron brake discs.
Gon et al., [14], investigated that some aluminium alloys show enough tensile and thermal
characteristics but have low wear opposition. To improve the wear resistance is achieved by
using a MMC’s. Powder metallurgy gives advanced mechanical properties but has a high
price of production. The liquid production or fabrication processes have low production costs.
Goni et al., [43], investigated a new low budget matrix composite. This investigation was
aimed at producing train brake discs, clutch discs, and pistons with the newly developed
composite. The in-situ production route was used in the evaluation of this experiment, as
opposed to the powder metallurgy route (which has an excessively high cost of production),
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or the casting process (in which the mechanical properties are affected by the reactivity
between the matrix and the reinforcement). Even as material engineering is key in component
development, new materials with extremely high performance have the tendencies to be used
in new applications. From surveys carried out, it was estimated that today, if weight was
reduced by an approximate of 10%, fuel consumption will improve by approximately 8%. In
relation to this problem, aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) are meeting the high fuel
saving aspirations. AMCs are also extremely essential in terms of material selection to
produce train brake discs, clutch discs, and pistons to reduce weight. On the contrary, some
customary aluminium alloys show adequate tensile and thermal properties, however, they
have limited wear resistance. Fortunately, wear resistance can be improved by the
introduction and usage of metal matrix composite (MMC).
Han et al., [15], compared the mechanical behaviour of two key assembly knowledges for
aluminium sheets for the automotive industry. As stated earlier, weight is a major issue in the
automotive industry today. Thus, there has been an urgency for the reduction of weight, not
only in response to environmental issues (in the case of greenhouse gases), but to reach the
level of expectation from customers. Lightweight materials have been deployed (such as
aluminium composites) as a result. It was discovered that when compared with RSW
aluminium sheet, the self-piercing riveted aluminium sheet had a higher static strength. They
observed that SPR joints can portray a reduced amount of scatter than the resistance spot
welding joints. The performance of self-piercing riveted joints is proportional to the
thickness: as thickness increases, the self-piercing riveted joint performance gets better.
Hooker and Doorbar., [16], discussed the potential application of aluminium composites
can be used to produce blades and vanes for or in compressor and used in front of
compressors for aero engines and annulus filters.
Hunt et al., [18], reviewed that as the demands for lighter weight and higher performance
in automobile components increases, the use of higher performance materials are considered.
These materials have been applied for high performance space structures and defence
applications, high costs have limited there use in the industry. A class of materials that has
gotten a lot of attention is discontinuously reinforced Metal Matrix composites (DMMCs). A
lot of research is focused on lower cost DMMCs (especially ones based on casting processes)
to reach the expectations of the automobile industry.
Karthik et al., [20], reviewed friction accumulation to produce more AMC’s fortified with
nanocrystalline HEA particles. The candidate HEA system was chosen to be CoCrFeNi
because of its acceptance of aluminium. So that when some aluminium circulates into
CoCrFeNi elements during the process, they do not give up their entropy.
Kumar et al., [25], studied the effects of SiC particle magnitude and particulate mass
portion on the weariness performance of 2080 Al and discovered that a diminution in particle
magnitude and rise in volume gave an increase in opposition to fatigue. Powder metallurgy
method for valve guides and iron-based valve seats was experimented on and was discovered
that opposition to wear was improved by the accumulation of phosphorus and copper which
formed hard inter-metallic phases.
Kumar et al., [44], conducted an experiment on the outcome of Surface Micro Patterning
through High Energy Pulse Laser Peening on Aluminium Reinforced Composite for usage in
the aerospace industry. Their work focused on enhancing the surface properties of Al7075
strengthened with SiC and Zirconia through the laser peening technique. Laser peening
technique is a developed surface engineering technique used to advance the microstructure
and surface morphology of materials. The characteristics of the resulting products such as
impact strength, tensile strength, percentage elongation and hardness were analysed.
Properties related to surface such as harness and microstructure, which play a vital part in
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prohibiting commencement of cracks on the surface, were then improved with laser peening
technique. Their research results proved that laser peening technique enhances the surface
layer of aluminium composite.
Manivannan and Sasikumar [27], studied the effects of using Aluminium Matrix
Composites with strengthened micro-sized cubic boron nitride (CBN) particles as a material
in the production of fins. Fins are materials that are used to diffuse heat from an object for
cooling purposes. Aluminium Matrix Composite is made by bottom stir casting process in
which two percent of magnesium is supplemented as a wetting agent for the even distribution
of CBN. The results showed that the process of producing quality composites in bottom stir
casting process would take two steps, and that Aluminium Boron Nitride composites can be
used as heat dissipation materials at high-level temperature uses.
