I polifenoli estratti dalle olive sono in grado di ridurre l'infiammazione mediata da TNF alfa. Esiste inoltre un effetto sinergico nella riduzione dello stato infiammatorio tra idrossitirosolo e glucosammina.
- inglese - testo scientifico -
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECTOF POMEGRANATE PEEL AND WHEY...Anurag Raghuvanshi
The antioxidant activity of pomegranate peel powder (PPP) and whey powder (WP) was evaluated, their hepatoprotective effect of each alone or in combination (PPWP) at equal levels was also evaluated in Wistar rats against carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) induced liver injury.
The hepatoprotective activity was assessed using various biochemical parameters and histopathological studies.
Hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of Hibiscus Sabdariffa on alcoho...Bhavana Gundavarapu
The aim of present study was to investigate the Hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Malvaceace) leaves in albino rats on alcohol induced hepatotoxic activity. .
Steroids are compounds containing a cyclic steroid nucleus. They include mineralocorticoids like aldosterone, glucocorticoids like cortisol, and sex hormones. Glucocorticoids have effects on metabolism, inflammation, immunity, and more. They are used to treat conditions like inflammatory bowel disease. Long term steroid use can suppress the HPA axis and cause adverse effects, so tapering is important. During stress and surgery, steroids may need to be increased or supplemented to avoid adrenal insufficiency.
Does allicin combined with vitamin B-complex have superior potentials than α-...Prof. Hesham N. Mustafa
Background: The current article aims to explore the protective potentials of α-tocopherol
alone and the combination of allicin and vitamin B-complex against lead-acetate
neurotoxicity on the cerebellar cortex.
Materials and methods: Forty rats were divided into four groups (n=10). Group 1 was the
control group. Group 2 received 10 mg/kg body weight (BW) of lead acetate. Group 3 was
exposed to 10 mg/kg BW of lead acetate plus a combination of allicin (100 mg/kg BW)
and vit. B-complex (40 mg/kg BW). Group 4 was administered lead acetate (10 mg/kg
BW) and α-tocopherol (100 mg/kg BW). The animals received treatment for sixty days by
oral gavage. All the groups were studied ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically with
glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).
Results: The affected groups revealed shrunken and degenerated Purkinje cells with
irregular nuclei. The cytoplasm comprised several lysosomes, unhealthy mitochondria, and
dilated Golgi saccules. The myelinated nerve fibers demonstrated breaking of the myelin
sheaths, apparent vacuoles, and broad axonal spaces. Immunohistochemically, there was a
tremendous surge in GFAP-positive astrocytes in the lead acetate-treated group. These
histological and ultrastructural variations were ameliorated by the administration of α-
tocopherol and the combination of allicin and vit. B complex. Moreover, an apparent
decrease in the number of GFAP-positive astrocytes was obvious in the protected groups.
Conclusions: Although both α-tocopherol and the combination of allicin and vit. Bcomplex can be used as possible adjuvant therapies to ameliorate nervous system ailments
attributable to lead acetate, α-tocopherol showed more protective potential.
Key words: Allicin, Purkinje cells, Astrocytes, GFAP, Oligodendrocyte, Myelin Figure
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
This document summarizes research on the potential role of oil palm phenolics (OPP) in cancer prevention and treatment. Key points include:
1) OPP have demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may help prevent chronic diseases like cancer. Studies in mice and human cells show OPP can protect against cancer progression.
2) OPP have been shown to inhibit the growth of human breast and prostate cancer cells in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. In animal studies, OPP supplementation reduced colon polyps and tumors.
3) The anticancer effects of OPP may be due to their ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells and affect cell cycle genes and signaling pathways involved in proliferation and metastasis.
Pharma supplements recombinant proteins as excipients Stephen Berezenko
1) The document discusses challenges in formulating biotherapeutics like proteins and how commonly used excipients like gelatin and human serum albumin have issues related to purity, consistency, and potential risk of transmitting diseases.
2) It describes how recombinant DNA technology has been used to produce recombinant versions of gelatin and human serum albumin as excipients that are highly pure, consistent, and avoid risks from animal or human sources.
3) Recombinant human albumin called Recombumin has been commercially developed and clinically tested as a safer alternative to use in biotherapeutic formulations compared to traditional excipients from animal or human sources.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECTOF POMEGRANATE PEEL AND WHEY...Anurag Raghuvanshi
The antioxidant activity of pomegranate peel powder (PPP) and whey powder (WP) was evaluated, their hepatoprotective effect of each alone or in combination (PPWP) at equal levels was also evaluated in Wistar rats against carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) induced liver injury.
The hepatoprotective activity was assessed using various biochemical parameters and histopathological studies.
Hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of Hibiscus Sabdariffa on alcoho...Bhavana Gundavarapu
The aim of present study was to investigate the Hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Malvaceace) leaves in albino rats on alcohol induced hepatotoxic activity. .
Steroids are compounds containing a cyclic steroid nucleus. They include mineralocorticoids like aldosterone, glucocorticoids like cortisol, and sex hormones. Glucocorticoids have effects on metabolism, inflammation, immunity, and more. They are used to treat conditions like inflammatory bowel disease. Long term steroid use can suppress the HPA axis and cause adverse effects, so tapering is important. During stress and surgery, steroids may need to be increased or supplemented to avoid adrenal insufficiency.
Does allicin combined with vitamin B-complex have superior potentials than α-...Prof. Hesham N. Mustafa
Background: The current article aims to explore the protective potentials of α-tocopherol
alone and the combination of allicin and vitamin B-complex against lead-acetate
neurotoxicity on the cerebellar cortex.
Materials and methods: Forty rats were divided into four groups (n=10). Group 1 was the
control group. Group 2 received 10 mg/kg body weight (BW) of lead acetate. Group 3 was
exposed to 10 mg/kg BW of lead acetate plus a combination of allicin (100 mg/kg BW)
and vit. B-complex (40 mg/kg BW). Group 4 was administered lead acetate (10 mg/kg
BW) and α-tocopherol (100 mg/kg BW). The animals received treatment for sixty days by
oral gavage. All the groups were studied ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically with
glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).
Results: The affected groups revealed shrunken and degenerated Purkinje cells with
irregular nuclei. The cytoplasm comprised several lysosomes, unhealthy mitochondria, and
dilated Golgi saccules. The myelinated nerve fibers demonstrated breaking of the myelin
sheaths, apparent vacuoles, and broad axonal spaces. Immunohistochemically, there was a
tremendous surge in GFAP-positive astrocytes in the lead acetate-treated group. These
histological and ultrastructural variations were ameliorated by the administration of α-
tocopherol and the combination of allicin and vit. B complex. Moreover, an apparent
decrease in the number of GFAP-positive astrocytes was obvious in the protected groups.
Conclusions: Although both α-tocopherol and the combination of allicin and vit. Bcomplex can be used as possible adjuvant therapies to ameliorate nervous system ailments
attributable to lead acetate, α-tocopherol showed more protective potential.
Key words: Allicin, Purkinje cells, Astrocytes, GFAP, Oligodendrocyte, Myelin Figure
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
This document summarizes research on the potential role of oil palm phenolics (OPP) in cancer prevention and treatment. Key points include:
1) OPP have demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may help prevent chronic diseases like cancer. Studies in mice and human cells show OPP can protect against cancer progression.
2) OPP have been shown to inhibit the growth of human breast and prostate cancer cells in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. In animal studies, OPP supplementation reduced colon polyps and tumors.
3) The anticancer effects of OPP may be due to their ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells and affect cell cycle genes and signaling pathways involved in proliferation and metastasis.
Pharma supplements recombinant proteins as excipients Stephen Berezenko
1) The document discusses challenges in formulating biotherapeutics like proteins and how commonly used excipients like gelatin and human serum albumin have issues related to purity, consistency, and potential risk of transmitting diseases.
2) It describes how recombinant DNA technology has been used to produce recombinant versions of gelatin and human serum albumin as excipients that are highly pure, consistent, and avoid risks from animal or human sources.
3) Recombinant human albumin called Recombumin has been commercially developed and clinically tested as a safer alternative to use in biotherapeutic formulations compared to traditional excipients from animal or human sources.
