The Geotechnical Properties of Jamshoro Soil (Shale) With CementIJMREMJournal
The geology of Jamshoro soil is nearly consist of multilayers in alternative form. The alternative layer of
Jamshoro soil occur in the form of lime stone and shale or vice versa. The basic aim of this research is to improve
the geotechnical properties of Jamshoro soil (shale) by using the cement as the stabilized material. This paper
reports the effect of cement on the geotechnical characteristic of the cohesive soil and swelling potential of the
Jamshoro soil. The soil sample used for testing purpose are thoroughly mixed to obtain the homogeneity. After
that thoroughly mixed was dried in the oven. Oven dried sample was mixed with cement at different proportion
that was 5% ,10%, 15% and 20% by the soil weight. Water content used in the mixture to form the specimens at
optimum moisture contents of the soil. The compacted this prepared soil specimen was done by followed the
procedure of standard proctor test. Compacted specimens were cured for the period of 1, 7, 14 and 28 days. After
the completion of curing duration of specimen direct shear test was done. On the base of experimental result, it
was concluded that the cement showed an appreciable improvement of the cohesion with the curing period.
Effect of Irradiated Crumb Rubber on Rubberized Concrete Propertiestheijes
The objective of this paper is to study the effect of irradiation crumb rubber on the mechanical properties of rubberized concrete. An experimental model was carried out on 30 standard cubes to determine how some properties of rubberized concrete affected by the two percents (30% and 70%) of irradiated treated crumb rubber content as a sand replacement. The Scanning Electron Microscopy for irradiated rubber powder, the ultimate compressive strength and nondestructive tests for rubberized concrete with slump, wet and dry densities and absorption tests were performed. The irradiation process was achieved by gamma ray in air medium with a source of Co-60 radiation unit and dose rate 0.3kGy/h with a total absorbed dose of 70kGy. The experimental results had been recorded a noticeable reduction in the ultimate compressive strength of rubberized concrete relative to normal concrete. The reduction percent increases as the rubber content increases. While the tested results indicated a significant improvement in term of ultimate compressive concrete strength with irradiation rubber powder of 30% by weight of sand replacement relative to one without irradiation. This evidence is proved by both destructive and nondestructive tests. The irradiated rubber particle zooming image at Scanning Electron Macroscopy level before mixing with concrete ingredients proved a significantly surface modification. While, the rubberized concrete failure surface at macroscopic level recorded a bond enhancement. The study leads to conclusion it is possible to produce structural rubberized concrete with a irradiated treated rubberized powder and still maintaining the other excellent properties in term of weight and impact resistance
Madura is one of the island that has a huge material potential. However, this island
still use material from Java for road infrastructure development. Road pavement is
needed to be as an infrastructure for social relationships, economic and culture. PT.
Hanil Jaya Steel as the steel smelting factory is the one of industrial company around
Surabaya that produce slag waste, the use of slag waste for minimalize buildup that
brings negative effect in environment. Thus, this research is implemented the use slag
steel waste as a replacement of Madura gravel, the gravel and sand will be taken from
Bangkalan. This study aimed to investigate the gravel’s influence of Bangkalan and
slag characteristic on asphalt concrete mixture. Experimental method is conducted in
this study by using the experiment to obtain the result, hence, the use of slag steel gravel
on asphalt concrete construction can be various with slag levels; 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%,
40% and 50%. SNI procedure will be followed while checking Madura’s aggregate,
slag aggregate and the asphalt. The result of examination and analysis of asphalt
concrete mixture characteristic using the variation level of slag steel gravel is shown
performance improvement of asphalt concrete mixture. The stability result of asphalt
level shows 6 % as the highest score, 5 % asphalt level of durability as the highest
score, 5.5 % asphalt level of Marshall Quotient as the highest score. By using 40mm
thickness and ± 3 mm tolerance as the footing layer
The Geotechnical Properties of Jamshoro Soil (Shale) With CementIJMREMJournal
The geology of Jamshoro soil is nearly consist of multilayers in alternative form. The alternative layer of
Jamshoro soil occur in the form of lime stone and shale or vice versa. The basic aim of this research is to improve
the geotechnical properties of Jamshoro soil (shale) by using the cement as the stabilized material. This paper
reports the effect of cement on the geotechnical characteristic of the cohesive soil and swelling potential of the
Jamshoro soil. The soil sample used for testing purpose are thoroughly mixed to obtain the homogeneity. After
that thoroughly mixed was dried in the oven. Oven dried sample was mixed with cement at different proportion
that was 5% ,10%, 15% and 20% by the soil weight. Water content used in the mixture to form the specimens at
optimum moisture contents of the soil. The compacted this prepared soil specimen was done by followed the
procedure of standard proctor test. Compacted specimens were cured for the period of 1, 7, 14 and 28 days. After
the completion of curing duration of specimen direct shear test was done. On the base of experimental result, it
was concluded that the cement showed an appreciable improvement of the cohesion with the curing period.
Effect of Irradiated Crumb Rubber on Rubberized Concrete Propertiestheijes
The objective of this paper is to study the effect of irradiation crumb rubber on the mechanical properties of rubberized concrete. An experimental model was carried out on 30 standard cubes to determine how some properties of rubberized concrete affected by the two percents (30% and 70%) of irradiated treated crumb rubber content as a sand replacement. The Scanning Electron Microscopy for irradiated rubber powder, the ultimate compressive strength and nondestructive tests for rubberized concrete with slump, wet and dry densities and absorption tests were performed. The irradiation process was achieved by gamma ray in air medium with a source of Co-60 radiation unit and dose rate 0.3kGy/h with a total absorbed dose of 70kGy. The experimental results had been recorded a noticeable reduction in the ultimate compressive strength of rubberized concrete relative to normal concrete. The reduction percent increases as the rubber content increases. While the tested results indicated a significant improvement in term of ultimate compressive concrete strength with irradiation rubber powder of 30% by weight of sand replacement relative to one without irradiation. This evidence is proved by both destructive and nondestructive tests. The irradiated rubber particle zooming image at Scanning Electron Macroscopy level before mixing with concrete ingredients proved a significantly surface modification. While, the rubberized concrete failure surface at macroscopic level recorded a bond enhancement. The study leads to conclusion it is possible to produce structural rubberized concrete with a irradiated treated rubberized powder and still maintaining the other excellent properties in term of weight and impact resistance
Madura is one of the island that has a huge material potential. However, this island
still use material from Java for road infrastructure development. Road pavement is
needed to be as an infrastructure for social relationships, economic and culture. PT.
