This document provides information about coaching classes offered by Khalid Aziz in Karachi, Pakistan. It lists the various qualifications and subjects covered, including commerce degrees, ACCA, CAT, ICAP, and O/A levels. Contact information is provided to join the classes, which claim to complete syllabi in 3 months and have over 12 years of experience. Coaching is offered for subjects like accounting, economics, business studies, and others. 100% results are claimed for 2011-2012.
IFRS 7 establishes disclosure requirements for financial instruments and was issued in August 2005, becoming effective in January 2007. It requires both qualitative and quantitative disclosures about the significance of financial instruments for an entity's financial position and performance, as well as the nature and extent of risks arising from financial instruments, including credit risk, liquidity risk, and market risk. The standard superseded disclosure requirements from IAS 30 and IAS 32, consolidating all financial instrument disclosure requirements into a single standard.
This standard provides guidance on disclosure requirements for financial instruments. It aims to enable users to understand the significance of financial instruments for an entity's financial position and performance, as well as the nature and extent of risks arising from financial instruments. Key disclosure requirements include information on classes of financial assets and liabilities, fair value measurements, credit risk, liquidity risk, market risk, and hedge accounting. The standard requires both qualitative and quantitative disclosures to provide a comprehensive picture of an entity's exposure to various risks from its use of financial instruments.
IFRS 7 requires financial institutions to disclose information about financial instruments and the risks arising from them. Disclosures must include:
1) Details of financial assets and liabilities by category on the statement of financial position.
2) Items of income, expense, gains and losses from financial instruments in the statement of comprehensive income.
3) Qualitative and quantitative information about credit, liquidity, and market risks.
IFRS 9 – What is the purpose of (Financial Reporting Standards) IFRS 9?Zabeel Institute
IFRS 9 is an International Financial Coverage Standard (IFRS) published by the International Audit Requirement Board (IASB). It includes 3 main subjects: category and measurement of economic tools, disability of financial properties, and hedge bookkeeping.
IFRS 7 prescribes disclosure requirements for entities regarding their financial instruments. It aims to provide transparency on the significance of financial instruments for an entity's financial position and performance, as well as the nature and extent of risks arising from financial instruments. The standard requires disclosures on the categories and amounts of financial instruments, gains/losses from these instruments, and qualitative and quantitative information on credit, liquidity, and market risks that the entity faces. Proper presentation of these extensive disclosures is important to provide useful information to financial statement users.
The document discusses accounting for foreign currency transactions and hedging under IAS 39. It covers determining functional currency, types of hedges, hedge documentation requirements, assessing hedge effectiveness, measuring ineffectiveness, and journal entries. Key steps include determining functional currency, type of hedge, documenting the hedge relationship, valuing derivatives, quantifying ineffectiveness, and preparing journal entries.
IAS 32: Presentation of Financial InstrumentsSohan Al Akbar
The document provides an overview of IAS 32 Presentation of Financial Instruments. It discusses the objectives of IAS 32 which are to establish principles for presenting financial instruments and provide definitions to distinguish between equity and liabilities. It also covers definitions of key terms like financial instrument, financial asset, financial liability, and equity instruments. Additionally, it addresses requirements around compound financial instruments, treasury shares, and offsetting financial assets and liabilities. The document aims to clarify the rules and principles in IAS 32 around the classification and presentation of different types of financial instruments.
IFRS 7 establishes disclosure requirements for financial instruments and was issued in August 2005, becoming effective in January 2007. It requires both qualitative and quantitative disclosures about the significance of financial instruments for an entity's financial position and performance, as well as the nature and extent of risks arising from financial instruments, including credit risk, liquidity risk, and market risk. The standard superseded disclosure requirements from IAS 30 and IAS 32, consolidating all financial instrument disclosure requirements into a single standard.
This standard provides guidance on disclosure requirements for financial instruments. It aims to enable users to understand the significance of financial instruments for an entity's financial position and performance, as well as the nature and extent of risks arising from financial instruments. Key disclosure requirements include information on classes of financial assets and liabilities, fair value measurements, credit risk, liquidity risk, market risk, and hedge accounting. The standard requires both qualitative and quantitative disclosures to provide a comprehensive picture of an entity's exposure to various risks from its use of financial instruments.
IFRS 7 requires financial institutions to disclose information about financial instruments and the risks arising from them. Disclosures must include:
1) Details of financial assets and liabilities by category on the statement of financial position.
2) Items of income, expense, gains and losses from financial instruments in the statement of comprehensive income.
3) Qualitative and quantitative information about credit, liquidity, and market risks.