I danni del fumo sono dovuti ai radicali liberi: è possibile contrastarli per...CreAgri Europe
1) Olive mill waste waters (OMWWs) contain the antioxidant phenolic compound hydroxytyrosol.
2) Exposure of rats to passive cigarette smoke increased a biomarker of oxidative stress, 8-iso-PGF2, in their urine.
3) Administration of an OMWW extract containing hydroxytyrosol prevented the rise in 8-iso-PGF2 due to passive smoking, demonstrating that hydroxytyrosol reduces oxidative stress induced by cigarette smoke.
This document discusses resveratrol, a natural compound found in red wine and other foods. It provides background on resveratrol chemistry and properties, including its structure as a stilbenoid with three hydroxyl groups. Synthetic methods for producing resveratrol are summarized, including a new efficient synthesis using a Heck reaction. The health benefits of resveratrol are outlined, such as anti-aging and heart health effects. Spectroscopy data is presented to characterize the structure of resveratrol and intermediates produced during synthesis.
Protective effects of commelina benghalensis linn (root) extract on ethanol i...IJSIT Editor
The present study was undertaken to investigate the protective effect and possible mechanism of
alcoholic (AlE) and aqueous extract (AqE) from Commelina benghalensis root (CB) on EtOH-induced hepatic
injury in Wistar rat. Hepatotoxic parameters studied in vivo include serum transaminases (AST, and ALT),
ALP, bilirubin, protein, lipid profile (Cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL and HDL) and level of antioxidants
together with histopathological examination. Liv 52® was used as a reference hepatoprotective agent
(5ml/kg-1b.w.). AlE and AqE (200 mg/kg-1b.w.) on oral administration decreased the level of AST, ALP, ALT,
bilirubin, cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL, MDA and increased the level of protein, HDL and antioxidants (SOD,
GSH and CAT) in rats being treated with ethanol (EtOH). Pentobarbitone -induced sleeping time study was
carried out to verify the effect on microsomal enzymes Histopathological observations confirmed the
beneficial roles of MF against EtOH-induced liver injury in rats. Possible mechanism may involve their
antioxidant activity
This document contains questions from a previous exam on nutrition and metabolism. It includes questions about biochemical reactions involving UDP-glucose, HMG-CoA, and homocysteine; enzymatic defects that cause diseases like albinism and phenylketonuria; the role of vitamin B1 in carbohydrate metabolism; synthesis of creatine phosphate and the rhodopsin cycle; transamination reactions; comparisons of metabolic pathways and plasma enzymes; steps in phosphatidylcholine synthesis; factors regulating food intake like blood glucose levels and environmental temperature; and factors that increase basal metabolic rate.
Hepatoprotective effect of ginger extract against the toxicity of 7, 12-dimet...Jing Zang
The document summarizes a study that investigated the protective effects of ginger extract against hepatotoxicity induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) in rats. The key findings were:
1) Rats treated with DMBA alone showed significant decreases in body weight and signs of liver damage including cirrhosis and necrosis.
2) Rats treated with both DMBA and ginger extract displayed improved liver histology with less damage compared to the DMBA only group, as well as a significant increase in body weight.
3) Liver tissues from rats treated with DMBA alone showed depletion of polysaccharides and proteins, whereas rats treated with both D
- The document examines the role of membrane potential in the biogenesis of cytochrome c oxidase subunit II, a mitochondrial gene product.
- Using an in vitro mitochondrial translation system, the authors find that accumulation of unprocessed subunit II precursor (pre-II) occurs when mitochondrial gene products are synthesized under conditions that prevent formation of a normal membrane potential.
- The majority of pre-II generated in this way is inserted into the lipid bilayer, as judged by resistance to sodium carbonate extraction, indicating that membrane potential is required for a step in subunit II biogenesis other than precursor insertion into the membrane.
In vitro evaluation techniques are important for screening potential drugs before clinical trials. There are two stages of biological screening - primary and secondary assays - to identify plants with therapeutic activity. Various in vitro assays can evaluate antioxidant and anticancer properties of herbal extracts, including DPPH radical scavenging, MTT, and SRB assays. In vitro methods have advantages over animal models for initial drug screening by reducing animal use and providing reproducible, economical screening of potential drug candidates. While in vitro models cannot fully replace in vivo studies, they provide an important first step in evaluating biological activity of natural products.
As a most notable member in the stilbenoid family, resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) has a wide range of biological activities which may have the impact on human health, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, antiviral, anticancer, and antiaging properties as demonstrated in in vitro and animal studies.
The concentration of this amino acid is higher in tomato compared with many vegetables such as carrots, onions or pepper. In addition, glutamate provides the characteristic ‘‘umami taste’’ to foods with high free glutamate content such as cheese, tomato and mushrooms, which are major ingredients in cooking.
The document discusses a study on the hepatoprotective effects of Rhodiola imbricata rhizome extract against paracetamol-induced liver toxicity in rats. The study aims to evaluate the rhizome extract for its ability to protect the liver against damage caused by paracetamol overdose. Rats are divided into several groups testing various doses of the rhizome extract, a standard drug, and a control. Biochemical markers and histopathological examination are used to analyze the effects on the liver. The results show that the rhizome extract maintained normal liver enzyme and lipid levels compared to the toxicity group, indicating it has a protective effect on the liver similar to the standard drug.
2011_Fucoidan from Sargassum sp. and Fucus vesiculosus reduces cell viability...Marcel Tutor Ale, PhD
This study investigated the effects of crude fucoidan extracted from Sargassum sp. and Fucus vesiculosus on lung and skin cancer cells in vitro and immune cell activity in mice in vivo. The key findings were:
1) Crude fucoidan from both sources significantly decreased the viability of Lewis lung carcinoma and melanoma B16 cells in a dose-dependent manner in vitro, indicating an anti-tumor effect.
2) Histochemical staining of melanoma B16 cells exposed to crude fucoidan showed morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis, suggesting crude fucoidan induces apoptosis in cancer cells.
3) Mice injected with crude fucoidan showed enhanced natural killer
DPPH Scavenging Assay of Eighty Four Bangladeshi Medicinal PlantsIOSR Journals
This study was designed to screen out free radical scavenging potentiality of 84 medicinal plants. Stock solution of different plant extracts and standard were diluted to achieve suitable concentrations. A control was also prepared without plant extract solution. Then 0.004% DPPH solution was added. The mixtures were incubated in the room temperature for 30 minutes. Then the absorbance was measured at 517 nm against solvent in UV-spectrophotometer and then IC50 was calculated. In this experiment two standard were used-ascorbic acid and BHT. Both showed a significant IC50 value of 15.5μg/mL, and 46.54μg/mL respectively. Among 84 medicinal plants Syzygim cumini, Casuarina littorea, Borassus flabellifer, Enhydra fluctuans, and Minusops elengi exhibited highest radical scavenging potential with an IC50 value of 12.816μg/mL, 14.467μg/mL, 15.755μg/mL, 15.653μg/mL, and 20.380μg/mL respectively. All these value are very close to the IC50 value of ascorbic acid and better than IC50 value of BHT (Butylated Hydroxy Toluene). Syzygim cumini is the most powerful scavenger among all tested medicinal plants and also most strong scavenger than ascorbic acid and BHT. Scavenging activity was found to increase in dose dependent manner. Another 30 medicinal plants exhibited good scavenging property and 14 medicinal plants showed moderate scavenging activity. The rest presented lower scavenging activity. This present study indicates that plants having good scavenging property may have various health beneficial effects and these plants can be considered as valuable source of bioactive components with high antioxidant properties.
Bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacities of fresh and canned fruit,of p...GC University Faisalabad
This document summarizes a study on the bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacities of fresh and canned pineapple fruit. The study found that fresh pineapple extracts had higher levels of total phenolics, total flavonoids, and stronger antioxidant activities compared to canned pineapple extracts based on DPPH radical scavenging, inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation, and reducing power assays. Fresh pineapple is a richer source of natural antioxidants than canned pineapple.
1) The study investigated the potential protective effects of honey against paracetamol-induced liver toxicity in rats.
2) Administration of paracetamol caused significant increases in liver enzymes and oxidative stress markers along with liver damage.
