Image Security Case Study

Image Security Case Study
Brar and Brar [1] have presented that the image safety on internet transfers is the priority of the hour
as the breaching assaults into the photograph databases are growing every year. The hackers take
benefit of the stolen non–public and crucial pictures to meet their dangerous and unethical
intentions. The photograph statistics theft can be used to defame someone at the internet by means
of posting the illegal and unacceptable photographs of that individual (internet user. Majority of the
prevailing image safety systems are not up to date to guard in opposition to the cutting–edge
breaching attacks. A hybrid photograph security framework has been proposed to conquer the
problem stated earlier, a good way to be carried out by means of ... Show more content on
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The more statistics that is made to be had at the Internet, the greater proprietors of such records want
to defend themselves from robbery and fake illustration. Cheddad et al. [3] have presented that
Steganography is the science that involves communicating mystery information in the suitable
multimedia carrier, e.G., photo, audio, and video files. It comes beneath the idea that if the function
is visible, the point of assault is obvious, hence the goal here is constantly to conceal the very
lifestyles of the embedded statistics. This paper provides a today's review and evaluation of the
unique current strategies of Steganography along with some common standards and tips drawn from
the literature. This paper concludes with some recommendations and advocates for the item–
oriented embedding mechanism. The emerging strategies together with DCT, DWT and Adaptive
Steganography aren't too liable to assaults, specifically while the hidden message is small. This is
because they alter coefficients within the transform domain, hence photo distortion is saved to a
minimum. Generally those techniques have a tendency to have a lower payload compared to spatial
area algorithms. There are one–of–a–kind approaches to lessen the bits had to encode a hidden
message. Sarbavaidya
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The Big Data Is A Significant Subject Of Modern Times With...
Abstract– Big Data is a significant subject in modern times with the rapid advancement of new
technologies for example, smart phones, PC/laptops, game consoles, that all in some way store
information. Big companies require a place to not only store all the data that is coming in but to also
analyze it for specific purposes and at the fastest speed manageable. There exist numerous different
providers out there who provide this service, this paper will talk about one way the company Google
handles data using their own special made platform.
1. INTRODUCTION
In modern times, the amount of data being stored is terrifically large. Companies must deal with
such abundance of data on a daily basis in both storing and analyzing as fast as they can. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Velocity– Data streams in at unparalleled speed.
Variety– Data comes in several formats, including documents or audio or even email.
Management of Big Data is useful with how one handles the information. Ways to use the stored
information include, but not limited to, reduction of costs, time reductions, and making smart
decisions based on data results. [1]
A. UNSTRUCTURED
Defined before as information not so straightforward to interpret, instead of the easy to read data
that is the structured method. Unstructured data is generated in media like email messages,
PowerPoint presentations, Word documents and also media like JPEG images, MP3 audio files [9].
These results factor into whatever type of data analytics the company is after.
B. BIG DATA FINISH These results are vital for banking, retail, government, etc...., which use the
information to noticed habits of people inside and outside the company, who provided the info. The
information not only helps notice the habits of people, however, it also aids in figuring out trends
and what news is big from following data from social media. [1]
3. WHAT IS THE CLOUD Figure 1– representation of the cloud
The cloud, or cloud computing (basically internet computing), is a net based resource that allows
sharing computer resources without the need of local servers.[2] Not only does it not make use of
local

Advanced Concepts From Computer Science
My report demonstrates my understanding of advanced concepts from computer
For this report, I have chosen a Samsung Galaxy Note 2 16 & 32 or 64 GB of internal storage to
demonstrate my understanding of advanced concepts from computer science.
Specifications of Samsung Galaxy Note 2:
http://www.gsmarena.com/samsung_galaxy_note_ii_n7100–4854.php Digital Systems
Digital systems can be used for numerical systems other than base 2 which uses the values of 1 and
0.
Digital Systems are electronic technology that generates, stores, and processes data in terms of
discontinuous data. The levels of operation for a digital computer, includes the wiring, mechanical
parts, the logical elements, and the functional units for reading, writing, storing, also manipulating
information. For instance Computers, Mp3 Players and Smartphones are examples of digital
systems. It stores or compresses music files and it converts this data into sound waves. It has an
input so the user can interact with the device, like listening to the songs the user have on the users
Mp3 Player.
Digital systems: Compare and Contrast
MP3 is a digital system because it has input, output and process. It processes it into compressed
data. Sounds are stored in numerical form. CD'S are much older music formats Music is stored as a
physical or magnetic representation of the original sound. Mp3 Player for example an MP3 has 4 gig
of space can store bits/bytes of data. Typically 1 minute needs one megabyte per

“Apple Computer, Inc.: Think Different, Think Online Music”
1. 4 C's Stakeholder Analysis
Customers
Based on the background of "the era of the Digital lifestyle", iTunes 3 target customers are;
Stakeholder Stake in the project Potential impact on Project Growth percentage of online
distribution Perceived attitudes and/or risks
12 – 24 years Downloaded an average of 12 tunes per month, housing libraries between 25 to more
than 300,000 songs from the internet High 59% Unlimited library of songs and videos by genre,
artist and album
Software design is attractive and easy to use
Sound in industry standard Dolby Advanced Audio, allowing CD quality sound
Better data compression allowing users to store more files more quickly
There was no subscription fee but songs were not free
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
– The song list is limited to about 200,000.
– This service is exclusive to Mac users, thus other PC users cannot access it.
Buymusic.com – A range in cost for songs
– Users had to go through end–use agreements before owning a song
– One cannot navigate their downloads
– Songs were not compatible to the popular ipod player – One cost for all songs
– Site is consumer friendly
– Songs are searchable by title, artist, album and genre before downloading
– The ipod player is an Apple brand. – 300,000 song library
– Costs as little as $0.79
– Downloads available as individual songs or albums
– Downloads are not limited directly to the desktop, but other media
– Extensive peripheral memory devices store
– Different content and usage rules based on the number of computer transfers, CD burns and
portable music transfers
– Services offered to the larger PC users (Windows technology) – The song list is limited to about
200,000.
– Costs $ 0.99, Buymusic.com offers a lower rate. This can be more attractive to the (12 – 24 year
olds) customer target.
– Mass transfers of downloads are limited to ipods.
– Apple users are at 4% computer market, failing to convert Windows PC users. BuyMusic. Com
has a larger audience offering the same service.

