1) A study investigated the vasodilatory and toxic effects of a crude extract of Ruta graveolens (Ruta) on rat aortas and CRL1730 endothelial cells.
2) The Ruta extract generated vasodilation in rat aortas at subtoxic concentrations, partially dependent on the endothelium. It caused a loss of cell viability in CRL1730 cells at high concentrations but did not induce oxidative stress or DNA fragmentation.
3) The results suggest Ruta extract regulates vascular tone through a complex, partially endothelium-dependent mechanism and has vasodilatory activity at subtoxic levels without damaging cell membranes or viability.
Objective: To identify interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the common bile duct of Kunming mice.
Study Design: Common bile ducts obtained from the Kunming mice were prepared for immunohistochemical investigations using the c-kit antibody. Immunoelectron microscopy was used to detect the expression of c-kit in the ICC of the common bile duct. Transmission electron microscopy showed ultrastructure of ICC in the murine bile duct. Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot were used to confirm the expression of mRNA specific for the c-kit gene and production of c-kit protein in the Kunming mice common bile duct.
Results: Immunohistochemistry revealed that ICC in the murine common bile duct are c-kit positive and the ICC are located in the tela submucosa and the tunica muscularis of the murine common bile duct and do not connect with each other. Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed the expression of Kit by ICC in the murine common bile duct. Transmission electron microscopy showed that ICC in the murine common bile duct have long processes, abundant mitochondria, plenty of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER), a lot of lysosomes, and dense bodies. The caveolae of ICC are distinctive. At the same time, RT-PCR indicated that the Kunming mice common bile duct expressed mRNA specific for the c-kit gene, and western blot analysis showed the evidence of production of c-kit protein in the Kunming mice common bile duct.
Conclusion: ICC are found in the Kunming mice common bile duct, which is likely to lead to the development of motility study of the common bile duct.
Keywords: common bile duct; electron microscopy; immuno-electron microscopy; interstitial cells of Cajal; intestines; smooth muscle; tyrosine kinase receptor (c-kit)
Bio assay guided isolation identification active constituents of walnut leav...Debanjan Chatterjee
This Presentation revolves round about the isolation and the characterization of the active molecule megastimene which has a power full activity as anti hyperglycemic ..and they have furthur processed it for formulation
The efficacy of Lemon (Citrus lemonirisso) juice on wound healing of albino wistar rat was investigated; also the potential haemostatic mechanism associated with administration of the extract was investigated. Results showed that lemon juice extract decreased haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume while it has no significant effect on platelet count, white blood cell count and white cell differential counts in albino rats. Furthermore, the bleeding and clotting times were shortened and the period of healing of wound using lemon juice could possess some elements that is affecting the haemostatic mechanism.
Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Effects of the Flavonoid-rich Fraction of th...IOSRJPBS
The leaves of Jatropha tanjorensis are edible and used in herbal medicine in the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress. The present study demonstrates the antioxidative effect of the flavonoid-rich fraction of the methanol extract of Jatropha tanjorensis leaves (FRJT) against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of FRJT were determined by serum biochemical enzymes; alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GPx), heamatological pararmeters (PCV, Hb and WBC) and histology study. The results obtained showed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the activities of liver marker enzymes across the pre-treated groups compared with the untreated rats. Assay of antioxidant enzymes showed that the extract significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced SOD and GPx activities whereas CAT activity was non-significantly (p ˃ 0.05) increased when compared with the untreated animals. PCV, Hb and WBC levels were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the untreated group. However, supplementation with FRJT and Silymarin ameliorated the induced depletion of blood in the pre-treated animals. Histological examination of the liver tissue showed marked reduction in fatty degeneration across the pre-treated groups when compared with the untreated group. The results in this study indicate that FRJT exhibited varying levels of protection against CCl4-induced oxidative stress in rat models. These results also indicate that the flavonoid-rich fraction contains antioxidants, which mop up free radicals in the system and support its use in the treatment of diseases resulting from oxidative damage.
Objective: To identify interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the common bile duct of Kunming mice.
