Situation and trends of malnutrition and impact on morbidity and mortality by F.Branca (Director
-Department of Nutrition for Health and development WHO/HQ)
The document discusses healthcare for a sustainable society. It defines a sustainable society and outlines the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) established in 2000 to combat issues like poverty, hunger, disease, and environmental degradation by 2015. The goals focus on eradicating extreme poverty and hunger, improving health, education, gender equality, and the environment. Health is interdependent with and influences achieving all the MDGs. The document focuses on health-related MDGs and metrics to measure progress, and argues establishing a sustainable healthcare model requires commitment from governments, organizations, and communities.
Malaria is a major public health problem in Ethiopia, accounting for a significant portion of outpatient visits and hospital admissions. Transmission is seasonal and varies based on altitude, climate, and rainfall patterns. The government has implemented various prevention and control strategies over time, including insecticide-treated bed nets, indoor residual spraying, and anti-malarial drug policies. While malaria morbidity and mortality have decreased in recent years due to these efforts, it remains a significant health issue, especially for rural agricultural communities.
Child Mortality among Teenage Mothers in OJU Metropolisiosrjce
This study was designed to identify child mortality among teenage mothers in Oju metropolisin
Benue State, Nigeria, specifically, the study determined (i) the cause of child mortality among teenage mothers,
and (ii) rate of child mortality among teenage mothersand (iii) possible ways of reducing child mortality rate,
and it answered three research questions to guide the study. The population of the study comprised of all
medical personnel in Oju metropolis. The sample was purposively selected from medical personnel in the area
of study (Oju metropolis). The instrument of the study was a four-point scale questioner which was dully
validated prior to utilization. Mean was used for data analysis, the findings include seven causes of child
mortality, seven rates of child mortality and eleven possible ways of reducing child mortality rate, based on the
findings, six recommendations were made, which include among others, parent should be made to be aware of
the crisis associatedwith early motherhood through public enlighten programmessuch as counseling agents,
workshops, seminars and radio jingles.
This report from the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation provides estimates of under-five, infant and neonatal mortality rates globally and by country/region. It finds that while progress has been made towards reducing child mortality, current rates of reduction remain insufficient to achieve Millennium Development Goal 4 by 2015. Under-five mortality is still highest in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia. Neonatal deaths now account for over 40% of under-five mortality globally. The report analyzes trends and presents the latest estimates to monitor progress towards improving child survival worldwide.
The document discusses how social determinants and structural interventions outside the health sector can influence health outcomes. It provides evidence that factors like gender inequality, poverty, and lack of social cohesion negatively impact health. Strategic investments in areas like gender equality, education, and building social capital can improve health as seen in examples that reduced HIV, TB, and increased bed net use. The document argues for an integrated health and development approach to achieve multiple targets and synergies across sectors to renew progress on global health goals.
The document discusses the global problem of hunger, providing statistics that over 800 million people suffer from hunger worldwide. It outlines countries and regions most affected by hunger, including India, parts of Africa, and Latin America. Many die daily from hunger-related issues, despite there being enough global food production to feed the world's population. Causes of hunger include poverty, lack of access to food resources, and lack of infrastructure in some developing nations.
The document discusses the causes and effects of HIV/AIDS in Africa. Some key points are: HIV destroys immune cells called CD4 helper lymphocytes, weakening the immune system. Major causes in Africa include starvation, lack of healthcare access, and poverty. Over 20% of deaths in Africa are AIDS-related. Prevention efforts include increased condom use, counseling/testing, and preventing mother-to-child transmission. Around 22 million people in Africa live with HIV/AIDS, accounting for 2/3 of global cases. 3/4 of global AIDS deaths occur in Africa.
The document discusses maternal and child health challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa. It provides background information on Africa and outlines the problem statement of high rates of maternal and child mortality. Over 289,000 women died in 2013 due to pregnancy complications and 6.3 million children under age 5 died. The main contributing factors are discussed as poor health infrastructure, lack of access to services, and infectious diseases. The document also summarizes global actions taken like the Millennium Development Goals and progress made with a 45% reduction in maternal deaths and 49% reduction in under-5 mortality, though rates remain high in Sub-Saharan Africa. It concludes with an update on the Ebola epidemic in West Africa.
The document discusses healthcare for a sustainable society. It defines a sustainable society and outlines the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) established in 2000 to combat issues like poverty, hunger, disease, and environmental degradation by 2015. The goals focus on eradicating extreme poverty and hunger, improving health, education, gender equality, and the environment. Health is interdependent with and influences achieving all the MDGs. The document focuses on health-related MDGs and metrics to measure progress, and argues establishing a sustainable healthcare model requires commitment from governments, organizations, and communities.
Malaria is a major public health problem in Ethiopia, accounting for a significant portion of outpatient visits and hospital admissions. Transmission is seasonal and varies based on altitude, climate, and rainfall patterns. The government has implemented various prevention and control strategies over time, including insecticide-treated bed nets, indoor residual spraying, and anti-malarial drug policies. While malaria morbidity and mortality have decreased in recent years due to these efforts, it remains a significant health issue, especially for rural agricultural communities.