IFRS 9 – What is the purpose of (Financial Reporting Standards) IFRS 9?Zabeel Institute
IFRS 9 is an International Financial Coverage Standard (IFRS) published by the International Audit Requirement Board (IASB). It includes 3 main subjects: category and measurement of economic tools, disability of financial properties, and hedge bookkeeping.
IFRS 7 prescribes disclosure requirements for entities regarding their financial instruments. It aims to provide transparency on the significance of financial instruments for an entity's financial position and performance, as well as the nature and extent of risks arising from financial instruments. The standard requires disclosures on the categories and amounts of financial instruments, gains/losses from these instruments, and qualitative and quantitative information on credit, liquidity, and market risks that the entity faces. Proper presentation of these extensive disclosures is important to provide useful information to financial statement users.
The document discusses accounting for foreign currency transactions and hedging under IAS 39. It covers determining functional currency, types of hedges, hedge documentation requirements, assessing hedge effectiveness, measuring ineffectiveness, and journal entries. Key steps include determining functional currency, type of hedge, documenting the hedge relationship, valuing derivatives, quantifying ineffectiveness, and preparing journal entries.
IAS 32: Presentation of Financial InstrumentsSohan Al Akbar
The document provides an overview of IAS 32 Presentation of Financial Instruments. It discusses the objectives of IAS 32 which are to establish principles for presenting financial instruments and provide definitions to distinguish between equity and liabilities. It also covers definitions of key terms like financial instrument, financial asset, financial liability, and equity instruments. Additionally, it addresses requirements around compound financial instruments, treasury shares, and offsetting financial assets and liabilities. The document aims to clarify the rules and principles in IAS 32 around the classification and presentation of different types of financial instruments.
This document provides an overview of IFRS 9: Financial Instruments. IFRS 9 addresses the classification and measurement of financial instruments, impairment of financial assets, and hedge accounting. The key topics covered in IFRS 9 include recognition and derecognition of financial instruments, classification of financial assets and liabilities, measurement of financial instruments, impairment of financial assets, embedded derivatives, and hedge accounting. IFRS 9 establishes principles for the financial reporting of financial assets and financial liabilities.
The document provides an introduction to accounting standards for financial instruments including MFRS 139, MFRS 132 and MFRS 7. It discusses key concepts such as recognition and measurement of financial assets and liabilities, classification and subsequent measurement of financial assets, and derecognition of financial assets and liabilities. The document also provides an overview of hedge accounting, describing the three types of hedges (fair value hedge, cash flow hedge and hedge of a net investment) and hedge accounting requirements. Examples are provided to illustrate journal entries for fair value hedge and cash flow hedge.
This document provides an overview of IFRS 11 - Joint Arrangements and Associates. It defines joint arrangements as arrangements where two or more parties have joint control based on a contractual agreement. Joint arrangements are classified as either a joint operation or a joint venture depending on the parties' rights and obligations. For a joint operation, parties account for their share of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses. For a joint venture, parties account for their interest as an investment using the equity method. Examples of each type of arrangement are also provided.
IFRS 12 disclosure of interest in other entitiesSohan Al Akbar
The document provides an overview of IFRS 12, which requires entities to disclose information about interests in other entities. It discusses the objective of IFRS 12, which is to require disclosures that enable users to evaluate the nature of risks associated with interests in other entities and the effects of those interests. It outlines the significant judgements and assumptions that must be disclosed, such as those made in determining control of another entity. It also describes the various disclosure requirements, including requirements to disclose information about subsidiaries, unconsolidated subsidiaries, joint arrangements, associates, and unconsolidated structured entities.
Summary and Overview of new IFRS 9 on Financial instruments - covering valuation models, the impairment approach for trade receivables, and hedge accounting examples
This document outlines the key concepts and requirements of Indian accounting standard 32 regarding financial instrument disclosures. It discusses the objective to provide users information on the significance of financial instruments for an entity's financial position and performance as well as the nature and extent of risks from these instruments. The standard requires various quantitative and qualitative disclosures about different financial asset and liability categories, reclassifications, de-recognitions, collateral, allowances, embedded derivatives, defaults, income/expenses, hedge accounting, and fair value determinations. Entities must also disclose details on credit, liquidity, and market risks. AS-32 is generally consistent with the corresponding IFRS standard.
IFRS 9 - financial instruments reporting - solutions - november 2017paul young cpa, cga
This document discusses IFRS 9, the new accounting standard for financial instruments. It provides an overview of IFRS 9 and its requirements, including classification and measurement of financial instruments, impairment using an expected loss model, and changes to hedge accounting. It also discusses the implementation timeline for IFRS 9 and tools from IBM that can help with financial reporting and disclosures required under the new standard.
