The objective of this study is to assess the role of triterpene glycoside of Holothuria atra to induce the Fas and Bcl-2-regulated apoptosis in Supri’s Clone 1 (Sp-C1) cell of tongue carcinoma. The triterpene glycoside of H. atra was isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography. The Sp-C1 cell of tongue carcinoma was cloned by Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium and cytotoxicity assay by 3-4-5-dimethylthiazol-2yl 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Expression Fas and Bcl-2 protein were analysed by immunocytochemistry also apoptosis detected by double staining ethidium bromide acridine. The datum of studied was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), significance (p<0.05), and strength correlation (p<0.001) with R=1. The H. atra has triterpene glycoside, and in the dose of 4 mg/ml, it has been cytotoxic activities on the Sp-C1 (p<0.05), mortality 80%; inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50)=0.6 and anti-logarithm = 4. In general, the concentration of 2.5 mg/ml of triterpene glycoside has triggered the expression of Fas protein (active, 71%; moderate, 10%; and no-active, 27%), whereas the Bcl-2 protein (active, 59%; moderate, 14%; and no-active 27%). Statistically, both expressions of protein were significant (p<0.05). Triterpene glycoside caused the apoptosis of Sp-C1 cell (strong, 87%, and moderate, 13%). In conclusion,the triterpene glycoside has the properties of cytotoxicity, and apoptosis in the SP-C1 cell also could be triggering the expression of Fas and Bcl-2 proteins.
Murdannia loriformis(hassk) - Yapakking Suphalada C.
Beijing herbs grass to support such research out of the grass, the herb Beijing to treat cancer. No significant toxicity. When doing research, it was found that the in vitro anti-cancer The colon cancer and breast cancer cells. Were found to contain glycoprotein Goliath Sphinx Rapids (G 1 b) moderately inhibited the cancer cell. Beijing has also been found that grass. Stimulate immunity. Make you strong. Found that patients treated for eating grass, Beijing on the current pattern. Patients suffering from the side effects of lower radiation and Kate's Modern Therapy. Inhibit the spread of cancer and came back again. Including the adaptive immune system of the body.
Polyherbal formulation development for anti asthmatic activitypharmaindexing
This document describes the development and evaluation of polyherbal formulations for the treatment of asthma. Three plants - Tylophora indica, Tephrosia purpurea, and Vitex negundo - were selected based on their reported antiasthmatic, antihistaminic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Two tablet formulations and one capsule formulation were prepared using in-house and commercial extracts of the plants. The formulations were evaluated for various physical properties and found to meet pharmacopeia standards. Testing in guinea pigs showed the formulations had significant antiasthmatic effects compared to the standard drug chlorpheniramine maleate. Further stability and clinical studies are needed to confirm quality and efficacy.
DOI:10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.4.2
neoplastic progression through the action of viral oncoproteins, mainly E6 and E7.Cervical cancer remains the second
most common cancer in women worldwide with India as a major contributor to global burden with an annual incidence of
132,000 new cases and mortality rate of 74,000 deaths annually. In this study turmeric, neem, tulasi and ginger were
selected as natural anticancer drugs. The objective of the study was to analyze the anticancer property of turmeric
(Curcuma longa), neem (Azadirachta indica), tulasi (Occimum sanctum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) on HeLa cells.
Turmeric, neem, tulasi and ginger capsules (Himalaya’s Company) were used and aqueous and methanolic extracts of the
turmeric, neem, tulasi and ginger were obtained using a soxhlet extraction. To check the efficacy of these drug MTT assay
was performed, that determines % viability and/or cytotoxicity. IC50 of aqueous turmeric, neem, tulasi and ginger extracts
in case of HeLa cells were 17.8, 22, 79.4, 27.86 respectively and in case of methanolic turmeric, neem, tulasi and ginger
extracts 17, 7.35, 75.24 and 16.1 respectively. To confirm apoptosis as the sole reason behind cell death
immunofluorescence based apoptosis assay was performed using TALI image based cytometer. The study has led to
postulate hypothesis that natural drugs e.g. turmeric, neem, tulasi and ginger are potent anti-cancer compound that are
capable of inhibiting the growth of immortal cells by apoptosis. Key-words- Cervical cancer, Human papillomavirus (HPV), Oncoproteins E6 and E7, Natural compounds, HeLa cell
line (adherent), Cell viability and MTT assay, Apoptosis assay
This document summarizes the development and in vitro evaluation of novel sulphonamide compounds as potential antimalarial drugs. Specifically:
1) Novel sulphonamide compounds were designed and synthesized based on the structures of bepotastine and sulphonamides.
2) In vitro screening showed several compounds inhibited the asexual development of Plasmodium falciparum parasites at low micromolar concentrations, particularly during late-stage parasite development.
3) The most potent compounds were further evaluated, with three inhibiting parasite growth below 4 μM, while demonstrating low toxicity to mammalian cells.
Evaluation of fungicides and biological agents for the management of mango an...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Mango is an important fruit crop in area and production in Gujarat also, where it is cultivated over an area of about 130.1 thousand hectares with annual production of 911.3 thousand tones with productivity of 7.01 tones/ha. Its plantation has become quite popular in the districts of Valsad, Junagadh, Navsari, Kutch, Surat, Amreli and Bhavnagar because of favourable agro-climate condition. Mango is affected by number of diseases at all the stages of its development right from plant in nursery to the fruit in storage or transit. Mango is prone to many fungal diseases like Anthracnose, Rhizopus rot, Stem end rot, Penicillum rot, Black mould rot, Mucor rot, Phyllosticta rot, Pestalotiopsis rot, Macrophoma rot and powdery mildew, leading to heavy loss in yield. Among these diseases, anthracnose is the major disease of mango as it occurs at all the growing parts including leaves, twigs, flowers, fruits except root and trunk throughout the year. Anthracnose caused by Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spauld and H Schrenk (anamorph: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.)) appear to be more severe causing devastation of mango fruits during grading, packing, transportation, storage and marketing (Pathak, 1980).
The document summarizes the synthesis and testing of new triazole compounds for various biological activities. A series of triazoles and related heterocycles were synthesized by incorporating a methylene amino oxy methyl moiety. These compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial, antituberculosis, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and acute toxicity properties. Several compounds showed significant antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity comparable to standard drugs. A few compounds also exhibited good antituberculosis activity and analgesic effects with low acute toxicity. The results suggest that these triazole derivatives may act as selective inhibitors of COX-2 and thus have anti-inflammatory properties without ulcerogenic effects.
Genetic Variability for Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content in Fo...CrimsonpublishersNTNF
This document reports on a study that assessed genetic variability for total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in 139 genotypes of four pulse crops: chickpea, lentil, pigeonpea, and blackgram. Significant genetic variation was found for both total phenolic content and antioxidant activity across all genotypes. Blackgram genotypes had the highest mean phenolic content and antioxidant activity, followed by pigeonpea, chickpea, and lentil. Within each crop, phenolic content and antioxidant activity varied between genotypes. Highly significant correlations between phenolic content and antioxidant activity were found for all crops except pigeonpea. The study indicates genetic diversity exists that can be exploited for improving antioxidant levels in these important pulse crops.
Murdannia loriformis(hassk) - Yapakking Suphalada C.
Beijing herbs grass to support such research out of the grass, the herb Beijing to treat cancer. No significant toxicity. When doing research, it was found that the in vitro anti-cancer The colon cancer and breast cancer cells. Were found to contain glycoprotein Goliath Sphinx Rapids (G 1 b) moderately inhibited the cancer cell. Beijing has also been found that grass. Stimulate immunity. Make you strong. Found that patients treated for eating grass, Beijing on the current pattern. Patients suffering from the side effects of lower radiation and Kate's Modern Therapy. Inhibit the spread of cancer and came back again. Including the adaptive immune system of the body.
Polyherbal formulation development for anti asthmatic activitypharmaindexing
This document describes the development and evaluation of polyherbal formulations for the treatment of asthma. Three plants - Tylophora indica, Tephrosia purpurea, and Vitex negundo - were selected based on their reported antiasthmatic, antihistaminic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Two tablet formulations and one capsule formulation were prepared using in-house and commercial extracts of the plants. The formulations were evaluated for various physical properties and found to meet pharmacopeia standards. Testing in guinea pigs showed the formulations had significant antiasthmatic effects compared to the standard drug chlorpheniramine maleate. Further stability and clinical studies are needed to confirm quality and efficacy.
DOI:10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.4.2
neoplastic progression through the action of viral oncoproteins, mainly E6 and E7.Cervical cancer remains the second
most common cancer in women worldwide with India as a major contributor to global burden with an annual incidence of
132,000 new cases and mortality rate of 74,000 deaths annually. In this study turmeric, neem, tulasi and ginger were
selected as natural anticancer drugs. The objective of the study was to analyze the anticancer property of turmeric
(Curcuma longa), neem (Azadirachta indica), tulasi (Occimum sanctum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) on HeLa cells.
Turmeric, neem, tulasi and ginger capsules (Himalaya’s Company) were used and aqueous and methanolic extracts of the
turmeric, neem, tulasi and ginger were obtained using a soxhlet extraction. To check the efficacy of these drug MTT assay
was performed, that determines % viability and/or cytotoxicity. IC50 of aqueous turmeric, neem, tulasi and ginger extracts
in case of HeLa cells were 17.8, 22, 79.4, 27.86 respectively and in case of methanolic turmeric, neem, tulasi and ginger
extracts 17, 7.35, 75.24 and 16.1 respectively. To confirm apoptosis as the sole reason behind cell death
immunofluorescence based apoptosis assay was performed using TALI image based cytometer. The study has led to
postulate hypothesis that natural drugs e.g. turmeric, neem, tulasi and ginger are potent anti-cancer compound that are
capable of inhibiting the growth of immortal cells by apoptosis. Key-words- Cervical cancer, Human papillomavirus (HPV), Oncoproteins E6 and E7, Natural compounds, HeLa cell
line (adherent), Cell viability and MTT assay, Apoptosis assay
This document summarizes the development and in vitro evaluation of novel sulphonamide compounds as potential antimalarial drugs. Specifically:
1) Novel sulphonamide compounds were designed and synthesized based on the structures of bepotastine and sulphonamides.
2) In vitro screening showed several compounds inhibited the asexual development of Plasmodium falciparum parasites at low micromolar concentrations, particularly during late-stage parasite development.
3) The most potent compounds were further evaluated, with three inhibiting parasite growth below 4 μM, while demonstrating low toxicity to mammalian cells.
Evaluation of fungicides and biological agents for the management of mango an...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Mango is an important fruit crop in area and production in Gujarat also, where it is cultivated over an area of about 130.1 thousand hectares with annual production of 911.3 thousand tones with productivity of 7.01 tones/ha. Its plantation has become quite popular in the districts of Valsad, Junagadh, Navsari, Kutch, Surat, Amreli and Bhavnagar because of favourable agro-climate condition. Mango is affected by number of diseases at all the stages of its development right from plant in nursery to the fruit in storage or transit. Mango is prone to many fungal diseases like Anthracnose, Rhizopus rot, Stem end rot, Penicillum rot, Black mould rot, Mucor rot, Phyllosticta rot, Pestalotiopsis rot, Macrophoma rot and powdery mildew, leading to heavy loss in yield. Among these diseases, anthracnose is the major disease of mango as it occurs at all the growing parts including leaves, twigs, flowers, fruits except root and trunk throughout the year. Anthracnose caused by Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spauld and H Schrenk (anamorph: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.)) appear to be more severe causing devastation of mango fruits during grading, packing, transportation, storage and marketing (Pathak, 1980).
The document summarizes the synthesis and testing of new triazole compounds for various biological activities. A series of triazoles and related heterocycles were synthesized by incorporating a methylene amino oxy methyl moiety. These compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial, antituberculosis, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and acute toxicity properties. Several compounds showed significant antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity comparable to standard drugs. A few compounds also exhibited good antituberculosis activity and analgesic effects with low acute toxicity. The results suggest that these triazole derivatives may act as selective inhibitors of COX-2 and thus have anti-inflammatory properties without ulcerogenic effects.
