Immunosuppression ppt.pptx
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Immunosuppression is a reduction of the activation or efficiency of the immune system. There are different types of immunosuppression, including induced immunosuppression which can occur during transplantation procedures due to genetic differences between donor and recipient tissues. Autoimmunosuppression or immunodeficiency is when the immune system does not respond properly to antigens, allowing pathogens to affect the body. Immunosuppressive drugs are a class of drugs that suppress the strength of the immune system and are used to treat autoimmune diseases and prevent rejection after organ transplantation, but can have adverse effects such as increased risk of infection, diabetes, and high blood pressure.
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Section 1: Therapeutic Applications
Monoclonal antibodies have revolutionized the field of immunotherapy, providing targeted treatments for a range of diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases.
We will discuss some examples of FDA-approved monoclonal antibody therapies and their mechanism of action.
We will also touch on some of the challenges and limitations of using monoclonal antibodies as therapeutics.
Section 2: Diagnostic Applications
Monoclonal antibodies are widely used in diagnostic assays to detect and measure specific biomolecules.
We will look at some common diagnostic applications of monoclonal antibodies, including ELISA, Western blotting, and flow cytometry.
We will also discuss the advantages and limitations of using monoclonal antibodies in diagnostic assays.
Section 3: Research Applications
Monoclonal antibodies have become essential tools in biomedical research, allowing scientists to selectively target and manipulate specific cells or molecules.
We will explore some of the research applications of monoclonal antibodies, including their use in studying protein function, cell signaling, and disease mechanisms.
We will also discuss some of the emerging research areas where monoclonal antibodies are being explored as potential therapies, such as neurodegenerative diseases and regenerative medicine.
Conclusion:
Monoclonal antibodies have transformed the way we approach disease diagnosis, treatment, and research. Their high specificity, versatility, and selectivity make them valuable tools for a range of applications. As research continues to advance, we can expect to see even more exciting applications of monoclonal antibodies in the future.
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Antibiotic misuse 111 new
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These are some of the informations regarding immune stimulants mainly focused on the cytokines and vaccines etc..and not drugs..
immuno stimulants
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1. Antibiotics are frequently prescribed to children to treat common infections like ear infections, throat infections, and pneumonia, though they are often inappropriately prescribed leading to overuse.
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Immuno stimulant
This document discusses various immunostimulant drugs and therapies that boost the immune system. It describes the innate and adaptive immune response and how immunostimulants can enhance both arms of the immune system. Specific immunostimulants discussed include BCG vaccine, cytokines, levamisole, thalidomide, isoprinosine, immunocycin, and immunoglobulins. Vaccines, adjuvants, adoptive cell transfer, and dendritic cell-based vaccination are also covered as immunotherapies to strengthen immune defenses against infections and cancer.
Current Concepts in Laboratory Testing to Guide Antimicrobial Therapy
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- Several laboratory methods are available for AST, including agar and broth dilution methods which test serial dilutions of antibiotics to determine the MIC. Breakpoint values define antibiotic concentrations as susceptible, intermediate, or resistant.
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- 1. REACCREDITED WITH B GRADE WITH A CGPA OF 2.71 IN THE SECOND CYCLE OF NAAC AFFILIATED TO MANOMANIUM SUNDARANAR UNIVERSITY, TIRUNELVELI. ALWARKURICHI 627 412, TAMIL NADU, INDIA POST GRADUATE & RESEARCH CENTRE DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY (Government Aided) ACADEMIC YEAR 2021-2022 I SEM CORE: MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM - (ZMBM13) UNIT- 5 IMMUNOSUPPRESSION SUBMITTED BY, A.MANI BHARATHI REG NO:20211232516113 I M.SC MICROBIOLOGY ASSIGNED ON: 05/12/2021 TAKEN ON:10/01/2022 SUBMITTED TO GUIDE: DR.S.VISWANATHAN ASSISTANT PROFESSOR & HEAD.
- 2. synopsis IMMUNOSUPRESSION TYPES OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSION INDUCED IMMUNOSUPPRESSION AUTO IMMUNOSUPPRESSION IMMUNE TOLERANCE IMMUNO SUPRESSIVE DRUGS ADVERSE EFFECTS OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSANTS CONCLUSION REFERENCE
- 3. Immunosuppression Immunosuppression is a reduction of the activation or efficiency of the immune system
- 6. Induced Immunosuppression In any transplantation procedure, genetic differences between donor and recipient can lead to immune-based rejection reactions Aside from host rejection of transplanted tissue (host versus graft), lymphocytes conveyed to the recipient via the graft can attack the recipient’s tissues, thereby causing graft versus- host disease (GVHD)
- 7. Auto Immunosuppression Auto Immunosuppression or Immunodeficiency is knows the immune system of the body is not responding to the antigen entering into the body In HIV the body’s immune response is very low and it causes the pathogens to affect the body
- 8. Auto immune disease : A disease in which the body immune responds against the healthy cells such as Rheumatoid arthritis Myasthenia Gravis Lupus
- 10. Immune tolerance In Maternal immune tolerance is the immune tolerance shown towards the fetus and placenta during pregnancy. The placenta acts as a immunological barrier between the mother and fetus, creating an immunological privileged site. It is achieved by inhibiting the maternal cytotoxic t cells by inhibiting the response to interleukin
- 13. Immunosuppressive Drugs Immunosuppressant drugs are a class of drugs that suppress, or reduce, the strength of the body's immune system
- 14. Immunosuppressive drugs are of four classes: Calcineurin Inhibitors Antiproliferative agents mTOR inhibitor glucocorticoids Biological agents
- 16. Adverse effects of Immunosuppressants Acne Diabetes Fatigue Hair loss of Growth Headaches High Blood pressure Mouth sores Thinning Bones Tremors
- 20. CONCLUSION
- 24. THANKYOU The chairman. The Secretary. Management committee. The Principal,Sri paramakalyani college. The head – department of microbiology The staff members – department of microbiology THANKS TO