This document discusses various imaging methods used in gynecology, including ultrasound, CT, MRI, conventional radiology, and angiography. Ultrasound is the first-choice diagnostic tool for conditions like abnormal uterine bleeding, adnexal masses, infertility, and pelvic pain. CT and MRI are used for more detailed examination of ovarian tumors, endometriosis, and tumors. Conventional radiology examines calcifications, gas distribution, and skeleton. Angiography is rarely used to study abnormal pelvic vessels. In obstetrics, ultrasound is preferred for assessing pregnancy, fetal biometry, and screening due to lacking radiation exposure.

1. IMAGING IN
GYNECOLOGY
Dr. Shazia Iqbal
Assistant Professor (Obstetrics & Gynaecology)
Director of Medical Education Unit
Associate fellow AMEE (AFAMEE)
Alfarabi College of Medicine, Riyadh
siqbal@alfarabi.edu.sa
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Shazia_Iqbal7
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4890-5864

2. GYNECOLOGY
In gynecological practice, imaging methods are often indicated
to confirm or exclude a diagnosis suspected on the basis of
medical history‐taking and clinical examination.
Ultrasound is the first‐choice diagnostic tool in the management
of abnormal uterine bleeding, adnexal masses, infertility, pelvic
pain, early pregnancy and many other conditions.
In case of diagnostic dilemmas, other imaging methods have
proven their value for second‐step evaluation. we focus on
practical guidance in performing gynecological ultrasound and
discuss the role of different imaging modalities in common
clinical conditions.

3. GYNECOLOGY
from the Greek, gynaikos gyno- pertaining
to woman
logy, meaning study of
Thus, gynecology literally is the "study of
woman
• modern gynecology disorders of the
female reproductive organs

4. WHAT IS GYNECOLOGY
• The medical specialty concerned with the female reproductive organs
• - external genitalia
• Vulva : labia majora , labia minora , and clitoris
• -Internal genitalia
• Uterus
• Ovaries
• Fallopian tubes
• Vagina : extends to the external surface of the body

6. IMAGING METHODS

7. Ultrasonography
Computed tomography
Magnetic resonance imaging
Conventional radiology
Angiography

8. 1- ULTRASOUND

9. Ultrasound: it’s the first
choice (screening) is sound
that travels through soft tissue
and fluids, but it bounces
back, or echoes, off denser
surfaces. This is how it creates
an image.

10. Transabdominal
Transvaginal
Method of the first choice (screening)
Uterus
Urinary bladder

11. 2- CT-COMPUTED
TOMOGRAPHY

12. A computerized tomography
(CT) scan combines a series of X-ray images
taken from different angles around your body
and uses computer processing to create cross-
sectional images (slices) of the bones, blood
vessels and soft tissues inside your
body. CTscan images provide more-detailed
information than plain X-rays do
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=trPl31UQGbk

13. appropriate for detection of ovarian tumors
less appropriate for examination of uterus

14. 3- MRI-MAGNETIC
RESONANCE IMAGING

15. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical
imaging technique used in radiology to form
pictures of the anatomy and the physiological
processes of the body. MRI scanners use strong
magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients, and
radio waves to generate images of the organs in
the body.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E44W54z_Yk
w

16. Tumors
more accurate than CT or US
thanks to better contrast
between individual tissues
Endometriosis
presence of methemoglobin
– specific picture

17. 4-CONVENTIONAL
RADIOLOGY

18. For conventional radiography,
an x-ray beam is generated and
passed through a patient to a
piece of film or a radiation
detector, producing an image.
Different soft tissues attenuate x-
ray photons differently,
depending on tissue density; the
denser the tissue, the whiter (more
radiopaque) the image.

19. Calcifications
Gas distribution
Skeleton
IUD detection

20. 5- ANGIOGRAPHY

21. Angiography is an imaging test
that uses X-rays to view your
body's blood vessels. The X-rays
provided by an angiography are
called angiograms. This test is
used to study narrow, blocked,
enlarged, or malformed arteries
or veins in many parts of your
body, including your brain, heart,
abdomen, and legs.

22. Rarely indicated method
(e.g. pathologic
vascularization or
ivolvement of pelvic
vesels in tumors)

23. IMAGING MITHODS IN
OBSTETRICS

24. Preferentially are used
methods without radiation
exposure
Ultrasonography
Magnetic resonance imaging

25. Ultrasonography
Methods of the first choice
• Confirmattion of pregnancy
• Recognition of multiple pregnancy
• Vitality
• Fetal biometry
• Detection of congenital disorders
• Screening 2. 3 trrimester

26. REFERENCE
oxford handbook of obstetrics and gynaecology