Immunosuppression ppt.pptx
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Immunosuppression is a reduction of the activation or efficiency of the immune system. There are different types of immunosuppression, including induced immunosuppression which can occur during transplantation procedures due to genetic differences between donor and recipient tissues. Autoimmunosuppression or immunodeficiency is when the immune system does not respond properly to antigens, allowing pathogens to affect the body. Immunosuppressive drugs are a class of drugs that suppress the strength of the immune system and are used to treat autoimmune diseases and prevent rejection after organ transplantation, but can have adverse effects such as increased risk of infection, diabetes, and high blood pressure.
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Immunization ppt
The document summarizes a seminar presentation on vaccines. It begins with an introduction to vaccines and defines them as biological preparations that provide active acquired immunity against diseases. It then discusses different types of vaccines such as live attenuated, killed, subunit, and DNA vaccines. The mechanisms of how vaccines work and provide immunization are also summarized. Common immunization programs for diseases like BCG, polio, hepatitis B, measles are outlined. The presentation concludes with emphasizing the importance of vaccines in providing protection from pathogens and immunity.
IMMUNE DISORDERS, HIV/AIDS, METABOLIC SYNDROME
I understand the desire to feel intimacy without barriers. However, it's still important to protect your partner's health. While your viral load is undetectable, there's a small risk of transmission. Perhaps you could discuss other ways to be intimate that don't involve semen exchange, and continue using condoms for penetrative sex to further minimize risk. Your partner's well-being is important too. Overall health and trust in your relationship should be the priority here.
Treatment Options in Progressive Childhood Vitiligo
Treatment Options in Progressive Childhood VitiligoSSR Institute of International Journal of Life Sciences
DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.3.4
ABSTRACT- Progressive Childhood vitiligo is a common acquired de-pigmenting condition that can affect skin and
hair with devastating psychological effects on patients as well as their parents. Children with vitiligo often suffer from
anxiety and depression because of their unusual appearance.[1] Management of progressive vitiligo in children is difficult
as therapeutic options are restricted when compared to that in adult patients, as steroids are the mainstay of treatment to
stop the progression.[1] Treating a patient of vitiligo is always a difficult task and the job becomes even more challenging
when the patient is a child and his/her disease is progressing at a fast rate.
Key-words- Children, Progressive vitiligo, Oral mini pulse, Betamethasone, DexamethasoneANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE: A RISING THREAT
Antibiotics and similar drugs, together called antimicrobial agents, have been used for the last many years to treat patients who have infectious diseases. The treatment of bacterial infections is increasingly complicated because microorganisms can develop resistance to antimicrobial agents, since the first usage of antimicrobials, the resistance among bacteria has progressively increased and has accelerated within the last 10 years. This is largely due to the increasing presence of pathogenic microorganisms with resistance to previous antibiotic agents, resulting in the administration of improper treatment, not only in humans but also in companion and food animals and the environment which has caused the rise in antibiotic resistance. Although efforts are being made in all the areas, there is an urgent need to increase the effectiveness of these interventions or some bacterial infections will become difficult if not impossible to treat reliably.
RECENT ADVANCES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
Medical treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has progressed significantly over the past decade to achieve and maintain clinical remission in patients & to overcome the side effects of existing drugs for IBD. Conventional therapy for IBD include the use of Amino salicylates, corticosteroids & Anti-microbials. Patients who fail to respond to the conventional therapy are treated with agents such as Calcineurin inhibitor (Cyclosporine), and Biologics like TNF-α inhibitors (Infliximab or Adalimumab) or Anti-cell adhesion molecules (Vedolizumab, natalizumab). These agents are targeted against pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and Cell Surface Adhesion Molecules Integrin α4β7. In this review, we provide an overview on the recent advances in the treatment for IBD such as newer Biologics, Small Molecule drugs and Biosimilars effective for IBD and the role of other therapies like Probiotics, Prebiotics, Stem cell transplant and Faecal microbiota transplant and Microbiome targeting diet in the management of IBD
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The document provides information about the Microbiology and Immunology (M&I) graduate program at MUSC including:
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Immunization ppt
The document summarizes a seminar presentation on vaccines. It begins with an introduction to vaccines and defines them as biological preparations that provide active acquired immunity against diseases. It then discusses different types of vaccines such as live attenuated, killed, subunit, and DNA vaccines. The mechanisms of how vaccines work and provide immunization are also summarized. Common immunization programs for diseases like BCG, polio, hepatitis B, measles are outlined. The presentation concludes with emphasizing the importance of vaccines in providing protection from pathogens and immunity.
IMMUNE DISORDERS, HIV/AIDS, METABOLIC SYNDROME
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Treatment Options in Progressive Childhood Vitiligo
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DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.3.4
ABSTRACT- Progressive Childhood vitiligo is a common acquired de-pigmenting condition that can affect skin and
hair with devastating psychological effects on patients as well as their parents. Children with vitiligo often suffer from
anxiety and depression because of their unusual appearance.[1] Management of progressive vitiligo in children is difficult
as therapeutic options are restricted when compared to that in adult patients, as steroids are the mainstay of treatment to
stop the progression.[1] Treating a patient of vitiligo is always a difficult task and the job becomes even more challenging
when the patient is a child and his/her disease is progressing at a fast rate.
