1. The document describes a study to reduce stress concentration between a cam and roller follower by rounding the edges.
2. A cam and follower system is designed to provide simple harmonic motion, and CAD models are created of the system with both flat and rounded edges.
3. Finite element analysis shows that the maximum equivalent stress is reduced from 4.1684e8 Pa for the flat edge model to 1.8839e8 Pa for the rounded edge model, demonstrating that rounding the edges is effective at reducing stress concentration.
Finite Element Analysis of Shaft of Centrifugal PumpIOSR Journals
Centrifugal pump is world one of the oldest water pumping devises. The current work deals study
Shaft of centrifugal pump for static and dynamic analysis. As we know rotodynamic machineries are designed
keenly as there is lot of fluctuation in the loads and speeds. The shaft is analyzed by using finite element analysis
technique for stresses and deflections. The total work is carried out in two stages first stage is static analysis. In
this stage pump shaft is analyzed for stresses and deflection and same results are verified using graphical
integration method. And second for dynamic analysis, in this stage result obtained by static analysis are used to
calculate dynamic forces coming in pump shaft. Again shaft is analyzed in dynamic input condition and results
are verified by using graphical integration method. The software used for the finite element meshing is
HYPERMESH and solver used is RADIOSS. Result values obtained for deflection and stresses are compared in
both cases. Result obtained by graphical method and FEA are nearly similar and are in acceptable limits.
SAIF ALDIN ALI MADIN
سيف الدين علي ماضي
S96aif@gmail.com
Torsion tesd
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
The objective of this experiment is to study the linearly elastic behavior
of metallic material under a torsion test. Torsion test measures the
strength of any material against maximum twisting forces. During this
experiment, a failure testing is done to our testing material which is a
steel. This failure testing involves twisting the material until it breaks
which helps demonstrates how materials undergo during testing
condition by measuring the applied torque with respect to the angle of
twist, the shear modulus, shear stress
At the limit of proportionality. The shear modulus of elasticity G and
Poisson's Ratio are determined for the specimen using torsional stressstrain relationship from the data collected during the experiment. The
fraction surface of our material at the end of the experiment is used to
stablish characteristics of the material,
Finite Element Analysis of Shaft of Centrifugal PumpIOSR Journals
Centrifugal pump is world one of the oldest water pumping devises. The current work deals study
Shaft of centrifugal pump for static and dynamic analysis. As we know rotodynamic machineries are designed
keenly as there is lot of fluctuation in the loads and speeds. The shaft is analyzed by using finite element analysis
technique for stresses and deflections. The total work is carried out in two stages first stage is static analysis. In
this stage pump shaft is analyzed for stresses and deflection and same results are verified using graphical
integration method. And second for dynamic analysis, in this stage result obtained by static analysis are used to
calculate dynamic forces coming in pump shaft. Again shaft is analyzed in dynamic input condition and results
are verified by using graphical integration method. The software used for the finite element meshing is
HYPERMESH and solver used is RADIOSS. Result values obtained for deflection and stresses are compared in
both cases. Result obtained by graphical method and FEA are nearly similar and are in acceptable limits.
SAIF ALDIN ALI MADIN
سيف الدين علي ماضي
S96aif@gmail.com
Torsion tesd
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
The objective of this experiment is to study the linearly elastic behavior
of metallic material under a torsion test. Torsion test measures the
strength of any material against maximum twisting forces. During this
experiment, a failure testing is done to our testing material which is a
steel. This failure testing involves twisting the material until it breaks
which helps demonstrates how materials undergo during testing
condition by measuring the applied torque with respect to the angle of
twist, the shear modulus, shear stress
At the limit of proportionality. The shear modulus of elasticity G and
Poisson's Ratio are determined for the specimen using torsional stressstrain relationship from the data collected during the experiment. The
fraction surface of our material at the end of the experiment is used to
stablish characteristics of the material,
EShape Optimization Of A Suspension Bellcrank Using 3d Finite Element MethodsIJERA Editor
The paper represents an application of an optimization procedure for a mass and stress optimization of the bellcrank of a double wishbone suspension system of SRM University’s FormulaSAE vehicle. The used optimization procedure, so-called Fully Stressed Design, is based on an indirect approach utilizing optimum criteria. The aim of the optimization was to achieve the lowest possible mass of the construction taking into consideration the allowed resistance and also to investigate and analyze the structural stress distribution of bellcrank at the real time condition during damping process and the spring actuation.