Study Design: Common bile ducts obtained from the Kunming mice were prepared for immunohistochemical investigations using the c-kit antibody. Immunoelectron microscopy was used to detect the expression of c-kit in the ICC of the common bile duct. Transmission electron microscopy showed ultrastructure of ICC in the murine bile duct. Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot were used to confirm the expression of mRNA specific for the c-kit gene and production of c-kit protein in the Kunming mice common bile duct.
Results: Immunohistochemistry revealed that ICC in the murine common bile duct are c-kit positive and the ICC are located in the tela submucosa and the tunica muscularis of the murine common bile duct and do not connect with each other. Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed the expression of Kit by ICC in the murine common bile duct. Transmission electron microscopy showed that ICC in the murine common bile duct have long processes, abundant mitochondria, plenty of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER), a lot of lysosomes, and dense bodies. The caveolae of ICC are distinctive. At the same time, RT-PCR indicated that the Kunming mice common bile duct expressed mRNA specific for the c-kit gene, and western blot analysis showed the evidence of production of c-kit protein in the Kunming mice common bile duct.
Conclusion: ICC are found in the Kunming mice common bile duct, which is likely to lead to the development of motility study of the common bile duct.
Keywords: common bile duct; electron microscopy; immuno-electron microscopy; interstitial cells of Cajal; intestines; smooth muscle; tyrosine kinase receptor (c-kit)
Bio assay guided isolation identification active constituents of walnut leav...Debanjan Chatterjee
This Presentation revolves round about the isolation and the characterization of the active molecule megastimene which has a power full activity as anti hyperglycemic ..and they have furthur processed it for formulation
The efficacy of Lemon (Citrus lemonirisso) juice on wound healing of albino wistar rat was investigated; also the potential haemostatic mechanism associated with administration of the extract was investigated. Results showed that lemon juice extract decreased haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume while it has no significant effect on platelet count, white blood cell count and white cell differential counts in albino rats. Furthermore, the bleeding and clotting times were shortened and the period of healing of wound using lemon juice could possess some elements that is affecting the haemostatic mechanism.
Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Effects of the Flavonoid-rich Fraction of th...IOSRJPBS
The leaves of Jatropha tanjorensis are edible and used in herbal medicine in the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress. The present study demonstrates the antioxidative effect of the flavonoid-rich fraction of the methanol extract of Jatropha tanjorensis leaves (FRJT) against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of FRJT were determined by serum biochemical enzymes; alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GPx), heamatological pararmeters (PCV, Hb and WBC) and histology study. The results obtained showed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the activities of liver marker enzymes across the pre-treated groups compared with the untreated rats. Assay of antioxidant enzymes showed that the extract significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced SOD and GPx activities whereas CAT activity was non-significantly (p ˃ 0.05) increased when compared with the untreated animals. PCV, Hb and WBC levels were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the untreated group. However, supplementation with FRJT and Silymarin ameliorated the induced depletion of blood in the pre-treated animals. Histological examination of the liver tissue showed marked reduction in fatty degeneration across the pre-treated groups when compared with the untreated group. The results in this study indicate that FRJT exhibited varying levels of protection against CCl4-induced oxidative stress in rat models. These results also indicate that the flavonoid-rich fraction contains antioxidants, which mop up free radicals in the system and support its use in the treatment of diseases resulting from oxidative damage.
Toxicological profile of Grewia bicolor root extractIOSRJPBS
In recent years, traditional system of medicine has become a topic of global importance. Many of the plant species that provide medicinal herbs have been scientifically evaluated for their possible medicinal, pharmacological and toxicological effects. A number of species of the genus Grewia have been used as medicinal herbs to treat several diseases in different parts of the globe. Grewia bicolor is the most famous medicinal plant among the genus Grewia. Despite the wide use of the plant in traditional medicine, so far no scientific evaluation was carried out on this plant for the preclinical toxicity profile. The present study was conducted to evaluate the safety of Grewia bicolor root extract. The plant extract proved that it is relatively safe through the acute and sub-acute studies.