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RECENT ADVANCES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
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RESISTANCE (UNIT-1) S.Indhumathi.pdf
Drug resistance occurs when microbes evolve mechanisms to protect themselves from antimicrobials like antibiotics. There are several mechanisms by which bacteria develop resistance, including limiting drug uptake, modifying drug targets, inactivating drugs, and actively effluxing drugs out of the cell. Resistance can be intrinsic or acquired through genetic mutations or mobile genetic elements that allow resistance genes to spread between bacteria. Prudent antibiotic use and combination therapies can help prevent the emergence and spread of drug-resistant bacteria.
Git j club h pylori DTT21
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- The program currently has 17 PhD students, 4 MD/PhD students, and 1 DMD/PhD student and 2 Masters students.
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Title: Applications of Monoclonal Antibodies
Introduction:
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are highly specific molecules that can bind to a single antigen or epitope. They have a wide range of applications in medicine, research, and industry. In this presentation, we will explore some of the key applications of monoclonal antibodies and their potential impact on various fields.
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2. Few antibiotics have been adequately studied for safety and efficacy in children, so dosing regimens are often extrapolated from adult studies.
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Detect AR pathogens, including novel strains, by developing lab networks and lab expertise.
Use standardized surveillance to monitor and track AR infections in healthcare to learn how often these infections occur and to help develop strategies to prevent them.
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The document discusses an evaluation of the effects of biofield treatment on the susceptibility pattern of multidrug resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The key findings of the study are:
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immunosuppression.pptx
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Introduction:
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We will also discuss some of the emerging research areas where monoclonal antibodies are being explored as potential therapies, such as neurodegenerative diseases and regenerative medicine.
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2. Few antibiotics have been adequately studied for safety and efficacy in children, so dosing regimens are often extrapolated from adult studies.
3. When treating children with antibiotics, factors like organ maturation, liver and kidney function, and fluid volumes must be considered as they affect the pharmacokinetics and can differ from adults.
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This document discusses various immunostimulant drugs and therapies that boost the immune system. It describes the innate and adaptive immune response and how immunostimulants can enhance both arms of the immune system. Specific immunostimulants discussed include BCG vaccine, cytokines, levamisole, thalidomide, isoprinosine, immunocycin, and immunoglobulins. Vaccines, adjuvants, adoptive cell transfer, and dendritic cell-based vaccination are also covered as immunotherapies to strengthen immune defenses against infections and cancer.
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- Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is recommended for pathogens causing infections that warrant antibiotic treatment if susceptibility cannot be reliably predicted based on the pathogen's identity. AST determines the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics.
- Several laboratory methods are available for AST, including agar and broth dilution methods which test serial dilutions of antibiotics to determine the MIC. Breakpoint values define antibiotic concentrations as susceptible, intermediate, or resistant.
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The Indian Governamnet is is working closely with partners at the national and state level to:
Detect AR pathogens, including novel strains, by developing lab networks and lab expertise.
Use standardized surveillance to monitor and track AR infections in healthcare to learn how often these infections occur and to help develop strategies to prevent them.
Implement focused IPC activities and training.
Optimize use and reduce misuse of critical antibiotics through antibiotic stewardship programs.
An Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Susceptibility Pattern of Multidrug Re...
An Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Susceptibility Pattern of Multidrug Re...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) is a Gram-negative bacillus, an opportunistic pathogen, particularly among nosocomial infections. Multi-drug resistant strains are associated with very high rate of morbidity and mortality in severely immunocompromised patients. Present study was designed to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment against multidrug resistant S. maltophilia. Clinical sample of S. maltophilia was collected and divided into two groups i.e. control and biofield treated which were analyzed after 10 days with respect to control. The following parameters viz. susceptibility pattern, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical studies and biotype number of both control and treated samples were measured by MicroScan Walk-Away® system. The results showed an overall change of 37.5% in susceptibility pattern and 39.4% in biochemical study while 33.3% changes in MIC values of tested antimicrobials after biofield treatment. Further, the treated group of S. maltophilia has also shown a significant change in biochemical reactions followed by its biotype number as compared to control group. Biochemical reactions of treated group showed negative reaction to acetamide and positive reactions to colistin, glucose, adonitol, melibiose, arabinose, nitrate, oxidation-fermentation, raffinose, rhaminose, sorbitol, sucrose, and Voges-Proskauer as compared with control. The biofield treatment showed an alteration in MIC values of amikacin, amoxicillin/K-clavulanate, chloramphenicol, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ceftazidime, cefotetan, ticarcillin/K-clavulanate, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Altogether, data suggest that biofield treatment has significant effect to alter the sensitivity pattern of antimicrobials and biotype number against multidrug resistant strain of S. maltophilia.An Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Susceptibility Pattern of Multidrug Re...
The document discusses an evaluation of the effects of biofield treatment on the susceptibility pattern of multidrug resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The key findings of the study are:
1) Biofield treatment led to changes in the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and minimum inhibitory concentration values of several antimicrobials against S. maltophilia.