Music Stores – A song/ album costs more
– Stores were located in specific areas
– The consumer does not have control of the playlist
– Tedious to look different at prices from one store to

802. 11 Synthesis Essay
IEEE802.11n made numerous changes to the 802.11 wireless standards that greatly increased the
throughput as compared to earlier versions. 802.11n uses MIMO which is Multiple Input Multiple
Output (also known as Multiple Antennas). MIMO makes use of multiple antennae to create
multiple streams of communications between a transmitter and a receiver. The 802.11n amendment
also introduced changes in the physical as well as MAC layers to make marked changes in the
effectiveness of wireless networks. These changes included spatial–division multiplexing, space–
time block coding, and transmitter beamforming. Spatial–division multiplexing. This is the ability
for one transmitter to use multiple antennas to simultaneously send multiple ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
So the transmitter can increase the output of the antennas in the direction of computers farther away
or where there are more computers to allow for better coverage or throughput and decrease the
output of the antennas in directions where there are obstacles. Other changes in 802.11n include: 1.
40 Mhz bandwidth (channel bonding) which can get data rates as high as 600Mpbs which is a ten–
fold increase as compared with 802.11 a thru g. 2. Frame aggregation – transmits multiple MAC
frames in a PHY packet. 3. Reverse–direction protocol – allows the ability to transfer control of an
air channel between stations. This is especially good if the receiver is moving and the transmitters
are trying to keep the best connection possible. 4. Support for Voice over WLAN and multimedia
streaming. This is especially important as more telephone calls go VOIP and more video/audio
content is available online. 5. The ability of access points to change between 20 MHz and 40 MHz.
This is good as the receivers for that access point changes. The access point can speed up or slow
down based on the receivers in its broadcast area. 6. Channel bonding – using two 20MHz channels.
This turns the two 20 MHz band into a 40MHz band even though the transmitter is not transmitting
at 40MHz. This is good to increase throughput for receivers that only communicate at the 20MHz

Video Steganography : A Method For Providing Improved...
Video Steganography: A Method for Providing Improved Security
I. Introduction
Steganography is the practice of concealing a file, message, and important information of any
format as text, image, audio or video within another file, message, of any format. Steganography is
the art of hiding the information in some other host object and it has been used since ancient time by
the people. In ancient time, secret information is hidden in the back of wax, scalp of the slaves, in
rabbits etc. The word steganography used from the past combines the Greek words steganos,
meaning "covered, concealed, or protected", and graphein meaning "writing" [1]
Steganography is the act of changing the digital media in a way that only sender and the intended
recipient is able to detect the message sent through it.
The following formula provides the description of the pieces of the steganography process [2]:
Cover Medium + Hidden Data + Stego Key = Stego Medium
In above formula, the Cover Medium is the file which is used to hide the hidden data, which may be
encrypted using the Stego Key. The resultant file is the stego medium which will, of course the same
type of file as the Cover Medium.
The Steganography method is different from the traditional cryptography method in the following
ways. Cryptography is the practice and study of secure communication. Steganography is the art and
science of covert communication. Cryptography is the practice of protecting the contents of a
message alone,

Personal Narrative Analysis
When I was in middle school I decided that I wanted an Ipod for listening to music in school. When
I got home I asked my mom if she could go on the computer to see what the prices for an Ipod were.
She looked it up on the apple store and told me they were anywhere from $200 to $400 depending
on which one you got. So for the next year I saved up enough money to get it. To this day I still have
that Ipod and it does not have one scratch unlike most people who have had theres given to them. I
believe that we should not beg for things; if we want something get it yourself.
The house I grew up in was rather different compared to most people. For the most part we had two
rules; "I want," "means no", and "if you want something work for it". These rules affected both the
way I thought of things and the way that I acted. The most noticeable for people was the way I act in
school. For the most part, I took things a lot more seriously than most of the other kids in my grade.
Additionally, my method of transportation is different compared to other people. Everyone sees
getting their driver's licences as a commemorative point of their lives. Additionally, most people
when they get their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
My mom grew up on a farm and did chores when she got home. Also, she did the dishes and had to
feed some of the animals. Additionally, if my mom wanted something she had to get it herself.
Ironically, I'm growing up just the way she did because we live in the same house she grew up in. I
have to work the same way she did. While my mom grew up on a farm, my dad grew up in the city.
He grew up in somewhat the same way my mom did excluding the farm. One of the most noticeable
differences is the way my dad went to college because he payed for it by himself. All in all, my
parents are like black and white compared to each other, but one thing that is in common is that they
had to work for what they

Gi-Fi Technology
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Wi–Fi (ieee–802.11b) and Wi–Max (ieee–802.16e) have captured our attention. As there are no
recent developments which transfer data at faster rate as video information transfer taking lot of
time. This leads to introduction of Gi–Fi technology. It offers some advantages over Wi–Fi, a similar
wireless technology. In that it offers faster information rate (Gbps), less power consumption and low
cost for short range transmissions. Gi–Fi which is developed on an integrated wireless transceiver
chip. In which a small antenna used and both transmitter–receiver integrated on a single chip, which
is fabricated using the complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. Because of Gi–
Fi transfer of large ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So to have higher data transfer rate at lower power consumption we move onto Gi–Fi technology.
➢ The 802.11b and 802.11g flavours of Wi–Fi use the 2.4 GHz spectrum, which is crowded with
other devices such as Bluetooth, microwave ovens, cordless phones, or video sender devices, among
many others. This may cause degradation in performance. Other devices which use microwave
frequencies such as certain types of cell phones can also cause degradation in performance.
➢ Power consumption is fairly high compared to other standards, making battery life and heat a
concern.
➢ Not always configured properly by user. Commonly uses WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)
protocol for protection, though has been shown to be easily breakable. Newer wireless solutions are
slowly providing support for the superior WPA (Wi–Fi Protected Access) protocol, though many
systems still employ WEP.
CHAPTER 3 GI–FI
Gi–Fi or gigabit wireless is the world's first transceiver integrated on a single chip that operates at
60GHz on the CMOS . process. It will allow wireless transfer of audio and video data at up to 5
gigabits per second, ten times the current maximum wireless transfer rate, at one–tenth the cost.
NICTA researchers have chosen to develop this technology in the 57–64GHz unlicensed frequency
band as the millimeter–wave range of the spectrum makes possible high component on–chip
integration as well as allowing for the

Artificial Neural Networks ( Anns )
Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are computational algorithms loosely based on the human
biological nervous system which work to model statistical data. An ANN "consists of processing
elements known as neurons that are interconnected to each other and work in unison to answer a
particular problem [, and] can be used in places where detecting trends and extracting patterns are
too complex to be detected by either humans or other computer techniques." Although recent in their
explosion in popularity, the underlying logic behind ANNs have existed for "nearly a half–century",
however due to the pervasive and ubiquitous adoption of powerful computational tools in our
contemporary society, ANNs have had a sort of renaissance, much to the avail of scientists,
engineers, and consumers.
The current cutting–edge in deep–learning and ANNs focuses highly on both their ability to model
and interpret complex data, and their ability to be put to scale due through optimization and
parallelization. The current framework for designing ANNs is one that is widely available, with a
myriad of tools facilitating their development. Python, C++, Google's Tensorflow, Theano, Matlab,
and Spark all contain a robust set of mathematical operations which necessitate ANNs. Due to the
algorithm behind ANNs, the models are inherently apt in "extract[ing] meaning from imprecise or
intricate problems". Speaking reductively, ANNs are data modeling tools which are trained on a
given dataset, and can