Anti neoplastic effect of Eclipta prostrata L. (HepG2) cell lines. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a tumor of the liver. HCC is responsible for over 12,000 deaths per year in the United States. It is one of the serious health problems in most developing countries. The present probe proved that ethanol extract of Eclipta prostrata L. significantly suppressed the growth and induced the apoptosis in the liver cancer (HepG2) cell lines. IC50 dose was measured with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium. 100 μg of extract showed 50% reduction of in HepG2 cell line growth at 48 h of incubation. The whole plant of E. prostrata L. extract-induced apoptotic features of cell death was stained with acridine orange. The intracellular enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase were slightly decreased in their activities when compared to control. Thus, the study resolves that E. prostrata L. extract is an effective to prevent or retard the spread of malignant cells and antineoplastic effect.
Olive (Olea europaea) Leaf Extract and Chronic Myelogenous LeukemiaHakeem Zamano
Olive (Olea europaea) Leaf Extract Induces Apoptosis and
Monocyte/Macrophage Differentiation in Human Chronic
Myelogenous Leukemia K562 Cells: Insight into the Underlying
Mechanism
SUB-ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY OF ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF Ocimum canum ON BRAIN, LU...oyepata
SUB-ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY OF ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF Ocimum canum ON
BRAIN, LUNGS, STOMACH AND SPLEEN OF WISTER RATS
JOSEPH OS*1, BUILDERS M1, JOSEPH OT2, ZUBAIRU SA3, MUSA T3, OYEPATA PJ2
SUB-ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY OF ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF Ocimum canum ON THE KIDNE...oyepata
SUB-ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY OF ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF Ocimum canum ON
THE KIDNEY OF WISTAR RATS
JOSEPH OS*1, BUILDERS M1, JOSEPH OT2, SABASTINE AZ3, MUSA TL4, OYEPATA PJ2
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of
70% ethanolic crude extract of Portulaca oleracea L on mice
orgons . (In vivo),In vivo, the acute toxicity of 70 % ethanolic
extract of the plant on normal mice was studied. No toxic effect
was noted on normal mice even at 9500 mg /kg B.W S/C
injection.Histopathological changes due to ethanolic extract of
the plant in healthy mice were summarized in hyperplasia of
white pulp with amyloid deposition, proliferation of
megakaryocytes and mononuclear cell infiltration in the liver and
kidney parenchyma. There were no significant lesions detected in
the brain, heart and ovary in all treated groups.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)inventionjournals
is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Toxicological profile of Grewia bicolor root extractIOSRJPBS
In recent years, traditional system of medicine has become a topic of global importance. Many of the plant species that provide medicinal herbs have been scientifically evaluated for their possible medicinal, pharmacological and toxicological effects. A number of species of the genus Grewia have been used as medicinal herbs to treat several diseases in different parts of the globe. Grewia bicolor is the most famous medicinal plant among the genus Grewia. Despite the wide use of the plant in traditional medicine, so far no scientific evaluation was carried out on this plant for the preclinical toxicity profile. The present study was conducted to evaluate the safety of Grewia bicolor root extract. The plant extract proved that it is relatively safe through the acute and sub-acute studies.
Anti neoplastic effect of Eclipta prostrata L. (HepG2) cell lines. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a tumor of the liver. HCC is responsible for over 12,000 deaths per year in the United States. It is one of the serious health problems in most developing countries. The present probe proved that ethanol extract of Eclipta prostrata L. significantly suppressed the growth and induced the apoptosis in the liver cancer (HepG2) cell lines. IC50 dose was measured with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium. 100 μg of extract showed 50% reduction of in HepG2 cell line growth at 48 h of incubation. The whole plant of E. prostrata L. extract-induced apoptotic features of cell death was stained with acridine orange. The intracellular enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase were slightly decreased in their activities when compared to control. Thus, the study resolves that E. prostrata L. extract is an effective to prevent or retard the spread of malignant cells and antineoplastic effect.
