1. Image processing involves modifying digital images using various techniques. It is used to check for presence, detect and localize objects, and identify and verify objects from images. 2. There are two main types of image processing: analog image processing which alters images through electrical means like TV, and digital image processing which processes 2D images using computers by representing images as arrays of pixels. 3. Key steps in image processing include image acquisition, preprocessing, segmentation, representation, description, and recognition. Techniques include representation, preprocessing, enhancement, analysis, and data compression. Applications are in remote sensing, medicine, forensics, military, film, documents, graphics, printing, and more.

1. IMAGE PROCESSING
PRESENTED BY:
SHER MUHAMMAD RAHEEL AHMED
2K16/TCT/62 2K16/TCT/50
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2. CONTENTS:
INTRODUCTION. TYPES OF
“IMAGE PROCESSING”.
TECHNIQUES OF
“IMAGE PROCESSING”.
APPLICATIONS OF
“IMAGE PROCESSING”.
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3. INTRODUCTION:
Image processing is any form of signal processing for which the input is an image, such as a
photograph or video frame; the output of image processing may be either an image or a set of
characteristics or parameters related to the image.
Why we need image processing:
 Checking for presence
 Object detection and localization.
 Identification and verification.
Since an image is an array, or a matrix, of square pixels (picture elements) arranged in
columns and rows. If it is an grey scale image it has 8 bit colour depth = 256 grayscales. While
A "true colour" image has 24 bit colour depth = 8 x 8 x 8 bits = 256 x 256 x colour = ~16 million
colours
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4. TYPES/ METHODS OF IMAGE PROCESSING:
There are mainly two methods or types of image processing
1. Analog Image Processing:
Analog Image Processing is refer to the alteration of image through
electrical means such example is the television image. The television
signal is a voltage level which varies in amplitude to represent
brightness through the image.
2. Digital Image Processing:
Digital image processing is refer to processing of a two dimensional
picture by a digital computer. A digital image is an array of actual
numbers represented by a finite number of bits called as pixels.
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5. FUNDAMENTAL STEPS IN IMAGE PROCESSING:
1. Image acquisition: to capture a digital image
2. Image preprocessing: to improve the image in
ways that increase the chances for success of the
other process over the capture image.
3. Image segmentation: to partitions an input image
into its constituent parts or objects.
4. Image representation: to convert the input data to
a form suitable for computer processing.
5. Image description: to extract basic information for
differentiating one class of objects from another.
6. Image recognition: to assign a label to an object
based on the information provided by its
descriptors.
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6. IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES :
The various Image Processing techniques are:
Image representation
Image preprocessing
Image enhancement
Image analysis
Image data compression
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7. IMAGE REPRESENATION:
IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES:
An image defined as in the "real world" is considered to be a
function of two real variables, such example, f(x,y) with f as the
amplitude of the image at the real coordinate position (x,y). An
image processing operation typically defines a new image g in
terms of an existing image f. The elements of such a digital
array are called image elements or pixels. The effect of
digitization is given figure.
IMAGE PREPROCESSING:
Preprocessing functions involve those operations that are
normally required prior to the image analysis.
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8. IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES:
IMAGE ENHANCEMENT:
This technique include the function over pixels (Spatial method), Fourier transform of an image, Equalization
and Filtering of an image.
IMAGE COMPRESSION:
IMAGE ANALYSIS :
Image analysis differs from other types of image processing methods, such as enhancement or restoration in that the final
result of image analysis procedures is a numerical output rather than a picture such as object detection.
The objective of image compression is to reduce the size of digital images to
save storage space and transmission time.
Sampling
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9. APPLICATION OF IMAGE PROCESSING:
Image Processing is used in various applications such as:
• Remote Sensing
• Medical Imaging
• Forensic Studies
• Textiles
• Military
• Film industry
• Document processing
• Graphic arts
• Printing Industry
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