Multimedia Data And Its Essential Characteristics
Abstract
Multimedia data mining is a popular research domain which helps to extract interesting knowledge
from multimedia data sets such as audio, video, images, graphics, speech, text and combination of
several types of data sets. Normally, multimedia data are categorized into unstructured and semi–
structured data. These data are stored in multimedia databases and multimedia mining is used to find
useful information from large multimedia database system by using various multimedia techniques
and powerful tools. This paper provides the basic concepts of multimedia mining and its essential
characteristics. Multimedia mining architectures for structured and unstructured data, research issues
in multimedia mining, data mining models used for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Text data can be used in web browsers, messages like MMS and SMS. Image data can be used in art
work and pictures with text still images taken by a digital camera. Audio data contains sound, MP3
songs, speech and music. Video data include time aligned sequence of frames, MPEG videos from
desktops, cell phones, video cameras [17]. Electronic and digital ink its sequence of time aligned 2D
or 3D coordinates of stylus, a light pen, data glove sensors, graphical, similar devices are stored in a
multimedia database and use to develop a multimedia system. Figure 1 gives the important
components of multimedia data mining. Figure 1.Multimedia Data Mining
Text mining Text Mining also referred as text data mining and it is used to find meaningful
information from the unstructured texts that are from various sources. Text is the foremost general
medium for the proper exchange of information [3]. Text Mining is to evaluate huge amount of
usual language text and it detects exact patterns to find useful information.
Image mining
Image mining systems can discover meaningful information or image patterns from a huge
collection of images. Image mining determines how low level pixel representation consists of a raw
image or image sequence can be handled to recognize high–level spatial objects and relationship
[14]. It includes digital image processing, image understanding,

Using The Advanced Video Steganography Technique Essay
III. Problem Definition Present day transactions are considered to be "un–trusted" in terms of
security, i.e. they are relatively easy to be hacked. We also have to consider the transfer of large
amount of data through the network will give errors while transferring. Only single level of security
is present in the existing systems [10]. Now days, hacking activities are growing day by day and
hackers can easily hack important information and security is not sufficient to stop it. Though
security status increased at a higher level but the major drawback of new status of security is cost,
and became so costly. Hence we need better solutions which have good security level with lower
cost. These can be avoided by making use of our proposed system. The mechanism, which is used to
hide the information in the image files [11]. Here, to make the solution on the problems mentioned
above, we have proposed the Advanced Video Steganography technique. This advance method
consist of the combination of Compression, Encryption and Embedding technique, which is
mentioned in our proposed system. IV. PROPOSED WORK Video Steganography is the art of
writing hidden messages inside videos, in such a way that no one apart from the sender and intended
recipient realizes the existence of a hidden message. Steganography mostly uses repeating portions
of the Video files to embed the secret message. There are many techniques for hiding data in Video,
here we use one of those technique along with the

How Dietary Tracking Is Important For People With Diet...
Dietary tracking is very important for people with diet related health issues, people trying to lose
weight, and just understanding and keeping everyday nutritional health. Many websites,
applications, and devices have dietary tracking databases that need the food to be inputted, and
selected from a large list (ChooseMyPlate, 2016; SuperTracker, 2015; SelfNutritionData, 2016;
Fontana, Farooq, Sazonov, 2014). This process can take 20 – 30 minutes for a diverse meal, which
requires users to sit down and input everything they eat. Eating foods with unlabeled packaging
makes it nearly impossible to track and input its nutritional value. With the Om Nom NoMonitor
food profiling technology, the user will no longer have to worry about unlabeled foods. The Om
Nom NoMonitor has software that can analyze a picture taken directly from a mobile phone using
technology similar to facial recognition, and then display statistics and log it into a digital food
journal (University of Salzburg, 2016). This product would be the best solution for this issue. The
Om Nom NoMonitor would be represented most accurately and commercially feasible by a
smartphone and downloadable app. The key aspects of this solution are Science and Technology.
Sciencetifically, the project must incorporate Food Science and Nutritional Science to catalog the
various qualities different foods possess and how that affects health. Technology is the major
element, as new software must be either created or adapted, along

Compressing, Transferring and Storing Audio Data
Today's most popular solution for compressing, transferring and storing audio data is MP3
technology. There are similar technologies for sampling and compressing audio data but MP3
remains the most popular because it is versatile, high performing and flexible. MP3 as we know it
today, is the product of collaborations through the years by many organizations. If we had to narrow
down the most important people involved in it's development, the two most important names would
be Dieter Seitzer and Karlheinz Bradenburg. Initially, in the 1970s, Dieter Seitzer, a professor from
Erlangen–Nuremberg University was researching the problem of compressing audio data for
telephone line transmission. He brought together a group of students as well as other scientists to do
research and solve this challenge. One of his students , named Karlheinz Bradenburg, proposed an
idea of exploiting the mechanism of human hearing and its limitations. Later on, in his doctoral
theses, Karlheinz Bradenburg included algorithms that were later incorporated in todays MP3
technology. Most importantly were his method of scanning and removing sounds that were in
audible to humans. In 1988 the ISO convened and called for a standard in audio and video encoding.
This call created the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG). Contributions to the group came from
various corporations, research organizations and individual scientists. This increase of contributions
and collaboration from members of the MPEG

Annotated Bibliography On Multimedia Data
ABSTRACT
Multimedia data mining is a popular research domain which helps to extractinteresting knowledge
from multimedia data sets such as audio, video, images, graphics, speech, text and combination of
several types of data sets. Normally, multimedia data are categorized into unstructured and semi–
structured data. These data are stored in multimedia databases and multimedia mining is used to find
useful information from large multimedia database system by using various multimedia techniques
and powerful tools.This paper provides the basic concepts of multimedia mining and its essential
characteristics.Multimedia mining architectures for structured and unstructured data, research issues
in multimedia mining, data mining models used for multimedia mining and applications are also
discussed in this paper. It helps the researchers to get the knowledge about how to do their research
in the field of multimedia mining.
Keywords: Data Mining, Multimedia Mining, Clustering, Classification.
1. INTRODUCTION Multimedia data mining is used for extracting interesting information for
multimedia data sets, such as audio, video, images, graphics, speech, text and combination of
several types of data set. Multimedia mining is a subfield of data mining which is used to find
interesting information of implicit knowledge from multimedia databases. Multimedia data are
classified into five types; they are (i) text data, (ii) Image data (iii) audio data (iv) video data and (v)
electronic and

Optimal Communication Of Real Time Data On Secure Cdma Ip...
OPTIMAL COMMUNICATION OF REAL TIME DATA ON SECURE CDMA IP RAN
NETWORK
Abstract: This paper presents an optimal and secure communication of real time data over a CDMA
based IP RAN network. In the process of data transmission, a new coding approach for security
enhancement and quality improvement based on spectrum utilization and antenna coding is
suggested. The traffic model is developed for image and audio data transmission over a wireless
channel, having an interference of AWGN noise with fading effects. An optimal spectrum sensing
approach for proper resource allocation is developed, and communicated using the secure WeP
protocol. The developed approach is evaluated for different communication parameters and
compared in comparisons to conventional modeling of CDMA system. The obtained results
illustrates an improvement in quality metrics for the developed system, in comparison to the
conventional modeling.
Key Word: Optimal Communication, Image and audio data, secure coding, CDMA system, channel
coding.
I. Introduction
It has become a primal requirement in current communication system to provide high rate services
with higher accuracy and faster data exchange. With the evolution of new communication
architectures, the data exchange has got no boundness in forwarding the data to any range. Due to
integration of different networks, data are exchange over wireless network and internet network,
forming a Internet protocol – Radio access Network (IP–RAN). Due to