Flow Modification over Rotor Blade with Suction Boundary Layer Control TechniqueIJERA Editor
The efficiency of transonic aircraft engines depend upon the performance of compressor rotor. To increase
compressor rotors performance flow separation around rotor blades must be delayed and controlled. The aim
was to control the flow separation of blades using suction boundary layer control method.
Rotor blade has been modelled in designing software CATIA and then a suction surface has been created on
blade and then import these geometries to ANSYS-CFX 14.5 for computational analysis of flow around blades.
Suction slot has been applied at the trailing edge of suction surface and Shear stress transport model has been
used for computational analysis.
Two different suction mass flow rates 1 kg/s and 1.5 kg/s have been used here and boundary layer separation
effects have been changed and this could be readily seen that the velocity vectors have reattached, preventing
the boundary layer separation at the suction surface of the blade.
Characteristics of separately excited generatorSaif al-din ali
The object of this experiment is to verify the
factors , which affect Me building voltage In separately - cited generator
, the external Characteristics and load saturation characteristics ,
regulating characteristics of the generator
Characteristics of separately excited generator
SAIF ALDIN ALI MADIN
سيف الدين علي ماضي
S96aif@gmail.com
SAIF ALDIN ALI MADIN
سيف الدين علي ماضي
S96aif@gmail.com
Buckling test
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
A fundamental condition in all problems is the equilibrium of
internal and external forces. If the system of forces is
disturbed owing to a small displacement of a body, two
principal situations are possible: either the body will return
to its original configuration owing to restoring forces during
displacement, or the body will accelerate farther away from
its original state owing to displacing forces. The latter
situation is termed instable equilibrium.
The instability of structural members subjected to
compressive loading (see Fig. 1(b)) may be regarded as a
mode of failure, even though stress may remain elastic, owing to excessive
deformation and distortion of the structure. This mode of failure is termed
buckling and is prevalent in members for which the transverse dimension is
small compared with the overall length
Bending test | MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Laboratory | U.O.B |Saif al-din ali
SAIF A-LDIN ALI
سيف الدين علي ماضي
s96aif@gmail.com
@s96aif
Bending test | MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Laboratory | U.O.B |
The main purpose of the Bend testing is to determine
the ductility, bend strength, fracture strength and
resistance to fracture of the specimen i.e. the
characteristics used to determine whether a material
will fail under pressure and are especially important in
any construction process involving ductile materials
loaded with bending forces.
If a material begins to fracture or completely fractures
during a three or four point bend test it is valid to
assume that the material will fail under a similar in any
application, which may lead to catastrophic failure
To find the values of deflections and bending stresses of the
beam (steel) supported and carrying a concentrated load at
the center in the case of simply or fixed supported and at free
end in cantilever supported case
1 - Cantilever beam
2 - Simply Supported Beam
3. Fixed Beam,
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
OPTIMIZATION AND FATIGUE ANALYSISOF A CRANE HOOK USING FINITE ELEMENT METHODijmech
Stress analysis plays an important role in the design of structures like crane hook under loading conditions.
Crane hook is a reliable lifting component being used in industries. Structure failure of crane hook occurs
because of the stress induced due to repetitive loading and unloading conditions. In this study, solid
modeling of crane hook having trapezoidal cross-section referring to one of its existing design is done
using SOLIDWORKS. Further, analyses are carried out in ANSYS Workbench and nCode DesignLife. The
lengths of two parallel sides of the cross-section of crane hook are varied and different candidates are
obtained for loading capacity of 30 ton on the basis of Mass, total Displacement and Von-Mises stress.This
is done to reduce weight and balance economy. Further, out of these candidates, best candidates are
considered and fatigue analysis is performed on these candidates.