3) Pretreatment with honey or the reference drug silymarin prevented the paracetamol-induced increases in liver enzymes and oxidative stress and reduced liver damage based on histological examination.
This presentation discusses liver anatomy, functions, and causes of damage. It outlines in vivo and in vitro studies used to evaluate hepatoprotective plants, including two recent studies on Boerrhavia diffusa and Andrographis peniculata. Experimental models for screening hepatoprotective activity are also presented.
This document describes the development of a high content screening assay to evaluate the effects of degradation products from gelatin-based biomaterials on osteoclast differentiation. The assay uses the murine monocytic cell line RAW 264.7, which can differentiate into osteoclasts. Degradation products from six different gelatin-lysine diisocyanate hydrogel compositions were tested in the assay. The degradation products were found to inhibit the formation of multinucleated osteoclasts, suggesting they may support bone regeneration by suppressing bone resorption. The assay provides a way to quantitatively assess biomaterial effects on osteoclast fusion and differentiation in a high throughput manner.
This document evaluates the antioxidant activity of 15 substances that have been proposed to address problems caused by tooth bleaching procedures. It assesses antioxidant activity using the DPPH free radical assay, which measures the ability of substances to scavenge stable DPPH radicals. The substances tested included ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, catalase, alpha-tocopherol, mouthwashes, sodium fluoride, and natural plant extracts. The results showed that ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid gel, vitamin E, and sodium ascorbate gel exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, while chlorhexidine, commercial products, and sodium fluoride showed the lowest activity. In conclusion, ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid gel,
Bio assay guided isolation identification active constituents of walnut leav...Debanjan Chatterjee
This Presentation revolves round about the isolation and the characterization of the active molecule megastimene which has a power full activity as anti hyperglycemic ..and they have furthur processed it for formulation
This document summarizes an investigation of food additives containing compounds with androgenic activity. It discusses additives containing extracts from Tribulus terrestris, ecdysteroids like 20-hydroxyecdysone, and the alkaloid yohimbine. Specific food supplements containing these compounds are listed along with their typical contents. Methods for analyzing these compounds are also reviewed. The document aims to provide information on compounds in some supplements that could pose health risks or cause positive doping tests if not properly declared.
Hum2220 sp2016 final exam study guide annotatedProfWillAdams
The document summarizes key people and events related to the emergence and spread of Christianity in ancient Rome and the Byzantine Empire. It discusses how Rome destroyed the Temple of Jerusalem and put down a Jewish rebellion, leading early Christians to meet secretly. It then covers Constantine legalizing Christianity, the building of Hagia Sophia, and the eventual conquest of the Byzantine Empire by the Ottoman Turks. The document also summarizes the origins of Kievan Rus among the Slavs and its conquest by the Mongols, the rise of Moscow/Muscovy, and Russia emerging as the "Third Rome."
Zhao Jinbiao is a 24-year-old boy from Songyuan who is studying as an undergraduate at Jilin Normal University to gain more knowledge and change his fate. He believes knowledge can improve a person's life. In his free time, he enjoys playing ball games like football and billiards with friends to relieve stress.
I danni del fumo sono dovuti ai radicali liberi: è possibile contrastarli per...CreAgri Europe
1) Olive mill waste waters (OMWWs) contain the antioxidant phenolic compound hydroxytyrosol.
2) Exposure of rats to passive cigarette smoke increased a biomarker of oxidative stress, 8-iso-PGF2, in their urine.
3) Administration of an OMWW extract containing hydroxytyrosol prevented the rise in 8-iso-PGF2 due to passive smoking, demonstrating that hydroxytyrosol reduces oxidative stress induced by cigarette smoke.
This document discusses resveratrol, a natural compound found in red wine and other foods. It provides background on resveratrol chemistry and properties, including its structure as a stilbenoid with three hydroxyl groups. Synthetic methods for producing resveratrol are summarized, including a new efficient synthesis using a Heck reaction. The health benefits of resveratrol are outlined, such as anti-aging and heart health effects. Spectroscopy data is presented to characterize the structure of resveratrol and intermediates produced during synthesis.
Protective effects of commelina benghalensis linn (root) extract on ethanol i...IJSIT Editor
The present study was undertaken to investigate the protective effect and possible mechanism of
alcoholic (AlE) and aqueous extract (AqE) from Commelina benghalensis root (CB) on EtOH-induced hepatic
injury in Wistar rat. Hepatotoxic parameters studied in vivo include serum transaminases (AST, and ALT),
ALP, bilirubin, protein, lipid profile (Cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL and HDL) and level of antioxidants
together with histopathological examination. Liv 52® was used as a reference hepatoprotective agent
(5ml/kg-1b.w.). AlE and AqE (200 mg/kg-1b.w.) on oral administration decreased the level of AST, ALP, ALT,
bilirubin, cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL, MDA and increased the level of protein, HDL and antioxidants (SOD,
GSH and CAT) in rats being treated with ethanol (EtOH). Pentobarbitone -induced sleeping time study was
carried out to verify the effect on microsomal enzymes Histopathological observations confirmed the
beneficial roles of MF against EtOH-induced liver injury in rats. Possible mechanism may involve their
antioxidant activity
This document contains questions from a previous exam on nutrition and metabolism. It includes questions about biochemical reactions involving UDP-glucose, HMG-CoA, and homocysteine; enzymatic defects that cause diseases like albinism and phenylketonuria; the role of vitamin B1 in carbohydrate metabolism; synthesis of creatine phosphate and the rhodopsin cycle; transamination reactions; comparisons of metabolic pathways and plasma enzymes; steps in phosphatidylcholine synthesis; factors regulating food intake like blood glucose levels and environmental temperature; and factors that increase basal metabolic rate.
Hepatoprotective effect of ginger extract against the toxicity of 7, 12-dimet...Jing Zang
The document summarizes a study that investigated the protective effects of ginger extract against hepatotoxicity induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) in rats. The key findings were:
1) Rats treated with DMBA alone showed significant decreases in body weight and signs of liver damage including cirrhosis and necrosis.
2) Rats treated with both DMBA and ginger extract displayed improved liver histology with less damage compared to the DMBA only group, as well as a significant increase in body weight.
3) Liver tissues from rats treated with DMBA alone showed depletion of polysaccharides and proteins, whereas rats treated with both D
- The document examines the role of membrane potential in the biogenesis of cytochrome c oxidase subunit II, a mitochondrial gene product.
- Using an in vitro mitochondrial translation system, the authors find that accumulation of unprocessed subunit II precursor (pre-II) occurs when mitochondrial gene products are synthesized under conditions that prevent formation of a normal membrane potential.
- The majority of pre-II generated in this way is inserted into the lipid bilayer, as judged by resistance to sodium carbonate extraction, indicating that membrane potential is required for a step in subunit II biogenesis other than precursor insertion into the membrane.
In vitro evaluation techniques are important for screening potential drugs before clinical trials. There are two stages of biological screening - primary and secondary assays - to identify plants with therapeutic activity. Various in vitro assays can evaluate antioxidant and anticancer properties of herbal extracts, including DPPH radical scavenging, MTT, and SRB assays. In vitro methods have advantages over animal models for initial drug screening by reducing animal use and providing reproducible, economical screening of potential drug candidates. While in vitro models cannot fully replace in vivo studies, they provide an important first step in evaluating biological activity of natural products.
As a most notable member in the stilbenoid family, resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) has a wide range of biological activities which may have the impact on human health, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, antiviral, anticancer, and antiaging properties as demonstrated in in vitro and animal studies.
The concentration of this amino acid is higher in tomato compared with many vegetables such as carrots, onions or pepper. In addition, glutamate provides the characteristic ‘‘umami taste’’ to foods with high free glutamate content such as cheese, tomato and mushrooms, which are major ingredients in cooking.
The document discusses a study on the hepatoprotective effects of Rhodiola imbricata rhizome extract against paracetamol-induced liver toxicity in rats. The study aims to evaluate the rhizome extract for its ability to protect the liver against damage caused by paracetamol overdose. Rats are divided into several groups testing various doses of the rhizome extract, a standard drug, and a control. Biochemical markers and histopathological examination are used to analyze the effects on the liver. The results show that the rhizome extract maintained normal liver enzyme and lipid levels compared to the toxicity group, indicating it has a protective effect on the liver similar to the standard drug.