This document provides an overview of accounting for financial instruments under IFRS 9. It discusses key aspects such as classifying financial instruments, recognizing and derecognizing financial assets, and impairment of financial assets. The document defines various financial instruments and outlines their classification and measurement. It describes the criteria for classifying financial assets as amortized cost, fair value through other comprehensive income, or fair value through profit or loss depending on contractual cash flow characteristics and business models. The derecognition principles for financial assets and continuing involvement are also summarized.
IFRS 9 introduces major changes to the accounting for financial instruments. This document provides an overview of Session 1 of a two-day training on IFRS 9. Session 1 covers definitions of key terms like assets and financial assets. It discusses the objectives and scope of IFRS 9. It also provides context on the development of IFRS 9 and differences from US GAAP. The session aims to introduce fundamental concepts in IFRS 9 and signal the significant changes it will bring to accounting for financial instruments.
This document provides an overview of IFRS 9 requirements for derecognition of financial assets. It discusses key principles such as determining what portion of an asset is subject to derecognition testing, the decision process for derecognition involving diagrams, and examples including expiration, renegotiation, transfers including pass-through arrangements, rights and securitizations, ownership and control, interest rate swaps, and factoring. The goal is to ensure the true financial position is disclosed by applying substance over form to transactions to identify whether risks and rewards have been truly transferred or if the entity retains control.
Annual IFRS update delivered by Paul Rhodes to partners and managers group at Crowe Soberman LLP.
Topics covered are two of the big shiny new standards: Financial Instruments IFRS 9; Revenue IFRS 15 plus an update of other standards changes
Ifrs accounting for financial assets and financial liabilitiesTarapada Ghosh
This document discusses the classification and measurement of financial assets and liabilities under IAS 39. It explains that financial assets are classified into four categories: (i) fair value through profit or loss, (ii) held to maturity, (iii) loans and receivables, and (iv) available for sale. It provides details on the criteria for each classification and discusses examples of different financial instruments that could fall under each category. The document also discusses the measurement approaches for financial instruments, including initial measurement at fair value plus transaction costs and subsequent measurement using amortized cost or fair value depending on the classification.
The document provides an overview of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) that were in effect as of July 1, 2015. It lists each IFRS standard and interpretation, along with its effective date and a brief description. The overview is intended to help users gain a high-level understanding of IFRS requirements. It also indicates standards that were superseded for periods beginning on or after July 1, 2015 and can be found at the back of the publication.
IAS 39 establishes principles for recognizing and measuring financial assets, financial liabilities, and some contracts to buy or sell non-financial items. It aims to classify financial instruments into appropriate measurement categories and provides guidance on recognizing and derecognizing financial instruments, impairment of financial assets, and hedge accounting. IAS 39 has been replaced by IFRS 9 for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013, though parts of IAS 39 remain in effect until fully replaced by future phases of IFRS 9.
The host instrument is the USD 10 million fixed rate bond.
The embedded derivative is the option to exchange the bond for 1 million shares of Skipper Corp, as this provides exposure to the share price of Skipper Corp in addition to the fixed coupon payments on the bond.
Yes, an advance payment to acquire debentures of another entity or government T-bills would be classified as a financial asset. This is because the advance payment represents a contractual right to receive the debentures or T-bills in the future, and debentures and T-bills are considered financial assets. So the advance payment itself meets the definition of a financial asset.
The document discusses the classification of liabilities under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). It defines a liability as a present obligation arising from a past event, the settlement of which is expected to result in an outflow of economic benefits. For a liability to be recognized, it must be probable that an outflow of benefits will occur and the amount can be reliably measured. The document discusses different types of liabilities in detail, including provisions, financial liabilities, leases, and deferred tax liabilities. It provides examples of how different transactions and obligations would be classified.
This document discusses the classification of assets according to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). It defines key asset types like inventory, property, plant and equipment, intangible assets, investment property, financial assets, biological assets, and non-current assets held for sale. For each type, it provides the definition, discusses recognition criteria, and gives examples requiring judgment in classification. The overall aim is to classify assets according to their nature and use within a business to portray how they will generate future economic benefits.
This document provides an overview of IFRS 9: Financial Instruments. IFRS 9 addresses the classification and measurement of financial instruments, impairment of financial assets, and hedge accounting. The key topics covered in IFRS 9 include recognition and derecognition of financial instruments, classification of financial assets and liabilities, measurement of financial instruments, impairment of financial assets, embedded derivatives, and hedge accounting. IFRS 9 establishes principles for the financial reporting of financial assets and financial liabilities.