Child Mortality among Teenage Mothers in OJU Metropolisiosrjce
This study was designed to identify child mortality among teenage mothers in Oju metropolisin
Benue State, Nigeria, specifically, the study determined (i) the cause of child mortality among teenage mothers,
and (ii) rate of child mortality among teenage mothersand (iii) possible ways of reducing child mortality rate,
and it answered three research questions to guide the study. The population of the study comprised of all
medical personnel in Oju metropolis. The sample was purposively selected from medical personnel in the area
of study (Oju metropolis). The instrument of the study was a four-point scale questioner which was dully
validated prior to utilization. Mean was used for data analysis, the findings include seven causes of child
mortality, seven rates of child mortality and eleven possible ways of reducing child mortality rate, based on the
findings, six recommendations were made, which include among others, parent should be made to be aware of
the crisis associatedwith early motherhood through public enlighten programmessuch as counseling agents,
workshops, seminars and radio jingles.
This report from the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation provides estimates of under-five, infant and neonatal mortality rates globally and by country/region. It finds that while progress has been made towards reducing child mortality, current rates of reduction remain insufficient to achieve Millennium Development Goal 4 by 2015. Under-five mortality is still highest in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia. Neonatal deaths now account for over 40% of under-five mortality globally. The report analyzes trends and presents the latest estimates to monitor progress towards improving child survival worldwide.
The document discusses how social determinants and structural interventions outside the health sector can influence health outcomes. It provides evidence that factors like gender inequality, poverty, and lack of social cohesion negatively impact health. Strategic investments in areas like gender equality, education, and building social capital can improve health as seen in examples that reduced HIV, TB, and increased bed net use. The document argues for an integrated health and development approach to achieve multiple targets and synergies across sectors to renew progress on global health goals.
The document discusses the global problem of hunger, providing statistics that over 800 million people suffer from hunger worldwide. It outlines countries and regions most affected by hunger, including India, parts of Africa, and Latin America. Many die daily from hunger-related issues, despite there being enough global food production to feed the world's population. Causes of hunger include poverty, lack of access to food resources, and lack of infrastructure in some developing nations.
The document discusses the causes and effects of HIV/AIDS in Africa. Some key points are: HIV destroys immune cells called CD4 helper lymphocytes, weakening the immune system. Major causes in Africa include starvation, lack of healthcare access, and poverty. Over 20% of deaths in Africa are AIDS-related. Prevention efforts include increased condom use, counseling/testing, and preventing mother-to-child transmission. Around 22 million people in Africa live with HIV/AIDS, accounting for 2/3 of global cases. 3/4 of global AIDS deaths occur in Africa.
The document discusses maternal and child health challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa. It provides background information on Africa and outlines the problem statement of high rates of maternal and child mortality. Over 289,000 women died in 2013 due to pregnancy complications and 6.3 million children under age 5 died. The main contributing factors are discussed as poor health infrastructure, lack of access to services, and infectious diseases. The document also summarizes global actions taken like the Millennium Development Goals and progress made with a 45% reduction in maternal deaths and 49% reduction in under-5 mortality, though rates remain high in Sub-Saharan Africa. It concludes with an update on the Ebola epidemic in West Africa.
The document discusses how AIDS is spreading, its effects in Africa, and prevention efforts. It spreads through unprotected sex, contaminated needles and blood transfusions. Two-thirds of people with HIV live in Africa, where AIDS has killed over 15 million people since the epidemic began. Countries are promoting abstinence and condom use to curb transmission rates. Uganda saw infection rates drop from 15% to 5% through prevention programs. Over 22 million people have HIV/AIDS globally and 1.5 million died from it in 2007.
The document discusses how AIDS is spreading, its effects in Africa, and prevention efforts. It spreads through unprotected sex, contaminated needles and blood transfusions. Two-thirds of people with HIV live in Africa, where AIDS has killed over 15 million people since the epidemic began. Countries have promoted abstinence and condom use to curb transmission rates, with Uganda and Zimbabwe seeing reductions after prevention programs. Over 20 million people globally are currently living with HIV/AIDS.
This document discusses the social and economic impacts of HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on aging populations. It notes that early models underestimated the severity of the epidemic in Africa. HIV prevalence rates have changed who is most at risk over time. The AIDS pandemic threatens to overwhelm aging populations in sub-Saharan Africa as they need more support but have fewer able-bodied children to care for them due to the disease. The impacts of AIDS on older people could change dramatically as responses to the disease develop.