Olive (Olea europaea) Leaf Extract and Chronic Myelogenous LeukemiaHakeem Zamano
Olive (Olea europaea) Leaf Extract Induces Apoptosis and
Monocyte/Macrophage Differentiation in Human Chronic
Myelogenous Leukemia K562 Cells: Insight into the Underlying
Mechanism
SUB-ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY OF ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF Ocimum canum ON BRAIN, LU...oyepata
SUB-ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY OF ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF Ocimum canum ON
BRAIN, LUNGS, STOMACH AND SPLEEN OF WISTER RATS
JOSEPH OS*1, BUILDERS M1, JOSEPH OT2, ZUBAIRU SA3, MUSA T3, OYEPATA PJ2
SUB-ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY OF ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF Ocimum canum ON THE KIDNE...oyepata
SUB-ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY OF ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF Ocimum canum ON
THE KIDNEY OF WISTAR RATS
JOSEPH OS*1, BUILDERS M1, JOSEPH OT2, SABASTINE AZ3, MUSA TL4, OYEPATA PJ2
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of
70% ethanolic crude extract of Portulaca oleracea L on mice
orgons . (In vivo),In vivo, the acute toxicity of 70 % ethanolic
extract of the plant on normal mice was studied. No toxic effect
was noted on normal mice even at 9500 mg /kg B.W S/C
injection.Histopathological changes due to ethanolic extract of
the plant in healthy mice were summarized in hyperplasia of
white pulp with amyloid deposition, proliferation of
megakaryocytes and mononuclear cell infiltration in the liver and
kidney parenchyma. There were no significant lesions detected in
the brain, heart and ovary in all treated groups.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)inventionjournals
is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Genotoxicity of Goji Berry (Lyciumbarbarum) In Vivo Mammalian Cellsinventionjournals
Lyciumbarbarum (Gojji berry) belongs to family Salonaceae which is found in China and Himalayan. This herb is used to prevent various diseases and in medical treatments as an alternative medicine being widely used for its antioxidant and revitalizing potential effects. In recent years, Gojji has become increasingly popular in Europe and North America as a "superfruit" and dietary supplement. The belief that herbal products do not bring any risk to health, is part of popular culture. However the term "natural" assigned to many products cannot assure no health risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible genotoxic effects of aqueous extract of Lyciumbarbarum (Gojji berry) by micronucleus test and comet assay. Thirty Rattus norvegicus were divided into three equal groups: 1) experimental group, submitted to Gojji berry (200mg/kg orally); 2) positive control group (cyclophosphamide), and; 3) negative control group (distilled water). Micronucleus Tests were done by smear method of bone marrow cells performed after 48h for acute, and 72h for chronic exposure. The comet assay was performed on peripheral blood taken from the tail of each animal 4h, and 24h after intervention. Cytotoxicity was assessed by observing the DNA damage measuring the percentage of DNA in the tail (% DNA- measurement of the proportion of the total DNA present in the tail) and the tail moment (TM-tail length times the percentage of DNA in the tail), calculated by 100 nucleoids per animal and the presence of micronuclei in 2,000 polychromatic erythrocytes per animal. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test at 5% significance was used comparing the results. The data showed no significant difference in the frequency of DNA damage and the number of micronuclei between the experimental group and the negative control group. The results also suggest that the aqueous extract of Lyciumbarbarum (Gojji berry) at the dose of 200 mg/kg showed no genotoxic effect, which could, to a certain point, justifies its use.
Genotoxicity of Goji Berry (Lyciumbarbarum) In Vivo Mammalian Cellsinventionjournals
Lyciumbarbarum (Gojji berry) belongs to family Salonaceae which is found in China and Himalayan. This herb is used to prevent various diseases and in medical treatments as an alternative medicine being widely used for its antioxidant and revitalizing potential effects. In recent years, Gojji has become increasingly popular in Europe and North America as a "superfruit" and dietary supplement. The belief that herbal products do not bring any risk to health, is part of popular culture. However the term "natural" assigned to many products cannot assure no health risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible genotoxic effects of aqueous extract of Lyciumbarbarum (Gojji berry) by micronucleus test and comet assay. Thirty Rattus norvegicus were divided into three equal groups: 1) experimental group, submitted to Gojji berry (200mg/kg orally); 2) positive control group (cyclophosphamide), and; 3) negative control group (distilled water). Micronucleus Tests were done by smear method of bone marrow cells performed after 48h for acute, and 72h for chronic exposure. The comet assay was performed on peripheral blood taken from the tail of each animal 4h, and 24h after intervention. Cytotoxicity was assessed by observing the DNA damage measuring the percentage of DNA in the tail (% DNA- measurement of the proportion of the total DNA present in the tail) and the tail moment (TM-tail length times the percentage of DNA in the tail), calculated by 100 nucleoids per animal and the presence of micronuclei in 2,000 polychromatic erythrocytes per animal. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test at 5% significance was used comparing the results. The data showed no significant difference in the frequency of DNA damage and the number of micronuclei between the experimental group and the negative control group. The results also suggest that the aqueous extract of Lyciumbarbarum (Gojji berry) at the dose of 200 mg/kg showed no genotoxic effect, which could, to a certain point, justifies its use.