Genetic Variability for Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content in Fo...CrimsonpublishersNTNF
This document reports on a study that assessed genetic variability for total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in 139 genotypes of four pulse crops: chickpea, lentil, pigeonpea, and blackgram. Significant genetic variation was found for both total phenolic content and antioxidant activity across all genotypes. Blackgram genotypes had the highest mean phenolic content and antioxidant activity, followed by pigeonpea, chickpea, and lentil. Within each crop, phenolic content and antioxidant activity varied between genotypes. Highly significant correlations between phenolic content and antioxidant activity were found for all crops except pigeonpea. The study indicates genetic diversity exists that can be exploited for improving antioxidant levels in these important pulse crops.
This study evaluated the cytotoxicity of pegylated nanoliposomal cisplatin on ovarian cancer cells. Methoxypolyethylene glycol propionaldehyde was synthesized and characterized. Nanoliposomes encapsulating cisplatin were prepared using the reverse phase evaporation method and characterized. The nanoliposomes had a mean diameter of 125 nm and negative zeta potential. Cytotoxicity tests on ovarian cancer cells showed the IC50 of nanoliposomal cisplatin was lower than free cisplatin, indicating the nanoliposomal formulation was more cytotoxic. This study demonstrates pegylated nanoliposomal cisplatin has potential as a more effective cisplatin delivery system for ovarian cancer treatment.
1) The research tested 25 pyrazoline derivative compounds for their ability to inhibit the growth of the intestinal parasite Entamoeba histolytica.
2) The results showed that series 1a and 1b were the most effective at inhibiting trophozoite growth, with certain compounds performing better than the drug metronidazole.
3) The most promising individual inhibitors were compounds 5 and 14, which showed greater effectiveness than metronidazole at inhibiting growth over time at both tested concentrations.
Antinutrient profile of three mushroom varieties consumed in amaifeke, orlu, ...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated the antinutrient profile of three varieties of mushrooms consumed in Amaifeke, Imo State, Nigeria. The mushrooms included white button mushroom, oyster mushroom, and crimini mushroom. Six antinutrients were analyzed: hydrogen cyanide, saponin, phytate, oxalate, trypsin inhibitor, and hemagglutinin. The levels of these antinutrients ranged from 0.198-0.236 mg/g, 0.6656-1.001 mg/g, 0.7794-1.558 mg/100g, 0.236-0.510%, 1.857-3.476 TIμ/mg, and 1.
This document summarizes the isolation and identification of trypanocidal constituents from Garcinia intermedia leaves and Calophyllum brasiliense heartwood. Guttiferone A and 8-desoxygartanin were isolated from G. intermedia, while jacareubin, 6-deoxyjacareubin, and two tetrahydroxyxanthones were obtained from C. brasiliense. These compounds showed trypanocidal activity against Trypanosoma cruzi, which causes Chagas disease. The activity against infective trypomastigotes was also examined and compared to gossypol, berberine chloride, and harmine.
Analgesic and antipyretic activity of methanolic extract of Acacia leucophloe...pharmaindexing
This document describes a study investigating the analgesic and antipyretic activities of the methanolic extract of Acacia leucophloea bark. Rats were used to test analgesic activity using the hot plate test, with the extract showing a dose-dependent increase in latency time compared to the control. Antipyretic activity was tested using yeast-induced fever in rats, with the extract and paracetamol both reducing elevated temperatures over time. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of the extract found the presence of glycosides, alkaloids, phytosterols, saponins, flavonoids and coumarins.
Antifungal Activity of Honey with Curcuma Starch against RhodotorulaBee Healthy Farms
In vitro activity of natural honey alone and in combination with curcuma starch against rhodotorula mucilaginosa in correlation with bioactive compounds and diastase activity.
The mixture of curcuma starch and honey could lead to the development of new combination antibiotics against Rhodotorula infections. This synergistic interaction between two natural agents (non-toxic) against R. mucilaginosa may be helpful for humankind, particularly in this part of the globe, in combating antifungal resistance.
Cinnamomum Malabatrum, a moderate evergreen tree, was extracted with various solvents and tested for anti-cancer activity against Dalton's ascitic lymphoma (DAL) in mice. Mice were treated with the alcoholic extract at 625 mg/kg or aqueous extract at 500 mg/kg daily. Both extracts significantly decreased solid tumor volume, increased peritoneal cell counts, and stabilized body weight loss compared to the tumor control group. Preliminary analysis found the extracts contained flavonoids, fixed oils, amino acids, tannins, and phytosterols. The results suggest Cinnamomum Malabatrum has protective effects against DAL-induced cancer in mice and warrants further study
Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of Nigella Sativa L. Oil Seed C...inventionjournals
This document analyzes the chemical composition and antifungal activity of Nigella sativa L. oil seeds cultivated in Morocco. Gas chromatography analysis found the main fatty acids to be linoleic acid (58.5%) and oleic acid (23.7%), while the main sterols were β-sitosterol and stigmasterol. Testing showed the seed oil had strong antifungal activity against Candida species, with minimum inhibitory concentrations lower than common antifungal drugs. The findings suggest Nigella seed oil could be a potential natural antifungal agent for foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products.
DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.3.16
ABSTRACT- The present research article was described about the hypotriglycerdemic activity of Withania coagulans
bud extract. Withania coagulans Dunal belonging to the family Solanaceae is a small bush which is widely spread in
South Asia. The biological activity of with anolides from Withania coagulans has antihyperglycaemic activity and the
plant is commonly called as Indian cheese maker due to the milk coagulation characteristics of the bud. The present study
was to investigate preliminary studies shows satisfactory result. The chromatographic studies like TLC, HPTLC and
HPLC show good spot. HPTLC shows maximum height and area of 18.83%.HPLC shows maximum peak at 1.867
minutes having area coverage of 87.4%.The free radical scavenging activity of chloroform fraction (CF) of a crude drug
shows 510μg/ml of scavenging activity. The IC50 value for MTT assay was found to be 84.7μg/ml. The GLUT4 study
shows significant uptake of glucose. PPAR gamma activity regulation of glucose disposal and insulin sensitivity in the
skeletal muscles shows concentration dependence response using standard Pioglitazone. The bud of Withania coagulants
will be a promising medicine for more ailments.
Key-words- Withania coagulants, Hypotriglycerdemic, HPLC, HPTLC, GLUT-4, MTT assay
Antioxidant and-anticancer-activities-of-moringa-leavesSilentdisco Berlin
Moringa is a plantfood of high nutritional value, ecologically and economically beneficial and readily available in the countries hardest hit by the food crisis. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
Chemical composition, Antioxidant and Antibacterial activity of Thuja orientalisJing Zang
The document summarizes a study on the chemical composition, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity of Thuja orientalis essential oil. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified 19 constituents making up 96.4% of the oil, with the major components being alpha-pinene (83%), sabinene (2.6%), and delta-3-carene (2.5%). The oil showed antibacterial effects against 6 bacterial strains, including both gram-positive and gram-negative, with minimum inhibitory concentration values between 12.8-25.6 mg/ml. It also exhibited antioxidant activity in DPPH free radical scavenging assays, with 49.8% scavenging at 100 μg/ml concentration. Therefore
Antibacterial acivity of tetrahydropentagamavunon 0 (thpgv-0) and tetrahydrop...Alexander Decker
THPGV-0 and THPGV-1 were synthesized from PGV-0 and PGV-1 respectively using hydrogenation. THPGV-0 showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis at concentrations of 5-10 mg/mL but no activity against E. coli. THPGV-1 showed activity against S. aureus, E. coli, and B. subtilis at lower concentrations of 0.5-1 mg/mL and was more effective than PGV-1. THPGV-1 was concluded to be a better antibacterial agent than both THPGV-0 and PGV-1.
Invitro antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of whole plant of Pedali...SriramNagarajan17
The document describes an investigation of the antioxidant activities of the methanolic extract of the whole plant of Pedalium murex. The extract showed significant free radical scavenging activities when evaluated using DPPH, superoxide anion scavenging, and iron chelating assays, compared to standard references rutin, quercetin, and EDTA. The extract demonstrated dose-dependent antioxidant effects in all three assays, with IC50 values of 260 μg/ml, 93 μg/ml, and 420 μg/ml respectively. The results indicate that the methanolic extract of P. murex possesses considerable antioxidant properties, which may be due to the presence of phytochemicals like terpenoids and flavonoids
Cycloartanes from Tabernaemontana coronaria (Jacq) Willd flowers with their c...Akhil Gupta
The n-hexane fraction of Tabernamontana coronaria (Jacq) Willd flowers afforded two cycloartane type triterpenes, cycloart-25-en-3β, 24 diol and cycloart-23-en-3β, 22α, 25triol for the first time from this plant, in addition to lupeol acetate, α-amyrin, cycloeucalenol, stigmasterol.
This document summarizes the synthesis of PhenPlatin, a new platinum-based anticancer drug, by Yasser Albaroodi. It first discusses how platinum-based drugs like cisplatin are commonly used to treat cancers but have side effects. The synthesis of PhenPlatin aims to create a platinum drug with fewer synthesis steps and higher yield. PhenPlatin was synthesized and tested for cytotoxicity against four cancer cell lines and one normal cell line. It showed moderate cytotoxicity with IC50 values around 0.3-1 μM against the cancer cells. Further studies are needed to improve the solubility of these platinum complexes to enhance their anticancer activity.
Therapeutic Evaluation of Arsenicum Album (C-200 and C-300) Against Trypanoso...inventionjournals
: In continuation from previous preliminary report on anti-trypanosomal activity of Arsenicum album in our fervent search for efficient, effective and affordable therapeutic agents from medicinal plants and other sources against the menacing disease, trypanosomosis, Arsenicum album pellets (C-200 and C-300) (homeopathic drug) at concentrations ((250-1000 µg mL-1) were screened against Trypanosoma evansi. In this method, two sets of Vero cell line were grown in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) (Sigma) in 96- well flat bottom micro culture plates (Nunc, Denmark). Each well received 100 µl of DMEM containing 5x105 cells/mL. The plates were incubated at 37๐C under 5% CO2 for 48 h to complete development of monolayer. The suspension (100 mL of medium with trypanosomes) was added at rate of 1:1 to test A. album pellets and the ELISA plates were incubated under the same conditions mentioned above. In vitro cytotoxicity test was performed on the same medium at concentrations (1.56-100 µg/mL) but without supplement of foetal calf serum in triplicate and incubated under the same conditions described previously. Results obtained indicated that at 250 µg/mL of A. album (C-200 and C-300), there was significant reductions in trypanosomes count in corresponding ELISA plate wells (40.±0.0 to 1.667±0.33) at 9th h of incubation and but no trypanosome was detected (40.±0.0 to 0.0±0.0 at 9th h in the second concentration, respectively. However, at 500 µg/ml of A. album (C-200), trypanosomes were completely killed at 7th h of incubation that was statically the same as diminazine aceturate, the reference drug at 50 µg/mL. For in vitro cytotoxic test, A. album at both concentrations was non toxic to the Vero cells, while diminazine aceturate was cytotoxic to Vero cells except at concentrations (6. 2.5-1.56 µg/mL). Trypanocidal activity was concentration-time depended. A. album (C-200 and C-300) pellets did possess significant trypanocidal activity, which could be further investigated to understand their maximal potentials.
This is an Engg Biotechnology project based on medicinal plant i.e singapore cherry or jamaican cherry tree (scientific name Muntingia calabure ), we did in 2013 in GMIT college Davangere, karanataka, India. i have complete project detail what we did..,
The document summarizes a study that investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Pterospermum acerifolium. The study found that the ethyl acetate fraction of P. acerifolium showed the highest free radical scavenging activity in various in vitro antioxidant assays. This fraction also demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory effects in both in vivo and in vitro models of inflammation. The results support the traditional use of P. acerifolium for reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.