FEA OF A CRANKSHAFT IN CRANK-PIN WEB FILLET REGION FOR IMPROVING FATIGUE LIFEijiert bestjournal
A crankshaft is often designed with a fillet radius to improving fatigue life of crankshaft. The fatigue life of crankshaft is depend on the proper fillet radius. This fillet radius is changes than fatigue life is also changes of crankshaft. In most of the time fatigue failure is occur in crank-pin web fillet region. The crankshaft fillet rolling process is one of the commonly adopted methods in engineering to improve fatigue life of the crankshaft. A finite element analysis is implemented to approximate the stress distribution induced in the crankpin fillet region. The modelling of crankshaft is created by Creo-parametric. Finite element analysis is performed to obtain the variation of stress at critical locations and fatigue life of the crank shaft using the ANSYS software and applying th e boundary conditions. Radius of fillet is changes in model of crankshaft to improvement in fatigue life. Th is work in doing for optimization of a crankshaft in crank-pin web fillet region with fatigue life as well as to study a relation between fillet radius/diameter of crankpin to fatigue life. .
OPTIMIZATION OF AERODYNAMIC AND STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCES OF A WIND TURBINE BLA...IAEME Publication
The purpose of this study is to optimize the energy efficiency of a wind turbine
blade and reduce its cost. In this paper, we define several optimization targets such as
maximizing Cl / Cd ratio and minimizing the deformation and mass of the blade. To
solve this multi-objectives optimization problem, we used the ant colony heuristic
optimization method on a blade model computed by the BEM and the FEM methods.
The optimization results are compared with the results obtained by the BEM method.
As uncertainty about the practical consequences of the United Kingdom leaving the European Union grows, Michel Jacquot (an expert in WTO and CAP law) and Daniel Guéguen (PACT European Affairs) have decided to take action. In this must-read text, they make ‘Brexit’ more concrete by illustrating it through the prism of the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy. Combining their expertise, they highlight the many procedural difficulties ahead, the likely impact at the level of the World Trade Organisation and the implications for EU funding.
EShape Optimization Of A Suspension Bellcrank Using 3d Finite Element MethodsIJERA Editor
The paper represents an application of an optimization procedure for a mass and stress optimization of the bellcrank of a double wishbone suspension system of SRM University’s FormulaSAE vehicle. The used optimization procedure, so-called Fully Stressed Design, is based on an indirect approach utilizing optimum criteria. The aim of the optimization was to achieve the lowest possible mass of the construction taking into consideration the allowed resistance and also to investigate and analyze the structural stress distribution of bellcrank at the real time condition during damping process and the spring actuation.
Flow Modification over Rotor Blade with Suction Boundary Layer Control TechniqueIJERA Editor
The efficiency of transonic aircraft engines depend upon the performance of compressor rotor. To increase
compressor rotors performance flow separation around rotor blades must be delayed and controlled. The aim
was to control the flow separation of blades using suction boundary layer control method.
Rotor blade has been modelled in designing software CATIA and then a suction surface has been created on
blade and then import these geometries to ANSYS-CFX 14.5 for computational analysis of flow around blades.
Suction slot has been applied at the trailing edge of suction surface and Shear stress transport model has been
used for computational analysis.
Two different suction mass flow rates 1 kg/s and 1.5 kg/s have been used here and boundary layer separation
effects have been changed and this could be readily seen that the velocity vectors have reattached, preventing
the boundary layer separation at the suction surface of the blade.
Characteristics of separately excited generatorSaif al-din ali
The object of this experiment is to verify the
factors , which affect Me building voltage In separately - cited generator
, the external Characteristics and load saturation characteristics ,
regulating characteristics of the generator
Characteristics of separately excited generator
SAIF ALDIN ALI MADIN
سيف الدين علي ماضي
S96aif@gmail.com
SAIF ALDIN ALI MADIN
سيف الدين علي ماضي
S96aif@gmail.com
Buckling test
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
A fundamental condition in all problems is the equilibrium of
internal and external forces. If the system of forces is
disturbed owing to a small displacement of a body, two
principal situations are possible: either the body will return
to its original configuration owing to restoring forces during
displacement, or the body will accelerate farther away from
its original state owing to displacing forces. The latter
situation is termed instable equilibrium.
The instability of structural members subjected to
compressive loading (see Fig. 1(b)) may be regarded as a
mode of failure, even though stress may remain elastic, owing to excessive
deformation and distortion of the structure. This mode of failure is termed
buckling and is prevalent in members for which the transverse dimension is
small compared with the overall length
Bending test | MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Laboratory | U.O.B |Saif al-din ali
SAIF A-LDIN ALI
سيف الدين علي ماضي
s96aif@gmail.com
@s96aif
Bending test | MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Laboratory | U.O.B |
The main purpose of the Bend testing is to determine
the ductility, bend strength, fracture strength and
resistance to fracture of the specimen i.e. the
characteristics used to determine whether a material
will fail under pressure and are especially important in
any construction process involving ductile materials
loaded with bending forces.