Hanil Jaya Steel as the steel smelting factory is the one of industrial company around
Surabaya that produce slag waste, the use of slag waste for minimalize buildup that
brings negative effect in environment. Thus, this research is implemented the use slag
steel waste as a replacement of Madura gravel, the gravel and sand will be taken from
Bangkalan. This study aimed to investigate the gravel’s influence of Bangkalan and
slag characteristic on asphalt concrete mixture. Experimental method is conducted in
this study by using the experiment to obtain the result, hence, the use of slag steel gravel
on asphalt concrete construction can be various with slag levels; 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%,
40% and 50%. SNI procedure will be followed while checking Madura’s aggregate,
slag aggregate and the asphalt. The result of examination and analysis of asphalt
concrete mixture characteristic using the variation level of slag steel gravel is shown
performance improvement of asphalt concrete mixture. The stability result of asphalt
level shows 6 % as the highest score, 5 % asphalt level of durability as the highest
score, 5.5 % asphalt level of Marshall Quotient as the highest score. By using 40mm
thickness and ± 3 mm tolerance as the footing layer
Comparative Study on Effect of Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash on Strength of Concreteijtsrd
The construction of concrete pavement is growing across the country due to its strength, durability, better serviceability & overall economy in long run. The need is to develop better quality pavement sections, which can bear heavy loads. This can be achieved by using high compressive strength concrete (>40MPa) made up of hydraulic cement having fine & course aggregates. In the work embodied construction work is done with the help of wastage from industry. Fly ash is a by-product of burned coal from thermal plants and Rice husk ash is the by-product of burned rice husk from paper plant. Considerably Fly ash and Rice husk ash are used as supplementary cementing materials to improve the properties of cement concrete. The present study is done to develop pavement quality concrete by partially replacement cement with Fly Ash & Rice Husk Ash. The aim of study is to compare the strength characterises of pavement concrete which as achieved by concrete mixtures. The work done in this study shows the effects on the behaviour of concrete produced from cement with combination of FA and RHA at different proportions on the mechanical properties of concrete such as compressive strength, flexural strength. The replacement of cement were done at three levels is 10%, 20% and 30% with both Fly ash & Rice husk ash as well as combination of both Fly ash and Rice husk ash. The tests on hardened concrete were destructive in nature which includes compressive test on cube for size (150 x 150 x 150 mm) at 7 and 28 days of curing as per IS: 516 1959, Flexural strength on beam (150 x 150 x700 mm) at 28 days of curing as per IS: 516 1959. The samples were prepared with different water-cement ratio as 0.30, 0.35 & 0.40 for flexure design i.e. 5.5 MPa, 5.0 MPa & 4.5 MPa respectively. The result so obtained showed that it is possible to achieve saving in cement if replacement is done. The study proves to be beneficial in area where traffic load is less, also will use wastage released from thermal plants & rice mills also reduces economy as this materials is easily available. The waste material from industries is in bulk amount, as lesser amount of these used as supplementary cementing materials so these can be used as filling soil in subgrade of highway pavement. Mir Fairoz Akhter | Faiyaz Azam | Dr. Asif Hussain"Comparative Study on Effect of Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash on Strength of Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18169.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/18169/comparative-study-on-effect-of-fly-ash-and-rice-husk-ash-on-strength-of-concrete/mir-fairoz-akhter
Abstract This state of art review represents the development in the field of utilization of used foundry sand in cementitious concrete. The paper reviews the utilization of foundry sand as the concrete constituent and the noticeable and important findings from the experimental works of various researchers. The historical development is also discussed as a part of introduction in the review. After a careful study of large number of research papers on the topic it was felt by the authors to integrate all the important results for streamlining the potential of this area of research. The paper summarizes conclusions of experiments conducted for the properties like strength and durability. It was observed the results have shown positive changes and improvement in strength and durability properties of the conventional cementitious concrete due to the addition or replacement of fine sand with used foundry sand in different proportions. However in couple of cases such addition has reported reduction in the values of properties. From the review of past research works it could be concluded that utilizing the used foundry sand holds a great potential towards the development of environment friendly and sustainable cementitious concretes. Key Words: foundry waste, foundry sand, concrete, strength, durability, utilization
Strength behaviour of foundry sand on modified high strength concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract Metal foundries use a large amount of sand as part of the metal casting process. Foundry industries generally recycle and reuse the used foundry sand many times in casting process. When the sand can no longer be reused in the foundry, it is removed from the foundry and is termed as "foundry waste sand." Like many waste products, foundry sand has beneficial applications to other industries. A mixture of silica sand coated with a thin film of burnt carbon and residual binder with traces of dust is termed as foundry sand. From the previous available literature it was found that replacement of sand by foundry sand by certain initial percentages gives a marginal increase in hardened properties of normal strength concrete. In the present work, fine aggregate is replaced by foundry sand with percentages and tests were performed for hardened properties of modified high strength concrete for all replacement levels. Keywords: Waste Foundry Sand, physical properties, chemical properties, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength
Utilization of Foundry Waste Sand in the Preparation of Concreteiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Experimental studies on laterite soil stabilized with cement and aggregateeSAT Journals
Abstract The subgrade must be able to support loads transmitted from pavement structure without excessive deformation under adverse climatic and traffic conditions to increase the life of the pavement. It is a well known fact that, all soils do not possess all the desirable qualities for using it as good quality pavement material. When such soils cannot be replaced, its subgrade performance should be increased by several modification techniques. The place where ground water table is high, the strength of subgrade is adversely affected by moisture infiltration to subgrade and base due to capillary action. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the use of low contents of cement and aggregate in the modification of a lateritic soil properties concerning the behavior of mixtures to use in the base construction. In the present study an effort is made to obtain the optimum dosage of cement for stabilization of locally available lateritic soil. The study incorporates investigations on basic properties of soil. Then the investigations are carried out to study the effect of addition of 10 mm down aggregates to the soil properties added in addition to the obtained optimum cement content to evaluate the extent of modification on MDD, OMC and CBR of the soil. The experimental investigations shown that there is a tremendous increase in the CBR value of the soil treated with cement-aggregate modification. After conducting all the tests see whether it’s strength is suitable for base coarse. In addition, the field cost analysis is also made to compare the cost of construction for various modifications used. Keywords: lateritic soil 1, Cement 2, Aggregates3, Stabilization4 and CBR5
To Study the Behavior of Fresh and Hardened Concrete by Using Waste Rubber as...ijtsrd