Aaron Swartz
This Exhibition takes place within the Paley Center for Media, located on 25 W 52nd St in New
York. The purpose of this exhibit serves to enlighten the public on just who Aaron Swartz is and
why and how his efforts prevented our Internet Culture and American media as a whole from being
widely censored. Without Aaron Swartz's contributions, American media as we know it would mere
fragment of what it has been and what it will always be. If visitors so chose, they could visit
Liiberatoroftheinternet.org prior to or during their visit to the exhibition. Liberatoroftheinternet.org
has all of the vital information that encompasses the whole of the exhibition, from its location at the
Paley Center, to available times and dates to visit, etc. On Liberatoroftheinternet.org, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The note holds, highlighting what we see is a clip of Swartz speaking at a panel. As this is occurring,
we hear a voiceover of a narrator, who narrates the upbringing of Swartz and several other details of
his life; mentioning small but interesting facts, such as his early experience with computer
programming and early graduation from high school to his future developments such as RSS and
Open Library. Accompanying this, we see a set of photos of Swartz consecutively appearing in a
collage, matching these times in his life. Lastly, the special begins to end on a still image of Swartz
smiling, we see the camera panning towards a closeup at a slow, nearly unnoticeable rate. Next we
notice a motivational, disembodied soundbite from one of Swartz's rallies explaining why he wants
to stop S.O.P.A. and the cultural cons that the bill would propose as well as his beliefs that
information was a humanitarian right, not a business. Next, we see the progression and success of
his numerous websites such as Demand Progress, which aided the efforts to prevent the SOPA and
PIPA act through the direct funding of pressure tactics against senators, to efforts of getting more
progressive senators elected. This success and progression is seen through a graphic displaying
annually rising statistics. Finally, we hear a bittersweet piano note ring in the background. There are
a few seconds left at the end as a moment of silence is requested, honoring Swartz's legacy, until we
see the screen finally fades to black. Continuing through the exhibit, we see that there is a non–
linear path to follow as one can turn left or right. We notice that turning left would lead into the
"Childhood" section of the exhibit, while turning right would lead into the "America without Aaron
Swartz" section. Turning into the Childhood section, we see the walls of this room are covered in a
childish space wallpaper that we'd expect from a boy genius.

A Research Proposal Investigating How Nursing Home...
A Research Proposal Investigating How Nursing–Home Acquired Can be Preventable through
Practice Improvement Student's Name University Affiliation Date Abstract Pneumonia is a
significant factor that leads to morbidity as well as mortality in nursing home residents. It has a one–
month mortality rate that range from 15–35%. Nursing home residents are frequently referred to
hospitals for diagnostic tests. They may as well be provided with acute health care services. In our
qualitative study, we shall examine residents and family members' perspective on pneumonia
prevention. The study design that we shall use is qualitative descriptive in nature. The subjects will
be residents and relatives who have received pneumonia treatment. We shall derive them from a
randomized controlled trial. In total, we shall conduct 15 in–depth interviews. We shall then analyze
the collected data editing style. The style was described by Crabtree to establish important themes.
Both residents and relatives prefer pneumonia treatment to take place in nursing homes where
applicable. Caring and attention crucial during provision of care and they can only be attained in a
nursing home context. Interventions to control hospitalizations of nursing home residents suffering
from pneumonia are congruent to residents and relative preferences. Introduction Nursing home–
acquired pneumonia is normally bacterial in origin. Streptococcus pneumonia is the frequent
causative agent. Nevertheless, in adverse

Annotated Bibliography On Data Mining
ABSTRACT
Data mining has popular technology for extracting interesting information for multimedia data sets,
such as audio, video, images, graphics, speech, text and combination of several types of data set.
Multimedia data are unstructured data or semi–structured data. These data are stored in multimedia
database, multimedia mining which is used to find information from large multimedia database
system, using multimedia techniques and powerful tools. The current approaches and techniques are
explained for mining multimedia data. This paper analyzes about the use of essential characteristics
of multimedia data mining, retrieving information is one of the goals of data mining and different
issues have been discussed.
Keywords: Data Mining, Multimedia Mining, Clustering, Classification.
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Multimedia data mining: Multimedia data mining has been shown in fig.1 is a subfield of data
mining that used to find interesting information of implicit knowledge. Multimedia data are
classified into five types, there are (i) text data (ii) image data (iii) audio data (iv) video data and (v)
electronic and digital ink [2]. Text data can be used in web browsers, messages like MMS and SMS.
Image data can be used in art work and pictures with text still images taken by a digital camera.
Audio data contains sound, MP3 songs, speech and music. Video data include time aligned sequence
of frames, MPEG videos from desktops, cell phones, video cameras. Electronic and digital ink

How Of Transfer Music From Android
Article 1 How to transfer music from android to iphone 6
It is really great to use and iPhone. Many people today enjoy using various iPhone devices. Have
you been using and Android phone and now want to switch to your new iPhone 6? Yes, you have
your new iPhone but you could be wondering how you can transfer you wonderful music from your
Android to your iPhone. Well, actually that should not get you any worries. Transferring files from
an Android to an iPhone is an easy task that takes just few minutes to get everything done! Read
through this article and find yourself the best way you can transfer you music from android to
iPhone. We have given guides on the various ways you can use to effectively transfer you music
from android to iPhone. Check out and find one that suits you.
How To Transfer Music From Android To iPhone 6 Using iTunes
You can easily move your music files from your android to your new iPhone using iTunes.
It is a very simple task as is in the following steps:
Step 1: Move your music files from your Android to your computer.
Use a USB cable to connect your android device and transfer your music files from your Android to
your PC or Mac.
Step 2: On your mounted Android device, get to the folder with your music files and copy them so
you can paste them on your computer. You can choose to drag and drop them on your PC/Mac music
folder.
Step 3: Ensure your iPhone is connected before Opening iTunes then get to library and hit on Music.
Step

