international court of jurisdiction-its composition,types of jurisdiction,activities,cases,contentious and advisory jurisdiction,corfu channel case and nuclear weapon case
international court of jurisdiction-its composition,types of jurisdiction,activities,cases,contentious and advisory jurisdiction,corfu channel case and nuclear weapon case
Response to Questions for OHCHR Report on Preventing Child, Early and Forced Marriages for Twenty-sixth Session of the Human Rights Council
HAQ: Center for Child Rights
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'Child Rights in India' Presented by Mr. Nandeesh Y D at an International Conference. You can request for a copy of the presentation at ydnandeesh@gmail.com
Doktorsitesi.com EphMRA davranış tüzüğüne uygun pazar araştırma çalışmalaraı yapacağını tahhüt eder. Daha detaylı bilgi için www.doktorsitesi.com adresini ziyaret ediniz.
This is a presentation on ILO (International Labour Organization) It covers what is ILO, Objectives, Structure, function and the constitution along with the Role of India and ILO
A "File Trademark" is a legal term referring to the registration of a unique symbol, logo, or name used to identify and distinguish products or services. This process provides legal protection, granting exclusive rights to the trademark owner, and helps prevent unauthorized use by competitors.
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Military Commissions details LtCol Thomas Jasper as Detailed Defense CounselThomas (Tom) Jasper
Military Commissions Trial Judiciary, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Notice of the Chief Defense Counsel's detailing of LtCol Thomas F. Jasper, Jr. USMC, as Detailed Defense Counsel for Abd Al Hadi Al-Iraqi on 6 August 2014 in the case of United States v. Hadi al Iraqi (10026)
Car Accident Injury Do I Have a Case....Knowyourright
Every year, thousands of Minnesotans are injured in car accidents. These injuries can be severe – even life-changing. Under Minnesota law, you can pursue compensation through a personal injury lawsuit.
DNA Testing in Civil and Criminal Matters.pptxpatrons legal
Get insights into DNA testing and its application in civil and criminal matters. Find out how it contributes to fair and accurate legal proceedings. For more information: https://www.patronslegal.com/criminal-litigation.html
WINDING UP of COMPANY, Modes of DissolutionKHURRAMWALI
Winding up, also known as liquidation, refers to the legal and financial process of dissolving a company. It involves ceasing operations, selling assets, settling debts, and ultimately removing the company from the official business registry.
Here's a breakdown of the key aspects of winding up:
Reasons for Winding Up:
Insolvency: This is the most common reason, where the company cannot pay its debts. Creditors may initiate a compulsory winding up to recover their dues.
Voluntary Closure: The owners may decide to close the company due to reasons like reaching business goals, facing losses, or merging with another company.
Deadlock: If shareholders or directors cannot agree on how to run the company, a court may order a winding up.
Types of Winding Up:
Voluntary Winding Up: This is initiated by the company's shareholders through a resolution passed by a majority vote. There are two main types:
Members' Voluntary Winding Up: The company is solvent (has enough assets to pay off its debts) and shareholders will receive any remaining assets after debts are settled.
Creditors' Voluntary Winding Up: The company is insolvent and creditors will be prioritized in receiving payment from the sale of assets.
Compulsory Winding Up: This is initiated by a court order, typically at the request of creditors, government agencies, or even by the company itself if it's insolvent.
Process of Winding Up:
Appointment of Liquidator: A qualified professional is appointed to oversee the winding-up process. They are responsible for selling assets, paying off debts, and distributing any remaining funds.
Cease Trading: The company stops its regular business operations.
Notification of Creditors: Creditors are informed about the winding up and invited to submit their claims.
Sale of Assets: The company's assets are sold to generate cash to pay off creditors.
Payment of Debts: Creditors are paid according to a set order of priority, with secured creditors receiving payment before unsecured creditors.
Distribution to Shareholders: If there are any remaining funds after all debts are settled, they are distributed to shareholders according to their ownership stake.
Dissolution: Once all claims are settled and distributions made, the company is officially dissolved and removed from the business register.