2011_Fucoidan from Sargassum sp. and Fucus vesiculosus reduces cell viability...Marcel Tutor Ale, PhD
This study investigated the effects of crude fucoidan extracted from Sargassum sp. and Fucus vesiculosus on lung and skin cancer cells in vitro and immune cell activity in mice in vivo. The key findings were:
1) Crude fucoidan from both sources significantly decreased the viability of Lewis lung carcinoma and melanoma B16 cells in a dose-dependent manner in vitro, indicating an anti-tumor effect.
2) Histochemical staining of melanoma B16 cells exposed to crude fucoidan showed morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis, suggesting crude fucoidan induces apoptosis in cancer cells.
3) Mice injected with crude fucoidan showed enhanced natural killer
DPPH Scavenging Assay of Eighty Four Bangladeshi Medicinal PlantsIOSR Journals
This study was designed to screen out free radical scavenging potentiality of 84 medicinal plants. Stock solution of different plant extracts and standard were diluted to achieve suitable concentrations. A control was also prepared without plant extract solution. Then 0.004% DPPH solution was added. The mixtures were incubated in the room temperature for 30 minutes. Then the absorbance was measured at 517 nm against solvent in UV-spectrophotometer and then IC50 was calculated. In this experiment two standard were used-ascorbic acid and BHT. Both showed a significant IC50 value of 15.5μg/mL, and 46.54μg/mL respectively. Among 84 medicinal plants Syzygim cumini, Casuarina littorea, Borassus flabellifer, Enhydra fluctuans, and Minusops elengi exhibited highest radical scavenging potential with an IC50 value of 12.816μg/mL, 14.467μg/mL, 15.755μg/mL, 15.653μg/mL, and 20.380μg/mL respectively. All these value are very close to the IC50 value of ascorbic acid and better than IC50 value of BHT (Butylated Hydroxy Toluene). Syzygim cumini is the most powerful scavenger among all tested medicinal plants and also most strong scavenger than ascorbic acid and BHT. Scavenging activity was found to increase in dose dependent manner. Another 30 medicinal plants exhibited good scavenging property and 14 medicinal plants showed moderate scavenging activity. The rest presented lower scavenging activity. This present study indicates that plants having good scavenging property may have various health beneficial effects and these plants can be considered as valuable source of bioactive components with high antioxidant properties.
Bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacities of fresh and canned fruit,of p...GC University Faisalabad
This document summarizes a study on the bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacities of fresh and canned pineapple fruit. The study found that fresh pineapple extracts had higher levels of total phenolics, total flavonoids, and stronger antioxidant activities compared to canned pineapple extracts based on DPPH radical scavenging, inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation, and reducing power assays. Fresh pineapple is a richer source of natural antioxidants than canned pineapple.
1) The study investigated the potential protective effects of honey against paracetamol-induced liver toxicity in rats.
2) Administration of paracetamol caused significant increases in liver enzymes and oxidative stress markers along with liver damage.
3) Pretreatment with honey or the reference drug silymarin prevented the paracetamol-induced increases in liver enzymes and oxidative stress and reduced liver damage based on histological examination.
This presentation discusses liver anatomy, functions, and causes of damage. It outlines in vivo and in vitro studies used to evaluate hepatoprotective plants, including two recent studies on Boerrhavia diffusa and Andrographis peniculata. Experimental models for screening hepatoprotective activity are also presented.
This document describes the development of a high content screening assay to evaluate the effects of degradation products from gelatin-based biomaterials on osteoclast differentiation. The assay uses the murine monocytic cell line RAW 264.7, which can differentiate into osteoclasts. Degradation products from six different gelatin-lysine diisocyanate hydrogel compositions were tested in the assay. The degradation products were found to inhibit the formation of multinucleated osteoclasts, suggesting they may support bone regeneration by suppressing bone resorption. The assay provides a way to quantitatively assess biomaterial effects on osteoclast fusion and differentiation in a high throughput manner.
This document evaluates the antioxidant activity of 15 substances that have been proposed to address problems caused by tooth bleaching procedures. It assesses antioxidant activity using the DPPH free radical assay, which measures the ability of substances to scavenge stable DPPH radicals. The substances tested included ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, catalase, alpha-tocopherol, mouthwashes, sodium fluoride, and natural plant extracts. The results showed that ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid gel, vitamin E, and sodium ascorbate gel exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, while chlorhexidine, commercial products, and sodium fluoride showed the lowest activity. In conclusion, ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid gel,
Bio assay guided isolation identification active constituents of walnut leav...Debanjan Chatterjee
This Presentation revolves round about the isolation and the characterization of the active molecule megastimene which has a power full activity as anti hyperglycemic ..and they have furthur processed it for formulation
This document summarizes an investigation of food additives containing compounds with androgenic activity. It discusses additives containing extracts from Tribulus terrestris, ecdysteroids like 20-hydroxyecdysone, and the alkaloid yohimbine. Specific food supplements containing these compounds are listed along with their typical contents. Methods for analyzing these compounds are also reviewed. The document aims to provide information on compounds in some supplements that could pose health risks or cause positive doping tests if not properly declared.
Hum2220 sp2016 final exam study guide annotatedProfWillAdams
The document summarizes key people and events related to the emergence and spread of Christianity in ancient Rome and the Byzantine Empire. It discusses how Rome destroyed the Temple of Jerusalem and put down a Jewish rebellion, leading early Christians to meet secretly. It then covers Constantine legalizing Christianity, the building of Hagia Sophia, and the eventual conquest of the Byzantine Empire by the Ottoman Turks. The document also summarizes the origins of Kievan Rus among the Slavs and its conquest by the Mongols, the rise of Moscow/Muscovy, and Russia emerging as the "Third Rome."
Zhao Jinbiao is a 24-year-old boy from Songyuan who is studying as an undergraduate at Jilin Normal University to gain more knowledge and change his fate. He believes knowledge can improve a person's life. In his free time, he enjoys playing ball games like football and billiards with friends to relieve stress.
S N H Partners is a company focused on providing partnership services. The document consists of repeating the company name "S N H Partners" multiple times without providing any additional context or information about the company, its services, leadership, or mission. In summary, the document only states the company name but does not elaborate on what the company does or aims to achieve through its work.
Este documento presenta información sobre transistores de potencia. Resume los parámetros clave de los transistores bipolares y MOSFET, incluidas las corrientes y tensiones máximas. Explica los conceptos de primera y segunda ruptura, y cómo estas dependen de la polarización de la base. También describe las curvas de potencia máxima y las áreas de operación segura.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
El documento resume los cálculos estadísticos realizados sobre la glucemia basal de pacientes diabéticos. Calcula la proporción de pacientes con glucemia inferior o igual a 120 mg/100ml (95.99%), entre 106 y 110 mg/100ml (19.15%), y mayor a 120 mg/100ml (4.01%). También determina que el primer cuartil, por debajo del cual se encuentra el 25% de pacientes, está entre 105 y 107 mg/100ml.
Eclipse DemoCamp Toulouse 2017 - Mr. Robot : The modeling Societymelbats
This talk was done at the Toulouse Eclipse DemoCamp. This talk presents the Eclipse modeling components: Xtext, EMF, Sirius, Acceleo. It shows also how to create textual and graphical editors based on those technologies to program a Lego Mindstorm.
Airtouch signs agreement with Burger King Spain to become its Mobile Agency.Airtouch New Media
Airtouch is in charge to maintain and evolve the iOS and Android Mobile Application in addition to the content merchandising that includes: Exclusive offers, Coupons and Home Delivery.
When discussion technology to reach the unreach, the focus shall be supporting the learners. What happens now, happens in the shift to a new paradigm of Lifelong Learning. While India as a young has great opportunities, one have to think on the changes taking place within the perspective of the huge innovations and technological changes that (will) take place.
The discussion on the trends observed, gives input to the message suggested to be:
Learners first. Learners are the future. They are here. Now. For a quality learning experience. Quality as priority 1.
Lead digital transformation. Lead transformation of education for SDG 4: Ensure inclusive and quality education for all and promote lifelong learning.