The document provides an introduction to accounting standards for financial instruments including MFRS 139, MFRS 132 and MFRS 7. It discusses key concepts such as recognition and measurement of financial assets and liabilities, classification and subsequent measurement of financial assets, and derecognition of financial assets and liabilities. The document also provides an overview of hedge accounting, describing the three types of hedges (fair value hedge, cash flow hedge and hedge of a net investment) and hedge accounting requirements. Examples are provided to illustrate journal entries for fair value hedge and cash flow hedge.
This document provides an overview of IFRS 11 - Joint Arrangements and Associates. It defines joint arrangements as arrangements where two or more parties have joint control based on a contractual agreement. Joint arrangements are classified as either a joint operation or a joint venture depending on the parties' rights and obligations. For a joint operation, parties account for their share of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses. For a joint venture, parties account for their interest as an investment using the equity method. Examples of each type of arrangement are also provided.
IFRS 12 disclosure of interest in other entitiesSohan Al Akbar
The document provides an overview of IFRS 12, which requires entities to disclose information about interests in other entities. It discusses the objective of IFRS 12, which is to require disclosures that enable users to evaluate the nature of risks associated with interests in other entities and the effects of those interests. It outlines the significant judgements and assumptions that must be disclosed, such as those made in determining control of another entity. It also describes the various disclosure requirements, including requirements to disclose information about subsidiaries, unconsolidated subsidiaries, joint arrangements, associates, and unconsolidated structured entities.
Summary and Overview of new IFRS 9 on Financial instruments - covering valuation models, the impairment approach for trade receivables, and hedge accounting examples
This document outlines the key concepts and requirements of Indian accounting standard 32 regarding financial instrument disclosures. It discusses the objective to provide users information on the significance of financial instruments for an entity's financial position and performance as well as the nature and extent of risks from these instruments. The standard requires various quantitative and qualitative disclosures about different financial asset and liability categories, reclassifications, de-recognitions, collateral, allowances, embedded derivatives, defaults, income/expenses, hedge accounting, and fair value determinations. Entities must also disclose details on credit, liquidity, and market risks. AS-32 is generally consistent with the corresponding IFRS standard.
IFRS 9 - financial instruments reporting - solutions - november 2017paul young cpa, cga
This document discusses IFRS 9, the new accounting standard for financial instruments. It provides an overview of IFRS 9 and its requirements, including classification and measurement of financial instruments, impairment using an expected loss model, and changes to hedge accounting. It also discusses the implementation timeline for IFRS 9 and tools from IBM that can help with financial reporting and disclosures required under the new standard.
This document provides an overview of accounting for financial instruments under IFRS 9. It discusses key aspects such as classifying financial instruments, recognizing and derecognizing financial assets, and impairment of financial assets. The document defines various financial instruments and outlines their classification and measurement. It describes the criteria for classifying financial assets as amortized cost, fair value through other comprehensive income, or fair value through profit or loss depending on contractual cash flow characteristics and business models. The derecognition principles for financial assets and continuing involvement are also summarized.
IFRS 9 introduces major changes to the accounting for financial instruments. This document provides an overview of Session 1 of a two-day training on IFRS 9. Session 1 covers definitions of key terms like assets and financial assets. It discusses the objectives and scope of IFRS 9. It also provides context on the development of IFRS 9 and differences from US GAAP. The session aims to introduce fundamental concepts in IFRS 9 and signal the significant changes it will bring to accounting for financial instruments.
This document provides an overview of IFRS 9 requirements for derecognition of financial assets. It discusses key principles such as determining what portion of an asset is subject to derecognition testing, the decision process for derecognition involving diagrams, and examples including expiration, renegotiation, transfers including pass-through arrangements, rights and securitizations, ownership and control, interest rate swaps, and factoring. The goal is to ensure the true financial position is disclosed by applying substance over form to transactions to identify whether risks and rewards have been truly transferred or if the entity retains control.
Annual IFRS update delivered by Paul Rhodes to partners and managers group at Crowe Soberman LLP.
Topics covered are two of the big shiny new standards: Financial Instruments IFRS 9; Revenue IFRS 15 plus an update of other standards changes
Ifrs accounting for financial assets and financial liabilitiesTarapada Ghosh
This document discusses the classification and measurement of financial assets and liabilities under IAS 39. It explains that financial assets are classified into four categories: (i) fair value through profit or loss, (ii) held to maturity, (iii) loans and receivables, and (iv) available for sale. It provides details on the criteria for each classification and discusses examples of different financial instruments that could fall under each category. The document also discusses the measurement approaches for financial instruments, including initial measurement at fair value plus transaction costs and subsequent measurement using amortized cost or fair value depending on the classification.