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Android Phones
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Android has rapidly turn into a standout amongst the most famous mobile platforms. It is presently
notwithstanding surpassing Apple's iPhone. Android phones are furnished with the most recent
innovation and applications. They are utilized to associate with the Internet on cell systems, private
systems and Wi–Fi hotspots. Notwithstanding their numerous points of interest, Android phones
likewise convey security dangers when they go on the web. At the point when an Android phone
builds up an Internet association on a Wi–Fi–hotspot, it is simple for outsiders to see the information
transmitted and additionally what the client does on the web. An Android VPN (Virtual Private
Network) secures these associations, keeping outsiders from getting to private ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Nonetheless, Android itself bolsters the accompanying components:
➤➤ Storage – Uses SQLite, a lightweight social database, for information stockpiling.
➤➤ Connectivity – Supports GSM/EDGE, IDEN, CDMA, EV–DO, UMTS, Bluetooth
(incorporates A2DP and AVRCP), WiFi, LTE, and WiMAX.
➤➤ Messaging – Supports both SMS and MMS.
➤➤ Web program – Based on the open–source WebKit, together with Chrome's V8 JavaScript
motor
➤➤ Media support – Includes support for the accompanying media: H.263, H.264 (in 3GP or MP4
compartment), MPEG–4 SP, AMR, AMR–WB (in 3GP holder), AAC, HE–AAC (in MP4 or
3GP compartment), MP3, MIDI, Ogg Vorbis, WAV, JPEG, PNG, GIF, and BMP
➤➤ Hardware support – Accelerometer Sensor, Camera, Digital Compass, Proximity Sensor, and
GPS
➤➤ Multi–touch – Supports multi–touch screens
➤➤ Multi–tasking – Supports multi–tasking applications

➤➤ Flash backing – Android 2.3 backings Flash 10.1.
➤➤ Tethering
1.4 Architecture of Android
Figure 1–1, which shows the various layers that make up the Android operating system

Steganography, The Most Efficient Part Of Steganography
INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, the use of the Internet is almost inevitable, as the use of Internet continually increases
providing information security is also very key important. One of the reasons cyber attacks are
successful is because the information acquired from the systems are usually readable/unencrypted,
attackers can access. This is where information hiding becomes necessary; it 's a branch of computer
science that deals with concealing the existence of a message. There are four primary sub–
disciplines of information hiding in an undetectable and/or irremovable especially in audio and data
i. Steganography ii. Watermarking iii. Covert Channels iv. Anonymity *Figure 1: Methods of
Information Hiding
For the purpose of this paper, I will be focusing on Steganography, which I believe is the most
efficient part of steganography. Unlike other Information hiding methods where the encryption is
usually detectable, steganography takes it further by hiding the message within mediums like
images, main it almost impossible to detect. The purpose of this paper is to explain Steganography,
how it works compared to other methods and show methods of application and types of
steganography.
WHAT IS STEGANOGRAPHY?
Steganography is the art of communicating in such a way that the presence of a message cannot be
detected; simply put "covered writing". The message is out in plain sight but Steganography hides
the existence of a secret message and in the best case nobody can see that both

Discrete Wavelet Transform For Compressing And...
Discrete Wavelet Transform for Compressing and Decompressing the Speech Signal Bhavana
Pujari1, Prof. S.S.Gundal2 Abstract: The original digital speech signal contains tremendous measure
of memory, the main concept for the speech compression algorithm is presented here, in which bit
rate of the speech signal is reduced with maintaining signal quality for storage, memory saving or
transmission over the long distance. The concentration of this project is to compact the digital
speech signal using Discrete Wavelet Transform and reconstruct same signal using inverse
transform, in .NET. The algorithm of Compression is oriented in three basic operation, they are
apply the DWT, Threshold, Encode the signal for transmission Analysis of compression procedure is
done by comparing the original speech and reconstructed signal. The main advantages of DWT
provides variable compression factor. Keywords: Bit rate, Compression, Decompression, Discrete
Wavelet Transform (DWT), .NET, Threshold. Introduction The Speech is finest effective medium
for viewpoint to face communication and telephony application. Speech coding is the process of
obtaining a compact representation of audio signals for efficient transmission over band–limited
wired and wireless channels and/or storage. The procedure of Compression is done by transferring
an original signal to alternate compressed signal that consist of small amount of memory.
Compression is conceivable simply because information in input data

The Ipod and Spotify
Sound and Audio Engineering
Dubai
Unit FND 100: Foundation Course
FND 100.2 Essay
Student Name: Fin Sheffield
Date : 25/9/2012
Unit Lecturer: Tasnim Saleh
The media industry has changed in the past twenty years in so many ways, most for the better but, in
some cases, for negative reasons. Since the late 1990's, society has witnessed the blow up of the
internet allowing people from all over the world to access and research many different things, the
influx of mobile phones and the advantage it has had on the people, the many different game
consoles around and other things such as the transition between VHS to DVD's and the introduction
of BluRay and Bluetooth. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It has been said that Lady Gaga's song Poker face was played over 1 million times and she earned a
total of $167, so the unknown artist will get next to nothing".
The iPod has enhanced the music industry in so many ways. It can be said that the iPod is the
greatest and most popular music playing device to have ever been made. If you own a iPod you will
know that you can get unlimited digital music, films and apps, some for free and some for a little
price. The good thing about it is that if you only like one song in the album you can buy just that one
song, instead of having to the whole album. The iPod is a MP3 product which allows you to
download the song of your choice from any site and still be able to play it through the iPod. An iPod
can be used for more than just music. It can also be utilized to play games, listen to audio books,
watch films, and recorded transcripts. Anything audio (and usually visual) can be played on the
iPad. There are many different models of iPods, including the "Classic", the "iTouch" and the
"Nano". All include individual features of their own. One of the iPod's great advantages is that it is
mobile and is used by many people on the move from businessmen to school children.
Even though the iPod may have some quite amazing qualities, it also has a severe downside, which
mainly affect the profits of the audio and visual media industries. These centre

Advantages Of Online Edu Moodle
Introduction
Over the last few decades online education has vastly grown especially in the USA. Online
education has became popular among students of all ages. Universities have increased their
enrollment numbers by creating distance learning programs. Online University programs are a
convenient way for students to further their education and has the benefit of not having to go to a
geographical location. Students can access the courses without losing any quality of education that
is being taught in on site degree programs. Many Univiersities now offer online degree programs as
gives the opportunity to students who cannot for some reason attend regular hours further their
education.
Unfortunately many online courses per credit are actually more expensive than on site courses as
indicated by this arcticle ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Moodle is a free and it's a learning management system. Some of the functions it provides are
assignment submission, discussion forum, files download, grading, online quizzes and also
announcements. Moodle has been around for over ten years and is one of the most popular open–
source Course Management Solutions available. As an online course software it is competent and
can be used to handle large classrooms. Moodle great advantage is is that it has all the functions
needed to run an online course and also can be customized to a large degree. Moodle offers all the
basic course elements plus fairly advanced elements. Because Moodle is open source, users have the
ability to customize nearly everything within their implementation if they know where to look.
Moodle requires a self–hosted installation, but building simple courses is fairly intuitive and
requires no coding knowledge. Moodle community is extremely active, any questions can be solved
via a quick search in the instructor forums. Moodle requires setup and maintenance