This study investigated the antioxidant, anticancer, and chemopreventive properties of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts. Methanol and dichloromethane extracts were tested for their antioxidant activity using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. The extracts were also evaluated for their antiproliferative effects on liver, colon, and breast cancer cell lines, as well as their ability to induce quinone reductase activity in liver cells as a measure of cancer chemoprevention. The results showed that the methanol extract had higher radical scavenging activity than the dichloromethane extract. Both extracts inhibited the growth of cancer cells, but the dichloromethane extract more strongly induced
This study evaluated the antileishmanial activity of extracts from 16 Brazilian plant species against Leishmania amazonensis. The hexane extract of Dipteryx alata and the ethanolic extract of Jacaranda cuspidifolia leaves showed the highest selectivity indexes, with potent leishmanicidal activity and low cytotoxicity against murine macrophages. Treatment of infected macrophages with extracts and fractions of D. alata and J. cuspidifolia resulted in 95.8-98.3% reductions in parasite burden, suggesting a direct antileishmanial mechanism. Future studies could focus on identifying and purifying antileishmanial compounds from these plants for analysis of in vivo activity.
In vitro studies on Efflux pump Inhibition of Catharanthus roseus and piperin...inventionjournals
This study evaluated the antimycobacterial activity and efflux pump inhibition of Catharanthus roseus and piperine from Piper nigrum against ofloxacin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. GC-MS analysis identified major components in C. roseus including furfural, 2(5H)-furanone, and hydrastininic acid. Both plant extracts showed inhibitory activity against M. tuberculosis at a minimum inhibitory concentration of 50 μg/ml. Piperine significantly reduced the MIC of ofloxacin, demonstrating efflux pump inhibition, while C. roseus did not affect efflux pumps. The results suggest piperine and C. roseus have antimycobacterial effects and pip
This study evaluated the cytotoxicity of pegylated nanoliposomal cisplatin on ovarian cancer cells. Methoxypolyethylene glycol propionaldehyde was synthesized and characterized. Nanoliposomes encapsulating cisplatin were prepared using the reverse phase evaporation method and characterized. The nanoliposomes had a mean diameter of 125 nm and negative zeta potential. Cytotoxicity tests on ovarian cancer cells showed the IC50 of nanoliposomal cisplatin was lower than free cisplatin, indicating the nanoliposomal formulation was more cytotoxic. This study demonstrates pegylated nanoliposomal cisplatin has potential as a more effective cisplatin delivery system for ovarian cancer treatment.
1) The research tested 25 pyrazoline derivative compounds for their ability to inhibit the growth of the intestinal parasite Entamoeba histolytica.
2) The results showed that series 1a and 1b were the most effective at inhibiting trophozoite growth, with certain compounds performing better than the drug metronidazole.
3) The most promising individual inhibitors were compounds 5 and 14, which showed greater effectiveness than metronidazole at inhibiting growth over time at both tested concentrations.
Antinutrient profile of three mushroom varieties consumed in amaifeke, orlu, ...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated the antinutrient profile of three varieties of mushrooms consumed in Amaifeke, Imo State, Nigeria. The mushrooms included white button mushroom, oyster mushroom, and crimini mushroom. Six antinutrients were analyzed: hydrogen cyanide, saponin, phytate, oxalate, trypsin inhibitor, and hemagglutinin. The levels of these antinutrients ranged from 0.198-0.236 mg/g, 0.6656-1.001 mg/g, 0.7794-1.558 mg/100g, 0.236-0.510%, 1.857-3.476 TIμ/mg, and 1.
This document summarizes the isolation and identification of trypanocidal constituents from Garcinia intermedia leaves and Calophyllum brasiliense heartwood. Guttiferone A and 8-desoxygartanin were isolated from G. intermedia, while jacareubin, 6-deoxyjacareubin, and two tetrahydroxyxanthones were obtained from C. brasiliense. These compounds showed trypanocidal activity against Trypanosoma cruzi, which causes Chagas disease. The activity against infective trypomastigotes was also examined and compared to gossypol, berberine chloride, and harmine.
Analgesic and antipyretic activity of methanolic extract of Acacia leucophloe...pharmaindexing
This document describes a study investigating the analgesic and antipyretic activities of the methanolic extract of Acacia leucophloea bark. Rats were used to test analgesic activity using the hot plate test, with the extract showing a dose-dependent increase in latency time compared to the control. Antipyretic activity was tested using yeast-induced fever in rats, with the extract and paracetamol both reducing elevated temperatures over time. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of the extract found the presence of glycosides, alkaloids, phytosterols, saponins, flavonoids and coumarins.
Antifungal Activity of Honey with Curcuma Starch against RhodotorulaBee Healthy Farms
In vitro activity of natural honey alone and in combination with curcuma starch against rhodotorula mucilaginosa in correlation with bioactive compounds and diastase activity.
The mixture of curcuma starch and honey could lead to the development of new combination antibiotics against Rhodotorula infections. This synergistic interaction between two natural agents (non-toxic) against R. mucilaginosa may be helpful for humankind, particularly in this part of the globe, in combating antifungal resistance.
Cinnamomum Malabatrum, a moderate evergreen tree, was extracted with various solvents and tested for anti-cancer activity against Dalton's ascitic lymphoma (DAL) in mice. Mice were treated with the alcoholic extract at 625 mg/kg or aqueous extract at 500 mg/kg daily. Both extracts significantly decreased solid tumor volume, increased peritoneal cell counts, and stabilized body weight loss compared to the tumor control group. Preliminary analysis found the extracts contained flavonoids, fixed oils, amino acids, tannins, and phytosterols. The results suggest Cinnamomum Malabatrum has protective effects against DAL-induced cancer in mice and warrants further study
Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of Nigella Sativa L. Oil Seed C...inventionjournals
This document analyzes the chemical composition and antifungal activity of Nigella sativa L. oil seeds cultivated in Morocco. Gas chromatography analysis found the main fatty acids to be linoleic acid (58.5%) and oleic acid (23.7%), while the main sterols were β-sitosterol and stigmasterol. Testing showed the seed oil had strong antifungal activity against Candida species, with minimum inhibitory concentrations lower than common antifungal drugs. The findings suggest Nigella seed oil could be a potential natural antifungal agent for foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products.
DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.3.16
ABSTRACT- The present research article was described about the hypotriglycerdemic activity of Withania coagulans
bud extract. Withania coagulans Dunal belonging to the family Solanaceae is a small bush which is widely spread in
South Asia. The biological activity of with anolides from Withania coagulans has antihyperglycaemic activity and the
plant is commonly called as Indian cheese maker due to the milk coagulation characteristics of the bud. The present study
was to investigate preliminary studies shows satisfactory result. The chromatographic studies like TLC, HPTLC and
HPLC show good spot. HPTLC shows maximum height and area of 18.83%.HPLC shows maximum peak at 1.867
minutes having area coverage of 87.4%.The free radical scavenging activity of chloroform fraction (CF) of a crude drug
shows 510μg/ml of scavenging activity. The IC50 value for MTT assay was found to be 84.7μg/ml. The GLUT4 study
shows significant uptake of glucose. PPAR gamma activity regulation of glucose disposal and insulin sensitivity in the
skeletal muscles shows concentration dependence response using standard Pioglitazone. The bud of Withania coagulants
will be a promising medicine for more ailments.
Key-words- Withania coagulants, Hypotriglycerdemic, HPLC, HPTLC, GLUT-4, MTT assay
Antioxidant and-anticancer-activities-of-moringa-leavesSilentdisco Berlin
Moringa is a plantfood of high nutritional value, ecologically and economically beneficial and readily available in the countries hardest hit by the food crisis. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
Chemical composition, Antioxidant and Antibacterial activity of Thuja orientalisJing Zang
The document summarizes a study on the chemical composition, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity of Thuja orientalis essential oil. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified 19 constituents making up 96.4% of the oil, with the major components being alpha-pinene (83%), sabinene (2.6%), and delta-3-carene (2.5%). The oil showed antibacterial effects against 6 bacterial strains, including both gram-positive and gram-negative, with minimum inhibitory concentration values between 12.8-25.6 mg/ml. It also exhibited antioxidant activity in DPPH free radical scavenging assays, with 49.8% scavenging at 100 μg/ml concentration. Therefore
Antibacterial acivity of tetrahydropentagamavunon 0 (thpgv-0) and tetrahydrop...Alexander Decker
THPGV-0 and THPGV-1 were synthesized from PGV-0 and PGV-1 respectively using hydrogenation. THPGV-0 showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis at concentrations of 5-10 mg/mL but no activity against E. coli. THPGV-1 showed activity against S. aureus, E. coli, and B. subtilis at lower concentrations of 0.5-1 mg/mL and was more effective than PGV-1. THPGV-1 was concluded to be a better antibacterial agent than both THPGV-0 and PGV-1.
Invitro antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of whole plant of Pedali...SriramNagarajan17
The document describes an investigation of the antioxidant activities of the methanolic extract of the whole plant of Pedalium murex. The extract showed significant free radical scavenging activities when evaluated using DPPH, superoxide anion scavenging, and iron chelating assays, compared to standard references rutin, quercetin, and EDTA. The extract demonstrated dose-dependent antioxidant effects in all three assays, with IC50 values of 260 μg/ml, 93 μg/ml, and 420 μg/ml respectively. The results indicate that the methanolic extract of P. murex possesses considerable antioxidant properties, which may be due to the presence of phytochemicals like terpenoids and flavonoids
Cycloartanes from Tabernaemontana coronaria (Jacq) Willd flowers with their c...Akhil Gupta
The n-hexane fraction of Tabernamontana coronaria (Jacq) Willd flowers afforded two cycloartane type triterpenes, cycloart-25-en-3β, 24 diol and cycloart-23-en-3β, 22α, 25triol for the first time from this plant, in addition to lupeol acetate, α-amyrin, cycloeucalenol, stigmasterol.
This document summarizes the synthesis of PhenPlatin, a new platinum-based anticancer drug, by Yasser Albaroodi. It first discusses how platinum-based drugs like cisplatin are commonly used to treat cancers but have side effects. The synthesis of PhenPlatin aims to create a platinum drug with fewer synthesis steps and higher yield. PhenPlatin was synthesized and tested for cytotoxicity against four cancer cell lines and one normal cell line. It showed moderate cytotoxicity with IC50 values around 0.3-1 μM against the cancer cells. Further studies are needed to improve the solubility of these platinum complexes to enhance their anticancer activity.
Therapeutic Evaluation of Arsenicum Album (C-200 and C-300) Against Trypanoso...inventionjournals
: In continuation from previous preliminary report on anti-trypanosomal activity of Arsenicum album in our fervent search for efficient, effective and affordable therapeutic agents from medicinal plants and other sources against the menacing disease, trypanosomosis, Arsenicum album pellets (C-200 and C-300) (homeopathic drug) at concentrations ((250-1000 µg mL-1) were screened against Trypanosoma evansi. In this method, two sets of Vero cell line were grown in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) (Sigma) in 96- well flat bottom micro culture plates (Nunc, Denmark). Each well received 100 µl of DMEM containing 5x105 cells/mL. The plates were incubated at 37๐C under 5% CO2 for 48 h to complete development of monolayer. The suspension (100 mL of medium with trypanosomes) was added at rate of 1:1 to test A. album pellets and the ELISA plates were incubated under the same conditions mentioned above. In vitro cytotoxicity test was performed on the same medium at concentrations (1.56-100 µg/mL) but without supplement of foetal calf serum in triplicate and incubated under the same conditions described previously. Results obtained indicated that at 250 µg/mL of A. album (C-200 and C-300), there was significant reductions in trypanosomes count in corresponding ELISA plate wells (40.±0.0 to 1.667±0.33) at 9th h of incubation and but no trypanosome was detected (40.±0.0 to 0.0±0.0 at 9th h in the second concentration, respectively. However, at 500 µg/ml of A. album (C-200), trypanosomes were completely killed at 7th h of incubation that was statically the same as diminazine aceturate, the reference drug at 50 µg/mL. For in vitro cytotoxic test, A. album at both concentrations was non toxic to the Vero cells, while diminazine aceturate was cytotoxic to Vero cells except at concentrations (6. 2.5-1.56 µg/mL). Trypanocidal activity was concentration-time depended. A. album (C-200 and C-300) pellets did possess significant trypanocidal activity, which could be further investigated to understand their maximal potentials.