Maternal Health Care Availability In The Developing WorldCaitlin Mabe
Maternal mortality rates are significantly higher in developing countries compared to industrialized nations, with 1 in 76 pregnancies in developing areas ending in death versus 1 in 8,000 in industrialized countries. One of the Millennium Development Goals aims to reduce maternal mortality by 75% by 2015 through improving access to family planning, antenatal care, and empowering women's control of their reproductive health. However, factors like cultural practices, travel times to hospitals, wait times to see doctors, and lack of healthcare resources limit access to care, especially in rural areas. While urban populations have closer proximity to care, poverty still prevents many urban women from receiving adequate maternal healthcare. Expanding healthcare resources and making care culturally acceptable and
HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system and eventually causes AIDS if not treated. It is most commonly transmitted through unprotected sex and sharing needles. Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS, especially among young people ages 15-24. Children are especially vulnerable as they can contract HIV from their mother during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. Educating youth about HIV/AIDS and how to prevent transmission is critical to containing the epidemic.
1) Ebola has become the largest outbreak in history, infecting over 8,000 people in West Africa by December 2014. 2) The first cases of Ebola appeared in Central and West Africa in 1976. The virus spreads through contact with bodily fluids of infected primates or humans. 3) As Ebola cases appeared in the US, the mayor of Dallas and President Obama took actions to address the crisis, though Obama faced criticism for initially not prioritizing the issue.
The document discusses vaccination rates around the world on World Population Day. It provides statistics showing that 24.2% of the world's population has received at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose, with 3.22 billion doses administered globally so far. However, only 1% of people in low-income countries have received a dose. The document also presents vaccination data for several specific countries like Singapore, India, Indonesia, South Korea, China, and the UAE.
Kenya has an unusually rich set of Kenya has an unusually rich set of national-level demographic data which allow estimation of mortality rates for about the last 30 years. Earlier data (before around 1950) were based on crude estimates for small areas collected during the 1920s and 1930s for other purposes.
diarrhoea: why children are still dying & what can be doneChynthya Riiweuh
Diarrhoea remains the second leading cause of child deaths globally, accounting for around 1.5 million under-five deaths per year. The majority of diarrhoea cases and deaths occur in Africa and South Asia. Young children face the highest risk, with the highest incidence in the first two years of life. While diarrhoea mortality has declined significantly in recent decades, strengthened efforts are still needed to control diarrhoea and further reduce child deaths.
Childhood hunger remains a significant global problem, with over 2.6 million children dying each year due to hunger-related causes such as malnutrition and poor nutrition. Poor nutrition plays a role in at least half of the 7.6 million child deaths that occur annually. In developing countries, almost one out of every 15 children will die before their fifth birthday, highlighting the devastating impacts of childhood hunger.
The influence of prevention of mother to-child hiv transmission campaigns on ...Alexander Decker
The document discusses mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Nigeria and prevention efforts. It notes that mother-to-child transmission accounts for over 90% of pediatric AIDS cases globally. To address this, Nigeria and other countries have implemented Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) campaigns. However, the document aims to study whether these campaigns have effectively improved knowledge, attitudes and practices around PMTCT among Nigerian women. It finds that while campaigns have increased to some degree, overall knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding PMTCT among Nigerian women remains quite low. It recommends campaign messages be more clear, specific and convincing to better educate women and encourage improved PMTCT practices.
This proposal aims to study infant feeding options among HIV positive mothers in Kano, Nigeria. The introduction provides background on the high rates of mother-to-child HIV transmission in sub-Saharan Africa, noting that breastfeeding accounts for about one-third of transmission. The study will assess the infant feeding practices and choices of HIV positive mothers attending antenatal clinics in Kano. It will determine their knowledge of options, factors influencing choices, and methods chosen. This information could help reduce mother-to-child HIV transmission rates by informing counseling on balancing nutritional benefits of breastfeeding with transmission risks.
The document discusses world hunger, its causes, effects, and historical context. It notes that poverty, conflict, natural disasters, and seasonal changes are key causes of hunger. Hundreds of millions of people in countries like India, China, and several African nations currently face hunger. Hunger has negative health effects like stunted growth and reduced lifespan. While the world currently produces enough food to feed the global population, hunger persists due to issues of poverty, distribution, waste, and conflict. Non-profits and governments work to address hunger through food aid, farming efficiency programs, and technological solutions.
Hunger affects over 1 billion people worldwide, with 1 in 7 people going to sleep hungry each night, making it the leading cause of death globally over diseases like AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis. Nearly half of hungry people are women, and women and girls suffer disproportionately from food shortages after natural disasters. With collective action, hunger can be stopped.
Amref Health Africa's Coffeehouse Speakers Series on global development took a look at the Ebola outbreak in West Africa - featuring lively conversation from our panelists and the audience.
This document summarizes a presentation on an IFPRI food policy report about achieving food security and poverty reduction in the Arab world. The presentation focused on measuring food security in the Arab region and policies and investments to improve food security. Key points included that over 30% of the population in some Arab countries are at risk of food insecurity, and that economic growth needs to be more pro-poor, including in agriculture, to effectively reduce poverty and hunger. The report suggests country-specific strategies are needed and should focus on job creation for poor households or encouraging agricultural exports and imports as needed.