This report presents a study on the effect of partial replacement of coarse aggregates by rubber tyre aggregates on the property of concrete. Utilizing the waste rubber tyers in the form of aggregates as reinforcement in the concrete solve the problem of disposing the waste and increase the flexural strength of concrete. Different tests were conducted on the concrete with varying percentage of rubber tyre aggregates and comparing those results with normal concrete. Data presented includes workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexure tensile strength and flexibility. This report describes an experimental study on mixing rubber aggregates with concrete at different mixing ratios (0, 5, 10, and 15) % by weight of coarse aggregates. The tests conducted were workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexure tensile strength. Though there is decrease in compressive strength, workability, split tensile strength, flexural strength and flexibility get increased. Taweel Awzal | Masoom Raza"To Study the Behavior of Fresh and Hardened Concrete by Using Waste Rubber as Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregates" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2411.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/2411/to-study-the-behavior-of-fresh-and-hardened-concrete-by-using-waste-rubber-as-partial-replacement-of-coarse-aggregates/taweel-awzal
Performance evaluation of cold recycling experimental stretch constructed wit...eSAT Journals
Abstract The bituminous pavement rehabilitation alternatives are mainly overlaying, recycling and reconstruction. In the recycling process the material from deteriorated pavement, known as reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), is partially or fully reused and it is a valuable approach for technical, economical, and environmental reasons. Full Depth Reclamation (FDR) is one of the cold methods of recycling the bituminous pavements. In this study an experimental stretch is selected for FDR in which the full flexible pavement section and a predetermined portion of the underlying materials are milled and remixed with about 10 % of 10 mm down size aggregate and 30 % stone dust to match the Bituminous Concrete (BC) Grade-I mix limits and known quantity of RBI 81 stabilizer. Stabilization of RAP material with RBI grade 81 reduces the requirement of new materials, time of construction and increases the strength of the road. This report consist of a case study of road constructed at Jnanabharathi campus, Banglore University, which include assessment of existing pavement condition and the preparation of pavement surface for the construction of stabilized layer and construction aspects of pavement using RAP material stabilized with RBI grade 81. The report also presents results of some short term functional and structural condition studies on the study stretch. From the limited studies carried out it is concluded the RAP material can be used effectively by the stabilization with RBI grade 81. From the field studies it is concluded that the strength of the pavement increases with increase in RBI grade 81 dosages. Keywords: Stabilization of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP), RBI Grade 81, Full Depth Reclamation, Cold in Place Recycling (CIR).
Effect of Waste Foundry Sand on Durability Properties of ConcreteIEI GSC
Presentation on Effect of Waste Foundry Sand on Durability Properties of Concrete by Tirth Doshi guided by Dr Urmil Dave & Prof Tejas Joshi at #33NCCE 33rd National Convention of Civil Engineers at #IEIGSC
Durability Study of Concrete using Foundry Waste Sandijtsrd
Due to ever increasing quantities of waste substances and industrial by products, strong waste management is the high concern in the world. This experimental investigation was performed to consider the energy and sturdiness homes of M20 grades of concrete mixes, in which natural sand was once partial changed with waste foundry sand WFS . Natural sand used to be changed with five percentage 0 , 5 , 10 , 15 and 20 of WFS with the aid of weight. A complete of ten concrete mix proportions M 1, M 2, M three and M 4 for M20 grade of concrete with and except WFS have been developed. Compression test, splitting tensile power test and modulus of elasticity have been carried out to evaluate the energy homes of concrete at the age of 7 and 28 days. S. Gopinath | M. Arun "Durability Study of Concrete using Foundry Waste Sand" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30958.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/30958/durability-study-of-concrete-using-foundry-waste-sand/s-gopinath
Comparative Study on Effect of Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash on Strength of Concreteijtsrd
The construction of concrete pavement is growing across the country due to its strength, durability, better serviceability & overall economy in long run. The need is to develop better quality pavement sections, which can bear heavy loads. This can be achieved by using high compressive strength concrete (>40MPa) made up of hydraulic cement having fine & course aggregates. In the work embodied construction work is done with the help of wastage from industry. Fly ash is a by-product of burned coal from thermal plants and Rice husk ash is the by-product of burned rice husk from paper plant. Considerably Fly ash and Rice husk ash are used as supplementary cementing materials to improve the properties of cement concrete. The present study is done to develop pavement quality concrete by partially replacement cement with Fly Ash & Rice Husk Ash. The aim of study is to compare the strength characterises of pavement concrete which as achieved by concrete mixtures. The work done in this study shows the effects on the behaviour of concrete produced from cement with combination of FA and RHA at different proportions on the mechanical properties of concrete such as compressive strength, flexural strength. The replacement of cement were done at three levels is 10%, 20% and 30% with both Fly ash & Rice husk ash as well as combination of both Fly ash and Rice husk ash. The tests on hardened concrete were destructive in nature which includes compressive test on cube for size (150 x 150 x 150 mm) at 7 and 28 days of curing as per IS: 516 1959, Flexural strength on beam (150 x 150 x700 mm) at 28 days of curing as per IS: 516 1959. The samples were prepared with different water-cement ratio as 0.30, 0.35 & 0.40 for flexure design i.e. 5.5 MPa, 5.0 MPa & 4.5 MPa respectively. The result so obtained showed that it is possible to achieve saving in cement if replacement is done. The study proves to be beneficial in area where traffic load is less, also will use wastage released from thermal plants & rice mills also reduces economy as this materials is easily available. The waste material from industries is in bulk amount, as lesser amount of these used as supplementary cementing materials so these can be used as filling soil in subgrade of highway pavement. Mir Fairoz Akhter | Faiyaz Azam | Dr. Asif Hussain"Comparative Study on Effect of Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash on Strength of Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18169.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/18169/comparative-study-on-effect-of-fly-ash-and-rice-husk-ash-on-strength-of-concrete/mir-fairoz-akhter
Abstract This state of art review represents the development in the field of utilization of used foundry sand in cementitious concrete. The paper reviews the utilization of foundry sand as the concrete constituent and the noticeable and important findings from the experimental works of various researchers. The historical development is also discussed as a part of introduction in the review. After a careful study of large number of research papers on the topic it was felt by the authors to integrate all the important results for streamlining the potential of this area of research. The paper summarizes conclusions of experiments conducted for the properties like strength and durability. It was observed the results have shown positive changes and improvement in strength and durability properties of the conventional cementitious concrete due to the addition or replacement of fine sand with used foundry sand in different proportions. However in couple of cases such addition has reported reduction in the values of properties. From the review of past research works it could be concluded that utilizing the used foundry sand holds a great potential towards the development of environment friendly and sustainable cementitious concretes. Key Words: foundry waste, foundry sand, concrete, strength, durability, utilization