This is an Engg Biotechnology project based on medicinal plant i.e singapore cherry or jamaican cherry tree (scientific name Muntingia calabure ), we did in 2013 in GMIT college Davangere, karanataka, India. i have complete project detail what we did..,
The document summarizes a study that investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Pterospermum acerifolium. The study found that the ethyl acetate fraction of P. acerifolium showed the highest free radical scavenging activity in various in vitro antioxidant assays. This fraction also demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory effects in both in vivo and in vitro models of inflammation. The results support the traditional use of P. acerifolium for reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.
Similar to Immunogenicity analysis of triterpene glycoside from holothuria atra to detecting fas and BCL-2 protein on the SP-C1 cell of tongue carcinoma
This study investigated the antioxidant, anticancer, and chemopreventive properties of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts. Methanol and dichloromethane extracts were tested for their antioxidant activity using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. The extracts were also evaluated for their antiproliferative effects on liver, colon, and breast cancer cell lines, as well as their ability to induce quinone reductase activity in liver cells as a measure of cancer chemoprevention. The results showed that the methanol extract had higher radical scavenging activity than the dichloromethane extract. Both extracts inhibited the growth of cancer cells, but the dichloromethane extract more strongly induced
This study evaluated the antileishmanial activity of extracts from 16 Brazilian plant species against Leishmania amazonensis. The hexane extract of Dipteryx alata and the ethanolic extract of Jacaranda cuspidifolia leaves showed the highest selectivity indexes, with potent leishmanicidal activity and low cytotoxicity against murine macrophages. Treatment of infected macrophages with extracts and fractions of D. alata and J. cuspidifolia resulted in 95.8-98.3% reductions in parasite burden, suggesting a direct antileishmanial mechanism. Future studies could focus on identifying and purifying antileishmanial compounds from these plants for analysis of in vivo activity.
In vitro studies on Efflux pump Inhibition of Catharanthus roseus and piperin...inventionjournals
This study evaluated the antimycobacterial activity and efflux pump inhibition of Catharanthus roseus and piperine from Piper nigrum against ofloxacin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. GC-MS analysis identified major components in C. roseus including furfural, 2(5H)-furanone, and hydrastininic acid. Both plant extracts showed inhibitory activity against M. tuberculosis at a minimum inhibitory concentration of 50 μg/ml. Piperine significantly reduced the MIC of ofloxacin, demonstrating efflux pump inhibition, while C. roseus did not affect efflux pumps. The results suggest piperine and C. roseus have antimycobacterial effects and pip
This research article investigates the effects of the natural flavonoid luteolin on colon cancer cells. The researchers found that physiological concentrations of luteolin induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells by increasing levels of the sphingolipid ceramide. Luteolin inhibits the conversion of ceramide to more complex sphingolipids and disrupts the transport of ceramide between organelles. These effects are mediated by luteolin's ability to inhibit the enzymes sphingosine kinase 2 and Akt, thereby reducing levels of the molecule sphingosine-1-phosphate which normally promotes cell survival. Overall, the study reveals that luteolin exerts anticancer effects by targeting the balance between ceramide and sphingosine-1-
Cytotoxicity of Blended Versus Single Medicinal Mushroom Extracts on Human Ca...Jolene1981
ABSTRACT: The use of mushrooms contributes to human nutrition by providing low lipid content of lipids and high dietary fiber content, as well as significant content of other biologically active compounds such as polysaccharides, minerals, vitamins, and polyphenolic antioxidants. This study aimed to determine the content of polyphenols and polysaccharides, as well as the cytotoxic and antioxidative properties of several medicinal mushroom preparations. The content of total phenols and flavonoids of preparations of blended mushroom extracts (Lentifom, Super Polyporin, Agarikon, Agarikon Plus, Agarikon.1, and Mykoprotect.1) was evaluated quantitatively by using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy spectrophotometric methods. The antioxidant capacity of the preparations was evaluated using the ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) and ferric reducing/antioxidant power assays. The content of water-soluble polysaccharides was determined using a specific gravimetric method, based on ethanol precipitation. To determine cytotoxic effects of single and blended mushroom extracts, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and neutral red assays were conducted using human small cell lung cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, colon cancer, and brain astrocytoma cancer cells. The obtained results suggest that due to the significant content of beneficial polyphenolic antioxidants and soluble polysaccharides, use of these mushroom preparations is beneficial in maintaining good health, as well as in the prevention and adjuvant biotherapy of various human pathological aberrations. These results reveal that these extracts exhibit different cytotoxic effects on tumor cells originating from different tissues. In addition, the comparison of investigated blended mushroom extracts with three well-known commercial mushroom products derived from single mushroom species or single mushroom compounds shows that blended mushroom extracts exhibit significantly stronger cytotoxic effects on human tumor cell lines.
The document describes a study that isolated and characterized anti-cancer compounds from marine bacteria. Bacteria were isolated from soil samples and their extracts were screened on cancer cell lines. The ethyl acetate extract of one isolate inhibited cancer cell growth by 87.34% and was non-toxic. 16S rRNA sequencing identified the bacterium as Micrococcus luteus. GC-MS analysis identified the active compound as pyrrolo(1,2-alpha)pyrazine-1,4-dione hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl). This compound from M. luteus shows potential as a natural anti-cancer agent.
Anti neoplastic effect of Eclipta prostrata L. (HepG2) cell lines. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a tumor of the liver. HCC is responsible for over 12,000 deaths per year in the United States. It is one of the serious health problems in most developing countries. The present probe proved that ethanol extract of Eclipta prostrata L. significantly suppressed the growth and induced the apoptosis in the liver cancer (HepG2) cell lines. IC50 dose was measured with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium. 100 μg of extract showed 50% reduction of in HepG2 cell line growth at 48 h of incubation. The whole plant of E. prostrata L. extract-induced apoptotic features of cell death was stained with acridine orange. The intracellular enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase were slightly decreased in their activities when compared to control. Thus, the study resolves that E. prostrata L. extract is an effective to prevent or retard the spread of malignant cells and antineoplastic effect.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of melatonin on inflammatory responses induced by Prevotella intermedia lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in murine macrophages. The study found that melatonin suppressed the LPS-induced production of nitric oxide and interleukin-6 by inhibiting the NF-κB and STAT1 signaling pathways. Melatonin blocked NF-κB signaling by inhibiting the nuclear translocation and DNA-binding activity of the NF-κB p50 subunit. This suggests that melatonin may help reduce host inflammatory responses associated with periodontal disease by modulating these signaling pathways and inflammatory mediators.
Hepatoprotective Effect of Cestrum parqui L. aerial parts and Phytochemical ...Jing Zang
This study deals with the investigation of hepatoprotective effect of 70% methanolic extract from Cestrum parqui aerial parts and determination of the bioactive components of the plant. The hepatoprotective effect of Cestrum parqui methanol extract (100, 500, 1000 mg/kg) was analysed on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury. The administration of a single dose of 40% CCl4 (1ml/kg b.w.) causes an increase in the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspirate aminotransferase (AST) enzymes and so pretreated orally of a dose from Cestrum parqui methanol extract (100, 500, 1000 mg/kg) and silymarin (200 mg/kg) for three consecutive days prior to The administration of a single dose of CCl4 significantly prevented the increase in the activities of these enzymes. Histological analysis showed that Cestrum parqui methanol extract at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg and silymarin reduced the incidence of liver lesions including vacuole formation, neutrophil infiltration and necrosis of hepatocytes induced by CCl4. The extract cause a negative result on the antioxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRd) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level in liver, as compared to those in the CCl4-treated group and this suggests that the hepatoprotective activity of the extract is due to the antioxidant effect of the extract. Phytochemical analysis of the methanol extract from Cestrum parqui aerial parts showed that it contained different phytoconstituents, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, terpenes and carbohydrates.
This document summarizes a study analyzing the secondary metabolites produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and evaluating its anti-fungal activity. GC-MS analysis identified 24 bioactive compounds in the bacterium's methanolic extract. Testing found that volatile compounds produced by P. fluorescens strongly suppressed the growth of the fungus Trichoderma horzianum. Several medicinal plants also demonstrated high antimicrobial activity against P. fluorescens and other microbes. The study concludes that P. fluorescens produces biologically active secondary metabolites with potential for development as new antimicrobial agents.
In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity of Medicinal Plants Used in the Treatment of CancerIJSTA
This study evaluated the in vitro cytotoxic activity of extracts from six Indian medicinal plants traditionally used to treat cancer. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of plant parts were tested against four human cancer cell lines. Calotropis procera, Ocimum sanctum and Cannabis sativa extracts showed high cytotoxic activity against the cell lines. The extracts demonstrated selectivity in their activity against different cell types. O. sanctum, C. procera, C. sativa and Trigonella foenum-graecum inhibited over 70% of cell growth, indicating anticancer activity. Chenopodium rubrum was active against colon cell lines. The results provide support for the traditional use of some plants for cancer treatment and identify
Voss et al. - 2006 - Identification of potent anticancer activity in XiCristina Voss
An aqueous extract from Ximenia americana, a plant used in African traditional medicine, showed potent anticancer activity against various human and rat cancer cell lines. The extract was cytotoxic with IC50 values ranging from 1.7 to 170 mg/ml. In vivo, the extract significantly reduced tumor burden in a rat model of colorectal cancer when administered either orally or intraperitoneally. Phytochemical analysis identified the active compounds as proteins that bind galactose, with one protein containing an amino acid sequence identical to a peptide from the toxic ribosome-inactivating protein ricin. This suggests the extract's anticancer mechanism differs from common chemotherapeutics.
This study was designed to evaluate cytotoxic of
70% ethanolic crude extract of Portulaca oleracea L on normal
human lymphocytes (in vitro) In vitro two, parameters were
conducted; mitotic index (MI) and blast index (BI) .The cytotoxic
effect of plant extract of Portulaca oleracea at (6.4, 3.2, 1.6, 0.8,
0.4 and 0.2 mg/ml) on normal human peripheral lymphocytes in
vitro, for 72 hrs was studied. Results indicated a positive
relationship between Mitotic index (MI) values and concentration
of ethanolic plant extract (0.467±0.03, 0.467±0.09, 0.300±0.06,
0.267±0.07, 0.300±0.07 and 0.267±0.07) respectively, no
significant differences noted (P≥0.01) among effects of different
concentrations. Mitotic index value of positive control treatment
(PHA) (0.700±0.12) differed significantly (P≤0.01) with all
concentrations. Blast index (BI) values following treatment with
different concentration of ethanolic extract of Portulaca oleracea
(6.4, 3.2, 1.6, 0.8, 0.4 and 0.2 mg/ ml) were (4.03±0.37,
3.70±0.17, 3.30±0.61, 3.13±0.24 and 2.77±0.20), without
significant differences (P≥0.01).Following treatment with the
highest concentration of plant extract (6.4 mg/ml), the BI value
was (5.37±0.30) significantly higher (P≤0.01) than those
following treatment with other concentrations. Positive control
treatment showed highly significant elevation (P≤0.01) in BI
(7.67±0.56) compared with all treatments.