Go Open, Innovative and Collaborative.
The document discusses the ASERL Collaborative Federal Depository Program (CFDP), which aims to build complete, cataloged federal document collections across the Southeast through regional cooperation. The goals are to develop collections of excellence focused on particular agencies, topics, or formats and to share resources. The program allows members to innovate within legal guidelines by developing shared collections and expertise. Representatives from Auburn University, East Carolina University, and the University of South Carolina discuss the benefits and challenges of participating from the perspectives of a depository library dean, regional library, and selective depository.
Art1204 we don't need another hero the art of feminismProfWillAdams
Feminism seeks equality of opportunities and rights for women through challenging power structures that subordinate women. It has occurred in three waves focused on legal rights, social equality, and critiquing Western feminism. Feminist art challenges the patriarchy through raising women's issues, exploring female heritage, challenging divisions between art forms, using feminist imagery, and challenging gender stereotypes. It aims to empower women rather than define a style.
1) Project-based carbon emission reduction mechanisms have successfully attracted investment but have mostly benefited large standalone projects in advanced developing countries. Small-scale and dispersed emissions face high transaction costs.
2) There is uncertainty around the future of Kyoto-based project mechanisms in a post-Kyoto era, with potential scaling up or disappearance.
3) Looking ahead, there will be increased focus on sustainability, geographical distribution, and voluntary markets driven by consumer and CSR trends rather than policy.
Direct Relief was founded in 1950 to provide humanitarian aid to people in postwar Europe who were living in hardship. Over the past 60 years, Direct Relief has remained focused on helping people caught in difficult circumstances, bringing medical resources and financial assistance to health professionals serving impoverished communities around the world. Despite many changes over six decades, Direct Relief's humanitarian mission and efficient use of resources to help those in need regardless of attributes has remained constant.
This document contains information about an art history course including the course title, professor details, meeting time and location, and course blog. It also includes a Proust Questionnaire assignment where students are asked to answer 27 questions in complete sentences about their personal preferences, experiences, and views on different topics.
This document summarizes Direct Relief's emergency response efforts in Haiti following the 2010 earthquake. It provided over $38.5 million in emergency medical assistance to 40 healthcare providers in Haiti. Direct Relief established an in-country warehouse to help manage supplies and support healthcare facilities. It is also committing $2 million to strengthen Haiti's rehabilitation capacity by helping establish prosthetics and orthotics centers. Direct Relief is working with local groups and using mapping to enhance its response efforts.
Proposal for creation of mhadei tiger reserve by rajendra kerkartallulahdsilva
The document proposes the creation of the Mhadei Tiger Reserve in Goa, India. It notes that tiger sightings have been reported in Goa as recently as 2009 and past wildlife censuses have reported 3-5 tigers present. It also discusses how the Western Ghats region of Goa is considered a priority tiger conservation area globally, based on having suitable tiger habitat. Place names in Goa that reference tigers provide further evidence of their historic presence in the area.
The document summarizes four presentations given on the legend of Robin Hood. Professor Montes discussed Robin Hood's origins in Nottinghamshire and how he became an outlaw for killing the king's deer. He also mentioned Robin Hood falling in love with Maid Marian and despising the Sheriff of Nottingham. Professor Kennemer discussed Little John, who originally worked for King John before being taken captive and joining Robin Hood's Merry Men. Professor Jackson talked about Robin Hood's skills with a bow and sword and how he once wounded King John in a duel after the king kidnapped Maid Marian. Professor Volden provided a timeline of important events in Robin Hood's life from his birth in 1160 to meeting King Richard the Lion
Ameliorating Effect of Frankincense on Red Blood Cells of Alloxan Induced-Dia...inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Whey protein products and their combination with L-methionine prevent liver f...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Antioxidant and-anticancer-activities-of-moringa-leavesSilentdisco Berlin
Moringa is a plantfood of high nutritional value, ecologically and economically beneficial and readily available in the countries hardest hit by the food crisis. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
Changes in Antioxidant Enzymes in Metabolic Syndrome Patients after Consumpti...science journals
Increased oxidative stress has been suggested as an early event in the development of the metabolic syndrome and, as such, might contribute to disease progression.
The study investigated the effects of propolis on oxidative stress markers in the liver tissue of rats whose nitric oxide synthase was inhibited. Rats were given L-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, for 15 days to induce hypertension and oxidative stress. Some rats were also given an ethanol extract of propolis for the last 5 days. Results showed that L-NAME increased lipid peroxidation and decreased catalase activity and nitric oxide levels in the liver, indicating increased oxidative stress. However, administration of propolis suppressed these effects of L-NAME by reducing lipid peroxidation and increasing catalase activity and nitric oxide levels in the liver tissue. Thus, propolis has antioxidant properties that can protect against oxidative
1) A study investigated the vasodilatory and toxic effects of a crude extract of Ruta graveolens (Ruta) on rat aortas and CRL1730 endothelial cells.
2) The Ruta extract generated vasodilation in rat aortas at subtoxic concentrations, partially dependent on the endothelium. It caused a loss of cell viability in CRL1730 cells at high concentrations but did not induce oxidative stress or DNA fragmentation.
3) The results suggest Ruta extract regulates vascular tone through a complex, partially endothelium-dependent mechanism and has vasodilatory activity at subtoxic levels without damaging cell membranes or viability.
buchanania lanzan hepatocarcinoma presentationSrota Dawn
1) The study evaluated the anticancer potential of the ethanolic extract of Buchanania lanzan leaves against diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats.
2) Administration of the extract at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg reduced serum markers of liver damage and oxidative stress in DEN-treated rats compared to the DEN alone group.
3) Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, gallic acid and glycosides in the extract, which may contribute to its chemo preventive effects against liver cancer.
Hepatoprotective Effect of Cestrum parqui L. aerial parts and Phytochemical ...Jing Zang
This study deals with the investigation of hepatoprotective effect of 70% methanolic extract from Cestrum parqui aerial parts and determination of the bioactive components of the plant. The hepatoprotective effect of Cestrum parqui methanol extract (100, 500, 1000 mg/kg) was analysed on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury. The administration of a single dose of 40% CCl4 (1ml/kg b.w.) causes an increase in the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspirate aminotransferase (AST) enzymes and so pretreated orally of a dose from Cestrum parqui methanol extract (100, 500, 1000 mg/kg) and silymarin (200 mg/kg) for three consecutive days prior to The administration of a single dose of CCl4 significantly prevented the increase in the activities of these enzymes. Histological analysis showed that Cestrum parqui methanol extract at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg and silymarin reduced the incidence of liver lesions including vacuole formation, neutrophil infiltration and necrosis of hepatocytes induced by CCl4. The extract cause a negative result on the antioxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRd) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level in liver, as compared to those in the CCl4-treated group and this suggests that the hepatoprotective activity of the extract is due to the antioxidant effect of the extract. Phytochemical analysis of the methanol extract from Cestrum parqui aerial parts showed that it contained different phytoconstituents, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, terpenes and carbohydrates.