Strength behaviour of foundry sand on modified high strength concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract Metal foundries use a large amount of sand as part of the metal casting process. Foundry industries generally recycle and reuse the used foundry sand many times in casting process. When the sand can no longer be reused in the foundry, it is removed from the foundry and is termed as "foundry waste sand." Like many waste products, foundry sand has beneficial applications to other industries. A mixture of silica sand coated with a thin film of burnt carbon and residual binder with traces of dust is termed as foundry sand. From the previous available literature it was found that replacement of sand by foundry sand by certain initial percentages gives a marginal increase in hardened properties of normal strength concrete. In the present work, fine aggregate is replaced by foundry sand with percentages and tests were performed for hardened properties of modified high strength concrete for all replacement levels. Keywords: Waste Foundry Sand, physical properties, chemical properties, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength
Utilization of Foundry Waste Sand in the Preparation of Concreteiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Experimental studies on laterite soil stabilized with cement and aggregateeSAT Journals
Abstract The subgrade must be able to support loads transmitted from pavement structure without excessive deformation under adverse climatic and traffic conditions to increase the life of the pavement. It is a well known fact that, all soils do not possess all the desirable qualities for using it as good quality pavement material. When such soils cannot be replaced, its subgrade performance should be increased by several modification techniques. The place where ground water table is high, the strength of subgrade is adversely affected by moisture infiltration to subgrade and base due to capillary action. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the use of low contents of cement and aggregate in the modification of a lateritic soil properties concerning the behavior of mixtures to use in the base construction. In the present study an effort is made to obtain the optimum dosage of cement for stabilization of locally available lateritic soil. The study incorporates investigations on basic properties of soil. Then the investigations are carried out to study the effect of addition of 10 mm down aggregates to the soil properties added in addition to the obtained optimum cement content to evaluate the extent of modification on MDD, OMC and CBR of the soil. The experimental investigations shown that there is a tremendous increase in the CBR value of the soil treated with cement-aggregate modification. After conducting all the tests see whether it’s strength is suitable for base coarse. In addition, the field cost analysis is also made to compare the cost of construction for various modifications used. Keywords: lateritic soil 1, Cement 2, Aggregates3, Stabilization4 and CBR5
To Study the Behavior of Fresh and Hardened Concrete by Using Waste Rubber as...ijtsrd
This report presents a study on the effect of partial replacement of coarse aggregates by rubber tyre aggregates on the property of concrete. Utilizing the waste rubber tyers in the form of aggregates as reinforcement in the concrete solve the problem of disposing the waste and increase the flexural strength of concrete. Different tests were conducted on the concrete with varying percentage of rubber tyre aggregates and comparing those results with normal concrete. Data presented includes workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexure tensile strength and flexibility. This report describes an experimental study on mixing rubber aggregates with concrete at different mixing ratios (0, 5, 10, and 15) % by weight of coarse aggregates. The tests conducted were workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexure tensile strength. Though there is decrease in compressive strength, workability, split tensile strength, flexural strength and flexibility get increased. Taweel Awzal | Masoom Raza"To Study the Behavior of Fresh and Hardened Concrete by Using Waste Rubber as Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregates" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2411.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/2411/to-study-the-behavior-of-fresh-and-hardened-concrete-by-using-waste-rubber-as-partial-replacement-of-coarse-aggregates/taweel-awzal
Performance evaluation of cold recycling experimental stretch constructed wit...eSAT Journals
Abstract The bituminous pavement rehabilitation alternatives are mainly overlaying, recycling and reconstruction. In the recycling process the material from deteriorated pavement, known as reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), is partially or fully reused and it is a valuable approach for technical, economical, and environmental reasons. Full Depth Reclamation (FDR) is one of the cold methods of recycling the bituminous pavements. In this study an experimental stretch is selected for FDR in which the full flexible pavement section and a predetermined portion of the underlying materials are milled and remixed with about 10 % of 10 mm down size aggregate and 30 % stone dust to match the Bituminous Concrete (BC) Grade-I mix limits and known quantity of RBI 81 stabilizer. Stabilization of RAP material with RBI grade 81 reduces the requirement of new materials, time of construction and increases the strength of the road. This report consist of a case study of road constructed at Jnanabharathi campus, Banglore University, which include assessment of existing pavement condition and the preparation of pavement surface for the construction of stabilized layer and construction aspects of pavement using RAP material stabilized with RBI grade 81. The report also presents results of some short term functional and structural condition studies on the study stretch. From the limited studies carried out it is concluded the RAP material can be used effectively by the stabilization with RBI grade 81. From the field studies it is concluded that the strength of the pavement increases with increase in RBI grade 81 dosages. Keywords: Stabilization of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP), RBI Grade 81, Full Depth Reclamation, Cold in Place Recycling (CIR).
Effect of Waste Foundry Sand on Durability Properties of ConcreteIEI GSC
Presentation on Effect of Waste Foundry Sand on Durability Properties of Concrete by Tirth Doshi guided by Dr Urmil Dave & Prof Tejas Joshi at #33NCCE 33rd National Convention of Civil Engineers at #IEIGSC
Durability Study of Concrete using Foundry Waste Sandijtsrd
Due to ever increasing quantities of waste substances and industrial by products, strong waste management is the high concern in the world. This experimental investigation was performed to consider the energy and sturdiness homes of M20 grades of concrete mixes, in which natural sand was once partial changed with waste foundry sand WFS . Natural sand used to be changed with five percentage 0 , 5 , 10 , 15 and 20 of WFS with the aid of weight. A complete of ten concrete mix proportions M 1, M 2, M three and M 4 for M20 grade of concrete with and except WFS have been developed. Compression test, splitting tensile power test and modulus of elasticity have been carried out to evaluate the energy homes of concrete at the age of 7 and 28 days. S. Gopinath | M. Arun "Durability Study of Concrete using Foundry Waste Sand" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30958.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/30958/durability-study-of-concrete-using-foundry-waste-sand/s-gopinath
I am professional in Oil and Energy industry with 15 years continuous experience in Instrumentation and Control as well as Training and Competency Development.
I am able to work in team environments, communicate, understand and work within the dynamics of a multi-functional, multi-cultural and multi-location environment.
In the recent years, the rapid growths of population and industrialization levels have been
resulted in increased for demand of transportation. In addition, this growth increases the traffic loads
which cause several pavement distresses such as rutting. Several trials were made to control
pavement rutting by mix enhancement. These trials were already limited pavement rutting, but on the
other hand showed pavement cracking as a result of lower flexibility for the modified pavements.