The document provides an overview of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) that were in effect as of July 1, 2015. It lists each IFRS standard and interpretation, along with its effective date and a brief description. The overview is intended to help users gain a high-level understanding of IFRS requirements. It also indicates standards that were superseded for periods beginning on or after July 1, 2015 and can be found at the back of the publication.
IAS 39 establishes principles for recognizing and measuring financial assets, financial liabilities, and some contracts to buy or sell non-financial items. It aims to classify financial instruments into appropriate measurement categories and provides guidance on recognizing and derecognizing financial instruments, impairment of financial assets, and hedge accounting. IAS 39 has been replaced by IFRS 9 for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013, though parts of IAS 39 remain in effect until fully replaced by future phases of IFRS 9.
The host instrument is the USD 10 million fixed rate bond.
The embedded derivative is the option to exchange the bond for 1 million shares of Skipper Corp, as this provides exposure to the share price of Skipper Corp in addition to the fixed coupon payments on the bond.
Yes, an advance payment to acquire debentures of another entity or government T-bills would be classified as a financial asset. This is because the advance payment represents a contractual right to receive the debentures or T-bills in the future, and debentures and T-bills are considered financial assets. So the advance payment itself meets the definition of a financial asset.
The document discusses the classification of liabilities under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). It defines a liability as a present obligation arising from a past event, the settlement of which is expected to result in an outflow of economic benefits. For a liability to be recognized, it must be probable that an outflow of benefits will occur and the amount can be reliably measured. The document discusses different types of liabilities in detail, including provisions, financial liabilities, leases, and deferred tax liabilities. It provides examples of how different transactions and obligations would be classified.
This document discusses the classification of assets according to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). It defines key asset types like inventory, property, plant and equipment, intangible assets, investment property, financial assets, biological assets, and non-current assets held for sale. For each type, it provides the definition, discusses recognition criteria, and gives examples requiring judgment in classification. The overall aim is to classify assets according to their nature and use within a business to portray how they will generate future economic benefits.
The document discusses accounting standards for employee benefits and leases according to International Accounting Standards (IAS) 37, 17, and 19. Key points include:
- IAS 37 covers accounting for provisions, contingent liabilities, and contingent assets, except those from executory contracts or covered by other IFRS.
- IAS 17 establishes standards for classifying and accounting for leases as either finance or operating leases. Finance leases are accounted for similarly to purchases.
- IAS 19 provides guidance for accounting and disclosures of short-term employee benefits, post-employment benefits, other long-term benefits, and termination benefits.
This document discusses inflation-linked assets and their role in pension risk management frameworks. It introduces secured leases, social housing, infrastructure projects, and other "flight plan consistent assets" that provide long-dated, inflation-linked cash flows well-matched to pension liabilities. These types of assets can help pension schemes hedge inflation risks and meet risk management objectives around required return and contributions at risk. The document is presented by Redington, an investment firm focused on liability-driven investment and pension risk management.
This document provides information about a seminar on Liability Driven Investments presented by Robert Gardner of Redington. It discusses building a Pension Risk Management Framework, including setting objectives, monitoring progress, and responding to changes. It provides a case study of how dynamic de-risking can improve funding levels and reduce volatility. Finally, it discusses "Flight Plan Consistent Assets" that provide inflation-linked cash flows to match pension liabilities.
This document provides an overview of corporate valuation and the discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation method. It discusses key steps in the valuation process, including historical analysis of the industry and company, forecasting future projections, discounting post-projection cash flows, and calculating terminal value. The document also covers discounting factors like weighted average cost of capital (WACC) and cost of equity/debt. It describes how to calculate free cash flows to the firm and equity and limitations of the DCF approach. The goal is to determine the economic worth of a company based on its business model, financials, and industry environment.
ACCA Strategic Business Reporting Study Text.pdfApril Smith
This document provides an overview and introduction to the Emile Woolf study text for the ACCA Strategic Business Reporting (SBR) exam. It discusses the following key points:
- The study text is written by tutors, is comprehensive yet concise, uses simple English, and is used worldwide by Emile Woolf students.
- It provides coverage of the SBR syllabus and exam, which assesses professional competencies in the business reporting environment through an evaluation of concepts, theories, principles and practical situations.