If a material begins to fracture or completely fractures
during a three or four point bend test it is valid to
assume that the material will fail under a similar in any
application, which may lead to catastrophic failure
To find the values of deflections and bending stresses of the
beam (steel) supported and carrying a concentrated load at
the center in the case of simply or fixed supported and at free
end in cantilever supported case
1 - Cantilever beam
2 - Simply Supported Beam
3. Fixed Beam,
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
OPTIMIZATION AND FATIGUE ANALYSISOF A CRANE HOOK USING FINITE ELEMENT METHODijmech
Stress analysis plays an important role in the design of structures like crane hook under loading conditions.
Crane hook is a reliable lifting component being used in industries. Structure failure of crane hook occurs
because of the stress induced due to repetitive loading and unloading conditions. In this study, solid
modeling of crane hook having trapezoidal cross-section referring to one of its existing design is done
using SOLIDWORKS. Further, analyses are carried out in ANSYS Workbench and nCode DesignLife. The
lengths of two parallel sides of the cross-section of crane hook are varied and different candidates are
obtained for loading capacity of 30 ton on the basis of Mass, total Displacement and Von-Mises stress.This
is done to reduce weight and balance economy. Further, out of these candidates, best candidates are
considered and fatigue analysis is performed on these candidates.
FEA OF A CRANKSHAFT IN CRANK-PIN WEB FILLET REGION FOR IMPROVING FATIGUE LIFEijiert bestjournal
A crankshaft is often designed with a fillet radius to improving fatigue life of crankshaft. The fatigue life of crankshaft is depend on the proper fillet radius. This fillet radius is changes than fatigue life is also changes of crankshaft. In most of the time fatigue failure is occur in crank-pin web fillet region. The crankshaft fillet rolling process is one of the commonly adopted methods in engineering to improve fatigue life of the crankshaft. A finite element analysis is implemented to approximate the stress distribution induced in the crankpin fillet region. The modelling of crankshaft is created by Creo-parametric. Finite element analysis is performed to obtain the variation of stress at critical locations and fatigue life of the crank shaft using the ANSYS software and applying th e boundary conditions. Radius of fillet is changes in model of crankshaft to improvement in fatigue life. Th is work in doing for optimization of a crankshaft in crank-pin web fillet region with fatigue life as well as to study a relation between fillet radius/diameter of crankpin to fatigue life. .
OPTIMIZATION OF AERODYNAMIC AND STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCES OF A WIND TURBINE BLA...IAEME Publication
The purpose of this study is to optimize the energy efficiency of a wind turbine
blade and reduce its cost. In this paper, we define several optimization targets such as
maximizing Cl / Cd ratio and minimizing the deformation and mass of the blade. To
solve this multi-objectives optimization problem, we used the ant colony heuristic
optimization method on a blade model computed by the BEM and the FEM methods.
The optimization results are compared with the results obtained by the BEM method.
As uncertainty about the practical consequences of the United Kingdom leaving the European Union grows, Michel Jacquot (an expert in WTO and CAP law) and Daniel Guéguen (PACT European Affairs) have decided to take action. In this must-read text, they make ‘Brexit’ more concrete by illustrating it through the prism of the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy. Combining their expertise, they highlight the many procedural difficulties ahead, the likely impact at the level of the World Trade Organisation and the implications for EU funding.
Espectropia - Construção de um espectometro caseiroFABEJA
O termo espectroscopia é utilizado nas disciplinas de física e química para se referir à técnica de aferimento de dados físico-químicos através da transmissão, absorção ou reflexão da energia radiante incidente em uma amostra. Sua origem encontra-se no estudo da luz visível dispersa de acordo com seu comprimento de onda, por exemplo, por um prisma.
Embora a natureza espectral da luz esteja presente no arco-íris, demorou para que o homem reconhecesse o seu significado. Não foi até 1666 que Newton mostrou que a luz branca a partir do sol pode ser repartida em uma série contínua de cores.