This study aims at investigating the effect of crumb rubber on the characteristics of asphalt mixes. To
achieve this objective, crumb rubber with different percentages of fine aggregate (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20,
24 and 28%) were used to manufacture the investigated asphalt mixes. Marshall designs were used to
obtain the optimum asphalt contents and the corresponding characteristics of the investigated mixes.
Other mix characteristics including Marshall stiffness, loss of stability, tensile strength as well as
rutting resistance were measured for the investigated mixes. Loss of stability test, indirect tensile test
(ITT) and wheel tracking test (WTT) were conducted to measure these characteristics. Analyzing the
study results showed that, the use of crumb rubber has a noticeable effect on the characteristics of
asphalt mixes. It is noticed that, the use of rubber percent up to 16% by weight of fine aggregate
increases the pavement resistance to cracking and does not greatly affect the pavement resistance to
rutting.
Modification of Asphalt by the Use of Crumb RubberIJERA Editor
Health aspects enforced to ponder a study on asphalt which incorporate rubber crumbs to increase strength and flexibility of asphalt. Disposal of waste tires is a menace and it’s a serious problem globally because it is not easily biodegradable as these tires consume large spaces, open burning cause serious problems. By the use of rubber tires, this scrap is utilized efficiently and reduces the cost of asphalt to produce economical system. The asphalt is absorbed by the rubber particles which swells at high temperature allowing greater concentration of liquid asphalt. The partial replacement of crumb rubber in asphalt is 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% (D05, D10, D15, and D20). The analysis of incorporated asphalt was done in hot mix asphalt. The generated results showed that the value for resilient modulus and creep stiffness is more as compared to the conventional asphalt and in the accumulated strain the values are much lesser which is positive approach.
Waste to Wealth; The Utilization of Scrap Tyre as Aggregate in Bituminous Mix...IJERA Editor
The problem associated with solid waste management is on the increase both in the industries, urban cities and
in the rural areas. In the United States of America, Asia and Europe, there are over hundreds of waste to wealth
combustion plants from where solid wastes are incinerated. In Nigeria, amidst the increasing importation of
vehicle tyre such plants are scarcely in existence to enhance generation of revenue from waste through the
extraction of raw material for the production of light weight aggregates, printing ink, paints, shoe polish, dry cell
and battery heads. This research paper seeks to utilize vehicle scrap tyre (VST) as aggregates in asphaltic
mixture by adopting the dry process to evaluate the effect of rubber-bitumen interaction on asphaltic concrete
properties; laboratory investigation using 4.75mm, 2.36mm and 0.600mm chunk tyre particle size modified
asphalt mixture containing 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% scrap tyre and 0% tyre content as control mixture. The
mixtures were subjected to Marshall Tests where the stability, flow, percentage air void, unit weight, void
mineral aggregate, height of specimen and specific gravity were determined. The results obtained shows that as
tyre percentage increase the stability, unit weight and specific gravity value decreases. On the other hand, as the
tyre content increases, the flow and height of specimen increases while as the tyre content increases the
percentage air void and VMA increased for 4.75mm Tyre Particle Size (TPS) and 2.36mm TPS while for
0.600mm TPS, reverse is the case. In summary and in comparism with standard specification for road
construction material, the Marshall tests conducted on the tyre modified specimens remained intact and by
interpretation; material possessing such property indicates good impact resistance when use as surface course in
flexible pavement. Conclusively, the use of 10% 4.75mm, 4% 2.36mm or 4% 0.600mm TPS by weight of
aggregate in asphaltic concrete is recommended for medium traffic volume pavement which in turn leads to a
considerable percentage of sanitation in our cities in terms of reduction in scrap tyre waste management and
waste to wealth generation.
Modifications of construction materials have an important bearing on the building sector. Several attempts have been therefore made in the building material industry to put to use waste material products, e.g., worn out tyres, into useful and cost effective items. Success in this regard will contribute to the reduction of waste material dumping problems by utilizing the waste materials as raw material for other products. The present proposal involves a comprehensive laboratory study for the newer application of this waste material in the preparation of fibrous concrete. The primary objective of investigation is to study the strength behavior i.e. compressive strength, impact resistance of rubberized concrete with rubber chips. Volume variation of rubber chips with replacement to course aggregate. The proposed work is aimed to study the effect of volume of rubber chips on the compressive strength. Chetak A. Waghmare | Dr. P. P. Saklecha | Prof. M. M. Lohe "Experimental Study on Rubberized Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43718.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/structural-engineering/43718/experimental-study-on-rubberized-concrete/chetak-a-waghmare
Utilisation of Waste Materials in the Construction Of RoadsIJERD Editor
Expansive soils are so widely spread that it becomes impossible to avoid them for highway construction to keep the network structure for mobility and accessibility. These soils are prevalent as large tracts in many parts of the world. Many highway agencies, private organizations and researchers are doing extensive studies on waste materials and research projects concerning the feasibility and environmental suitability. It is necessary to utilize the waste affectively with technical development in each field. Cyclic plate load tests were carried out on the tracks with optimum percentage of reinforcement materials like waste plastics and waste tyre rubber in gravel/flyash subbase laid on expansive subgrade. Test results show that maximum load carrying capacity associated with less value of rebound deflection is obtained for gravel/flyash reinforced subbase compared to unreinforced subbase.
Design and Evaluation of Open Graded Hot Mix Asphalt Using Cement as A Grouti...IJMREMJournal
Road networks ought to be efficiently designed to be safe, speedy and loading sustaining as it has a significant
importance in country’s development. For that, pavement should be designed efficiently to exhibit better
strength, durability and economical at the same time. Generally, a pavement is classified as Flexible or Rigid.