- The exam requires the ability to relate professional issues to relevant concepts and practical scenarios, and involves exercising professional and ethical judgement as well as integrating technical knowledge.
- The study text
This document provides an introduction to a course on financial management. It outlines the syllabus which will cover topics such as financial statements, ratio analysis, working capital management, time value of money, capital budgeting, and cost of capital. The document explains what will be included in each section of the syllabus. It also presents some introductory information on key financial concepts like the balance sheet, income statement, assets, liabilities, and cash flow statements. Rules for the course emphasize the importance of group work and that the lecturer acts as a facilitator rather than teacher.
This document outlines Accounting Standard 3 regarding cash flow statements. It defines key terms like cash flows, operating activities, investing activities and financing activities. It provides guidance on presenting and preparing the cash flow statement, including reporting cash flows from different activities and the treatment of items like foreign currency, extraordinary items, and non-cash transactions. The standard aims to provide useful information about an entity's historical cash flows to assess its ability to generate cash flows.
The document provides an overview of International Accounting Standards (IAS) 37, 17, and 19 regarding accounting for liabilities.
IAS 37 covers provisions, contingent liabilities, and contingent assets. It requires provisions to be measured at management's best estimate of the amount required to settle the obligation. IAS 17 distinguishes between finance and operating leases, with different accounting treatments. Finance leases require recognition of an asset and liability, while operating leases do not. IAS 19 addresses accounting for short-term employee benefits, post-employment benefits, other long-term benefits, and termination benefits. Short-term benefits are expensed as incurred without discounting, while other categories require recognition of liabilities.
The document outlines Redington's pension risk management framework, which provides tools to help trustees and sponsors meet objectives like reaching full funding by 2020 through regular monitoring of risk targets and performance indicators, and investing in assets that match the framework's "flight plan" like secured long-term leases, social housing, and infrastructure projects. The framework is meant to allow for calls to action to recalibrate the investment strategy and anticipate changing risks and targets.
The document provides an overview of key concepts for reporting financial performance in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and the IFRS for SMEs. It discusses the underlying concepts of income, expenses, and other comprehensive income. It also covers determining functional currency, revenue from contracts with customers, cost of goods sold and other expenses. The document aims to explain the requirements and judgments involved in applying IFRS and IFRS for SMEs when presenting financial performance.
Would you like to take a quiz on IFRS Financial Statements? The presentation on Overview of IFRS includes five short questions. Email us on info@smglobal.co.uk if you want us to send you the answer to any of the questions.
The document discusses several key concepts in corporate finance:
1) It defines finance and outlines the main functions of financial management like forecasting, investment decisions, and managing risk.
2) It explains that the primary goal of a corporation is shareholder wealth maximization, which means maximizing stock price over the long run. However, ethical behavior and responsibilities to society are also important.
3) It describes factors that influence a company's value and stock price, such as the amount and risk of expected future cash flows, and their timing. Investment and financing decisions can impact these value drivers.
This chapter provides an overview of financial management and the financial environment. It discusses forms of business organization including sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. The chapter explains that the primary objective of corporate managers should be to maximize shareholder wealth. It also outlines key concepts such as free cash flows, weighted average cost of capital, and how the cost of debt and equity capital are determined. The chapter concludes with a discussion of financial securities, primary and secondary markets, and how secondary markets are organized.
The document provides an overview of IFRS 16 Leases by Fred Nieto, Head of Investor Engagement at the IASB. It discusses key facts about IFRS 16 including the sectors most affected, the effective date of 2019, and accounting changes for lessees and lessors. The presentation then covers the essentials of IFRS 16 including the definition of a lease, recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, income statement impact, and intended benefits of improved comparability. Finally, it discusses new disclosure requirements and how restatement under the new standard will work.
The document discusses financial reporting standards and their implications for financial analysis. It covers several topics:
1) The objectives of financial reporting standards are to provide comparability between firms while allowing some flexibility. Standards bodies set accounting rules and regulations that governments enforce.
2) Analysts must understand the accounting methods used to construct financial statements and how choices affect reported figures. Earnings computed under aggressive vs conservative methods may warrant different valuation multiples.
3) Financial statements have constraints that prioritize some qualities like reliability over relevance. Standards also involve tradeoffs between balance sheet and income statement relevance. Analysts must consider these effects.
This is a white paper authored in 2013 on behalf of Confluence Technologies, Inc. of Pittsburgh. It addresses the dynamic behind a new regulatory reporting requirement for alternative asset managers (hedge funds, etc.). Since it was produced under contract, the article byline was set to that of a Confluence employee.