The document discusses world hunger, providing statistics on its prevalence and effects. Over 795 million people do not have enough food globally. Hunger stunts children's growth and increases risks of chronic hunger and malnutrition. The root causes of world hunger include poverty, political instability, discrimination, and overconsumption. Proposed solutions involve reducing poverty, increasing food donations and access to education, practicing birth control, and providing help within communities. The conclusion emphasizes that decreasing poverty, such as from natural disasters, and hunger is crucial for a country's economic growth and children's education.
Child mortality rates have declined globally over the past few decades due to improvements in child health programs and social conditions. However, progress has been uneven, and mortality has stalled or increased in some countries and regions. Two main types of child health programs have contributed to declines: short-term disease-specific initiatives and more general primary health care programs. Both program approaches need to evolve to complete the goal of improving child health worldwide, with a greater emphasis on household behaviors and interventions across the life cycle.
Maternal health in developing countries is a very neglected subject. Each year, 500,000 women die from pregnancy and childbirth complications, with 98% of these deaths occurring in developing nations. Some of the main issues discussed in the document include maternal mortality being caused by hemorrhage, sepsis, infection, and ruptured uterus. Problems like malnutrition in children and mothers can also lead to issues like anemia. The document advocates for increasing access to skilled healthcare workers and emergency obstetric care, as promoted by organizations like UNICEF, to help address maternal health problems in developing countries.
International Child Protection Consultant
Child Protection Safety Net Project
Albania
Capitalization of Work: Learning from Experience
March 2013
N. Beth Bradford, MA
The document discusses maternal and child health in Kenya, noting that 189,000 children under five die there each year. While Kenya has made some progress toward UN Millennium Development Goals for reducing child and maternal mortality, progress has been insufficient or nonexistent. Simple, affordable solutions exist but require political will and implementation of high-impact interventions to expand access to healthcare, clean water, nutrition, and more. World Vision contributes to these efforts through various maternal, newborn, child health and nutrition programs in Kenya.
The document discusses how AIDS is spreading, its effects in Africa, and prevention efforts. It spreads through unprotected sex, contaminated needles and blood transfusions. Two-thirds of people with HIV live in Africa, where AIDS has killed over 15 million people since the epidemic began. Countries are promoting abstinence and condom use to curb transmission rates. Uganda saw infection rates drop from 15% to 5% through prevention programs. Over 22 million people have HIV/AIDS globally and 1.5 million died from it in 2007.
The document discusses how AIDS is spreading, its effects in Africa, and prevention efforts. It spreads through unprotected sex, contaminated needles and blood transfusions. Two-thirds of people with HIV live in Africa, where AIDS has killed over 15 million people since the epidemic began. Countries have promoted abstinence and condom use to curb transmission rates, with Uganda and Zimbabwe seeing reductions after prevention programs. Over 20 million people globally are currently living with HIV/AIDS.
This document discusses the social and economic impacts of HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on aging populations. It notes that early models underestimated the severity of the epidemic in Africa. HIV prevalence rates have changed who is most at risk over time. The AIDS pandemic threatens to overwhelm aging populations in sub-Saharan Africa as they need more support but have fewer able-bodied children to care for them due to the disease. The impacts of AIDS on older people could change dramatically as responses to the disease develop.
Maternal Health Care Availability In The Developing WorldCaitlin Mabe
Maternal mortality rates are significantly higher in developing countries compared to industrialized nations, with 1 in 76 pregnancies in developing areas ending in death versus 1 in 8,000 in industrialized countries. One of the Millennium Development Goals aims to reduce maternal mortality by 75% by 2015 through improving access to family planning, antenatal care, and empowering women's control of their reproductive health. However, factors like cultural practices, travel times to hospitals, wait times to see doctors, and lack of healthcare resources limit access to care, especially in rural areas. While urban populations have closer proximity to care, poverty still prevents many urban women from receiving adequate maternal healthcare. Expanding healthcare resources and making care culturally acceptable and
HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system and eventually causes AIDS if not treated. It is most commonly transmitted through unprotected sex and sharing needles. Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS, especially among young people ages 15-24. Children are especially vulnerable as they can contract HIV from their mother during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. Educating youth about HIV/AIDS and how to prevent transmission is critical to containing the epidemic.
1) Ebola has become the largest outbreak in history, infecting over 8,000 people in West Africa by December 2014. 2) The first cases of Ebola appeared in Central and West Africa in 1976. The virus spreads through contact with bodily fluids of infected primates or humans. 3) As Ebola cases appeared in the US, the mayor of Dallas and President Obama took actions to address the crisis, though Obama faced criticism for initially not prioritizing the issue.
The document discusses vaccination rates around the world on World Population Day. It provides statistics showing that 24.2% of the world's population has received at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose, with 3.22 billion doses administered globally so far. However, only 1% of people in low-income countries have received a dose. The document also presents vaccination data for several specific countries like Singapore, India, Indonesia, South Korea, China, and the UAE.