Extraction, chemical composition, use in induced protection and cross-reactiv...IJEAB
Exopolysaccharides (PS) are the major components on the surface of bacteria and also produced by fungi. These molecules are important in human health, in order to control diabetes as well as protect plants against attacks of foliage diseases. The objective of the present work was to study the partial chemical structure of the carbohydrate, use in control disease in plants and cross-serological relationship (cross-reactive antigens between isolates from fungi (Tremella fuciformis (Tf) and bacteria (Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri (Xcc)). Tf was developed in culture medium containing sorghum seeds during 20 days, and Xcc in the PDA (potato dextrose agar) medium for an 8 days period. The polysaccharide was removed from the culture medium, precipitated with ethanol, and quantified total sugar. By TLC was observed that 2 isolates presented galactose, glucose, mannose, arabinose and xylose in different proportions. Fucose and ribose was not found in the PS from Xcc but present in Tf. In ELISA, antiserum to Xcc revealed an antigenic homologous reaction with the same bacteria and heterologous with Tf. Barley plants pretreated with PS from Tf and later challenged with conidia from B.sorokiniana, demonstrated protection against the pathogen. Results suggested that PS from Tf presented induction of protection. Both PS (antigens) present an identical epitope demonstrated by reaction in Elisa test. The antibody against Xcc was specific for an epitope and bounded to another antigen due to having similar chemical properties.
Influence of Ethanolic Extractives of Leaves of Mulberry, Morus Alba (L) On 7...iosrjce
The study deals with investigation of thechemopreventive potential and antilipidperoxidative effects
of ethanolic leaf extract of mulberry, Morus alba (L) (TpEt) on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-
induced buccal pouch carcinoma in Syrian hamster, Mesocricetusauratus (L). Oral squamous cell carcinoma
was developed in the buccal pouch of Syrian golden hamsters, by painting with 0.5% DMBA in liquid paraffin,
thrice a week, for 14 weeks. The tumor incidence, volume and burden were determined. Oral administration
ofTpEt at a dose of 300 mg/kg, body weight, to DMBA (on alternate days for 14 weeks)- painted animals
significantly prevented the incidence, volume and burden of the tumor. TpEt showed potent antilipidperoxidative
effect, as well as enhanced the antioxidant status in DMBA- painted animals. TpEt has potent chemopreventive
efficacy and significant antilipidperoxidative effect, in DMBA-induced oral carcinogenesis. The active principle
of mulberry leaf may have the abilities of induction of apoptosis, which involve disruption of mitochondrial
membrane potential, release of cytochrome C and activation of caspase. With it’s bioactive compounds,
mulberry, Morus alba (L) may open a new avenue in the cancer prevention and treatment.
This study investigated the antimicrobial activity of ethanol and chloroform extracts of Spirulina platensis against clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Paratyphi. The ethanol extract showed variable zones of inhibition against the isolates ranging from 9.5-16 mm for S. Typhi and 9.7-14 mm for S. Paratyphi. However, the chloroform extract did not show any inhibitory effect. While the zones of inhibition were smaller than the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, this study provides promising evidence for developing a natural treatment for infections caused by these Salmonella serovars using S. platensis extracts.
1. The document presents the discovery of JSI-124, a selective inhibitor of the JAK/STAT3 pathway, which was identified from screening a library of compounds for inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation in cancer cells.
2. JSI-124 was found to reduce phospho-STAT3 levels in multiple human cancer cell lines and block STAT3 DNA binding and gene transcription, inhibiting tumor growth.
3. JSI-124 selectively targeted STAT3 signaling over other pathways and showed potent antitumor activity against human tumor xenografts in mouse models, demonstrating its potential as an anticancer therapeutic targeting the STAT3 pathway.
IRF5 Promotes the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and is Regulated by...daranisaha
The IRF family of proteins involves in the tumor progression. However, but the functions of IRF5 in the tumorigenesis are largely unknown. Here, IRF5 was found to be up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Interfering with IRF5 inhibited the growth and tumorigenic ability of HCC cells. When studying the molecular mechanism, it was found that TRIM35 interacted with IRF5, promoting the ubiquitination and degradation of IRF5. In the clinical specimens of HCC, TRIM35 was negatively correlated with the expression of IRF5. These observations reveal the oncogenic function of IRF5 in the progression of HCC, suggesting that IRF5 is a promising target for the therapy of HCC.
Similar to Immunogenicity analysis of triterpene glycoside from holothuria atra to detecting fas and BCL-2 protein on the SP-C1 cell of tongue carcinoma (20)
ON OPTIMALITY OF THE INDEX OF SUM, PRODUCT, MAXIMUM, AND MINIMUM OF FINITE BA...UniversitasGadjahMada
Chaatit, Mascioni, and Rosenthal de ned nite Baire index for a bounded real-valued function f on a separable metric space, denoted by i(f), and proved that for any bounded functions f and g of nite Baire index, i(h) i(f) + i(g), where h is any of the functions f + g, fg, f ˅g, f ^ g. In this paper, we prove that the result is optimal in the following sense : for each n; k < ω, there exist functions f; g such that i(f) = n, i(g) = k, and i(h) = i(f) + i(g).
Toward a framework for an undergraduate academic tourism curriculum in Indone...UniversitasGadjahMada
We analyse policy documents as well opinions of stakeholders contributing to the development of the undergraduate academic tourism curriculum, namely: The Government which develops the general framework for curriculum development in Indonesian universities; non-governmental tourism associations which assist universities with opinions and guidance; tourism academics who develop and implement the curriculum in the classroom; and tourism trade associations. Two issues characterize the development of the tourism curriculum namely: determining the appropriate balance between vocational and academic frameworks, and an aspiration to move from inter- to mono-disciplinary instruction.
Association of the HLA-B alleles with carbamazepine-induced Stevens–Johnson s...UniversitasGadjahMada
Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a common cause of life-threatening cutaneous adverse drug reactions such as Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Previous studies have reported a strong association between the HLA genotype and CBZ-induced SJS/TEN.We investigated the association between the HLA genotype and CBZ-induced SJS/TEN in Javanese and Sundanese patients in Indonesia. Nine unrelated patients with CBZ-induced SJS/TEN and 236 healthy Javanese and Sundanese controls were genotyped for HLA-B and their allele frequencies were compared. The HLA-B*15:02 allele was found in 66.7% of the patients with CBZ-induced SJS/TEN, but only in 29.4% of tolerant control (p = 0.029; odds ratio [OR]: 6.5; 95% CI: 1.2–33.57) and 22.9% of healthy controls (p = 0.0021; OR: 6.78; 95% CI: 1.96– 23.38). These findings support the involvement of HLA-B*15:02 in CBZ-induced SJS/TEN reported in other Asian populations. Interestingly, we also observed the presence of the HLA-B*15:21 allele. HLA-B*15:02 and HLA-B*15:21 are members of the HLA-B75 serotype, for which a greater frequency was observed in CBZ-induced SJS/TEN (vs tolerant control [p = 0.0078; OR: 12; 95% CI: 1.90–75.72] and vs normal control [p = 0.0018; OR: 8.56; 95% CI: 1.83–40]). Our findings suggest that screening for the HLA-B75 serotype can predict the risk of CBZ-induced SJS/TEN more accurately than screening for a specific allele.
Characteristics of glucomannan isolated from fresh tuber of Porang (Amorphoph...UniversitasGadjahMada
Porang is a potential source of glucomannan. This research objective was to find a direct glucomannan isolation method from fresh porang corm to produce high purity glucomannan. Two isolation methods were performed. In first method, sample was water dissolved using Al2(SO4)3 as flocculant for 15 (AA15) or 30 (AA30) minutes with purification. In second method, sample was repeatedly milled using ethanol as solvent and filtered for 5 (EtOH5) or 7 (EtOH7) times without purification. The characteristics of obtained glucomannan were compared to those of commercial porang flour (CPF) and purified konjac glucomannan (PKG). High purity (90.98%), viscosity (27,940 cps) and transparency (57.74 %) of amorphous glucomannan were isolated by EtOH7. Ash and protein level significantly reduced to 0.57% and 0.31%, respectively, with no starch content. Water holding capacity (WHC) of EtOH7 glucomannan significantly enhanced, whereas its solubility was lower than those of PKG due to its ungrounded native granular form.
Phylogenetic Analysis of Newcastle Disease Virus from Indonesian Isolates Bas...UniversitasGadjahMada
This study was conducted to analyze phylogenetic of Indonesian newcastle disease virus(NDV) isolates based on fusion (F) protein-encoding gene, with aim to determine which genotype group of Indonesian NDV isolates, compared to vaccine strain that circulating in Indonesia.
Land Capability for Cattle-Farming in the Merapi Volcanic Slope of Sleman Reg...UniversitasGadjahMada
This research carried out to study the cattle farming development based on the land capability in rural areas of the Merapi Volcanic slope of Sleman Regency Yogyakarta after eruption 2010. Samples taken were Glagaharjo village (Cangkringan Sub-District) as impacted area and Wonokerto village (Turi Sub-District) as unimpacted area. Survey method used were to land evaluation analysis supported by Geographic Information System (GIS) software. Materials used were Indonesian topographical basemap (RBI) in 1:25000 scale, IKONOS image [2015], land use map, landform map, and slope map as supple- ments. Potential analysis of land capability for cattle forage using the production unit in kg of TDN per AU. The result showed that based on the land capability class map, both villages had potential of carrying capacity for forage feed that could still be increased as much as 1,661.32 AU in Glagaharjo and 1,948.13 AU in Wonokerto.
When anti-corruption norms lead to undesirable results: learning from the Ind...UniversitasGadjahMada
This paper analyzes how and why adverse side-effects have occurred in the implementation of two articles of Indonesia’s anti-corruption law. These articles prohibit unlawful acts which may be detrimental to the finances of the state. Indeed, the lawmakers had good intentions when they drafted the two articles. They wanted to make it easier to convict corrupt individuals by lowering the standard of evidence required to prove criminal liability. The implementation of these articles has raised legal uncertainty. The loose definition of the elements of the crime enables negligence and imperfection of (public) contracts to be considered as corruption. The Constitutional Court has issued two rulings to restrict and guide the interpretation of these articles. However, law enforcement agencies (Supreme Court and public prosecutors) have been unwilling to adhere to the rulings. There are two possible reasons for this. First, as has been argued by several commentators, the law enforcement agencies have misinterpreted the concept of Bunlawfulness^. Besides, the law enforcement agencies wish to be seen to be committed to prosecuting and delivering convictions in corruption cases. To do so, they need to maintain looser definitions of the elements of the offence. This paper endorses the Constitutional Court rulings and provides additional reasons in support of their stance. The paper can be considered as a case study for other countries that may be contemplating similar legislation.
Receptor binding and antigenic site analysis of hemagglutinin gene fragments ...UniversitasGadjahMada
We reported a retrospective study on hemagglutinin (HA) gene fragments of Avian Influenza (AI) viruses recovered between 2010 to 2012, using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) followed by sequencing. The results provide information about the receptor binding sites (RBS) and antigenic sites character of HA gene of AI viruses in Indonesia. Viral RNA was extracted from allantoic fluid of specific pathogen free (SPF) of chicken embryonated eggs inoculated by AI suspected samples. Amplification was performed by using H5 specific primers to produce amplification target of 544 bp. The resulting sequences were analyzed with MEGA-5 consisting of multiple alignment, deductive amino acid prediction, and phylogenetic tree analysis. The results showed that out of the 12 samples amplified using RT-PCR technique, only 7 were detected to be avian influenza serotype H5 viruses. Sequence analysis of AIV H5 positive samples, showed a binding preference towards avian type receptors. Antigenic site analysis is consistent with the previous report, however, the antigenic site B at position 189 showed that the residue had undergone mutation from arginine to methionine. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that these viruses were clustered into clade 2.1.3. Our report supports the importance of the previous study of RBS and antigenic properties of HPAI H5N1 in Indonesia.