Improving the Hydraulic Efficiency of Centrifugal Pumps through Computational...IJERA Editor
The design and optimization of turbo machine impellers such as those in pumps and turbines is a highly complicated task due to the complex three-dimensional shape of the impeller blades and surrounding devices. Small differences in geometry can lead to significant changes in the performance of these machines. We report here an efficient numerical technique that automatically optimizes the geometry of these blades for maximum performance. The technique combines, mathematical modeling of the impeller blades using non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS), Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with Geometry Parameterizations in turbulent flow simulation and the Globalized and bounded Nelder-Mead (GBNM) algorithm in geometry optimization.
Car’s Aerodynamic Characteristics at High Speed Influenced by Rear SpoilerIJRES Journal
The factors affect the rear spoiler’s aerodynamics characteristics are cross-sectional shape, chord length and angle of attack. By changing the three factors that can change the state of the car flow field. Determine the main body size, build models by Solidworks . Use Hypermesh to mesh, increase the number of grid near the body especially at the rear spoiler. Use Fluent for fluid analysis to get the values of aerodynamic lift coefficient CL (at 120km / h) based on orthogonal experiments. After calculating, obtain significance order of factors can obtain the best rear spoiler shape, helping to optimize the automotive styling quickly, improve the car's power and economy, ease the new car quickly seize the market.
Design, Analysis & Balancing of 5 Cylinder Engine CrankshaftIJMER
The crankshaft is a backbone of internal combustion engine. So the design & analysis is major
aspects to get high power transmission & efficiency. The selection of material is an important parameter
while designing any mechanical component. The material should be high strength & capacity to absorb
the shocks as well as fatigue. The material also have less wear tendency. The crankshaft should be high
torque transmitting capacity. So to achieve these objectives high carbon steel are used for design &
analysis purpose. This paper gives the idea about analysis as well as proper balancing of weights by using
these three materials. The modelling is done by using solid work software & then analysis by using ANSYS
software with Finite Element Analysis (FEA) method. The 5 cylinder engine gives the power stroke at 144
degree angle. By addition of counterweights & modified design these odd cylinders are balanced properly.
The Finite Element Analysis Method is used to determine stress, strains & deflection at most stressed point
which results into failure of shaft. Results obtained from analysis are used during weight optimization. The
Shaft is analyzed using static analysis. For absorbing vibrations proper damping material is used to
achieve the requirement of safe design. The optimization results into reduction of weight as well as cost
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
RELIABILITY BASED DESIGN OF A GEAR BOXIJERA Editor
Reliability is the probability that a system, component or device will perform without failure for a specified period of time under specified operating conditions. The concept of reliability is of great importance in the design of various machine members. Conventional engineering design uses a deterministic approach. It disregards the fact that the material properties, the dimensions of the components and the externally applied loads are statistical in nature. In conventional design this uncertainties are covered with a factor of safety, which is not always successful. The growing trend towards reducing uncertainty and increasing reliability is to use the probabilistic approach. In the present work a three shaft four speed gear box and six speed gear box are designed using reliability principles. For the specified reliability of the system (Gear box), component reliability (Gear pair) is calculated by considering the system as a series system. Design is considered to be safe and adequate if the probability of failure of gear box is less than or equal to a specified quantity in each of the two failure modes. . All the parameters affecting the design are considered as random variables and all the random variables are assumed to follow normal distribution. A computer program in C++ is developed to calculate the face widths in bending and surface failure modes. The larger one out of the two values is considered. By changing the variations in the design parameters, variations in the face widths are studied.
A shock absorber is a mechanical device designed to reduce the amplitude of damp shock impulse, and dissipate kinetic energy which helps in improved ride quality, and increase in comfort. Substantially reduced amplitude of disturbances that effected while travelling over rough ground. The aim of the current work is to analyse by considering load acting on the single shock absorber spring. Structural analysis is done to validate the strength while load acting on the spring. Comparison is done analytically for different materials, diameter of wires and number of coils to get the design of spring in shock absorber. The experimental results are compared with virtual results. From this work the design of the spring can be modified within standards.