Kenya has an unusually rich set of Kenya has an unusually rich set of national-level demographic data which allow estimation of mortality rates for about the last 30 years. Earlier data (before around 1950) were based on crude estimates for small areas collected during the 1920s and 1930s for other purposes.
diarrhoea: why children are still dying & what can be doneChynthya Riiweuh
Diarrhoea remains the second leading cause of child deaths globally, accounting for around 1.5 million under-five deaths per year. The majority of diarrhoea cases and deaths occur in Africa and South Asia. Young children face the highest risk, with the highest incidence in the first two years of life. While diarrhoea mortality has declined significantly in recent decades, strengthened efforts are still needed to control diarrhoea and further reduce child deaths.
Childhood hunger remains a significant global problem, with over 2.6 million children dying each year due to hunger-related causes such as malnutrition and poor nutrition. Poor nutrition plays a role in at least half of the 7.6 million child deaths that occur annually. In developing countries, almost one out of every 15 children will die before their fifth birthday, highlighting the devastating impacts of childhood hunger.
The influence of prevention of mother to-child hiv transmission campaigns on ...Alexander Decker
The document discusses mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Nigeria and prevention efforts. It notes that mother-to-child transmission accounts for over 90% of pediatric AIDS cases globally. To address this, Nigeria and other countries have implemented Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) campaigns. However, the document aims to study whether these campaigns have effectively improved knowledge, attitudes and practices around PMTCT among Nigerian women. It finds that while campaigns have increased to some degree, overall knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding PMTCT among Nigerian women remains quite low. It recommends campaign messages be more clear, specific and convincing to better educate women and encourage improved PMTCT practices.
This proposal aims to study infant feeding options among HIV positive mothers in Kano, Nigeria. The introduction provides background on the high rates of mother-to-child HIV transmission in sub-Saharan Africa, noting that breastfeeding accounts for about one-third of transmission. The study will assess the infant feeding practices and choices of HIV positive mothers attending antenatal clinics in Kano. It will determine their knowledge of options, factors influencing choices, and methods chosen. This information could help reduce mother-to-child HIV transmission rates by informing counseling on balancing nutritional benefits of breastfeeding with transmission risks.
The document discusses world hunger, its causes, effects, and historical context. It notes that poverty, conflict, natural disasters, and seasonal changes are key causes of hunger. Hundreds of millions of people in countries like India, China, and several African nations currently face hunger. Hunger has negative health effects like stunted growth and reduced lifespan. While the world currently produces enough food to feed the global population, hunger persists due to issues of poverty, distribution, waste, and conflict. Non-profits and governments work to address hunger through food aid, farming efficiency programs, and technological solutions.
Hunger affects over 1 billion people worldwide, with 1 in 7 people going to sleep hungry each night, making it the leading cause of death globally over diseases like AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis. Nearly half of hungry people are women, and women and girls suffer disproportionately from food shortages after natural disasters. With collective action, hunger can be stopped.
Amref Health Africa's Coffeehouse Speakers Series on global development took a look at the Ebola outbreak in West Africa - featuring lively conversation from our panelists and the audience.
This document summarizes a presentation on an IFPRI food policy report about achieving food security and poverty reduction in the Arab world. The presentation focused on measuring food security in the Arab region and policies and investments to improve food security. Key points included that over 30% of the population in some Arab countries are at risk of food insecurity, and that economic growth needs to be more pro-poor, including in agriculture, to effectively reduce poverty and hunger. The report suggests country-specific strategies are needed and should focus on job creation for poor households or encouraging agricultural exports and imports as needed.
The document discusses world hunger, providing statistics on its prevalence and effects. Over 795 million people do not have enough food globally. Hunger stunts children's growth and increases risks of chronic hunger and malnutrition. The root causes of world hunger include poverty, political instability, discrimination, and overconsumption. Proposed solutions involve reducing poverty, increasing food donations and access to education, practicing birth control, and providing help within communities. The conclusion emphasizes that decreasing poverty, such as from natural disasters, and hunger is crucial for a country's economic growth and children's education.
Child mortality rates have declined globally over the past few decades due to improvements in child health programs and social conditions. However, progress has been uneven, and mortality has stalled or increased in some countries and regions. Two main types of child health programs have contributed to declines: short-term disease-specific initiatives and more general primary health care programs. Both program approaches need to evolve to complete the goal of improving child health worldwide, with a greater emphasis on household behaviors and interventions across the life cycle.
Maternal health in developing countries is a very neglected subject. Each year, 500,000 women die from pregnancy and childbirth complications, with 98% of these deaths occurring in developing nations. Some of the main issues discussed in the document include maternal mortality being caused by hemorrhage, sepsis, infection, and ruptured uterus. Problems like malnutrition in children and mothers can also lead to issues like anemia. The document advocates for increasing access to skilled healthcare workers and emergency obstetric care, as promoted by organizations like UNICEF, to help address maternal health problems in developing countries.