Sustaining the unsustainable? Environmental impact assessment and overdevelop...UniversitasGadjahMada
Bali faces serious environmental crises arising from overdevelopment of the tourism and real estate industry, including water shortage, rapid conversion of agricultural land, pollution, and economic and cultural displacement. This article traces continuities and discontinuities in the role of Indonesian environmental impact assessment (EIA) during and since the authoritarian ‘New Order’ period. Following the fall of the Suharto regime in 1998, the ‘Reform Era’ brought dramatic changes, democratizing and decentralizing Indonesia’s governing institutions. Focusing on case studies of resort development projects in Bali from the 1990s to the present, this study examines the ongoing capture of legal processes by vested interests at the expense of prospects for sustainable development. Two particularly controversial projects in Benoa Bay, proposed in the different historical and structural settings of the two eras—the Bali Turtle Island Development (BTID) at Serangan Island in the Suharto era and the Tirta Wahana Bali Internasional (TWBI) proposal for the other side of Benoa in the ‘Reform Era’—enable instructive comparison. The study finds that despite significant changes in the environmental law regime, the EIA process still finds itself a tool of powerful interests in the efforts of political and economic elites to maintain control of decision-making and to displace popular opposition forces to the margins.
Magnetogama is an open schematic handassembled fluxgate magnetometer. Compared to another magnetometer, Magnetogama has more benefit concerning its price and its ease of use. Practically Magnetogama can be utilized either in land or attached to an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Magnetogama was designed to give open access to a cheap and accurate alternative to magnetometer sensor. Therefore it can be used as a standard design which is directly applicable to the low-budget company or education purposes. Schematic, code and several verification tests were presented in this article ensuring its reproducibility. Magnetogama has been tested with two kind of tests: a comparison with two nearest observatories at Learmonth (LRM) and Kakadu (KDU) and the response of magnetic substance.
Limitations in the screening of potentially anti-cryptosporidial agents using...UniversitasGadjahMada
The emergence of cryptosporidiosis, a zoonotic disease of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract caused by Cryptosporidium Tyzzer, 1907, triggered numerous screening studies of various compounds for potential anti-cryptosporidial activity, the majority of which proved ineffective. Extracts of Indonesian plants, Piper betle and Diospyros sumatrana, were tested for potential anticryptosporidial activity using Mastomys coucha (Smith), experimentally inoculated with Cryptosporidium proliferans Kváč, Havrdová, Hlásková, Daňková, Kanděra, Ježková, Vítovec, Sak, Ortega, Xiao, Modrý, Chelladurai, Prantlová et McEvoy, 2016. None of the plant extracts tested showed significant activity against cryptosporidia; however, the results indicate that the following issues should be addressed in similar experimental studies. The monitoring of oocyst shedding during the entire experimental trial, supplemented with histological examination of affected gastric tissue at the time of treatment termination, revealed that similar studies are generally unreliable if evaluations of drug efficacy are based exclusively on oocyst shedding. Moreover, the reduction of oocyst shedding did not guarantee the eradication of cryptosporidia in treated individuals. For treatment trials performed on experimentally inoculated laboratory rodents, only animals in the advanced phase of cryptosporidiosis should be used for the correct interpretation of pathological alterations observed in affected tissue. All the solvents used (methanol, methanol-tetrahydrofuran and dimethylsulfoxid) were shown to be suitable for these studies, i.e. they did not exhibit negative effects on the subjects. The halofuginone lactate, routinely administered in intestinal cryptosporidiosis in calves, was shown to be ineffective against gastric cryptosporidiosis in mice caused by C. proliferans. In contrast, the control application of extract Arabidopsis thaliana, from which we had expected a neutral effect, turned out to have some positive impact on affected gastric tissue.
Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of Amomum compactum essent...UniversitasGadjahMada
This document summarizes research on the development of a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) for Amomum compactum essential oil. Key points:
- Virgin coconut oil was selected as the carrier oil due to its high solubility of the essential oil compared to other oils tested.
- A D-optimal mixture design was used to optimize the SNEDDS formulation, with emulsification time and transmittance as the response variables.
- The optimized formulation contained 10% Amomum compactum essential oil, 10% virgin coconut oil, 65.71% Tween 80 surfactant, and 14.29% PEG 400 co-surfactant.
Attenuation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence by Some Indonesian Medicinal ...UniversitasGadjahMada
This study aims to discover quorum sensing inhibitors (QSI) from some Indonesian medicinal plants ethanol extract to analyze their inhibitory activities against QS-mediated virulence factors in P. aeruginosa using in-vitro experimental study-laboratory setting. Indonesian medicinal plant ethanolic extracts were tested for their capability to inhibit P. aeruginosa motility, biofilm formation using microtiter plate method, pyocyanin and LasA production using LasA staphylolytic assay. Statistical significance of the data were determined using one way ANOVA, followed by Dunnett’s test. Differences were considered significant with P values of 0.05 or less. The findings obtained showed that Ethanolic extract of T. catappa leaves and A. alitilis flower capable to inhibit P. aeruginosa motility as well as pyocyanin production and biofilm formation. Both extracts also showed capability in reducing LasA protease production. It is concluded that T. catappa and A. alitilis are an interesting sources of innovative plant derived quorum quenching compound(s), thus can be used in the development of new antipathogenic drug.
Short-chain alcohols are a group of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are often found in workplaces and laboratories, as well as medical, pharmaceutical, and food industries. Realtime monitoring of alcohol vapors is essential because exposure to alcohol vapors with concentrations of 0.15–0.30 mg·L−1 may be harmful to human health. This study aims to improve the detection capabilities of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM)-based sensors for the analysis of alcohol vapors. The active layer of chitosan was immobilized onto the QCM substrate through a selfassembled monolayer of L-cysteine using glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking agent. Before alcohol analysis, the QCM sensing chip was exposed to humidity because water vapor significantly interferes with QCM gas sensing. The prepared QCM sensor chip was tested for the detection of four different alcohols: n-propanol, ethanol, isoamyl alcohol, and n-amyl alcohol. For comparison, a non-alcohol of acetone was also tested. The prepared QCM sensing chip is selective to alcohols because of hydrogen bond formation between the hydroxyl groups of chitosan and the analyte. The highest response was achieved when the QCM sensing chip was exposed to n-amyl alcohol vapor, with a sensitivity of about 4.4 Hz·mg−1·L. Generally, the sensitivity of the QCM sensing chip is dependent on the molecular weight of alcohol. Moreover, the developed QCM sensing chips are stable after 10 days of repeated measurements, with a rapid response time of only 26 s. The QCM sensing chip provides an alternative method to established analytical methods such as gas chromatography for the detection of short-chain alcohol vapors.
APPLICATION OF CLONAL SELECTION IMMUNE SYSTEM METHOD FOR OPTIMIZATION OF DIST...UniversitasGadjahMada
This paper proposes an application of clonal selection immune system method for optimization of distribution network. The distribution network with high-performance is a network that has a low power loss, better voltage profile, and loading balance among feeders. The task for improving the performance of the distribution network is optimization of network configuration. The optimization has become a necessary study with the presence of DG in entire networks. In this work, optimization of network configuration is based on an AIS algorithm. The methodology has been tested in a model of 33 bus IEEE radial distribution networks with and without DG integration. The results have been showed that the optimal configuration of the distribution network is able to reduce power loss and to improve the voltage profile of the distribution network significantly.
Screening of resistant Indonesian black rice cultivars against bacterial leaf...UniversitasGadjahMada
The document summarizes a study that screened Indonesian black rice cultivars for resistance to bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Five black rice cultivars and four white rice cultivars were inoculated with the bacteria and their resistance was evaluated based on disease symptoms and gene expression. The cultivar showing the best resistance was Cempo Ireng, which had the lowest disease intensity and expressed resistance genes xa5, Xa10, Xa21, and RPP13-like after inoculation. Cempo Ireng was identified as the most resistant cultivar and potential source of resistance genes for breeding programs.
This article analyzes the life of young millennial Salafi-niqabi in Surakarta and their strategies in dealing with power relations in their everyday lives. Studies on Salafi in Indonesia have focused more on global Salafimovements, power politics, links with fundamentalist-radical movements, state security and criticism of Salafi religious doctrine. Although there are several studies that try to portray the daily life of this religious group, the majority of previous studies focused on formal institutions and male Salafi. Very few studies have addressed the lives of Salafi women. This is likely due to the difficulty of approaching this group because of their exclusivity, and their restrictions on interacting with the outside world. Using Macleod’s theory of ‘accommodating protest’ within the framework of everyday politics, agency, and power relations, this research found that young millennial Salafi-niqabi have a unique method of negotiating with the modern and globalized world. Through what Macleod calls an accommodation which is at the same time a protest, young Salafi-niqabi have experienced hijrah as a form of negotiation of their millennial identity.
Application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi accelerates the growth of shoot r...UniversitasGadjahMada
This document summarizes a study that examined the effects of applying different doses of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculum on shoot root growth of five sugarcane clones. The key findings are:
1) Application of 2-3 g of AMF inoculum/bud chips resulted in faster and greater root colonization compared to the control, reaching 57-100% colonization within 5 days.
2) AMF inoculation significantly increased shoot root traits like root length, surface area, and number of shoot roots, especially for clones BL, VMC, and PS864.
3) AMF application of 2-3 g/bud chips also significantly increased seedling
SHAME AS A CULTURAL INDEX OF ILLNESS AND RECOVERY FROM PSYCHOTIC ILLNESS IN JAVAUniversitasGadjahMada
Most studies of shame have focused on stigma as a form of social response and a socio-psychological consequence of mental illness. This study aims at exploring more complex Javanese meanings of shame in relation to psychotic illness. Six psychotic patients and their family members participated in this research. Ethnographic fieldwork was conducted in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Thematic analysis of the data showed that participants used shame in three different ways. First, as a cultural index of illness and recovery. Family members identified their member as being ill when they had lost their sense of shame. If a patient exhibited behavior that indicated the reemergence of shame, the family saw this as an indication of recovery. Second, as an indication of relapse. Third, as a barrier toward recovery. In conclusion, shame is used as a cultural index of illness and recovery because it associated with the moral-behavioral control. Shame may also be regarded as a form of consciousness associated with the emergence of insight. Further study with a larger group of sample is needed to explore shame as a ‘socio-cultural marker’ for psychotic illness in Java.
Frequency and Risk-Factors Analysis of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Bali-CattleUniversitasGadjahMada
Cattle are known as the main reservoir of zoonotic agents verocytotoxin producing Escherichia coli. These bacteria are usually isolated from calves with diarrhea and / or mucus and blood. Tolerance of these agents to the environmental conditions will strengthen of their transmission among livestock. A total of 238 cattle fecal samples from four sub-districts in Badung, Bali were used in this study. Epidemiological data observed include cattle age, sex, cattle rearing system, the source of drinking water, weather, altitude, and type of cage floor, the cleanliness of cage floor, the slope of cage floor, and the level of cattle cleanliness. The study was initiated by culturing of samples onto eosin methylene blue agar, then Gram stained, and tested for indole, methyl-red, voges proskauer, and citrate, Potential E.coli isolates were then cultured onto sorbitol MacConkey agar, and further tested using O157 latex agglutination test and H7 antisera. Molecular identification was performed by analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, and epidemiological data was analyzed using
STATA 12.0 software. The results showed, the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in cattle at Badung regency was 6.30% (15/238) covering four sub districts i.e. Petang, Abiansemal, Mengwi, and Kuta which their prevalence was 8.62%(5/58), 10%(6/60), 3.33%(2/60), and 3.33(2/60)%, respectively. The analysis of 16S rRNA gene confirmed of isolates as an E. coli O157:H7 strain with 99% similarities. Furthermore, the risk factors analysis showed that the slope of the cage floor has a highly significant effect (P<0.05) to the distribution of infection. Consequently, implementing this factor must be concerned in order to decrease of infection.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...AbdullaAlAsif1
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
2. 249
Asian J Pharm Clin Res, Vol 11, Issue 6, 2018, 248-252
Arma et al.
targeted therapy. The study of triterpene glycoside H. atra to detect the
Bcl-2 and Fas protein has been not reported this far. In consequence,
this research was reposted the role of triterpene glycoside H. atra to
induce the Bcl-2 and Fas protein-regulated apoptosis in Sp-C1 cell of
tongue carcinoma.