Mavhungu et al., [28], reviewed the tendencies and advances in the production and
refining of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites for usage in industries. AMC’s have
reinforced mechanical and physical properties, for example, suitable ductility, high modulus
and high strength, superior wear resistance, exceptional corrosion resistance, excellent
strength to weight ratio, poor thermal expansion coefficient, improved fatigue strength,
advanced temperature creep resistance. Simple alloy composite materials have a high
probable use in the automobile engineering industry (covers, crankshaft main bearings, part-
strengthened cylinder blocks, piston rods, valve trains, piston pins and pistons, engine blocks,
cylinder heads.) Partially short fibre enhanced aluminium alloy piston is an example of the
effective use of aluminium composite materials within this spectrum.
Mrazova, M., [30], analysed the future of developed composites in the aerospace field.
Metal Matrix Composites (MMC’s) are made up of titanium or aluminium matrix and oxide,
carbide or nitride reinforcement. They have more benefits over monolithic materials. But they
are not as rigid, are costlier and are not easy to machine. They can be used in the manufacture
of greatly loaded surfaces such as turbine fan blades, helicopter blades and floor support.
Petrousek et al., [45], evaluated the malleability of rolled aluminium alloy-based Al-Mg-
Si for the automotive industry. Its mechanical properties like yield strength, strain hardening
exponent, tensile strength, coefficient of surface anisotropy and elongation were obtained
through static tension test. Videoextensometry was used to measure the variations in depth,
and width in real-time and elongations. All this was used to consider the applicability of the
material for stamping technology. The results showed that sheets of aluminium alloys can
indeed compete with steels based on their mechanical properties, effective formability, and
lightweight.
Prasad and Asthana., [34], evaluated the tribological considerations of AMMC’s
(Aluminium Metal Matric Composites) for automobile applications. Prominence has been
made on developing inexpensive Al MMC’s, strengthened with Al2O3 and SiC, which will
result in the decrease in weight of the engine and an increase in its efficiency. Substituting
cast iron engine mechanisms with light-mass aluminium compounds entails incapacitating the
seizure resistance and poor adhesion of aluminium by dissolving graphite particles, SiC or
Al2O3 in aluminium.
Thirumoorthy et al., [38], stated that aluminium MMC’s castings are competitive
economically with iron and steel mouldings. The existence of particles resilient to wear
lessens the ability to machine the alloys, which makes their machining cost high because of
the wearing of the machining tool.
Tisza et al., [39], studied the implementation of aluminium and steels in lightweight
manufacture of automotive components. Aluminium’s density is one-third of steel. The
specifically immense strength of aluminium composites complies with the stiffness and
torsion specifications of automobile components. Because of this, aluminium composites are
8. Impact of Al-Composites in the Manufacturing Industry: A Neccessity
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regarded as the prominent engineering solution. However, because aluminium raw materials
are costlier than steel, aluminium has only been used to manufacture premium cars.
Development progress in the use of aluminium has raw materials in the production of car
components has been limited even though its use has intensively been increasing over the past
decade. They stated that the requirement to replace steel components in automobiles with
aluminium composites is primarily triggered by legal demands to adhere to environmental
protection standards by improving fuel efficiency and decreasing vehicle weight.
Vencl et al [41], investigated the tribological performance of Aluminium-dependent metal
matrix composites and the employment of these composites in automotive industries. They
analysed the technologies of production of the Al-based composites, their physical and
mechanical behaviours, their tribological properties, and their application. They listed powder
metallurgy, squeeze casting method, compo casting method, and vortex method as the
methods for producing the aluminium MMC’s. They stated Aluminium-dependent alloys,
with silicon as the primary alloying component, strengthened with Al2O3 and SiC, as the
most commonly used composite in the automotive industry. They concluded that the
employment of composite resources in the automobile industry still is and would keep
growing because of the increasing demand to minimize automobile weight and the amount of
vehicle emission and to improve fuel economy. They also stated that the performance
advantages of using Al-based MMC’s are numerous. Some include increased thermal
conductivity compared to regular materials (grey cast iron and steel) and increased wear
resistance.
3. CONCLUSIONS
Aluminium Composites have several unique properties which make them frequently preferred
amongst several raw materials for the same application in the manufacturing industry,
especially the automobile industry. However, a major disadvantage of its use is the cost of
machining these composites. This paper covers a portion of the important regions of MMC
innovation. The huge change in composite quality shown by the most recent preparing
procedures guarantee upgrades in execution and unwavering quality. Cost is still a germane
factor and it is most apparent that critical effort is needed in order to lessen the expense of the
materials and procedures in order to attain the cost targets for future components. Moreover,
utilizing the technologies and methods studied, there is a high possibility of a scope of
components being created. In a nut shell, this review work has really justified the impact of
aluminium composite in manufacturing industry.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors appreciate the management of covenant university for their sponsorship
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