Genotoxicity of Goji Berry (Lyciumbarbarum) In Vivo Mammalian Cellsinventionjournals
Lyciumbarbarum (Gojji berry) belongs to family Salonaceae which is found in China and Himalayan. This herb is used to prevent various diseases and in medical treatments as an alternative medicine being widely used for its antioxidant and revitalizing potential effects. In recent years, Gojji has become increasingly popular in Europe and North America as a "superfruit" and dietary supplement. The belief that herbal products do not bring any risk to health, is part of popular culture. However the term "natural" assigned to many products cannot assure no health risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible genotoxic effects of aqueous extract of Lyciumbarbarum (Gojji berry) by micronucleus test and comet assay. Thirty Rattus norvegicus were divided into three equal groups: 1) experimental group, submitted to Gojji berry (200mg/kg orally); 2) positive control group (cyclophosphamide), and; 3) negative control group (distilled water). Micronucleus Tests were done by smear method of bone marrow cells performed after 48h for acute, and 72h for chronic exposure. The comet assay was performed on peripheral blood taken from the tail of each animal 4h, and 24h after intervention. Cytotoxicity was assessed by observing the DNA damage measuring the percentage of DNA in the tail (% DNA- measurement of the proportion of the total DNA present in the tail) and the tail moment (TM-tail length times the percentage of DNA in the tail), calculated by 100 nucleoids per animal and the presence of micronuclei in 2,000 polychromatic erythrocytes per animal. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test at 5% significance was used comparing the results. The data showed no significant difference in the frequency of DNA damage and the number of micronuclei between the experimental group and the negative control group. The results also suggest that the aqueous extract of Lyciumbarbarum (Gojji berry) at the dose of 200 mg/kg showed no genotoxic effect, which could, to a certain point, justifies its use.
Hepatoprotective Effect of Cestrum parqui L. aerial parts and Phytochemical ...Jing Zang
This study deals with the investigation of hepatoprotective effect of 70% methanolic extract from Cestrum parqui aerial parts and determination of the bioactive components of the plant. The hepatoprotective effect of Cestrum parqui methanol extract (100, 500, 1000 mg/kg) was analysed on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury. The administration of a single dose of 40% CCl4 (1ml/kg b.w.) causes an increase in the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspirate aminotransferase (AST) enzymes and so pretreated orally of a dose from Cestrum parqui methanol extract (100, 500, 1000 mg/kg) and silymarin (200 mg/kg) for three consecutive days prior to The administration of a single dose of CCl4 significantly prevented the increase in the activities of these enzymes. Histological analysis showed that Cestrum parqui methanol extract at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg and silymarin reduced the incidence of liver lesions including vacuole formation, neutrophil infiltration and necrosis of hepatocytes induced by CCl4. The extract cause a negative result on the antioxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRd) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level in liver, as compared to those in the CCl4-treated group and this suggests that the hepatoprotective activity of the extract is due to the antioxidant effect of the extract. Phytochemical analysis of the methanol extract from Cestrum parqui aerial parts showed that it contained different phytoconstituents, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, terpenes and carbohydrates.