Comparative Cytotoxic Activities of the Flavonoid-Rich Ethyl Acetate Fruit Ex...inventionjournals
The fruit of Pouteriacampechianahas been previously reported to contain flavonoids and polyphenolic substances with high in vitro anti-oxidative effects. Its anti-tumorigenic activities have not been previously demonstrated. This study seeks to demonstrate the cytotoxic effects of the flavonoid-rich ethyl acetate fraction of the fruit extract of P. campechiana(EAFFPC) against K562 leukemic cell lines and healthy human whole blood cells. The standardized MTT-dye cell viability assay was carried out to measure the cytotoxicity of EAFFPC against the aforementioned cell lines cultured in RPMI. The assay showed that at a 60 µg well concentration, EAFFPC exhibited a 55.4% cell viability which is significantly lower than the cell viability obtained with 10 µg of vincristine. In contrast, EAFFPC demonstrated concentration-dependent cytoprotective properties in healthy human whole blood cells (HHWBC). This study confirms specific nonconcentration-dependent cytotoxic effects on K562 leukemic cell lines while exhibiting a concentrationdependent cytoprotective effects in HHWBC
Total phenolics and total flavonoids of extracts from freshwater Clam (Corbic...Innspub Net
The ethanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane extracts of the freshwater clam (Corbicula fluminea) were studied for the total phenolics and total flavonoids. Total phenolics and total flavonoids of the extracts were evaluated using Folin-Ciocalteau and Aluminum chloride colorimetric methods respectively. The findings showed that the total phenolics of the ethanol extract (1.67±0.28mg GAE/g of dried sample) were substantially higher than the total phenolics obtained from the ethyl acetate (0.70±0.00mg GAE/g) and hexane extracts (0.56±0.23mg GAE/g). While the total flavonoids in the ethyl acetate extract displayed a slightly higher total flavonoid (43.84±0.92mg QE/g of dried sample) relative to ethanol (30.41±1.34mg QE/g of dried sample) and hexane extracts (20.28±0.00mg QE/g of dried sample). Using ethanol, the highest yield for extraction was obtained. Ethanol is the best solvent among the three – ethanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane in terms of extraction yield and total phenolics. In addition, it can be inferred that the presence of significant amounts of phenolics and flavonoids suggests that freshwater clam is a promising source of antioxidants that provides nourishing proteins and oxidative stress remedies
Hepatoprotective activity of extract of Homalium Letestui stem against carbon...oyepata
Hepatoprotective activity of extract of Homalium Letestui stem against
carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury
Oyepata Simeon Joseph1*, Jude e Okokon2, Opeyemi tosin Joseph3
This study evaluated the immunostimulatory and antioxidant properties of Phoenix dactylifera, commonly known as dates. Mice were injected with various concentrations of a Phoenix dactylifera extract. Results showed that the extract significantly increased phagocytic activity and reduced the half-life of carbon in the blood, indicating enhanced function of the reticuloendothelial system. The extract also significantly increased levels of the antioxidant glutathione in the liver. The concentration of 50 mg/kg produced the highest effects on phagocytosis and glutathione. Therefore, the study suggests that Phoenix dactylifera has immune-stimulating and antioxidant activities, with 50 mg/kg having the strongest impact.
This research article investigates the effects of the natural flavonoid luteolin on colon cancer cells. The researchers found that physiological concentrations of luteolin induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells by increasing levels of the sphingolipid ceramide. Luteolin inhibits the conversion of ceramide to more complex sphingolipids and disrupts the transport of ceramide between organelles. These effects are mediated by luteolin's ability to inhibit the enzymes sphingosine kinase 2 and Akt, thereby reducing levels of the molecule sphingosine-1-phosphate which normally promotes cell survival. Overall, the study reveals that luteolin exerts anticancer effects by targeting the balance between ceramide and sphingosine-1-
1) Phenolic disinfectants like phenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, and p-tert-amylphenol bound to Micrococcus lysodeikticus cells, with higher percentages binding to cells for more potent disinfectants.
2) Protoplasts bound slightly less (around 20%) of the phenolic disinfectants compared to whole cells, suggesting cell walls contribute to binding.
3) Binding of 2,4-dichlorophenol decreased with increasing pH, while binding of phenol and p-tert-amylphenol was constant over the pH range tested, relating to differences in ionization properties.
This study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of the marine microalga Dunaliella salina against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver toxicity in rats. Rats were fed D. salina at doses of 2.5 g/kg and 5 g/kg body weight for 2 weeks. Their liver enzymes and total protein were measured after being given carbon tetrachloride and compared to controls. Rats fed 5 g/kg D. salina showed the highest levels of protection, with serum AST and ALT levels 61.3% and 80.7% of the controls respectively, compared to 90.8% and 144.7% for rats fed synthetic beta-carotene. Total protein levels were also better
Phytochemical Profile and in vitro and in vivo Anticonvulsant and Antioxidant...Self-employed researcher
This study presents the phytochemical profile and in vitro and in
vivo anticonvulsant and antioxidant activities of Epilobium hirsutum, which
has been traditionally used in the treatment of epilepsy by local people of
Turkey. In vitro studies revealed that the extract contained a pronounced
amount of phenolics (206.3±0.9 mg Gallic acid Eq/g extract) and exhibited
significant levels of antioxidant (FRAP; 6226 µmol Fe2+/g extract, ORAC;
6593 µmol Trolox Eq/g extract, DPPH; IC50:33.8 ug/mL and metal chelation;
IC50:114 ug/mL) and anticonvulsant (AChE; IC50:71.2 ug/mL, BChE; IC50:92.5
ug/mL, GABA-T; IC50:94.7 ug/mL) activities. In vivo studies shown that the
the extract exhibited high anticonvulsant activities. In addition, the extracts
regulated the behavior, locomotion, and mental activities of the mice tested.
Biochemical evaluation of the brain tissue revealed that the extract inhibited
the production of MDA and stimulated the increase of antioxidant enzyme
levels, which suggest the possible antioxidative role of the extract that worked
as neuroprotective agents by scarfing the free radicals produced through PTZ
seizure inducer and attenuate convulsions. Moreover the extract regulated
serum biochemical parameters, total antioxidants, total oxidant, and ischemia modified albumin levels. Chromatographic studies were revealed that gallic
acid principally might be the major contributor of anticonvulsant and
antioxidant activities with the additive contributions of fatty acids and mineral
compounds. Findings obtained from this study partially justified the traditional
use of Epilobium hirsutum in the treatment of epilepsy and suggest potential
use of the extract as an industrial or pharmaceutical agent.
1. The study characterized an apple polyphenol extract standardized to 5% phloridzin and evaluated its effects on glucose transport.
2. In vitro, the extract showed a dose-dependent inhibition of up to 60% on glucose uptake by cells, comparable to known inhibitors.
3. In mice, the extract had a lower acute toxicity than green tea extract when administered orally or intraperitoneally.
4. The results suggest the extract may help regulate blood glucose levels and have potential benefits for managing diabetes and body weight control through inhibition of intestinal glucose transport. Further human studies are needed to confirm these effects.
This document summarizes a study investigating the effects of kinsenoside, a constituent of Anoectochilus formosanus, on liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in mice. The study found that kinsenoside inhibited the activation of Kupffer cells (liver macrophages) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide in vitro. It also protected the liver from CCl4-induced injury in mice by reducing liver enzyme levels and improving liver histology. This protection is likely due to kinsenoside's ability to suppress Kupffer cell activation, as evidenced by reduced markers of Kupffer cell activation.
Similar to Strategie nutraceutiche per ridurre l'infiammazione. (20)
Ruolo dello stress ossidativo nei vari stadi della psoriasiCreAgri Europe
1) The study examined oxidative stress in patients with mild, moderate, and severe psoriasis by measuring markers of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity.
2) It found that levels of malondialdehyde, a marker of lipid peroxidation, were significantly higher in psoriasis patients and increased with disease severity. Antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly lower in patients.
3) The results suggest that increased reactive oxygen species production and decreased antioxidant defenses may be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of psoriasis. Managing oxidative stress could be a potential strategy for treating psoriasis.
Obesità e stress ossidativo: una relazione pericolosa. CreAgri Europe
The document discusses how obesity leads to increased production of reactive oxygen species through the secretion of adipokines like leptin, TNF-α, and IL-6 from adipose tissue, which induce oxidative stress. Adipokines are bioactive substances produced by adipose tissue that regulate processes like food intake, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation. Chronic oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant defenses that result from obesity lead to endothelial dysfunction and increased risk of diseases like atherosclerosis.
Roberto Crea presenta i polifenoli delle olive. Benefici per l'uomo CreAgri Europe
Un dialogo di Roberto Crea, scienziato italiano padre di CreAgri e tra i primi scopritori delle interessantissime proprietà antiossidanti ed antinfiammatorie dei polifenoli delle olive. Considerazioni a partire dalla dieta mediterranea fino ad arrivare alla protezione dai fenomeni infiammatori attraverso una riduzione dello stress ossidativo.