International Child Protection Consultant
Child Protection Safety Net Project
Albania
Capitalization of Work: Learning from Experience
March 2013
N. Beth Bradford, MA
The document discusses maternal and child health in Kenya, noting that 189,000 children under five die there each year. While Kenya has made some progress toward UN Millennium Development Goals for reducing child and maternal mortality, progress has been insufficient or nonexistent. Simple, affordable solutions exist but require political will and implementation of high-impact interventions to expand access to healthcare, clean water, nutrition, and more. World Vision contributes to these efforts through various maternal, newborn, child health and nutrition programs in Kenya.
This document summarizes a case study on infant mortality rate (IMR) and malnourishment in Satna, Madhya Pradesh, India. It begins with definitions of IMR from organizations like UNICEF and WHO. It then provides background on worldwide and Indian IMR trends, noting that Satna has a higher IMR than most other Indian states and countries globally. The document describes conducting surveys of local officials and residents in Satna to understand factors contributing to high IMR and malnourishment. Key factors identified include lack of access to healthcare, sanitation issues, and poverty. The document concludes by suggesting steps like improving nutrition programs and healthcare access to help reduce IMR and malnourishment in Satna.
Joao McXimenes Timor Leste to Win Stunting.pptxCorreiaXimenes
This document summarizes a presentation on stunting and environmental health risk factors in Timor-Leste. It discusses how stunting refers to children being too short for their age and can cause physical and cognitive damage. In Timor-Leste, surveys show stunting rates have remained very high at around 47% of children under 5 from 2010 to 2020. The main causes of stunting identified are inadequate nutrition, recurrent infections, lack of sanitation and access to healthcare. Timor-Leste has implemented a national strategy to address stunting through nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive programs, as well as building an enabling environment with multi-sectoral coordination and advocacy efforts.
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) - mainly cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer and chronic respiratory disease - are not just one of the world’s most pressing health concerns but also a significant development challenge. They impede social and economic development and are driven by underlying social, economic, political, environmental and cultural factors, broadly known as ‘social determinants’.
Working alongside specialist health partners, actors outside the health sector are uniquely well positioned to address the social determinants of NCDs.
Kissito Healthcare Presient and CEO, Tom Clarke, met with OB-GYN professionsals from Carillion Hospital on September 30th to discuss Kissito's international child and maternal healthcare operations in Uganda and Ethiopia.
Quote from the Introduction from the Global Nutrition report
"This year’s Global Nutrition Report focuses on the interdependence of the SDGs, and how progress against one goal generates progress for all. Nowhere are these linkages more evident than in the food agenda. As the producers, manufacturers and retailers of most of the world’s food, business has a responsibility to help drive the food system transformation. As a progressive food company, we are
committed to helping redesign our global food and agriculture system, to give everyone access to healthy and nutritious food and diets and thereby create a brighter future for all.
Global Health | Burden of Diseases | millennium goals of global health | Repo...Shashwat Awasthie
This document provides an overview of global health topics including:
- Definitions of global health and factors that influence it like social determinants.
- The top 10 countries funding global health initiatives led by the US.
- A history of organizations like the UN and WHO and their role in global health.
- Metrics used to measure and compare health across countries like HDI and life expectancy.
- Leading causes of death globally and growing issues like chronic diseases.
- The Millennium Development Goals framework for improving health worldwide.
Sharing from USAID:
The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) is pleased to announce the release of its “Annual Progress Report to Congress: Global Health Programs FY 2014.” The report presents a summary of USAID’s key global health accomplishments during the previous fiscal year. From improving children’s nutrition to supporting antiretroviral treatment for millions of individuals, USAID programs had a great impact in 2014.
As the largest investor in global health, USAID is leading efforts to improve and save lives worldwide. In partnership with countries, non-governmental organizations, the faith-based community, and the private sector, the Agency is reaching people with the greatest need in the most remote areas. USAID works to further President Barack Obama’s vision to end extreme poverty through its ongoing contributions to ending preventable child and maternal deaths, creating an AIDS-free generation and protecting communities from infectious diseases.
Ghia foundation strategy document v4.dec.17.2015 (ab)Ghia Foundation
GHIA FOUNDATION WAS FOUNDED IN 2013 by a team of kind-heated Professionals.
VISION: A World where women in developing Countries live healthier , longer lives
MISSION – To reduce morbidity and mortality among women in developing Countries by strengthening Health Systems to deliver high quality, comprehensive health services.
Born too soon the global action report on preterm birthPaul Mark Pilar
The report Born Too Soon analyzes the global problem of preterm birth. It features the first estimates of preterm birth rates by country and is authored by over 45 international experts. The report finds that about 15 million babies are born prematurely each year, which is more than 1 in 10 babies worldwide. Prematurity is the leading cause of newborn death and the second leading cause of death in children under 5 years of age. Many preterm babies who survive face lifelong disabilities. The report highlights proven solutions to save lives of preterm babies and reduce rates of death and disability.