2) 37.5% of the tested antimicrobials showed changes in susceptibility patterns and 33.3% showed changes in MIC values after biofield treatment.
3) Biofield treatment also resulted in 39.4% changes in biochemical reactions of S. maltophilia and changed its biotype number leading to identification as Enterobacter aerogenes rather
An Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Susceptibility Pattern of Multidrug Re...
An Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Susceptibility Pattern of Multidrug Re...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
Present study was designed to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment against multidrug resistant S. maltophilia. Clinical sample of S. maltophilia was collected and divided into two groups i.e. control and biofield treated which were analyzed after 10 days with respect to control. Immunotoxicology.pptx
This document discusses the field of immunotoxicology, which focuses on studying how substances can adversely impact the immune system. It notes that the immune system plays a crucial role in defending the body, and that when compromised, it can increase susceptibility to infections, diseases, and cancer. Immunotoxicology involves in vitro and in vivo studies to assess these impacts. Key applications include drug safety testing, immunotherapy/vaccine development, and risk assessment. The document outlines some common immunotoxic effects and their implications for human health.
Biotech Vaccine School
Recombinant vaccines are more effective than conventional vaccines. They have several advantages: they are reliable and safer since only a single protein is used rather than the whole organism; this also reduces the risk of illness. Recombinant technology allows scientists to control the type of vector used and choose specific antigens. While only one recombinant vaccine has been approved by the FDA so far, the technology produces a strong protective immune response similar to a natural infection and may be less expensive to produce in the future. However, developing recombinant vaccines is currently very expensive and some ethical concerns remain regarding the use of human subjects in testing.
immunosuppression.pptx
This document provides information about immunosuppression including its causes, types, symptoms, and medications that can cause it. Some key points include:
- Immunosuppression is the suppression of the immune system, making one more vulnerable to infection. It can be caused by diseases, medications, and medical procedures.
- Common causes include medications like corticosteroids, chemotherapy drugs, monoclonal antibodies, TNF inhibitors, and long-term use of oral steroids. Medical procedures like splenectomy, radiation therapy, and bone marrow ablation can also cause immunosuppression.
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An Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Susceptibility Pattern of Multidrug Re...
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- 1. REACCREDITED WITH B GRADE WITH A CGPA OF 2.71 IN THE SECOND CYCLE OF NAAC AFFILIATED TO MANOMANIUM SUNDARANAR UNIVERSITY, TIRUNELVELI. ALWARKURICHI 627 412, TAMIL NADU, INDIA POST GRADUATE & RESEARCH CENTRE DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY (Government Aided) ACADEMIC YEAR 2021-2022 I SEM CORE: MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM - (ZMBM13) UNIT- 5 IMMUNOSUPPRESSION SUBMITTED BY, A.MANI BHARATHI REG NO:20211232516113 I M.SC MICROBIOLOGY ASSIGNED ON: 05/12/2021 TAKEN ON:10/01/2022 SUBMITTED TO GUIDE: DR.S.VISWANATHAN ASSISTANT PROFESSOR & HEAD.
- 2. synopsis IMMUNOSUPRESSION TYPES OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSION INDUCED IMMUNOSUPPRESSION AUTO IMMUNOSUPPRESSION IMMUNE TOLERANCE IMMUNO SUPRESSIVE DRUGS ADVERSE EFFECTS OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSANTS CONCLUSION REFERENCE
- 3. Immunosuppression Immunosuppression is a reduction of the activation or efficiency of the immune system
- 6. Induced Immunosuppression In any transplantation procedure, genetic differences between donor and recipient can lead to immune-based rejection reactions Aside from host rejection of transplanted tissue (host versus graft), lymphocytes conveyed to the recipient via the graft can attack the recipient’s tissues, thereby causing graft versus- host disease (GVHD)
- 7. Auto Immunosuppression Auto Immunosuppression or Immunodeficiency is knows the immune system of the body is not responding to the antigen entering into the body In HIV the body’s immune response is very low and it causes the pathogens to affect the body
- 8. Auto immune disease : A disease in which the body immune responds against the healthy cells such as Rheumatoid arthritis Myasthenia Gravis Lupus
- 10. Immune tolerance In Maternal immune tolerance is the immune tolerance shown towards the fetus and placenta during pregnancy. The placenta acts as a immunological barrier between the mother and fetus, creating an immunological privileged site. It is achieved by inhibiting the maternal cytotoxic t cells by inhibiting the response to interleukin
- 13. Immunosuppressive Drugs Immunosuppressant drugs are a class of drugs that suppress, or reduce, the strength of the body's immune system
- 14. Immunosuppressive drugs are of four classes: Calcineurin Inhibitors Antiproliferative agents mTOR inhibitor glucocorticoids Biological agents
- 16. Adverse effects of Immunosuppressants Acne Diabetes Fatigue Hair loss of Growth Headaches High Blood pressure Mouth sores Thinning Bones Tremors
- 20. CONCLUSION
- 24. THANKYOU The chairman. The Secretary. Management committee. The Principal,Sri paramakalyani college. The head – department of microbiology The staff members – department of microbiology THANKS TO