Flexible pavement is opened early to traffic, has good riding quality and ease of maintenance but owing to heavy
loading conditions these pavements are more susceptible to wear and tear. On the contrary rigid pavement is
load sustaining, durable but having higher construction cost and poor riding quality. World is heading to semirigid
pavement which exhibits characteristics of both these pavements. It is the combination of cement concrete
and porous asphalt concrete which is achieved by leaving 25% to 30% air voids infused by cement grouts and is
known as Semi-rigid pavement.In this research, semi-rigid pavement was designed using ratio of grout of
optimum mix was 1:0.55 at water cement ratio by 2% of cement dosage with SP. Study concludes that, Semirigid
pavement’s Marshall stability of 7 days was almost 85% of rigid pavement and 28 days compressive
strength of semi-rigid pavement was almost 30.5% that of rigid pavement. Besides, it has been ensured that 7
days strength is comparable to 28 days strength of Semi-rigid pavement
Design and Evaluation of Open Graded Hot Mix Asphalt Using Cement as A Grout...IJMREMJournal
Road networks ought to be efficiently designed to be safe, speedy and loading sustaining as it has a significant importance in country’s development. For that, pavement should be designed efficiently to exhibit better strength, durability and economical at the same time. Generally, a pavement is classified as Flexible or Rigid. Flexible pavement is opened early to traffic, has good riding quality and ease of maintenance but owing to heavy loading conditions these pavements are more susceptible to wear and tear. On the contrary rigid pavement is load sustaining, durable but having higher construction cost and poor riding quality. World is heading to semirigid pavement which exhibits characteristics of both these pavements. It is the combination of cement concrete and porous asphalt concrete which is achieved by leaving 25% to 30% air voids infused by cement grouts and is known as Semi-rigid pavement.In this research, semi-rigid pavement was designed using ratio of grout of optimum mix was 1:0.55 at water cement ratio by 2% of cement dosage with SP. Study concludes that, Semirigid pavement’s Marshall stability of 7 days was almost 85% of rigid pavement and 28 days compressive strength of semi-rigid pavement was almost 30.5% that of rigid pavement. Besides, it has been ensured that 7 days strength is comparable to 28 days strength of Semi-rigid pavement.
Investigation of behaviour of concrete on adding crumbAbhimanyu Saraswat
Concrete is the basic ingredient for all types of construction. The current scenario of rapid urbanization and modernization, has resulted in escalated demand for aggregates, sand, water and cement. This demand has been met by causing extra burden on the environment. This thesis was an noble attempt to reduce that burden by replacing sand by "Crumb Rubber".
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
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Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
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Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
2. D.B. Eme and T.C. Nwofor
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 2 editor@iaeme.com
1. INTRODUCTION
As population grow, so do the volume of waste and by-product materials generated.
Attempts are still been made by various organizations and researchers to find methods
for effectives utilization of waste materials which also includes efforts to the
application of some of the waste products in highway construction. The construction
of highway pavements requires large volume of materials hence highway agencies
have become participants in these recycling efforts. Experience and knowledge
regarding the use of these materials differ from material to material hence to recover
these materials for potential use, engineers and researchers need to be aware of the
properties of the materials, how they can be used and what limitations may be
associated with their use. Every year, an estimated eight hundred and fifty thousand
(850,000) scrap tyres are generated and carelessly discarded in Nigeria, resulting in
serious waste disposal problems, [1].
The introduction of scrap tyre rubber into asphalt concrete production has the
potential to solve this waste problem as has been effectively carried out in the
production of most construction materials, [2-7]. The use of scrap tyre-rubber as an
additive for asphalt concrete has been developing for over thirty years, where it was
generally observed that the benefits outweighs the higher cost of the conventionally
produced asphaltic concrete material, especially on some highways with peculiar
problems, [8-9].
The basic contribution made in this study is to find out the optimum effect of the
substitution of the aggregates for asphalt concrete production with locally available
scrap tyre on the standard strength parameters.
2. MATERIALS AND METHOD
The aggregates were collected from crush rock Nigerian Limited in Rivers State,
Nigeria. This source was chosen because of its proximity. The aggregates supplied
consisted of 9.5mm granite chippings and 0.5mm quarry sand.
The scrap tyres used in this research were collected from a scrap tyre dump along
Anozie street, Diobu, in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. These tyres were cleaned through
washing with water and then dried. The clean tyres were shredded into sections freed
from steel breeds and later the sections were cut into small pieces with aid of knives
and hacksaw. The shredded tyres were also grinded using electric grinding machine
which reduced them into rubber particles and synthetic fibre mixture. The mixture
was then sieved and rubber particles retained on 4.75mm, 2.36mm and 0.600mm
sieves were collected.
Bitumen is a viscous liquid consisting essentially of hydrocarbons and their
derivates. The bitumen used in this research was collected from the building material
market Mile III, Diobu, Port Harcourt.
2.1. Sample Preparation
The following tests were used in the classification and preparation of the samples.
2.1.1 Sieve Analysis
The sieve analysis was carried out in accordance with BS1377:1975 – methods of
tests for soils for Civil Engineering purposes. The gradation requirement used in this
3. Investigating The Marshall Stability Requirements of Asphalt Concrete Mix with Ground
Scrap Tyres as Aggregate
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research was for Asphalt Institute Mix No. IV(a), in order to meet the specification
requirement of 49% granite chippings and 51% of quarry sand.
2.1.2 Specific Gravity
The specific gravity test was carried out in accordance with BS1377:1975 methods of
test for soils for Civil Engineering purposes. Close values 2.66 and 2.57 were
obtained for granite chippings and Quarry sand respectively, while the ground scrap
tyre specimens gave specific gravity values of 1.11, 1.16 and 0.96 for rubber particle
sizes of 4.75, 2.36 and 0.6mm respectively which also indicates their light weight.
2.1.3 LOS Angles Abrasion and Aggregate Crushing Test
This test is used for measuring the abrasion resistance of aggregates. The top layer of
a pavement gets abraded due to the movement of tyres. A material which has high
abrasion resistance has a long life. The LOS Angles Abrasion test was carried out in
accordance with AASHTO-T96. Also one of the modes in which a pavement material
can fail is by crushing under severe stresses. A test devised to express the crushing
strength is the aggregate crushing test. The test consists of subjecting the aggregate
specimen in a standard mould to a compression test under standard loading
conditions. The aggregate crushing test was carried out in accordance with BS1377
:(1975). The granite chippings gave a Los Angeles abrasion value of 31.19% and
aggregate crushing value of 36.80%. From the specification recommended in
Emesiobi [10], the granite chipping is adequate for use in asphalt concrete mix.
2.1.4. Penetration Test
The penetration of bitumen is defined as the distance in tenths of a millimeter that
a standard needle will penetrate into the bitumen under a load of 100g applied in five
seconds at 250
C. The higher the penetration, the softer is the bitumen. It is used for
classifying bitumen into standard grade. The bitumen test was carried out in
accordance with AASHTO-T49. The bitumen gave a penetration of 63pen. The result
indicates that the bitumen used is a 60/70 grade bitumen which is adequate for use in
hot mix asphaltic concrete in tropical climate.