Impact of Winding Up:
Employees: Employees will likely lose their jobs during the winding-up process.
Creditors: Creditors may not recover their debts in full, especially if the company is insolvent.
Shareholders: Shareholders may not receive any payout if the company's debts exceed its assets.
Winding up is a complex legal and financial process that can have significant consequences for all parties involved. It's important to seek professional legal and financial advice when considering winding up a company.
NATURE, ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW.pptxanvithaav
These slides helps the student of international law to understand what is the nature of international law? and how international law was originated and developed?.
The slides was well structured along with the highlighted points for better understanding .
PRECEDENT AS A SOURCE OF LAW (SAIF JAVED).pptxOmGod1
Precedent, or stare decisis, is a cornerstone of common law systems where past judicial decisions guide future cases, ensuring consistency and predictability in the legal system. Binding precedents from higher courts must be followed by lower courts, while persuasive precedents may influence but are not obligatory. This principle promotes fairness and efficiency, allowing for the evolution of the law as higher courts can overrule outdated decisions. Despite criticisms of rigidity and complexity, precedent ensures similar cases are treated alike, balancing stability with flexibility in judicial decision-making.
ALL EYES ON RAFAH BUT WHY Explain more.pdf46adnanshahzad
All eyes on Rafah: But why?. The Rafah border crossing, a crucial point between Egypt and the Gaza Strip, often finds itself at the center of global attention. As we explore the significance of Rafah, we’ll uncover why all eyes are on Rafah and the complexities surrounding this pivotal region.
INTRODUCTION
What makes Rafah so significant that it captures global attention? The phrase ‘All eyes are on Rafah’ resonates not just with those in the region but with people worldwide who recognize its strategic, humanitarian, and political importance. In this guide, we will delve into the factors that make Rafah a focal point for international interest, examining its historical context, humanitarian challenges, and political dimensions.
Responsibilities of the office bearers while registering multi-state cooperat...Finlaw Consultancy Pvt Ltd
Introduction-
The process of register multi-state cooperative society in India is governed by the Multi-State Co-operative Societies Act, 2002. This process requires the office bearers to undertake several crucial responsibilities to ensure compliance with legal and regulatory frameworks. The key office bearers typically include the President, Secretary, and Treasurer, along with other elected members of the managing committee. Their responsibilities encompass administrative, legal, and financial duties essential for the successful registration and operation of the society.
Debt Mapping Camp bebas riba to know how much our debt
Ilo
1. The ILO
Janice R. Bellace
Samuel Blank Professor of Legal Studies
The Wharton School
University of Pennsylvania
April 4, 2008
2. The ILO
• The first “UN” agency
• Established by the Treaty of Versailles –
chapter XIII in 1919
• Recognition at end of WW I that social
justice for workers was a basis for peace
• US, UK (British Empire) and Europe the
founding members
• Currently 178 member states
3. Structure of the ILO
• The International Labour Conference
• The Governing Body
• The Office
• The specialist parts
– Committee of Experts 1921
– Committee on Freedom of Association
4. History
• Headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland from
the beginning
• Survived the collapse of the League of
Nations
• War-time evacuation to Canada
• 1944 Declaration of Philadelphia – a
forerunner of the UN Charter
5. Declaration of Philadelphia
• Labour is not a commodity;
• Freedom of expression and of association are essential
to sustained progress;
• Poverty anywhere constitutes a danger to prosperity
everywhere;
• The war against want requires to be carried on with
unrelenting vigour within each nation, and by continuous
and concerted international effort in which the
representatives of workers and employers, enjoying
equal status with those of governments, join with them in
free discussion and democratic decision with a view to
the promotion of the common welfare.
6. ILO Mission
The ILO is dedicated to
• bringing decent work and livelihoods,
• job-related security, and
• better living standards
to the people of both poor and rich
countries.
7. The International
Labour Organization
(ILO) is devoted to
reducing poverty ,
achieving fair
globalization and
advancing opportunities
for women and men to
obtain decent and
productive work in
conditions of freedom,
equity, security and
human dignity.