The document discusses the progress and shortcomings of the UN's Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and analyzes how the new Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim to address nutrition, food security, and empowerment of women and children. Some key successes of the MDGs include reducing extreme poverty and hunger. However, critics argue that the MDGs lacked attention to issues like obesity, gender disparities, and measuring absolute vs. relative progress. The SDGs propose to take a more holistic approach and address root causes of issues like inequality and human rights. Overall, the document analyzes how the UN aims to empower women and children through pursuing nutrition and food security goals.
The Global Nutrition Report's emphasis on nutritional well-being for all, particularly the most vulnerable, has a heightened significance in the face of this new global threat. The need for more equitable, resilient and sustainable food and health systems has never been more urgent.
Diabetes is a serious, chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin (a hormone that regulates blood glucose), or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces (1). Raised blood glucose, a common effect of uncontrolled diabetes, may, over time, lead to serious damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys and nerves. More than 400 million people live with diabetes.
It is very important to pay attention to the double burden of the communicable and noncommunicable diseases in the Low and Middle Income Countries (LMIC). In this presentation we discuss the association between HIV and its treatment and Diabetes mellitus.
The document discusses the Millennium Development Goals established in 2000 to improve human development by 2015. It outlines the 8 goals and related targets and indicators to measure progress in reducing poverty, hunger, disease, lack of education, and gender inequality. While some progress was made, many targets are unlikely to be met given uneven progress across regions, with sub-Saharan Africa in particular continuing to face many challenges in improving health, education, and development standards.
World hunger is a crippling crisis which plagues humanity. We are all one people, cosmopolitans. Together we can solve this crisis. The money necessary to end world hunger is nominal at best and cheap in relative reality to the economy. By ending world hunger, a seed will germinate in the throat of greed. Opportunity will blossom where watered. Philanthropy
The document provides an introduction and overview of the World Health Organization (WHO). It discusses WHO's role in international health as the directing and coordinating authority within the UN. It summarizes some of WHO's key activities like producing health guidelines, supporting health research, and jointly tackling global health problems. It also briefly outlines WHO's history, structure, partnerships, and some notable achievements in eradicating diseases.
Presentation from the European Scientific Conference on Applied Infectious Disease Epidemiology (ESCAIDE), published by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)
Similar to ICN2-Situation and trends of malnutrition and impact on morbidity and mortality (20)
Agenda of the 5th NENA Soil Partnership meetingFAO
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ICN2-Situation and trends of malnutrition and impact on morbidity and mortality
1. Situation and trends of malnutrition
and impact on morbidity and mortality
F. Branca
Director Department of Nutrition for Health and development
WHO/HQ
PREPARATORY TECHNICAL MEETING
FAO Headquarters, Rome, Italy
13-15 November 2013
2. Malnutrition : is MDG1 (target 1c) enough ?
Source : UN MDG report 2013
3. 162 million children with stunted growth in 2012
Source: UNICEF, WHO, The World Bank. Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates.
(UNICEF, New York; WHO, Geneva; The World Bank, Washington, DC; 2013
5. 51 million wasted children in 2012
Source: UNICEF, WHO, The World Bank. Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates.
(UNICEF, New York; WHO, Geneva; The World Bank, Washington, DC; 2013
6. Where are the hot spots for acute malnutrition?
Source: UNICEF, WHO, The World Bank. Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates.
(UNICEF, New York; WHO, Geneva; The World Bank, Washington, DC; 2013
7. Trends in Low Birth Weight
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1980s 1990s 2000s
%
Years
World Africa East Asia
South Asia South East Asia latin America & Caribbean
West Asia
Source : UNSCN, 2010
9. 496 million non pregnant women
and 32 million pregnant women with anemia
Source : Stevens et al. Lancet Glob Health 2013; 1: e16–25
10. 273 million children with anemia
Source : Stevens et al. Lancet Glob Health 2013; 1: e16–25
11. Prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (1995–2005),
iodine deficiency (2013), inadequate zinc intake
(2005),
Source : Black et al. Lancet June 2013
12. 44 million children are overweight
Source: UNICEF, WHO, The World Bank. Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates.
(UNICEF, New York; WHO, Geneva; The World Bank, Washington, DC; 2013
13. 500 million obese individuals aged 20+ years (2008)
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
AFR AMR EMR EUR SEAR WPR Low
income
Low er
middle
income
Upper
middle
income
High
income
% of population
Men Women Both Sexes
Source: Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2010. World Health Organization 2011
18. Burden of disease attributable to 20 leading risk factors
in 2010, as a % of global DALYs
High BMI accounted for
3.4 M deaths and 3·8%
of global DALYs in 2010
Poor diet and physical
inactivity 10% of global
DALYs
19. Key messages
• Multiple forms of malnutrition coexist :
• Low birth weight, wasting, stunting
• Micronutrient deficiencies
• Overweight/obesity and diet related NCDs
• Malnutrition is not decreasing and is affecting the majority of
the world population
• The changing burden of disease should influence the way we
think global development
• There are important differences in the world distribution of
different forms of malnutrition, but similar global trends
Editor's Notes
When the 1st International Conference on Nutrition was convened in 1992 malnutrition was primarily defined as inadequate availability of food energy (undernourishment) and as underweight in children under 5. Target 1 c aimed at halving the population who is undernourished and the proportion of underweight children. The 2013 report on MDG progress indicates that large progress has been done for these two indicators, but the 2015 target is unlikely to be achieved in some world regions, namely Southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. In 2012 still about 100 million children under 5 were underweight.