2.2. Mix Design
The mix was designed as dense graded with 100% passing the 12.5mm sieve using
the Asphalt institute IV (a) specification. The aggregates were blended using the
Rothfuch’s method. The control mix with no chunk or crumb rubber was designed
and the amount of rubber used in the mixes varied from 2% to 10% by weight of the
granite chippings for scrap tyre rubber particles retained on sieves 4.75mm and
2.36mm and quarry sand for rubber particles retained on 0.600mm sieve.
2.3. Specimen Preparation and Testing Method
The method adopted in preparing the test specimens was the same as that
recommended for Marshall test specimens by Emesiobi [10] in accordance with
ASTMD 1559. The basic test carried out in the laboratory was the Marshall Stability
test. Marshall Stability values which are maximum load at failure and their
corresponding flows were recorded. Also values of stability flow air void, unit weight
and aggregate voids filled with binder (VMA) against bitumen content were also
obtained. During the test procedure an optimum bitumen content of 6.22%
(corresponding to the average of the maximum stability, average air voids of 3-5%
4. D.B. Eme and T.C. Nwofor
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and average maximum unit weight) was obtained. Thereafter the bitumen content
(optimum bitumen content) was fixed while the effect of other parameters was
investigated. The parameters such as scrap tyre rubber particle sizes and rubber
content of the hot-mix asphaltic concrete were varied. The mix parameter chosen
were rubber particle sizes retained on 4.75mm, 2.36mm and 0.600mm sieves and
rubber content of mix from 2 to 10 percent by weight of granite chippings.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A total of 103 laboratory prepared Marshall specimens were made and tested. All of
the testing was conducted at the Civil Engineering laboratory of the Rivers State
University of Science and Technology and in accordance with AASHTO and/or
ASTM procedure. Table 1 contains Marshall Test results from this study as a function
of rubber content and rubber particle size.
Table 1: Values of Marshall Stability test properties of asphaltic concrete.
Rubber
Content
(%)
Rubber
Particle
Size (mm)
Marshal
Stability
(kN)
Flow
(mm)
Air voids by
Total
Mixtures (%)
Unit
Weight
(kg/m3
)
Voids filled
with Bitumen
(VMA) (%)
Specific
Gravity
0 7.24 4.04 3.23 2.354 81.19 2.385
2
4.75 4.63 3.68 3.09 2.275 81.11 2.355
2.36 5.47 3.71 3.05 2.288 81.92 2.360
0.600 6.20 3.74 3.02 2.300 81.79 2.316
4
4.75 3.61 3.25 3.40 2.230 80.16 2.332
2.36 4.95 4.05 3.53 2.276 79.45 2.335
0.600 4.97 4.22 2.28 2.246 85.52 2.316
6
4.75 3.49 3.61 4.30 2.206 75.19 2.306
2.36 4.90 4.52 4.46 2.268 74.56 2.311
0.600 4.33 4.48 2.13 2.231 86.70 2.283
8
4.75 3.14 4.21 4.34 2.191 75.43 2.267
2.36 4.85 4.97 4.76 2.177 73.63 2.289
0.600 3.84 4.69 2.04 2.205 86.72 2.251
10
4.75 2.69 4.52 4.37 2.158 75.51 2.255
2.36 4.28 5.54 4.89 2.164 72.89 2.265
0.600 3.61 5.43 1.35 2.190 90.74 2.220
3.1. The Effect of Rubber Content on Marshall Stability
A study of Table 1 shows that at 0% rubber content, the stability was 7.24kN for
4.75mm rubber particle size. At 2% rubber content, the stability reduced to 4.63kN
while at 4% rubber content, the stability is 3.61 KN. When the rubber content was
increased from 6 to 10%, the stability reduced from 3.49kN to 2.69kN. With these
results it can be seen that Marshall stability decreases with increasing rubber content
of 4.75mm rubber particle size (RPS). This follows the normal trend when using the
dry process in mixing aggregates and ground scrap tyre rubber where similar trend
has also been reported that the Marshall stability of an asphalt aggregate-chunk rubber
mix would be lower than that of the control mix, [11-12]. Since rubber is not as hard
as the crushed stone aggregates, the rubber chunks tend to absorb some of the energy
5. Investigating The Marshall Stability Requirements of Asphalt Concrete Mix with Ground
Scrap Tyres as Aggregate
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 5 editor@iaeme.com
imparted, resulting in a weaker aggregate structure. The Marshall stability result
shows the same trend with the other two rubber particle size, see Table 1. It can also
be seen that as the rubber content increases from 2 to 10%, the Marshall stability
decreases from 6.20kN to 3.5lkN which is higher than 2.0KN which the minimum
stability for medium volume traffic roads, Emesiobi [10].
3.2. The Effect of Rubber Content on Flow
Observing Table 1 for the flow characteristic of the rubber modified asphaltic
concrete, it can be seen that as the rubber content is increased, the flow also increased.
The flow value for the control mix (0% rubber content) which was 4.04mm, reduced
to 3.68mm flow for 2% 4.75mm, rubber particle size (RPS) content. It starts to
increase to 3.71mm for 4% rubber content and as the rubber content increased from 6-
10 percent, the flow also increased to 4.52mm from 3.61mm. The results show trend
that would be expected for flow property and it is reported by Hossain et al (1996)
and Amirkhanian et al (1996). The same trend is noticed for 2.36mm RPS modified
asphaltic concrete because the flow value increased from 3.71mm to 5.54mm when
the rubber content was increased from 2 to 10 percent. Also the flow value increased
from 3.74mm to 5.43mm when 0.600mm RPS rubber content was increased from 2 to
10 percent. From the results gotten, it can be deduced that the addition of ground
scrap tyre rubber into asphaltic concrete using the dry process method generally
increase the flow value no matter the size of rubber used. Specimen produced with the
three different rubber particle sizes, within the range of rubber content tested have
their resulting flows falling within 5mm maximum specification for wearing courses
Emesiobi (2000) except 10% rubber content of 2.36mm and 0.600mm RPS.
3.3. The Effect of Rubber Content on Percentage Air Void
Table 1 gives the results of the effect of rubber on air voids of the mix. The control
mix (0% rubber content) gave an air void of 3.23% which meets the requirement for
medium volume traffic pavement as given by Asphalt institute. At 2%, 4.75mm RPS
content, the air void was 3.09%, at 4% rubber content the air void increased to 3.40%.
On further increase of rubber content from 6 to 10%, the air void increased also from
4.30 to 4.37 percent. The same trend was noticed for 2 36mm RPS , where 2% rubber
content gave an air void of 3.05% and it increased to 3.40% at 4% rubber content.