METHODS
Materials
The research has approved with the ethical clearance No.730/TGL/
KEPK/FK USU-RSUP HAM/2016 issued by Faculty of Medicine,
University of Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia. The eight
concentrations of triterpene glycoside of H. atra assayed on the
Sp-C1 cell related the immune-expression of Bcl-2 and Fas proteins,
cytotoxicity assay, and apoptosis assay.
Purification of triterpene glycoside of H. atra
Isolation and purification of triterpene glycoside were used the column
chromatography method with silica gel phase G60 and thin-layer
chromatography with silica gel GF256 and Sephadex LH20 column
method with methanol solvent to obtain one spot. Qualitatively
of triterpene glycoside was analyzed by high-performance liquid
chromatography (also used to triterpenoid assay with added 50–
100 mg/ml of triterpene glycoside in 0.5 ml of glacial acetate acid and
incubated 15 min in tubes, and then added strong sulfate acid 0.5 ml).
Positive has triterpene glycoside emerged brownish-red and purple
colors [20,21].
Cytotoxicity assay
Cytotoxicity assay of Sp-C1 cell of tongue carcinoma had been analyzed
by 3-4-5-dimethylthiazol-2yl 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)
assay [22]. Triterpene glycoside concentrations used to inhibitory
concentration 50 (IC50
) as the standard referred of the research model.
100 μl triterpene glycoside in various concentration entered into the
well-microplate 96 as well as Sp-C1 cancer cells. Microplates were
incubated in CO2
incubators 24 h (5% CO2
, 37°C, 98% moisture) and
added each well plate 20 µl 5 mg/ml MTT solution, a solution in plate
+ 100 µg dimethyl sulfoxide to dissolve formazan crystals. Absorbance
read by ELISA reader 520 nm. The frequency of the percentage of Sp-
Cl1 mortality was adopted by Li et al. [23].
Immunocytochemistry assay
In this performance research methods, we were used the product of
Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA. The 80% confluent Sp-C1 cells did cell
harvest and centrifuged at 1500 rpm 5 min, then the supernatant was
removed, washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and fixed by
methanol 5 min. Immunocytochemistry assay was adopted by Yuliani
et al. [24]. The sample was blocked by hydrogen peroxidase during 15
min and washed with Phosftae buffer saline (PBS) 2 times, then added
ultra V block and incubated 5 min at room temperature, washed with
PBS. Identify Fas and Bcl-2 protein with adding the primary antibody
(1:100), incubated 30 min, rinsed with PBS 4 times, futhermore
added biotinylated goat anti polyvalent and incubated 10 min at room
temperature, washed with PBS 4 times, then, added streptavidin-
peroxidase also incubated 10 min at room temperature, rinsed with
PBS respectively 4 times and added diaminobenzidine (DAB) plus
chromogenic 10 µl + 500 ul DAB and substrate, incubated 15 min and
washed with PBS. The last was colored by Mayer’s Hematoxylin 10 min
and flushed by aquadest and dry, and the result was observed under a
light microscope ×40 [25].
Apoptosis assay
In this apoptosis assay, we used the product of Invitrogen Life Science
Technologies, Foster City, CA, USA. Influence of triterpene glycoside
of H. atra on the apoptosis activity of Sp-C1 was assayed by double
acting ethidium bromide acridine orange method. The 80% confluent
Sp-C1 cells harvested and centrifuged at 1500 rpm 5 min, then the
supernatant was discarded. Pellet/precipitate added 1 ml complete
medium and reset it after doing the calculation with the counting
chamber. Perform starvation with a media concentration containing
0.5% fetal bovine serum (FBS). The cell is grown on 24 well-supplied
slipcover plates, as many as 500,000 per 500 µl at each well and 24-h
incubated in the CO2
incubator. The cell is grown on 24 well-supplied
slipcover plates, as many as 500,000 per 500 μl at each well and 24-h
incubated in the CO2 incubator, then substituted 10% FBS medium and
treated cells with various concentrations, incubated 24 h in the CO2
incubator and the next day disposes of media and washed with PBS
2 times, covered by ethidium bromide acridine orange, observed in
fluorescein microscope 40X [26,27].
Statistical analyses
Thecytotoxicity,immunoexpressionsofBcl-2,Fasproteins,andapoptosis
of the Sp-C1 cell of tongue carcinoma were analyzed by one-way analysis
of variance (ANOVA) with a p<0.05 and a correlation value of p<0.01.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Triterpenoid analyses of H. atra
The extracted total of H. atra tested the compound of triterpene by the
triterpenoid assay. Furthermore uses to evaluating the cytotoxicity,
apoptosis, and expression of Bcl-2 and Fas protein [Fig. 1] [28].
Triterpene has the natural bioactive plant, animal, and fungus. It has
anticancer, inflammatory effect, antioxidative, antiviral, antibacterial,
and anti-fungal and also has the cytotoxically and chemoprotective
activitiesontheneoplasmtherapy[29].Bishayeeetal.[30]reportedthat
triterpene takes a role in the apoptotic response of chemoprevention
and tumor mammary cases.
Cytotoxicity of triterpene glycoside
The IC50
be a standard to measure the inhibition effect of triterpene
glycoside with various doses (mg/ml). The minimum concentration
(4 μg/ml) has a strong effect on cytotoxicity to Sp-C1 cell with mortality
scores of 80%, IC50=0.6, and anti-logarithm 4, as well as mortality,
is significant (p<0.05). These data are referenced to prescribe a
concentration of the cytotoxicity assay of triterpene glycoside against
Sp-C1 cell of tongue carcinoma (Table 1). The American National
Cancer Institute suggested that the plant extract has the potential
cytotoxic effect if they have IC50
<20 µg/ml [31]. Molyneux [32] declared
that IC50
is the antioxidant concentration related to obstruct of 50% free
radical activity and be avowed active in cytotoxic if the mortality of cell
is achieved 80–100% (active), 50–79% (moderate), and 49% down is
non-active [4].
The evaluation triterpene glycoside doses 0.5–4 µg/ml were assayed
with minimal cytotoxic elicited an expression of Bcl-2 and Fas proteins
also apoptosis on the Sp-C1 cell. Based on the cytotoxic assay, the
doses of 2.5 (µg/ml) is the best standard evaluated of cytotoxic with
anti-logarithm (2.197) and antioxidant (81%). The scale of cytotoxicity
are strong (0.049– 0.199), moderate (0.222–0.699) and non-active
Fig. 1: The triterpene glycoside of Holothuria atra (circle of color)
3. 250
Asian J Pharm Clin Res, Vol 11, Issue 6, 2018, 248-252
Arma et al.
(0.745>). Fajarningsih et al. [33] explained the IC50
triterpene glycoside
0.239 µg/ml be included strong to adherent the development of cancer
cells. The cytotoxic effect of triterpene glycoside on the Sp-C1 cell is
shown in Fig. 2.
Our research has been in line with the study of Jangwan and Singh
[34], and the triterpene extracted from Randia dumetorum Lamk was
shown over cytotoxic effect (IC50
= antilog 2.55 = 354.8 µg/mL). Those
findings are clarified again by Han et al. [35], triterpene glycosides
(glycosides 1–3) isolated by sea cucumber showed the cytotoxicity
activities oh the tumor cell of P-388, A549, MKN-28, HCT116, and MCF-
7 with concentration IC50
0.93–2.60 µmol/L. In our research used to
concentration 0.5–4 μg/ml.. Based on the data obtained from this study,
the cytotoxic activity of the glycosides of H. atra is highly sensitive to the
Sp-C1 cell of tongue carcinoma.
Expression of Bcl-2 and Fas proteins
In general, the triterpene glycoside of H. atra has better than the
potential for inducing the expression of Fas protein (active 71%;
moderate 10%; and non-active 27%). Meanwhile, Bcl-2 protein has
active 59%, moderate 14%, and non-active 27%. Both Fas and Bcl-2
are statistically significant (p<0.05) (Fig. 3). These results were shown
that the triterpene glycoside of H. atra has immunogenically better that
to Fas protein compared to Bcl-2 (Fig. 4). Zhao et al. [36] (2012) [31]
reported in his research that the triterpene glycosides could be causing
to decrease the expression of the Bcl-2 protein and Mcl-1 and also to
increase the sub-G0/G1 population of apoptotic cells and expression
of Bax protein. These are a role in the expression of inhibitor cyclin-
dependent kinase, p21, and the last to activated caspases 3, 7, and 9 [27].
The result of the study identified that triterpene glycosides of H. atra
can trigger the expression of Bcl-2 and Fas protein. Its active component
possibility can be used to early detect the tumor of tongue carcinoma.
Aminin et al. [19] give expression which the holothurian triterpene
glycosides be a biology agent for cytostatics therapy.
Bcl-2 and Fas are the protein that mixed up with activated the tumor
cell. Commonly, both expression Bcl-2 and Fas proteins were facilitated
by ligand (FasL) contained in the cell surface that roles to improve the
cell cycle and to prevent the apoptosis. Fas protein resistance-pathway
also to contribute the Bcl-2 protein through linked-phosphatase-1, and
soluble Fas (sFas) mRNA [37]. Expression of Fas protein and its ligand
FasL was detected on the 44 subjects (88%) of the mount 50 subjects
(100%) [38].
Apoptosis analyses
Build on the study, triterpene glycoside has apoptosis effect on the Sp-
C1 cell of tongue carcinoma 87% (strong) and 13% (moderate) (Fig. 5),
with indicator scale 0–5% (weak), 5–25% (moderate), and 25–100%
(strong), significant (p<0.05) and strong correlation (r=0.92). Yun et al.
[39] suggested that this research has been the strongly correlated effect
of triterpene glycoside to induce the apoptosis in a way inactivated the
Fas protein and caspase-8, cleavage of Bid, mitochondrial damage, and
caspase-3 activation [40]. Plati et al. [41] adduced that the apoptosis
Fig. 3: Expression of Bcl-2 and Fas protein of Supri’s-Clone 1 cell after sensitized by triterpene glycoside Holothuria atra (a) expression of
the Bcl-2 protein and (b) expression of Fas protein
Fig. 4: Profile immunocytochemistry of Bcl-2 (a), Fas (b), and
negative control (c)
Fig. 2: Cytotoxicity of Supri’s Clone 1 cells after 24 h treatment by triterpene glycoside of Holothuria atra in various doses (a) 0.5 µg/ml,
(b) 1 µg/ml, (c) 1.5 µg/ml, (d) 2 µg/ml, (e) 2.5 µg/ml, (f) 3 µg/ml, (g) 3.5 µg/ml, and (h) 4 µg/ml. All images are magnified at ×40 (a-d) and
×10 (e-h). The images are representative of at least five such fields of view per sample and three independent trials
ba c d
e f g h
a b
a b c
4. 251
Asian J Pharm Clin Res, Vol 11, Issue 6, 2018, 248-252
Arma et al.
is inducible undergo FasL, tumor necrosis factor, and TRAIL bind
on the target receptor. Meanwhile, caspases, family protein Bcl-2
will be the programming of death naturally. Meanwhile, caspases,
family protein Bcl-2 will be the programming of death naturally in
the regulation of immune response [36]. Furthermore, the flavonoid
of plant herbal has to the prevention of cancer by inhibiting signal
transduction enzymes, protein tyrosine kinase, protein kinase C, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinases. The signals are involved in the regulation
of cell proliferation [42].