Effect of ethanol stem extract of homalium letestui on gentamicin-induced kid...oyepata
Effect of ethanol stem extract of homalium letestui on gentamicin-induced
kidney Injury in rat
OYEPATA SIMEON JOSEPH*1, JUDE E2. OKOKON AND OPEYEMI TOSIN JOSEPH3
Effect of ethanol stem extract of homalium letestui on gentamicin induced simeonoyepata
Effect of ethanol stem extract of homalium letestui on gentamicin-induced
kidney Injury in rat
OYEPATA SIMEON JOSEPH*1, JUDE E2. OKOKON AND OPEYEMI TOSIN JOSEPH
Evaluation of In-vitro neuroprotective effect of Ethanolic extract of Canariu...AI Publications
The ethanolic extract of canarium solomonense leaves (ecsl) was studied for its neuroprotective activity. The neuroprotective activity of ECSL was found to have a significant impact on neuronal cell death triggered by hydrogen peroxide (MTT assay) in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Scopolamine, a muscarinic receptor blocker, is frequently used to induce cognitive impairment in laboratory animals. Injections of scopolamine influence multiple cognitive functions, including motor function, short-term memory, and attention. Using the Morris water maze, the Y maze, and the passive avoidance paradigm, memory enhancing activity in scopolamine-induced amnesic rats was evaluated. Using the Morris water maze, the Y maze, and the passive avoidance paradigm, ECSL was found to have a substantial effect on the memory of scopolamine- induced amnesic rats. Our experimental data indicated that ECSL can reverse scopolamine induced amnesia and assist with memory issues.
Hepatoprotective Activity of Methanolic Extract of Whole Plant of Pulicaria W...IOSRJPBS
Natural remedies from medicinal plants are considered to be effective and safe alternative treatment for liver injury. The present study was conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of whole plant of Pulicaria wightiana in wistar rats. The studies were conducted using the two popular inducing agents Paracetamol (2 g/kg, p.o.) in 1% NaCMC and Carbon tetrachloride (1 ml/kg). Silymarin (100 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as reference drug in the respective models. The effect was estimated by measuring the enzymatic levels and histo- pathological studies. The methanolic extract of whole plant of Pulicaria wightiana has shown very significant hepatoprotection against both Paracetamol and CCl4 - induced hepatotoxicity study models in wistar rats. This was evidenced by marked reduction in marker enzymes in serum. Histopathological studies also confirmed the hepatoprotective nature of the extract
Protective effects of commelina benghalensis linn (root) extract on ethanol i...IJSIT Editor
The present study was undertaken to investigate the protective effect and possible mechanism of
alcoholic (AlE) and aqueous extract (AqE) from Commelina benghalensis root (CB) on EtOH-induced hepatic
injury in Wistar rat. Hepatotoxic parameters studied in vivo include serum transaminases (AST, and ALT),
ALP, bilirubin, protein, lipid profile (Cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL and HDL) and level of antioxidants
together with histopathological examination. Liv 52® was used as a reference hepatoprotective agent
(5ml/kg-1b.w.). AlE and AqE (200 mg/kg-1b.w.) on oral administration decreased the level of AST, ALP, ALT,
bilirubin, cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL, MDA and increased the level of protein, HDL and antioxidants (SOD,
GSH and CAT) in rats being treated with ethanol (EtOH). Pentobarbitone -induced sleeping time study was
carried out to verify the effect on microsomal enzymes Histopathological observations confirmed the
beneficial roles of MF against EtOH-induced liver injury in rats. Possible mechanism may involve their
antioxidant activity
Acute toxicity and anti-ulcerogenic activity of an aqueous extract from the s...Jing Zang
Terminalia superba is a plant used in traditional medicine to treat many illnesses particularly gastro-intestinal disorders. This study was aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity and gastric anti-ulcer activity of an aqueous extract of Terminalia superba (AETs). The LD50 was determined by the graphic method of Miller and Tainter (1944) and the calculation method of Dragsted and Lang (1957) in mice. The preventive anti-ulcerogenic action of the extract was assessed using four models of gastric ulcer induction namely HCl/Ethanol solution, indomethacin solution, pylorus ligation and cold restraint stress in rats. The LD50 obtained by the oral administration of AETs was 12.2 ± 0.21 g/kg b.w. and 12.33 ± 0.87 g/kg b.w. by the graphic method and the calculation method respectively. The administration of AETs intraperitoneally gave 1.97 ± 0.29 g/kg b.w. (graphic method) and 1.93 ± 0.21 g/kg b.w. (calculation method) as LD50s. The preventive gastric anti-ulcer study revealed that for doses ranging from 125 to 500 mg/kg body weight, EATs significantly (P<0.05)>< 0.05) increased mucus production and reduced gastric acid secretion. Phytochemical screening of the aqueous extract of the stem bark of Terminalia superba showed the presence of polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids, quinones, coumarines, saponins, reduced sugar, sterols and polyterpenes. These results suggested that the preventive anti-ulcer activity of AETs may be due to a cytoprotective effect. The LD50s found indicated that the extract was not toxic and that the phytochemical coumpounds present in EATs could be responsible for its effects. In conclusion, the preventive gastric anti-ulcer and the non toxic effects of the aqueous extract of Terminalia superba could justify the use of this plant in traditional medicine to treat abdominal disorder and pains.