When the rubber content increased from 4-10 percent, the air void increased from
3.40-4.89%. The reverse was the case for 0.600mm RPS where at 2% rubber content,
the air void was 3.02% and when the rubber content increased to 10%, the air void
reduced to 1.35%. This follows the normal trend when using the wet process method
in asphalt concrete mix as was also reported by Roque etal., [13]. Referencing the
recommendation that percentage air voids for medium volume roads should range
between 3-5% Emesiobi [10], only specimens produced with 4 75mm, 2.36mm and
2% of 0.600mm RPS meet these specification.
3.4. The Effect of Rubber Content on Unit Weight
From Table 1, it can be seen that at 0% rubber content, the unit weight was
2.354kg/rn3
. When the rubber content increases from 2 to 10%, the unit weight
reduced from 2.275 to 2.158kg/m3
for 4.75mm RPS mix. The same trend was noticed
for 2.36mm RPS whose unit weight reduced from 2.288kg/rn3
to 2.164kg/rn3
when
the rubber content increased from 2 to 10% and also 0.600mm RPS mix whose unit
weight decreased from 2.300kg/rn3
to 2.190kg/m3
for the same increased rate in
6. D.B. Eme and T.C. Nwofor
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rubber content. The results show the trend that would be expected for the three
different rubber particle sizes and is also in agreement with Roque etal., [13].
3.5. The Effect of Rubber Content on Voids in Mineral Aggregate
The control mix gave a VMA value of 81.19% which meets the specification given by
Asphalt Institute. As ground rubber was added, the VMA generally decreased. At 2%
rubber content, the VMA was 81.11% for 4.75mm RPS which decreased to 75.43% at
8% rubber content. The same trend is noticed for 2.36mm RPS. While for the
0.600mm RPS the reverse was the case in which at 2% rubber content, VMA was
81.79% which increased to 90.74% as the rubber content increased to 10%. The result
of VMA for 4.75mm RPS and 2.36mm RPS follows the normal trend and is in
agreement with Hossain etal., [11].
3.6. The Effect of Rubber Content on Specific Gravity
It is generally expected that the specific gravity of the specimen will decreases as the
rubber content increases. From Table 1, at 0% rubber content, the specific gravity was
2.385 and decreased to 2.255, 2.265 and 2.220 for 4.75, 2.36 and 0.600mm RPS
respectively as the rubber content increased to 10%. This trend is as result of the
lightweight and low specific gravity of ground scrap tyre rubber as compared to the
conventional aggregates used.
4. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMEDATIONS
4.1. CONCLUSON
The following conclusion was drawn in this study:
1. The control specimen (i.e. 0% rubber content) produced higher stability value
compared to specimens containing various percentages of rubber. The stability
generally decreases as the rubber content increases and the lower the RPS, the
higher the stability.
2. The flow increases as the rubber content increases for the various RPS and there
is no set pattern between RPS and flow.
3. The percent air voids increases as rubber content increases for 4.75mm RPS and
2.36mm RPS. However, the same trend is not true for 0.600mm RPS.
4. As the rubber percentage increases, the unit weight decreases and there is no set
pattern for RPS.
5. The VMA decreases as the rubber content increases for 4.75mm RPS and
2.36mm RPS but for 0.600mm RPS where the VMA increases as the rubber
content increases. In general, the VMA increases as the RPS increases from
2.36mm to 4.75mm.
6. As the rubber percentage increases, the specific gravity decreases and there is no
set pattern for RPS.
4.2. RECOMMENDATIONS
1. The upper limit of 10% of 4.75mm RPS and 4% of 2.36mm and 0.600mm RPS
meets the design criteria for medium volume pavement surface. .
2. Other alternatives uses of scrap tyre rubber, not related to asphaltic concrete
should be studied, for example, use of rubber in producing lightweight concrete.
7. Investigating The Marshall Stability Requirements of Asphalt Concrete Mix with Ground
Scrap Tyres as Aggregate
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3. 0.600mm RPS modified asphaltic concrete is highly recommended for
intersections (high volume, slow moving traffic)
REFERENCES
[1] Aisien, F.A. & Anyata B.U. Comparative study of the effect of conditioning
environment on the mechanical properties of asphaltic concrete. Nigerian Journal
of Industrial and Systems Studies, 1, 2004, pp. 12-17
[2] Nwofor, T.C. & Eme, D.B. Stability of concrete work with partial substitute of
rice husk ash (RHA) for cement in Nigeria. Journal of Chemical, Mechanical and
Engineering Practice, 1(2&3), pp.42-47, 2010
[3] Sule, S. & Nwofor, T.C. Analytical models for prediction of mechanical
properties of rice husk ash concrete. International Journal of Current Research,
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[4] Nwofor, T.C. & Sule, S. Stability of groundnut shell ash (GSA)/ordinary Portland
cement (OPC) concrete in Nigeria. Advances in Applied Science Research, 3(4),
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[5] Nwofor, T.C. & Sule, S. Investigating geometric characteristics of cement
concrete materials. International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced
Engineering, 1(9), 2014, pp.74-82.
[6] Eme, D.B., Nwofor, T.C. & Umukoro, E.S. Stability of asphalt cement concrete
produced from waste plastics as replacement for aggregate. International Journal
of Civil Engineering and Technology, 6(5), 2015, pp 65-75.
[7] Robin, L.S. The use of recycled materials in highway construction. Journal of
Public Roads, 58(2), pp.1-4. 1994
[8] Heitzman, M. An overview of design and construction of asphalt paving material
with crumb rubber additives. Proceedings of Transportation Research Board,
Washington D.C., 71, 1992, pp. 2-7.
[9] Robert, N., Flexible pavement rehabilitation using asphalt rubber combinations.
Proceedings of Transportation Research Board, Washington D.C., pp. 213-223,
1988
[10] Emesiobi, F.C. Testing and quality control of materials in civil and highway
engineering. The Blueprint Publishers Limited, Nigeria, pp. 18-24, 2000
[11] Hossain, M., Sadeq, M., Funk, L. & Maag, R. A study of chunk rubber from
recycled tyres as a road construction material. Proceeding of Semi
sesquicentennial Transport Conference, pp.7-11, 1996
[12] Rahman, M.M., Airey, G.D. & Collop, A.C. The mechanical properties of the dry
process CRM asphalt mixtures following short-term and long-term ageing.
International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 14(4), pp. 344-354. 2003
[13] Roque, R., Birgisson, B., Drakos, C. & Sholar, G. Guildelines for use of modified
binders. Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida, 365
Weil Hall, Florida, pp.8-44, 2005