Sp-C1 cell that experienced apoptotic to expressed the Fas and its
ligand on the tumor cell surface [Fig.6]. In the case of hepatocellular
carcinoma, changing the structure of Fas protein was related to
the expression of the Bcl-2 protein and reported to inhibit the
apoptosis [12]. In this guided that shown triterpene glycoside can
interfere with Bcl-2 and fast protein expressions, so as the tumor cell
is not developed and the checkpoint phase will be back operated in the
apoptosis occurrence [43].
CONCLUSION
Triterpene glycoside of H. atra has been cytotoxicity effect on the Sp-C1
cell of tongue carcinoma, also inducible to expression the Bcl-2 dan
Fas protein, at once to regulated the apoptosis of the Sp-C1 cell. Based
on the result, triterpene glycoside of H. atra be possibility will be used
as the active biology material to prevent the tumor metastatic of the
tongue and applicable on the cancer whole body.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Laboratoryofintegratedresearch,UniversitasGadjahMada,Yogyakarta,
Indonesia, was given Sp-C1 cell. The best thank to the Sumatera Biota
Laboratory, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia had been facilitated
preparation triterpene glycoside of H. atra.
AUTHOR’S CONTRIBUTIONS
UAcarriedouttheconception,cytotoxicityassay,immunocytochemistry
assay, and apoptosis assay also drafted the manuscript with BAG and
MHS. Whereas, SI, DH, AP, and NK have been given the research ideas
and design of research and include the preparation of triterpene
glycoside of Holothuria atra. Specifically, BAG has been arranged the
manuscript, statistical analysis, and corresponding author. All of the
authors were read and approved the final manuscript.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
REFERENCES
1. Warren TA, Panizza B, Porceddu SV, Gandhi M, Patel P, Wood M, et al.
Outcomes after surgery and postoperative radiotherapy for perineural
spread of head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Head
Neck 2016;38:824-31.
2. Khan Z. An overview of oral cancer in Indian subcontinent and
Table 1: Cytotoxicity assay of triterpene glycoside H. atra on the Sp-C1 cell
Doses (µg/ml) Average (OD) SDV Mortality (%) Scale Log10-Concen Anti-Log p R
4 0.049 0.058 88 Strong 0.602 0.274 0.014 (p<0.05) 0.939
3.5 0.096 0.076 83 Strong 0.544 0.248
3 0.082 0.069 85 Strong 0.477 0.217
2.5 0.118 0.021 81 Strong 0.398 0.181
2 0.326 0.090 57 Moderate 0.301 0.137
1.5 0.356 0.072 54 Moderate 0.176 0.080
1 0.515 0.006 36 Non-active 0.000 0.000
0.5 0.745 0.118 10 Non-active –0.301 –0.137
Fig. 5: Apoptosis frequency of Supri’s-Clone 1 cell of tongue carcinoma after administrated by triterpene glycoside of Holothuria atra
Fig. 6: Analyzed by double staining ethidium bromide acridine
orange on the culture of the Supri’s-Clone 1 cell, apoptosis cell
(red), and non-apoptosis (green), magnified at ×40. (a) Control
positive, (b) control negative, (c) treatment
5. 252
Asian J Pharm Clin Res, Vol 11, Issue 6, 2018, 248-252
Arma et al.
recommendations to decrease its incidence. Web Med Central Cancer
2012;3:WMC003626.
3. Huang SH, Perez-Ordonez B, Liu FF, Waldron J, Ringash J, Irish J,
et al. A typical clinical behavior of p16-confirmed HPV-related
oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated with radical
radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012;82:276-83.
4. Feller L, Lemmer J. Oral squamous cell carcinoma: Epidemiology,
clinical presentation, and treatment. J Cancer Ther 2012;3:263-8.
5. Zhang H, Dziegielewski PT, Biron VL, Szudek J, Al-Qahatani KH,
O’Connell DA, et al. Survival outcomes of patients with advanced
oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma treated with multimodal
therapy: A multi-institutional analysis. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
2013;42:1-8.
6. Bo JH, Park JH, Chung IS. Tumstatin induces apoptosis mediated by
fas signaling pathways in oral squamous cell carcinoma SCC-VII cells.
Onco Lett 2015;10:1016-22.
7. Hossain Z, Sugarawa T, Hirata T. Sphingoid bases from sea cucumber
induce apoptosis in human hepatoma HepG2 cells through p-AKT and
DR5. Oncol Rep 2013;29:1201-7.
8. Dahiya J, Marwaha RK, Dureja H. Therapies in cancer treatment: An
overview minakshi gupta. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2015;7:1-9.
9. Gabrielli B, Brooks K, Pavey S. Defective cell cycle checkpoints as
targets for anti-cancer therapies. Front Pharmacol 2012;3:1-6.
10. Fulda S. Targeting apoptosis for anticancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol
2015;31:84-8.
11. de Bruyn M, Bremer E, Helfrich W. Antibody-based fusion proteins to
target death receptors in cancer. Cancer Lett 2013;332:175-83.
12. Qi F, LiA, InagakiY, Xu H, Wang D, Cui X, et al. Induction of apoptosis
by cinobufacini preparation through mitochondria-and fas-mediated
caspase-dependent pathways in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
Food Chem Toxicol 2012;50:295-302.
13. Agbarya A. Ruimi N. Epelbaum R, Ben-Arye, E. Mahajna, J. Natural
products as potential cancer therapy enhancers: A preclinical update.
SAGE Open Med 2014;2:1-11.
14. Susanti S, Iwasaki H, Itokazu Y, Nago M, Taira N, Saitoh S, et al.
Tumor-specific cytotoxicity of arctigenin isolated from herbal plant
Arctium lappa L. J Nat Med 2012;66:614-21.
15. Liu C, Dai L, Liu Y, Rong L, Dou D, Sun Y, et al. Antiproliferative
activity of triterpene glycoside nutrient from monk fruit in colorectal
cancer and throat cancer. Nutrients 2016;8:360.
16. Stonik, VA, Fedorov, SN. Marine low molecular weight natural products
potential cancer preventive compounds. Mar Drugs 2014;12:636-71.
17. Januar HI, Nursid M, Chasanah E. Cytotoxic saturated fatty acid from
the Indonesian sea cucumber Holothuria sp. Squalene Bull Mar Fish
Postharvest Biotech 2014;9:11-5.
18. Yano A, Abe A, Aizawa F, Yamada H, Minami K, Matsui M, et al. The
effect of eating sea cucumber jelly on Candida load in the oral cavity of
elderly individuals in a nursing home. Mar Drugs 2013;11:4993-5007.
19. Aminin DL, Menchinskaya ES, Pislyagin EA, SilchenkoAS,Avilov SA,
Kalinin VI. Sea cucumber triterpene glycosides as anticancer agents.
Mar Drugs 2015;13:1202-23.
20. Yang J, Wang Y, Zhang R, Jiang T, Lv Z. Determination of the
triterpene glycosides in sea cucumbers by liquid chromatography with
evaporative light scattering and mass spectrometry detection. J Sep Sci
2015;38:1117-22.
21. Negi JS, Singh P, Pant GJ, Rawat M. High-performance liquid
chromatography analysis of plant saponins: An update 2005-2010.
Pharmacog Rev 2011;5:155.
22. Haridas R, Manorama S, Thekkan S. In-vitro cytotoxicity activity of
Malaxis rheedii SW methanol extract against Hela cell line and Mcf-7
cell line. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2016;9;244-6.
23. Li W, Zhou J, Xu Y. Study of the in vitro cytotoxicity testing of medical
devices. Biomed Rep 2015;3:617-20.
24. Yuliani SH, Anggraeni CD, Sekarjati W, Panjalu A, Istyastono EP,
Setiawati A. Cytotoxic activity of Anredera cordifolia leaf extract on
hela cervical cancer cells through P53-independent pathway. Asian J
Pharm Clin Res 2015;8:328-31.
25. Liang CZ, Zhang JK, Shi Z, Liu B, Shen CQ, Tao HM. Matrine induces
caspase-dependent apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cells in vitro
and in vivo through the upregulation of Bax and Fas/FasL and down-
regulation of Bcl-2. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2012;69:317-31.
26. Grobholz R, Zentgraf H, Köhrmann KU, Bleyl U. Bax, Bcl-2, Fas and
Fas-L antigen expression in human seminoma: Correlation with the
apoptotic index. Apmis 2002;110:724-32.
27. Li X, RoginskyAB, Ding XZ,Woodward C, Collin P, Newman RA, et al.
Review of the apoptosis pathways in pancreatic cancer and the anti-
apoptotic effects of the novel sea cucumber compound, frondoside A.
Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008;1138:181-98.
28. Batra P, Sharma AK. Anti-cancer potential of flavonoids: Recent trends
and future perspective. Biotechnology 2013;3:439-59.
29. Chudzik M, Korzonek-Szlacheta I, Król W. Triterpenes as potentially
cytotoxic compounds. Molecules 2015;20:1610-25.
30. Bishayee A, Ahmed S, Brankov N, Perloff M. Triterpenoids as potential
agents for the chemoprevention and therapy of breast cancer. Front
Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2011;16:980-96.
31. Itharat A, Houghton PJ, Eno-Amooquaye E, Burke PJ, Sampson JH,
Raman A. In vitro cytotoxic activity of Thai medicinal plants used
traditionally to treat cancer. J Ethnopharmacol 2004;90:33-8.
32. Molyneux P. The use of the stable free radical diphenylpicrylhydrazyl
(DPPH) for estimating antioxidant activity. Songklanakarin J Sci
Technol 2004;26:211-9.
33. Fajarningsih N, Nursid M, Wikanta T, Marraskuranto E. Bioactivity
of Turbinaria decurrens extract as the anti-tumor and its effect on the
lymphocyte proliferation. J Pascapanen Bioteknol Sea Fis 2008;3:1-7.
34. Jangwan JS, Singh R. In the vitro cytotoxic activity of triterpene
isolated from bark of Randia dumetorum Lamk. J Curr Chem Pharm
Sci 2014;4:1-9.
35. Han H, Li L, Yi YH, Wang XH, Pan MX. Triterpene glycosides from
sea cucumber holothuria scabra with cytotoxic activity. Chin Herb Med
2012;4:183-8.
36. Zhao Q, Xue Y, Wang JF, Li H, Long TT, Li Z, et al. In vitro and
in vivo anti-tumour activities of echinoside A and ds-echinoside A from
Pearsonothuria graeffei. J Sci Food Agric 2012;92:965-74.
37. Lee SH, Shin MS, Lee JY, Park WS, Kim SY, Jang JJ, et al. In vivo
expression of soluble fas and FAP-1: Possible mechanisms of fas
resistance in human hepatoblastomas. J Pathol 1999;188:207-12.
38. Lee SH, Shin MS, Lee HS, Bae JH, Lee HK, Kim SY, et al. Expression
of fas and fas-related molecules in human hepatocellular carcinoma.
Hum Pathol 2001;32:250-6.
39. Yun SH, Park ES, Shin SW, Na YW, Han JY, Jeong JS, et al.
Stichoposide C induces apoptosis through the generation of ceramide
in leukemia and colorectal cancer cells and shows in vivo antitumor
activity. Clin Cancer Res 2012;18:5934-48.
40. Tschopp J, Thome M, Hofmann K, Meinl E. The fight of viruses against
apoptosis. Curr Opin Genet Dev 1998;8:82-7.
41. Plati J, Bucur O, Khosravi-Far R. Apoptotic cell signaling in cancer
progression and therapy. Integr Biol (Camb) 2011;3:279-96.
42. Thampi N, Shalini JV. Anti-proliferative and apoptotic activities of
Syzygium samarangense (wax apple) fruits extract against human A549
lung cancer cell lines. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2015;7:361-5.
43. Foroutan B, Razavianzadeh N, Anderson D. Overcoming
chemoresistance in non-hodgkin lymphoma preliminary studies of
apoptosis and necrosis by P-glycoprotein reversal agents. Int J Pharm
Pharm Sci 2015;7:382-8.