Legal Shorts 11.12.15 including FCA makes changes to GABRIEL and FCA roundtab...Cummings
Welcome to Legal Shorts, a short briefing on some of the week’s developments in the financial services industry.
Listen to this week's Legal Shorts on CLTV by going to http://vimeo.com/cummingslaw
If you would like to discuss any of the points we raise below, please contact me or one of our other lawyers.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document provides information about guess papers for the B.Com Part 2 examination prepared by Sir Khalid Aziz of Iqra Commerce Network. It includes important questions on subjects like banking and finance, auditing and income tax, management, cost and advanced accounting, business communication, stock market terms, and economics of Pakistan. Contact information for Iqra Commerce Network and Sir Khalid Aziz is provided for students interested in obtaining these practice question papers.
This document contains practice questions for the B.Com Part 1 exam provided by Khalid Aziz of Iqra Commerce Network. It includes questions on microeconomics, macroeconomics, economic systems, introduction to business, and accounting. For each subject, short questions and essay questions are provided covering key concepts and theories. Contact information is provided for Khalid Aziz to obtain the guess papers.
This document discusses key concepts in job order costing systems including:
- Job order costing tracks costs by individual jobs or orders while process costing tracks costs by departments.
- A job can refer to a client, project, or contract. Costs like direct materials, direct labor, and overhead are accumulated for each job.
- Forms like material requisitions, time sheets, and job order cost sheets are used to track costs by job.
- Standard costs can be used to compare actual costs to budgeted costs for management decision making.
- Normal losses are expected and included in overhead rates while abnormal losses are treated as period costs.
Elasticity is a measure of how responsive buyers and sellers are to changes in price and other market conditions. Price elasticity of demand specifically measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to a change in price. It is calculated as the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in price. Demand can be perfectly inelastic, inelastic, unit elastic, or elastic depending on whether the quantity changes less than, equal to, or more than the price change. Determinants of price elasticity include whether a good is a necessity vs luxury and the availability of substitutes. Income elasticity measures responsiveness of demand to income changes.
Budgeting involves planning, directing, and controlling finances to achieve goals. A budget allocates estimated income and expenses over a set period of time. This document provides an example budget for a manufacturing company called Elite Accessories. The master budget includes sales, production, materials purchases, labor, and factory overhead budgets. It also includes income statement and balance sheet budgets such as cost of goods sold. The production budget estimates materials, labor hours, and costs needed to produce the estimated units to be sold. The budgets allow the company to plan and control its finances.
The document repeats the phrase "IQRA COMMERCENETWORK" multiple times without any other text or context. It appears to be promoting or advertising an organization or business called IQRA COMMERCENETWORK but provides no additional information about what they do or their purpose.
The document repeatedly lists the phrase "IQRA COMMERCENETWORK" across multiple lines without any other context. It provides no clear information about the topic or any events, people, or ideas.
1. The document defines and explains macroeconomics and its importance. Macroeconomics examines the overall economy and economic aggregates, rather than individual units.
2. It addresses key macroeconomic issues like determining income, employment, price levels, economic growth, business cycles, international trade, and unemployment.
3. Macroeconomics is important for formulating policies around issues like inflation, growth, and fiscal and monetary policy. However, it also has limitations like ignoring individual welfare.
Professor Hicks and Allen developed the indifference curve approach in 1928 as an improvement over earlier approaches that assumed utility could be measured and that consumers only purchase one good at a time. The indifference curve approach is based on ordinal utility and assumes consumers are interested in combinations of goods. It assumes rational consumer behavior, ordinal and non-satiable utility, diminishing marginal rate of substitution, consistency in choices, and that preferences are not contradictory. Goods are substitutable, so the consumer is indifferent between combinations that provide the same satisfaction. Indifference curves illustrate combinations that provide equal utility.
1. The document provides solutions to economics exam questions on macroeconomics, distinguishing between GDP at market price and factor price. GDP at market price is equal to GNP at market price minus depreciation, while GDP at factor cost is the sum of incomes to the four factors of production.
2. It then explains the expenditure method of measuring GDP as the sum of consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports. Precautions for this method include excluding used goods and transfer payments.
3. The document also covers the Keynesian theory of income and employment, which states that equilibrium income is determined by aggregate demand and supply and may be below full employment. Government spending can increase aggregate demand and raise income to
1. The document discusses microeconomics and macroeconomics. Microeconomics examines individual units like households and firms, while macroeconomics examines aggregates like national income and output.