Since 1992 the narrative on malnutrition has changed. We now have identified a more sensitive indicator of nutritional status, based on the height for age of children under 5. A stunted child has an immediate higher risk for communicable diseases and a longer term higher risk of chronic diseases; a stunted child does not develop in the same way as a normally growing child and in the long term has less professional opportunities. In 2012 162 million children under 5 were stunted, approximately one child out of three. This and other graphs in my presentation are taken from the recently issued joint estimates of child malnutrition developed by UNICEF, WHO and the World Bank
4
Acute malnutrition is the complement, and intimately associated to chronic malnutrition. In 2012 acute malnutrition was present in 51 million children, 8% of children under 5. Out of them, 17 million were affected by the most severe and life threatening form of wasting..
6
In some parts of the world, the restriction of growth starts during conception. This can be measured through the infants’ weight at birth Low Birth Weight is one of the consequences of poor maternal nutrition. Little changes have been see in Low birth weight in the last 30 years as the 6th Report on the World Nutrition Situation indicated.
Some of the low birth weights are due to prematurity and some are due to stunted intrauterine growth. This slide shows the proportion of children born small for gestational age. In Asia the prevalence of small for gestational age reached approximately 30%. SGA babies are more prone to be stunted and have a higher risk of chronic diseases later in life.
A second form of malnutrition, linked to the inadequate intake of vitamins and minerals, has been better recognized since 1992. It has also been named the hidden hunger, as its impact was not so apparent, but not less able to affect biological function. The condition with the highest prevalence is anemia. Here we focus on women, in whom the impact of anemia is greater, on their own health – as anemia affects women’s mortality, wellbeing and working capacity – and on the health of their offspring. Anemia is due to multiple causes, including birth spacing, malaria and other infectious diseases. A large proportion of the anemic women is located in South Asia.
A large proportion of anemias – approximately half – are due to iron deficiency. In 2011 approximately 530 million women were anemic. The prevalence of anemias has been fairly stable in the last few years and therefore the number has increased due to the population growth.
Anemia also affects over 270 million children under 5. Early childhood anemia is associated with impaired cognitive development.
Other important micronutrient deficiencies include vitamin A deficiency, both in children under 5 and in women and iodine deficiency. One third of children under 5 and one sixth of pregnant women are thought to be vitamin A deficient, based on serum retinol levels and a bit less than a third of the world populations is thought to be still having a iodine problem, based on the analysis of urinary iodine excretion. We are now increasingly able to recognize the presence of zinc deficiency, which is thought to affect one in five individuals.
The third from of malnutriton, that in 1992 was started to be recognised globally is overweight. Overweight was thought to be an issue only for high oncome countries and populations, and an issue for middle aged men. We can now say that overweight is almost ubiquitous, starts early in life and is rapidly increasing. In 2012 44 million children before age 5 were overweight. 30 million were in lower middle income countries and 6 million in low income countries
Globally, we estimate that at least half a billion adults have the most severe form of overweight, with a BMI of 30 +, obesity. While the highest prepavalence is observed in countries with higher income, we can see a sizeable presence in countries with lower income.
This slides focuses on the changes of prevalence observed in women’s overweight compared to that of underweight, or thinness (i.e. when BMI is below 18.5 kg/m2. Globally, underweight has only slightly declined, while overweight and obesity have seen a rapid growth. In Asia still about one woman in five is underweight. In contrast, more than half of women in Latin America are overweight.
This slide shows even better the coexistence of the two conditions in the same country. In South Africa, for example, over 40% of women is obese, the more severe condition, and 10% is underweight. The reverse happens in Bangladesh, where over 40% of the women is underweighth and 5% obese.
The different conditions often coexist and overlap. This analysis by FAO indicates that most countries have to deal with multiple forms of malnutrition simultaneously. We will not be surprised to see that stunting and micronutrient deficiencies are almost constantly associated. I would like to draw your attention particularly to the association of stunting and micronutrient deficiencies with obesity, that appears in the group of countries with high level of urbanization, where the nutrition transition has taken place.
In 1992 the top risk factor for the global burden of disease was childhood underweight. No surprise that this became a major target for the world development efforts. The 2010 analysis of the burden of disease indicated that the leading risk factor for poor health was instead high blood pressure
Still childhood underweight and suboptimal breastfeeding are a leading risk factor in sub-saharan Africa, but the other forms of malnutrition have gained the sad leadership in taking people’s lives. High BMI was responsible for 3.8% of the global Disability Adjusted Life Years in 2010, a measure of ill health. Dietary factors feature highly in the top 10. Collectively, and together with physical inactivity, they account for 10% of the global DALYs