8. Composition of ILO
• Unique membership structure
• Each member state has 4 representatives
2 from government
1 employers’ representative
1 workers’ representative
• Therefore, in voting, it is possible for one
member state to come out on both sides of
an issue
9. Composition of the ILO
• Constituent parts reflect the tripartite
structure of the Conference
• Committees 3 co-chairs (or at least 2 co-
chairs: employers’ and workers’
representatives)
• The Conference Committee on the
Application of Standards: employer and
worker representatives review
governments’ compliance
10. Composition of the ILO
• Committee of Experts composed of neutral
persons who review reports sent by
governments on compliance with ratified
conventions
• Committee on Freedom of Association is
tripartite (neutral chair, employers’ and
workers’ members of the panel). CFA
considers specific disputes arising under
Conventions 87 and 98.
11. ILO Conventions
188 Conventions
• Ratification is voluntary
• Governments obliged to consider
ratification
• Pattern of ratification varies considerably
12. ILO Conventions
188 Conventions fall into 3 categories:
• Protecting basic human rights
• Promoting key instrumentalities of social
policy formation
• Establishing basic labor standards
13. The Declaration
• 1998 Declaration of Fundamental
Principles and Rights at Work
• Not worker rights but human rights that
have particular applicability at work
• Fundamental rights drawn from UN
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
(1948)
14. The Declaration
• freedom of association and the effective
recognition of the right to collective
bargaining;
• the elimination of all forms of forced or
compulsory labor;
• the effective abolition of child labor; and
• the elimination of discrimination in
respect of employment and occupation
15. Core Conventions
• C. 87 Freedom of Association and the
Right to Organise (1948) --
similar to Art. 20 of UN Universal
Declaration
• C. 98 Collective Bargaining (1949) –
similar to Art 23 of Universal Declaration
16. Core Conventions
• Convention no. 29, Forced Labour (1930)
which calls upon ratifying States to refrain
from the use of forced or compulsory
labour.
• Convention No. 105, Abolition of Forced
Labour (1957) which calls upon ratifying
States to take active steps to eliminate
compulsory labor
17. Core Conventions
• Convention no. 138 Minimum Age (1973)
• Convention no. 182
Worst Forms of Child Labour (2000) –
activities designed to harm the health,
safety or morals of children
18. Core Conventions
• Convention no. 100 Equal Remuneration
(1950) -- for work of “equal value”
• Convention no. 111 Discrimination
(1958) prohibits discrimination on the
basis of race, color, sex, political opinion,
national extraction or social origin
19. Core Conventions
Ratification drive since 1998 designed
• to highlight the fundamental importance of
these 8 conventions (out of 188)
• to persuade governments of the
importance of working to implement these
fundamental human rights
• to gain formal tripartite commitment to
upholding these principles
20. Committee of Experts
• Committee of Experts on the Application of
Conventions and Recommendations
(not Committee on Freedom of Association)
• 20 independent “jurists” from around the
world (not representatives of their
country)
• Highest supervisory body in the ILO
21. Committee of Experts
Committee of Experts expresses its views
on a member state’s compliance with a
ratified convention in two forms:
• Observations
• Direct Requests
22. Committee of Experts
Committee of Experts expresses its views
on the meaning of a Convention or a topic
covered in several conventions in a
General Survey.
The Governing Body each year selects the
topic for the annual General Survey.
2007 - Procurement
23. Committee of Experts
In Observations and Direct Requests, the
Committee of Experts aims
1.To point out specific areas of discrepancy
between the convention’s requirements
and national law and practice
2.To focus only on the most important points
3.To maintain a dialogue
24. Committee of Experts
In Observations and Direct Requests, the
Committee of Experts
1.does not dictate specific changes to
national law
2.may note a possible way of resolving non-
compliance
3.may offer the “services of the Office”
25. Services of the Office
Technical Cooperation
1.Staff from 40 field offices focus on needs
of the region
2.Multi-disciplinary teams
3.Training workshops
4.Missions
5.Commissions of Inquiry
26. ILO Initiatives
• Decent Work campaign
• International Program for the Elimination
of Child Labor (IPEC)