Topical Delivery of Fenoprofen Proliposomes: Preparation, Evaluation and In V...inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
1. Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 2013, 4, 29-36 ABB
doi:10.4236/abb.2013.41005 Published Online January 2013 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/abb/)
Chilean crude extract of Ruta graveolens generates
vasodilatation in rat aorta at cellular subtoxic
concentrations
Ignacio Jofré Fernández1, Patricia Navarrete Gómez1,2, Jorge Parodi3*, Fernando Romero Mejía1,
Raúl Salvatici Salazar1
1
Center of Neurosciences and Peptides Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
2
Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Institute,
Campus Juriquilla-Querétaro, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
3
Laboratorio de Fisiología de la Reproducción, Núcleo de Producción Alimentaria, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de
Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
Email: *jparodi@uct.cl
Received 1 October 2012; revised 10 November 2012; accepted 7 January 2013
ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUCTION
In Chile elevated percentage of population have car- For most people, a blood pressure above 140/90 is con-
diovascular diseases, 70% of this populations is a hy- sidered as hypertension, the upper number, the systolic
pertensive peoples. The Ruta graveolens (Ruta) is a pressure, is the highest pressure in the arteries when the
medicinal plant used in different parts of the world heart beats and fills the arteries. The lower number, the
with different therapeutics properties like derma- diastolic pressure, is the lowest pressure in the arteries
tologic as far as anti-helmintic properties. We ana- when the heart relaxes between beats [1]. In Chile, the
lyzed the vascular action measuring the tension to hypertension prevalence increased from 18.6% in 1988
identify vasodilator effect of Ruta extract in norm- to 21.7% in 2004. This occurred in all age groups and in
tense rat’s aorta incubated and measured in isolated both genders. The state of awareness remained stable:
organ bath, and evaluating the toxicity effect in
66.9% in 1988 and 66.6% in 2004. The state of treatment
CRL-1730 cell line, through enzymatic assay (MTT),
increased from 35.6% (1988) to 59.9% (2004), and the
confocal microscopy (propidium iodide stain) and
state of hypertension control from 7.5 to 30.7%, re-
flow cytometry (TUNEL assay), including extracellu-
spectively [2], between the 2009 and 2010, 11.92% of
lar reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through
luminescence assay. The results show with DE50 29 ± the population, have a high and 2.5% very high risk of
0.1 μg/mL evidenced vasodilatation, partially endo- acquire a cardiovascular disease. Hypertension is a life-
thelium-depend. The cytotoxicity showed with DE50 style-related disease and dietary modifications are effec-
304.6 ± 2 μg/mL in enzymatic assay (MTT) while evi- tive for its management and prevention.
denced membrane permeability in high concentra- In the last time, the feeding is essential in the therapy
tions (1500 µg/mL), DNA fragmentation in absence of of hypertension. The medicinal plants have been used by
oxidative stress in only observed when high concen- indigenous communities since time immemorial. Plants
trations of Ruta are used over the cell culture. The has been used for the control of hypertension or reporting
vasodilatation activity is executed in subtoxic concen- vasodilator effect, like Nige sativa seeds [3], Olea
tration and partially endothelium-depend without europaea in patients with stage-1 hypertension [4] and
permeability effect in the membrane and deteriora- Ginko biloba [5], with properties of regulation of arterial
tion of the cells viability suggesting a complex effect pressure. Ruta is a medicinal plant introduce to Chile
of Ruta preparation in the regulation of vascular from Europe, used in the non-traditional medicine. In
tone. several reports, Ruta has been described like, anti-
inflammatory [6], antibacterial [7], antifungal [8], for
Keywords: Vasodilatation; Ruta graveolens; Toxicity, eyestrain-induced headache [9]. It has also been used
Endothelium as compound for gastric disorders, stiff neck, dizzi-
ness and headache [10], however vascular effects are not
*
Corresponding author. described.
Published Online January 2013 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/abb