Thesis On Speech Signals
TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES LIST
OF ABBREVIATIONS ABSTRACT 1. Introduction of Emotional Speech Analysis 1.1 Related
Works 1.2 Motivation and Scope of the Research 1.3 Problem Definition 1.4 Objectives of the study
1.5 Limitations of the Research 1.6 Glossary of terms 1.7 Planning of the remaining chapters 2.
Speech Processing Technology 2.1 Speech Signals and Speech Processing 2.1.1 Speech Production
Model 2.1.2 Digital Signal Processing (DSP) 2.1.2.1 Speech Analysis 2.1.2.2 Speech Coding 2.1.2.3
Speech Synthesis 2.1.2.4 Speech Recognition 2.1.2.5 Speech Enhancement 2.1.2.6 Understanding of
Natural Language 2.1.2.7 Dialog Control 2.1.2.8 Speaker Reception 2.2 Basic features
(Characterization) of Speech Signals 2.3 Speech features extraction techniques for Speech Signals
2.4 Technique to store speech features of Speech Signals 2.4.1 The Nature of the Data 2.4.2 Storage
of Speech files and its features in traditional flat file format 2.4.3 Storage of Speech files and ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The speech signal is typically represented in electrical pulses that are amplitude modulated by the
envelope of the signal. In the CIS (continuous interleaved sampling) strategy (Wilson et al., 1991),
the speech signal is divided into a number of bands and the envelope of each band is extracted and
used to modulate the pulse trains. Speech/Voice is a pressure wave, which is afterward converted in
to numerical values in order to be digitally processed. Converting pressure wave in to numerical
values needs some hardware devices: a microphone allows the pressure sound wave to be converted
in to an electrical signal. A sampling at time intervals yields voltage values, and finally an analog to
digital converter quantizes each signal in to a specific number. Normally, a sampler and an analog to
digital converter are integrated in to audio card, where the basic stages of the signal processing are

The Effectiveness of WordPress Against Traditional...
Comparative Analysis of the Effectiveness of WordPress Against Traditional Methods Of Website
Introduction The aim of this paper is to historically review and compare the WordPress tool and its
effectiveness against more traditional forms of Web Design. This paper will attempt to address the
positive and negative elements of their respective usability based on first–hand experience of the use
of both methods. Figure 1: Elements of Websites There are many common elements which both
websites types own. You need to have a certain level of knowledge about web developing in order to
distinguish them. As I said in first lines of this document I will outline few of common elements of
both but few of elements that make one distinguished by other one. WordPress About WordPress
first became available to the public for use in 2003. Its initial intended function was, using a single
piece of code, to improve typography. Since its initial launch in 2003, WordPress has become the
largest and most popular self–hosting blogging tool in the world. As time passed, the hope was to
develop WordPress into a powerful, well–designed personal publishing system, based upon PHP and
MySQL, and licensed under the GPLv2 (or later versions/variations of this licence). Common Uses
WordPress began solely as a blogging tool, but over the years since its initial launch has become a
powerful content management system, also including plug–ins, widgets and themes. In recent times,
WordPress has

Cognitive Signal Processing : Feature Estimation
Behavioural Signal Processing: Feature Estimation in Speech
Abstract
Human behaviour interrelates closely with the human beings' mental state. The behavioural
information reflects communication, social interaction and even personality. To build a bridge to the
human mind over engineering advances, an operational method, Behavioural Signal Processing
(BSP) technology, has been introduced, which aims to analyse speech–based human behaviour. The
main task of this project is the feature estimation based on BSP. In feature extraction, there are
numerous analysis modes, of which the Mel–frequency cepstral (MFC) represents the short–term
power spectrum of a speech signal. As MFC is about the power spectrum and requires Fourier
Transform, this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
[1]
Moreover, behavioural research for psychological estimations deeply depends on cautious
evaluation of numerous observational indications. [5] Both the observation theory and current
experimental results state that significant other's behaviour is relevant with plentiful factors
including age, gender, education background, cultural background, life experiences as well as recent
mental and physical health conditions such as stress, illness, or disability. [3] Also, the affection
extent between intimate relationships matters much about how people act or communicate/speak. In
this project, the audio data is extracted from a dialogue in drama to simulate a marital discussion.
Behavioural Signal Processing
According to the main reference, "Toward automating a human behavioural coding system for
married couples' interactions using speech acoustic features", in this project, the self–reports of
observable behaviours can be extremely untrustworthy to some extent. Additionally, many of
speaking recognition algorithms centres more on demonstrating objective human behaviour, for
instance, the exact words, that is to say, what words or sentences people exactly say to their partners.
[1] Consequently, the paper states that one of effective methods to analyse the audio data is
Behavioural Signal Processing

The Four Elements Of My Teaching Philosophy And Philosophy...
I believe that ``A tax on gained knowledge is to disseminate it by teaching," which leads to the
unlimited expansion of knowledge. My principle philosophy about teaching is that it is a holy
message to deliver knowledge to anyone who seeks it, and this concept should make learning an
enjoyable experience. My practical teaching philosophy mainly depends on four elements: {bf
knowledge}, {bf encouragement}, {bf contemplation}, and {bf excellence}. The acquisition and
ongoing quest for and to share {bf knowledge} is key for any successful teacher. The {bf
encouragement} of student interaction is necessary for success in learning, especially the
encouragement of a student's {bf contemplation} on how to expand their knowledge based on the
material and always be thinking about new ways to solve problems. This process and involvement
can only lead to academic {bf excellence}. I can contribute to the success and happiness of students
through the practical implication of the four elements of my teaching philosophy. My ongoing quest
for knowledge will allow me to deeply interact with the class materials and student, and
communicate with them on their level of understanding. This balance between the knowledge of the
instructor and knowing the students' needs will allow for the appropriate level of challenge to
maintain interest in the class. When first approaching a topic to teach, I keep the students aware of
the big picture or overall purpose of what they will be studying.

Spectral Band Replication in Audio Coding
Spectral Band Replication (SBR) is a novel audio spectrum recovery technology, it can greatly
improve the efficiency of perceptual audio coding compression, and thus more suitable for
streaming media applications with limited bandwidth. It will be widely used in the world of digital
broadcasting, the third generation mobile communications, multimedia downloads, video–on–
demand and other services. SBR use parametric coding technique that involves complex algorithms;
simply take a long time by the hardware circuit design. And this design cannot keep up with the
constant development of audio standards. In other words: When a new standard integration into the
decoder, it takes a long time to complete the new circuit design, the original method will no longer
have a market value. Be achieved only using the software in power consumption and cost
requirements are higher for portable applications with limited competition. With the increasing
complexity and diversity of multimedia signal processing requirements, hardware and software co–
design concept has been widely applied to the actual design. The two main reasons why Spectral
Band Replication can fit our needs are: First, SBR is capable of reproducing the high frequency
band by using the correlation information which transmitted along with the low frequency band.
Therefore, we can save the bits which were reserved for coding high frequency band without
actually lost the high frequency signal. Second, it is more