L'idrossitirosolo è in grado di proteggere e aumentare l'attività dei mitocon...CreAgri Europe
L'idrossitirosolo, un polifenolo estratto dalle olive, attraverso una protezione dei mitocondri, le centrali energetiche della cellula, è in grado di aumentare la resistenza muscolare negli animali da esperimento
Il modello nutrizionale mediterraneo nelle malattie reumatiche infiammatorieCreAgri Europe
Recenti studi scientifici hanno dimostrato che la dieta mediterranea può apportare molteplici benefici ad individui affetti da malattie reumatiche infiammatorie croniche.
Hidrox e Olivenol Plus senza segreti!
Una spiegazione scientifica delle attività farmacologiche dell'idrossitirolo, del nostro prodotto Hidrox®, le possibilità di utilizzo e il processo Integrale®.
Roberto Crea presenta CreAgri Europe al Circolo Canottieri Aniene di Roma.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
2. 1476 BITLER ET AL.
were purchased from Sigma. Standards including caffeic acid, gallic accordance with the recommendations of the Panel on Euthanasia of
acid, tyrosol, catechol, and protocatechuic acid, as well as all other the American Veterinary Medical Association; blood was collected
reagents, were purchased from Sigma. by retro-orbital bleeding. Blood was allowed to clot at 4°C for 12 h.
Sample preparation. Manzanilla olive fruit, collected in the After clotting, the blood was centrifuged at 1000 g for 10 min, and
2000 –2001 crop year, was first depitted, and then the pitless pulp was serum was collected for measurement of TNF- levels by ELISA.
mechanically pressed to yield a liquid phase mixture including olive Determination of synergy. To determine whether OVW and
oil, vegetation water, and solids. Solids were removed from the liquid glucosamine have a synergistic effect on LPS-induced inflammation
phase mixture by filtration and centrifugation at 8000 g for 40 min. in vivo, we performed an isobolographic analysis as described previ-
The oil and aqueous fractions were gravity-separated, and the aqueous ously (15). For this analysis, 2 series of dosage curves were obtained.
phase was decanted. The OVW was treated with citric acid (1%) for First, using a fixed concentration of OVW, inhibition curves were
6 mo before analytical HPLC. For in vitro and in vivo studies, the generated; then, using a fixed concentration of glucosamine, another
OVW was freeze-dried, yielding a light brown crystalline product set of inhibition curves was generated. The 85% effective dose (ED85)
containing at least 6% polyphenol (OVW refers to the freeze-dried values of each of the compounds was determined and used to plot the
form of the OVW). isobologram. The combination of OVW and glucosamine yielded an
Analysis of phenolic composition. The freeze-dried olive extract effect that fell below the line of additivity, suggesting a synergistic
was resuspended in water at a concentration of 100 g/L, and a sample effect.
was evaluated by HPLC on a Beckman-Coulter 125 NM series system Statistical analysis. The results are expressed as means SEM
consisting of a 125 NM series pump, a 166 NMP series detector, and of at least 10 independent measures. Data were analyzed by 1-way
an analytical Ultrasphere reverse-phase column (C-18; 150 4.6 ANOVA to determine significant differences among the groups,
mm i.d.). Separation was achieved by elution gradient essentially as followed by Dunnett’s post test to compare each of the test conditions
described by Romani et al. (13). Data were collected and analyzed with LPS-treated cells. Differences were considered significant when
using Beckman 32 Karat Software. Compound identification was P 0.05.
confirmed by analyzing retention times and absorption of standards at
Downloaded from jn.nutrition.org by guest on December 29, 2011
5 different wavelengths (220, 240, 280, 320, and 340 nm). The RESULTS
concentration of HT in this OVW was determined to be 17 mg/g by
comparison of HT in OVW with HPLC analysis of various concen- Composition of vegetative water from depitted organic ol-
trations of pure HT. ives. HPLC of hydrolyzed OVW showed that the major
Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). ORAC was em- retention peaks at 4.7, 9, 12, and 29 min corresponded to HT,
ployed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of OVW, freeze-dried tyrosol, caffeic acid, and oleuropein, respectively (Fig. 1), with
OVW, olive oil, olive leaf, and pure HT. ORAC was performed
no detectable levels of catechol, protocatechuic acid, or ho-
essentially as described by Cao et al. (14) by Brunswick Laboratories.
Final ORAC values were calculated using the regression equation movanillic acid, sometimes seen in “waste water,” or the water
between Trolox concentration and area under the curve (AUC), and obtained from the crushing of olives containing pits (16,17).
expressed as mol Trolox equivalence/L for liquid samples or equiv- At the higher wavelengths, complex molecules such as oleu-
alence/g for solid samples. ropein, verbascoside, and cinnamic acid derivatives were evi-
TNF- measurement in THP cells. The human monocytic cell dent (data not shown); however, the concentration of these
line, THP-1, was obtained from ATCC. OVW or HT was added to molecules in the OVW was 10% of HT levels; thus, the most
THP-1 cells in 96-well microtiter plates for 1 h before stimulation abundant detected phenol was HT.
with LPS (10 g/L) for 3 h at 37°C. After LPS stimulation, super- Comparison of antioxidant activities and phenolic content.
natants were collected by centrifugation at 200 g for 20 min and Aqueous and freeze-dried OVW possess far more total pheno-
were evaluated for levels of TNF- by ELISA. DEX (100 nmol/L), an lics and a concomitantly better oxygen radical absorbance
inhibitor of TNF- release, was used as a positive control.
capacity than olive oil (Table 1). Freeze-drying the aqueous
TNF- level in vivo. Treatment of the mice (Charles River
Laboratories) adhered to regulations outlined in the USDA Animal olive fraction (comprised of 11% solids) resulted in a 10-
Welfare Act and the conditions specified in the NRC guidelines. All fold increase in the percentage of total phenolics and a con-
protocols were approved by IACUC. The mice were observed at least comitant increase in ORAC, which suggested that freeze-
daily for signs of illness or distress. The mice used in this study were drying does not compromise the activity of the fraction.
nulliparous nonpregnant BALB/c mice weighing 20 –25 g. The mice Moreover, it was shown recently that freeze-drying is the
were housed in a dedicated room in a stand-alone facility after receipt method of choice for retaining the phenolic integrity of foods
and 3 d of quarantine. Primary enclosures were as specified in the (18). Olive oil had undetectable levels of HT and oleuropein,
USDA Animal Welfare Act (9 CFR, Parts 1, 2 and 3) and as whereas aqueous and freeze-dried OVW had relative concen-
described in the NRC guidelines. Mice were housed 4/cage. The
rooms were ventilated ( 12 air changes/h) with 100% fresh air (no
air recirculation). A 12-h light:dark photoperiod was maintained,
except when room lights were turned on during the dark cycle to
accommodate blood sampling or other study procedures. Room tem-
perature was maintained between 18 and 26°C. The mice were
allowed free access to food and water before testing. Standard rodent
diet (Prolab® RMH 2500; PMI Nutritional International) consisted
of 24% protein, 10.5% fat, 49% carbohydrates, minerals, and vita-
mins. The day before the experiment, the mice were food deprived for
24 h. At the end of the food-deprivation period, OVW or glu-
cosamine or OVW glucosamine at different doses (“test article”)
was administered to the mice by oral gavage, and the mice were
allowed to rest for 12 h. Control mice were administered water by oral
gavage. During the food-deprivation and post-treatment periods, wa-
ter was consumed ad libitum. OVW was comprised of 6 –10%
polyphenols ( 3% HT), 65% carbohydrates, 20% fat, and 6% pro- FIGURE 1 Analytical HPLC chromatogram of phenolics from
tein. After 12 h, a second dose of test article was given to the mice hydrolyzed OVW identified by comparison with commercial standards.
by oral gavage. At 1 h later, they were administered LPS (50 g in Signal was recorded at 240, 280, 320, and 340 nm. Shown below is the
water) by i.p. injection. At 2 h after LPS treatment, the mice were recording at OD280. Peak assignments are: 1, HT; 2, tyrosol; 3, caffeic
killed by cervical dislocation while anesthetized with isoflurane in acid; and 4, oleuropein.
3. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY OLIVE VEGETATION WATER 1477
TABLE 1
ORAC and total phenolic concentrations for olive oil, OVW, and freeze-dried OVW1,2
Compound name ORAC Phenolics HT ORAC ORAC
mol TE/g mg/g mol TE/g phenolics mol TE/g HT
OVW 140 5.0 2.5 28,000 56,000
Freeze-dried OVW 2011 69 35 29,145 57,460
Olive oil 0 1 0.2 0 0
Olive leaf 1079 51 0 21,157 n/a
HT (pure) 42,560 1000 1000 42,560 42,560
1 For OVW and freeze-dried OVW, the values are those recorded for the samples used in this study and are representative of the mean for ORAC,
total phenolics, and HT.
2 TE, Trolox equivalence; n/a, not applicable.
trations of HT and oleuropein of 50 and 11%, respectively cosamine were either given alone or in combination at con-
(Table 1). It was of interest whether OVW, highly enriched in centrations predicted to give a positive response. All combi-
HT, possessed other activities in addition to its antioxidant nations of OVW and glucosamine suppressed LPS-induced
activity, and whether HT specifically contributed. TNF- production in vivo (Fig. 5). The effect of combining
OVW decreases TNF- in THP-1 cells. To examine the OVW with glucosamine was additive, as seen when we com-
Downloaded from jn.nutrition.org by guest on December 29, 2011
effects of OVW on cytokine expression associated with in- pared 35 mg OVW alone and 12.5 mg glucosamine alone with
flammation, we first evaluated the effects on TNF- produc- a 35-mg OVW 12.5-mg glucosamine combination. When
tion in the human monocyte cell line, THP-1. OVW signifi- OVW was combined with glucosamine, the percentage of
cantly reduced expression of TNF- relative to the control TNF inhibition was much greater than that predicted by
(only LPS-treated; Fig. 2). HT did not affect expression. doubling the concentration of one of the components; thus,
OVW decreases TNF- production in mice. To deter- the combination of olive extract and glucosamine was more
mine whether the above findings were applicable to an in vivo synergistic than additive (Fig. 6). Moreover, an isobolographic
model, we evaluated the effect of OVW in a murine model of analysis was performed to evaluate synergy (Fig. 7). Possible
inflammation. OVW significantly decreased LPS-induced synergistic action of OVW and glucosamine was examined at
TNF- production at a dose of 35 mg OVW/mouse (1.4 g/kg; the ED85 of each of the 2 compounds. The straight line drawn
Fig. 3). At 125 mg OVW/mouse (5 g/kg), TNF- production between the points of data acquired for the ED85 of OVW and
was decreased 90% with no overt toxicity observed. The the ED85 of glucosamine alone predicted the inhibition of
potent inhibitory effect of OVW on TNF- production in vivo TNF- if the combination of the 2 compounds resulted in an
suggests that OVW may be effective in inflammatory disorders. additive effect. The combination of OVW and glucosamine
Glucosamine decreases TNF- production in mice. Fe- fell below the line, suggesting a synergistic interaction be-
male BALB/c mice were dosed by oral gavage with various tween the compounds.
concentrations of glucosamine at 12 h and then again at 1 h
before treatment with LPS. Glucosamine significantly inhib- DISCUSSION
ited LPS-induced TNF- production at 6.2 mg/mouse (248
mg/kg) with complete inhibition at 50 mg glucosamine/mouse In the present work, we described the composition and
(Fig. 4). activity of hydrolyzed OVW from depitted olives. OVW was
OVW and glucosamine show synergy in protecting mice evaluated for its ability to inhibit LPS-induced TNF- pro-
from LPS-induced TNF- production. OVW and glu-
FIGURE 3 Effects of OVW on LPS-induced TNF- production in
FIGURE 2 Effects of OVW on LPS-induced TNF- production in BALB/c mice. Female BALB/c mice were treated with the indicated
human THP-1 cells. THP-1 cells were cultured in the absence of LPS doses of OVW for 12 h followed by LPS treatment for 90 min. Control
with 5% FBS or with serum (“Control”), in the presence of LPS alone, mice were treated with vehicle only, LPS only, or LPS anti-TNF-
or with DEX (positive control), OVW, or HT. Values are means SEM, antibodies (positive control). Values are means SEM, n 10 inde-
n 10 independent experiments. Asterisks indicate different from pendent experiments. Asterisks indicate different from LPS-treated
LPS-treated cells: **P 0.01. cells: ***P 0.001, **P 0.01, *P 0.05.
4. 1478 BITLER ET AL.
FIGURE 4 Effects of glucosamine on LPS-induced TNF- pro- FIGURE 6 Synergistic effects of OVW and glucosamine on the
duction in BALB/c mice. Female BALB/c mice were treated with the inhibition of TNF- production following LPS-treatment in BALB/c
indicated doses of glucosamine by oral gavage for 12 h followed by mice. Female BALB/c mice were treated with the indicated doses of
LPS treatment for 90 min. Control mice were treated with vehicle only, OVW glucosamine by oral gavage for 12 h followed by 90 min of LPS
LPS only, or LPS anti-TNF- antibodies (positive control). Values are treatment. Control mice were treated with vehicle only, LPS only, or
means SEM, n 10 independent experiments. Asterisks indicate LPS anti-TNF- antibodies (positive control). Values are means
different from LPS-treated cells: ***P 0.001, *P 0.05. SEM, n 10 independent experiments. Asterisks indicate different
from LPS-treated cells: **P 0.01.
Downloaded from jn.nutrition.org by guest on December 29, 2011
duction in a mouse model of inflammation. We found that the
resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in oxidized LDL, a
aqueous olive fraction, produced in this way, has a unique
decrease in 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2 -deoxyguanosine in mito-
profile of simple and polyphenolics distinct from olive oil and
chondrial DNA, and a decrease in urine malondialdehyde
olive mill waste water, with HT as the principal phenolic
levels (24,25).
moiety.
In this study, we showed that OVW significantly decreased
Hydroxytyrosol was shown to be effective in vitro and in
production of TNF- after LPS treatment in THP-1 cells, a
vivo as an antioxidant, antithrombotic, and antimicrobial
model of joint inflammation. TNF- is the primary cytokine
agent. For example, HT was shown to inhibit free radical
induced in this system and the cytokine responsible for the
generation, scavenge reactive oxygen and nitrogen, inhibit
perpetuation of the inflammatory response in monocytes. In-
smoking-induced oxidative stress in rats, and increase plasma
terestingly, HT, the major phenol present in OVW, was inef-
antioxidant capacity (5–10). HT also possesses cardioprotec-
fective at attenuating TNF- production in this cell system.
tive activities because it was shown to inhibit LDL oxidation,
We evaluated the effectiveness of pure HT in other anti-
a prerequisite for atherosclerosis (19,20); inhibit the platelet
inflammatory cell models and found that it was also ineffective
aggregation that occurs in thrombosis (21); protect cells from
in those models (unpublished results). Thus, although the
cell death induced by reactive oxygen intermediates, as occurs
major phenolic component of hydrolyzed olive water is HT,
during ischemia and reperfusion injury (22); and inhibit a
the anti-inflammatory activity may be attributable to another
variety of pathogenic gram-negative and gram-positive bacte-
component of the water that is as yet unidentified.
ria (23). Finally, in human trials, consumption of olive oil with
increasing polyphenol content (specifically, HT and tyrosol)
FIGURE 7 Isobolographic analysis of OVW and glucosamine on
the inhibition of TNF- production after LPS-treatment in BALB/c mice.
An isobologram was constructed to determine the synergistic inhibition
FIGURE 5 Effects of OVW with glucosamine on LPS-induced of TNF- production between OVW and glucosamine. Plotted are the
TNF- production in BALB/c mice. Female BALB/c mice were treated actual doses of glucosamine or OVW that resulted in an 85% inhibition
with the indicated doses of OVW glucosamine for 12 h followed by of TNF- production. A straight line was drawn between the ED85 of
LPS treatment for 90 min. Control mice were treated with vehicle only, glucosamine in the absence of OVW and the ED85 of OVW in the
LPS only, or LPS anti-TNF- antibodies (positive control). Values are absence of glucosamine. The combined compounds (*) resulted in an
means SEM, n 10 independent experiments. Asterisks indicate inhibition of TNF- that fell below the line, suggesting a synergistic
different from LPS-treated cells: ***P 0.001, **P 0.01, *P 0.05. effect.
5. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY OLIVE VEGETATION WATER 1479
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