DESIGN, OPTIMIZATION AND FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF CRANKSHAFTijiert bestjournal
Crankshaft is a crucial component in an engine asse mbly. Crankshaft is consisting of two web sections and one crankpin,which converts the reciprocating displacement of the pist on to a rotary motion with a four link mechanism. G enerally crankshafts are manufactured using cast iron and forged steel mater ial. In this work to design and finite element anal ysis of crankshaft of 4 cylinder petrol engine of Maruti swift Vxi. of 1200 cubic capacity. The finite element analysis in ABA QUS software by using six materials based on their composition viz. Cast iron,EN30B,SAE4340,Structural steel,C70 Alloy steel and Aluminium based composite material reinforced with silicon carbide & fly ash. The parameter like von misses stress,deformation;maximum and minimum principal stress & strain were obtained from analysis software. The results of Finite element show that t he Aluminium based composite material is best mater ial among all. Compare the result like weight and Stiffness parameter. It is resulted of 65.539 % of weight,with reduction i n deformation.
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
2. Reduction of Stress Concentration Between Plate Cam and Roller Follower by Rounding The
Edges
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 116 editor@iaeme.com
while other with curved edges of the cam and roller follower. Finite element analysis
is done to find the stress concentration between the cam and roller. It is then found
that the stress concentration is reduced when the edges are rounded.
2. DESIGN OF CAM AND FOLLOWER
For this study, we will consider a rotary cam with central translatory roller follower. It
contains the following motions
Forward stroke of 20mm in 100o
of cam rotation with simple harmonic motion.
Dwell for 40o
of cam rotation.
Return stroke of 120o
of cam rotation with simple harmonic motion.
Dwell for 100o
of cam rotation.
Mass of the follower (m) = 1 kilogram.
Cam shaft speed = 500rpm
External force during forward stroke = 500N.
External force during return stroke = 200N.
2.1. Motion analysis of the follower
2.1.1. Displacement analysis
For simple harmonic motion for forward and return stroke, displacement at an angle
is given by
[2]
Where, h = stroke length
= angle turned in the stroke
2.1.2. Velocity Analysis
For simple harmonic motion for forward and return stroke, velocity at an angle is
given by
… [2]
Figure 1 Displacement, velocity and acceleration graphs of the motion
3. Aniket Raje
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 117 editor@iaeme.com
From Figure 1 it is observed that at points 1, 3, 4, 6, velocity is zero.
For forward stroke,
At , v = vmaximum
vmaximum = 0.94248 m/s
For return stroke,
At , v = vmaximum
vmaximum = 0.78892 m/s
2.1.3. Acceleration analysis
For simple harmonic motion for forward and return stroke, acceleration at an angle
is given by
… [2]
From Figure 1 it is observed that at points 3 and 5 acceleration is zero.
For forward stroke,
At point 1, , a = amaximum
amaximum = 88.826m/s2
At point 2, , a = amaximum
amaximum = -88.826m/s2
For return stroke,
At point 4, , a = amaximum
amaximum = 61.6853m/s2
At point 6, , a = amaximum
amaximum = -61.6853m/s2
2.2. Calculation of Rp, rp, ,
For forward stroke,
tan = …[2]
=
…[2]
= 0.01m
Let the maximum pressure angle be 25o
tan 25o
= …[2]
4. Reduction of Stress Concentration Between Plate Cam and Roller Follower by Rounding The
Edges
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 118 editor@iaeme.com
Selecting Rp with the higher value to avoid interference and undercutting of cam
Roller radius = Rr = Rp /5 = 5.8mm
d = 11.6mm
Base circle radius,
rp = Rp – Rr = 23.2mm
For Simple harmonic motion,
tan
Pitch point angle = 41.93o
= 7.4913m
Pitch circle radius = Rp + …[2]
= 36.49mm
= 29.496mm
Radius of Cam profile
= - Rr
2.3. Force analysis
Resultant force acting on cam is given by
FR = mg + m + Fexternal … [3]
Therefore, resultant forces at points 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 are,
Table 1 Force table
Points Force (N)
1 598.64
2 509.81
3 420.98
4 48.12
5 109.81
6 171.49
5. Aniket Raje
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 119 editor@iaeme.com
From Table (1)
At point 1,
Fmaximum = 598.64 N
Also, at point 4,
Fminimum = 48.12 N
As minimum force Fminimum 30 N, Spring is not required. … [2]
Now,
Normal force acting on cam surface is given by,
Pn = … [3]
= 660.52 N
Width of the cam can be determined by the following relation
… [2]
Consider roller material as hardened steel and cam material as C20
… [2]
For Steel E1 = E2 = 2.1e05 N/mm2
b = 20.778 mm
Rounding off to next even value.
b 22 mm
3. ANALYSIS
3.1. CAD model
A CAD model was constructed in Solidworks 2015[4] with the dimensions obtained
from the above calculations.