A Study On The Big Data
Abstract– Big data is a very important subject in modern times with the rapid advancement of new
technologies for example smartphones, pc/laptops, game consoles, that all in some way gather
information that is stored. Big companies are needing a place to not only store all the data that is
coming in but to also analyze it for specific purposes and at the fastest speed manageable. There are
many different providers out there who provide this service, this paper will talk about one way the
company Google handles data using their own special made platform.
1. INTRODUCTION
such abundance of data on a daily basis in both storing and analyzing as fast as they can. Google is
one such company that not only store data but they analyze data from each user using their product.
The platform used by google for this database management is called BigQuery, which runs in the
cloud and provides real time information. In this survey, the inner working of BigQuery is glossed
over to show how this platform manages to do the job it is supposed to do.
2. WHAT IS BIG DATA
Big data is a vast amount of information, both structured and unstructured, unstructured is
information that is not easy to interpret by traditional databases and structure being the opposite,
which is easy to interpret data made form text or image. Structured or unstructured, the main
business of big data is categorized in to three

Annotated Bibliography On Digital Communication
Melbourne Institute of Technology
Student Name: Ayush Anil Bhatnagar Student ID No.: MIT172670 Unit Name: Overview of Digital
Communication Unit Code: ME502 Lecture & Tutor's Name: Dr Rajan Kadel Assignment No.:
ASSIGNEMENT 1
Assignment Title: Individual Written assignment
Table of contents
Part–A
Requirements
Investigation of current methods
Investigation of new developments
Part–B
Mu law and A–law compander using matlab Simulink
Theories on sampler, quantizer and encoder.
Description of Assignment: To figure out application of waveform coding techniques for digital
audio transmission and digital audio recording.
Part A: Source Coding in Digital Audio Systems ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Working
First the analog signal from the input side is sampled as per the sampling rate as a result of it the
signal is now in the form of discrete signal.so to overcome the aliasing effect we use sampling
frequent which is twice the max frequency of the signal. Quantization process is is used to concert
this discrete signal to binary form after all this step the signal quantize as per the level of the
signal.at the output side decoding of this binary signal take place with maintaining the same level of
quantization in this way we will obtain the original analog signal.
DPCM
Definition
Differential PCM (DPCM) is more compelling then PCM as it figure this distinction and after that
transmit this little contrast motion rather than the whole info input sample. Since the distinction
between input tests is not as much as a whole info sample, the quantity of bits required for

transmission is diminished. As a result it reduces in throughput required to transmit the voice
signals. Utilizing DPCM can lessen the bit rate of any voice transmission down to 48 kbps.
Working and advantage:
The initial segment of DPCM works precisely like PCM so called derived function PCM. The info
sign is sampled at a constant sampling absolute frequency (two times the stimulation frequency).
Then these samples are modulated using the PAM appendage. At this item, the DPCM unconscious
process takes over. The sampled input signaling is stored in what is called

The Impact Of Music On The Music Industry
No one can deny that technology is actively changing the music industry. Production, distribution
and sales of music have been affected dramatically within the last 10 years along with artists,
composers, and technicians. Most of the changes have been great for consumers, but vastly negative
for professionals in the music industry, however a few artists have found ways to adapt to the
changing atmosphere of digitally downloaded music and use it to their advantage. We've seen music
change form from physical, tangible products like records and CD's to electronic single tracks stored
in an invisible cloud. Two major factors in this sudden revolution are online music stores
(specifically iTunes) and file sharing websites that allow music to be downloaded illegally.
Since the iTunes music store was introduced on April 28, 2003, gross music sales have plummeted
in the United States – from $11.8 billion in 2003 to $7.1 billion in 2012, according to the Recording
Industry Association of America (Covert). Counterintuitively, during that time consumers were
buying more music than ever. How is that possible? It 's because iTunes had made digital singles
popular and was selling them cheap. This would change the music industry forever. In 2000,
Americans bought 943 million CD albums (Covert), and digital sales didn't even make a dent in
comparison. But by 2007, those inexpensive singles overtook CDs by a wide margin, generating 819
million sales compared to just 500 million for the CD.

“Apple Computer, Inc.: Think Different, Think Online Music”
1. 4 C's Stakeholder Analysis Customers Based on the background of "the era of the Digital
lifestyle", iTunes 3 target customers are; Stakeholder Stake in the project Potential impact on Project
Growth percentage of online distribution Perceived attitudes and/or risks 12 – 24 years Downloaded
an average of 12 tunes per month, housing libraries between 25 to more than 300,000 songs from
the internet High 59% Unlimited library of songs and videos by genre, artist and album Software
design is attractive and easy to use Sound in industry standard Dolby Advanced Audio, allowing CD
quality sound Better data compression allowing users to store more files more quickly There was no
subscription fee but songs were not free The teens ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A provision of 30 seconds preview Functionality Exclusive to Mac users only Price Financing
Narrow profit margin due to royalties Per song Royalties – $ 0.70 Admin Costs – $ 0.12 Profits – $
0.17 Total – $ 0.99 List price A single price for each tune, regardless of the genre, artist, album or
hit. Allowances Availability of bonus tracks Place Location Internet based website functioning as the
interface for the online store Channel of motivation One click shopping service Market Coverage
Available internationally, serving various customers at one given time Promotion Media Abundance
of positive press Apples stylish brand tones was continuous with many of the artists images
Advertising Attractive television advertising blitz with organic tones Ilife bundled software suite As
the Strategic Director of iTunes, to create a barrier against the competition, I would: a. Launch a
windows version without any more delays b. Add an additional feature i.e. customer loyalty
schemes tying customers to buy at iTunes only c. Customer management software tracking and
monitoring consumers purchases & needs d. Buymusic.com was exclusive to Windows PC users
that were the larger

Quality Of Service : Wireless And Cellular Networks
COEN 331 Summer 15
Nishant Bochare W1165712
Quality of service in Wireless and Cellular Networks
A report by Nishant Bochare
Santa Clara University
Submitted to
Dr. Keyvan Moataghed
Audience
Audience for this topic can be the anyone who has some basic knowledge about networking. This
Document provide detailed information about quality of structure (QoS) in wireless networks and
cellular networks.
This document contain overview of QoS and several enhancement and schemes for QoS. The reader
for this document can be student, researcher, technician and working employe in networking related
field.
INDEX
1. Introduction 3
2. Definition of QoS 5
3. QoS overview and Background 5
4. QoS Guarantees 7
5. QoS network architecture 8
6. Applications Requiring QoS 9
7. User Perceived Quality 10
8. QoS Scheme 10 8.1 Challenges of Wired QoS 11 8.2 Wired QoS Schemes 11
8.2.1 Integrated Services (IntServ) 11
8.2.2 Differentiated Services (DiffServ) 11
9. QoS Limitation of IEEE 802.11 MAC 12 9.1 QoS limitations of DCF 12 9.2 QoS limitations of
PCF 13
10. IEEE 802.11e 13

10.1 Enhanced Distributed Coordination Function (EDCF) 14
10.2 Arbitration inter–frame spacing (AIFS) in 802.11 15
11. IEEE 802.16 16
12. INSIGNIA 16
13. Cross–layer Scheduling