2. It provides definitions and explanations of microeconomics and macroeconomics. Microeconomics is concerned with prices, allocation of resources, and economic efficiency at an individual level. Macroeconomics analyzes economy-wide issues like unemployment, inflation, and economic growth.
3. While micro and macroeconomics analyze different levels, they are interdependent and complementary in understanding how economies function. Both approaches are needed for comprehensive economic analysis.
This document provides solutions to economics examination questions from 2015 compiled by Khalid Aziz of Iqra Commerce Network. It covers topics in microeconomics including opportunity cost, production possibility curves, income and substitution effects, demand curves for normal goods, price elasticity of demand, kinked demand curves, and short-run equilibrium under monopolistic competition. Diagrams and equations are used to explain concepts such as opportunity cost, production possibility frontiers, indifference curves, budget constraints, demand curves, price elasticity, kinked demand curves, marginal revenue curves, and profit/loss calculations.
The document discusses various topics related to commercial law in India including agreements to sale, ascertainment of price under the Sale of Goods Act, rights of an unpaid seller, bill of lading, negotiable instruments, partnership law, and rights and duties of parties in bailment, agency, and suretyship agreements. It provides explanations and examples for each topic.
ICMAP CGBLE MOCK FOR NOVEMBER 2019 EXAMKhalid Aziz
The document is a mock exam for Corporate Governance, Business Laws & Ethics compiled by Sir Khalid Aziz of Iqra Commerce Network. It contains sample questions and answers for a mock exam on this subject compiled by Sir Khalid Aziz, and includes his contact information.
This document contains information about a mock exam for the PIPFA Financial Accounting qualification compiled by Sir Khalid Aziz of Iqra Commerce Network. It lists the title, compiler, and contact information for Sir Khalid Aziz multiple times.
This document contains a mock exam for PIPFA Management Accounting that was compiled by Sir Khalid Aziz of Iqra Commerce Network. It includes 9 multiple choice questions to help examinees prepare for the actual PIPFA Management Accounting exam, along with contact information for Sir Khalid Aziz.
B-COM Part 2,Business law Guess Paper of Sir Khalid Aziz,solved Khalid Aziz
The document discusses the classification and essential elements of contracts. It covers:
1) Contracts are classified as express, implied, or quasi based on formation. They are also unilateral, bilateral, executed, or executory based on performance.
2) The essential elements of a valid offer include being definite, creating legal obligations, communicated to the offeree, and not containing negative conditions.
3) An offer can be revoked any time before acceptance is communicated to the offeror.
This document provides sample questions for the B.Com Part 1 exam by Sir Khalid Aziz. It includes questions in Microeconomics, Macroeconomics, Economic Systems, Introduction to Business, Accounting, English, and Islamic Studies. Contact information is provided for Sir Khalid Aziz and Iqra Commerce Network for B.Com Part 1 guess papers and regular/private tutoring. Key subjects covered include economics analysis, financial statements, accounts receivable, inventory, depreciation, and partnership.
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In a world where the potential of youth innovation remains vastly untouched, there emerges a guiding light in the form of Norm Goldstein, the Founder and CEO of EduNetwork Partners. His dedication to this cause has earned him recognition as a Congressional Leadership Award recipient.
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NIMA2024 | De toegevoegde waarde van DEI en ESG in campagnes | Nathalie Lam |...BBPMedia1
Nathalie zal delen hoe DEI en ESG een fundamentele rol kunnen spelen in je merkstrategie en je de juiste aansluiting kan creëren met je doelgroep. Door middel van voorbeelden en simpele handvatten toont ze hoe dit in jouw organisatie toegepast kan worden.
Prescriptive analytics BA4206 Anna University PPTFreelance
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Enhancing Adoption of AI in Agri-food: IntroductionCor Verdouw
Introduction to the Panel on: Pathways and Challenges: AI-Driven Technology in Agri-Food, AI4Food, University of Guelph
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𝐔𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐢𝐥 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐅𝐮𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐄𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲 𝐄𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐲 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐍𝐄𝐖𝐍𝐓𝐈𝐃𝐄’𝐬 𝐋𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐎𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬
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During the budget session of 2024-25, the finance minister, Nirmala Sitharaman, introduced the “solar Rooftop scheme,” also known as “PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana.” It is a subsidy offered to those who wish to put up solar panels in their homes using domestic power systems. Additionally, adopting photovoltaic technology at home allows you to lower your monthly electricity expenses. Today in this blog we will talk all about what is the PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana. How does it work? Who is eligible for this yojana and all the other things related to this scheme?
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R1173, ALNOOR SOCIETY, BLOCK 19. F.B.AREA, KARACHI.
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