Considering the point of contact to be one with maximum resultant force, i.e.
point 1. (From Figure 1)
3.1.1. Cam and follower without rounded edges
Figure 2 Cam and follower without rounded edges
6. Reduction of Stress Concentration Between Plate Cam and Roller Follower by Rounding The
Edges
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 120 editor@iaeme.com
3.1.2. Cam and follower with rounded edges
Fillet of radius 2.5mm was provided to the cam and roller edge.
Figure 3 Cam and follower with rounded edges
3.2. Meshing
Meshing was carried out in Ansys Workbench [5]
3.2.1. Cam and follower without rounded edges
Statistics
Nodes 111128
Elements 27612
Figure 4 Meshing of Cam and follower without rounded edges
3.1.2. Cam and follower with rounded edges
Statistics
Nodes 139634
Elements 33853
7. Aniket Raje
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 121 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 5 Meshing of Cam and follower without rounded edges
3.3. Boundary Conditions
A load of 598.64 N is applied on the follower as it is the maximum force at point
1(From figure 1).
3.4. Results
Equivalent (Von misses) stress between cam and roller
3.4.1. Cam and follower without rounded edges
Figure 6 Stress distribution between Cam and follower without rounded edges
The maximum equivalent (Von misses) stress is found to be 4.1684e8 Pa in the
cam and follower without rounded edges
8. Reduction of Stress Concentration Between Plate Cam and Roller Follower by Rounding The
Edges
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 122 editor@iaeme.com
3.4.2. Cam and follower with rounded edges
Figure 7 Stress distributions between Cam and follower with rounded edges
The maximum equivalent (Von misses) stress is found to be 1.8839e8 Pa in the
cam and follower with rounded edges
Therefore, it is found that stress is reduced between cam and roller when the edges
are rounded.
4. CONCLUSION
The results clearly show that rounding off the edges of the cam and roller of the
follower reduces the stress between them. This method may not be the only method of
reducing stress concentration between cam and roller follower. Future work can be
carried out on other ways to reduce stress concentration between them. Full
optimization is beyond the scope of this paper.
9. Aniket Raje
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 123 editor@iaeme.com
5. GLOSSARY
The terms and abbreviations used in the calculations are as follows,
Term Meaning Unit
h Length of Stroke m
m Mass of follower kg
N Number of revolutions RPM
Angle of turn Degrees
y Distance travelled m
Angle of stroke Degrees
v Velocity of stroke m/s
Angular velocity Rad/s
a Acceleration of stroke m/s2
Pressure angle Degrees
Rp Prime circle radius m
Rr Roller radius m
Pitch Point angle Degrees
Pitch point follower displacement m
Ra Pitch circle radius m
Radius m
FR Resultant force N
g Acceleration due to m/s2
PN Normal force acting on cam surface N
E Young’s modulus N/mm2
b Width of cam m
REFERENCES
[1] V.B. Bhandari, Machine Design, (McGraw Hill Education, India, 2013)
[2] PSG College of Technology, Design Data Book, (Kalaikathir Achchagam, India:
Coimbatore, 2014)
[3] R S Khurmi, J K Gupta, Theory of Machines, (S Chand, India, 2014)
[4] Luxology, LLC, Solidworks 2015
[5] SAS IP, Inc, ANSYS® Workbench™ 15.0.7
[6] Raghavendra Nilugal and Dr. M. S. Hebbal, A Closed-Form Solution For Stress
Concentration Around A Circular Hole In A Linearly Varying Stress Field,
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 4(5), 2013,
pp. 37 – 48.
[7] Aniket Raje, Bikramjeet Singh, Ronak Churai and Pranav Borwankar, A Review
of Tesla Turbine, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and
Technology, 6(10), 2015, pp. 28 - 31.