Audio Assets Definition
What are Assets?
"Assets are sometimes defined as resources or things of value that are owned by a company."
(1) Audio
Audio is sound that is within the acoustic range which is available to humans. An Audio Frequency
(AF) is an electrical alternating current within the 20 to 20,000 hertz (cycles per second) range
which can be used to produce acoustic sound. In computers, audio is the sound system that comes
with or can be added to a computer. An audio card contains a special built–in processor and memory
for processing audio files and sending them to speakers in the computer. Audio files are records of
sound that has been captured and can be played back. Sound is a succession of naturally analog
signals which are converted to digital ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There is also no compression involved. The digital recording is a close–to–exact representation of
the analog sound. PCM is most commonly used in CD's and DVD's. It has a subtype called Linear
Pulse–Code Modulation, where samples are taken at linear intervals. LCPM is the most common
form of PCM, which is why the two terms are almost interchangeable.
WAV
WAV is also known as Waveform Audio File Format. It was developed by Microsoft and IBM back
in 1991. Lots of people seem to assume that WAV files are uncompressed audio files, but that's not
always true. WAV is actually just a Windows container for audio formats. This means that a WAV
file can contain compressed audio, but it's not usually used for that. A lot of WAV files contain
uncompressed audio in PCM format. The WAV file is just a "wrapper" for the PCM encoding, which
therefore makes it a lot more suitable for use on Windows systems. However, Mac systems can
usually open WAV files without any issues.
AIFF
AIFF stands for Audio Interchange File Format. Alike Microsoft and IBM developed WAV for
Windows; AIFF is a format that was developed by Apple specifically for Mac systems back in 1988.
Also similar to WAV files, AIFF files can also contain multiple kinds of audio. For example, there is
a compressed version called AIFF–C and another version called Apple Loops which is used by

Advantage And Disadvantage Of Multicarrier Transmission
3.1 Introduction Multicarrier transmission, also known as OFDM is a technique with a long history
back to 1960that has recently seen rising popularity in wireless and wire line. In the recent interest
in this technique is mainly due to the recent advances in digital signal processing technology. The
International standards making use of OFDM for high–speed wireless communications are already
established or being established by IEEE 802.11, IEEE, 802.16, IEEE 802.20 and ETSIBRAN
committees. For wireless applications, an OFDM–based system can be of interest because it
provides greater immunity to multipath fading, and impulse noise, in eliminates the need for
equalizers, efficient hardware implementation can be realized using FFT techniques. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The OFDM makes single–frequency networks possible, which is especially attractive for
broadcasting applications. 3.1.2 Disadvantages of OFDM Transmission: In the OFDM is more
sensitive to frequency offset and phase noise. In OFDM has a relatively large peak–to–average–
power ratio, which tends to reduce the power efficiency of the radio frequency (RF) amplifier. 3.1.3
Application of OFDM During the past decade, OFDM has been adopted in many wireless
communication standards networks, including European digital audio broadcasting system, and
terrestrial digital video broadcasting, and satellite terrestrial interactive multiservice infrastructure in
China. In addition, OFDM has been considered or approved by many groups are working in IEEE
standard, such as IEEE 802.11a/g/n standard network, IEEE 802.15.3a, and IEEE 802.16d/e. The
applications include wireless local area networks, wireless personal area networks and wireless
metropolitan networks. Currently, OFDMA is being investigated as one of the most promising radio
transmission techniques for LTE of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), International
Mobile Telecommunications–Advanced

The Concepts Of Big Data Analysis Essay
Abstract–The important goal of this paper is to provide an overview on the concepts of big data
analysis. Furthermore the growing emergence and importance of qualitative data analysis in the field
of business intelligence and data science is broadly explained .It also marks out effective tools and
techniques used to obtain prominent qualitative analytic results on the global level. Moreover we
have concluded on the basis of comparison of the tools depending on various factors and parameters
by representing it on a tabular manner. I. INTRODUCTION Today, the data consumption rate is
tremendously expanding, the amount of data generated and stored is nearly imperceivable and
highly growing. Big data that is nothing but a large volume of unstructured or structured data that
runs in and out in to a business on daily basis. This big data is analyzed in order to achieve
prominent business growth and improved business strategies [1]. Every year there is at least 40%
increase in the amount of data growth on global level, leading to which companies have started
adopting new data analytic techniques and tools and also have stepped ahead moving their data
towards the cloud for their big data analytic requirements and for better analysis.[3][2] In big data
analysis it is not the amount of data that is essential but how efficiently we handle, process and
analyze it is the key factor. Big data analysis doesn't revolve around how much data we occupy, it
deals with how well you make use

The Big Data Is A Significant Subject Of Modern Times With...
Abstract– Big data is a significant subject in modern times with the rapid advancement of new
technologies for example, smartphones, pc/laptops, game consoles, that all in some way store
information. Big companies require a place to not only store all the data that is coming in but to also
analyze it for specific purposes and at the fastest speed manageable. There are many different
providers out there who provide this service, this paper will talk about one way the company Google
handles data using their own special made platform.
1. INTRODUCTION
such abundance of data on a daily basis in both storing and analyzing as fast as they can. One such
company that not only store data is Google, they also analyze data from each user using their
product. The platform used by google for this database management called BigQuery, which runs in
the cloud and provides real time information. In this survey, the inner working of BigQuery is
glossed over to show how this platform manages to do the job it is supposed to accomplish.
2. WHAT IS BIG DATA
Big data is a vast amount of information, both structured and unstructured, unstructured is
information that is not simple to interpret by traditional databases and structured information is the
opposite, which is not too difficult to interpret data made form text or image. Structured or
unstructured, the main business of big data is categorized

Cocoa Touch Layer Analysis
from, by making use of the real calculating equation intended for BMR, knowledge of controlling
plus limiting errors is acquired. However, because of the extensive analysis scope, there are not so
many features can provide from the program. Also, the testing part is completed manually so there
may be few unexpected instances that cannot be controlled correctly (appendix 1). Apart from, you
may still find some limitations from the plan. Firstly, the application will come back wrong result if
consumer input extremely large information like one million for that height, the weight or the age
group. Secondly, some advanced functions such as notifications, reminder plus multiple
recommended training applications are not included due to the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It offers huge number of design and components strategies from Apple, including multi–tasking,
touch–based input and output, updates, plus high–level system contacts. Consequently, Cocoa touch
layer is among the most fundamental layer of iOS app (Apple 2014, offered 22 02.2017).
Mass media layer provides various multi–media autos, including video, graphics and functionalities.
Graphics technologies content material several embedded libraries which usually enhances iOS
applications' top quality customer interface and easy in order to customize due to the versatility.
Audio technologies, on the other hand, include hearing experiences. Audio systems support rich
audio built, HDMI content, playback and audio recording–in sounds. Finally, video systems utilize
the charged power associated with phone to manage video items such as playing and documenting.
Besides, with appropriate documenting hardware, video technologies can offer the ability for
streaming video clip contents through internet furthermore. As referred to earlier, the particular Core
layer has 2 sub layer called Primary Services layer and Primary OS layer. Core solutions layer is the
layer intended for which includes peer–to–peer such as iCloud, social media sharing, networking
and services. iCloud, or even iCloud storage, could be the Apple's online data storage space. iCloud
service provides advantages for writing user information and information to the particular central

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