This ppt is About Rabies epidemiology and treatment .
This is done by using Park book 24th edition of PSM .
This presentation is presented in academics of Master of public health in Christian medical college .
One more Important thing is that that zareb regime (intramuscular ) is not practiced . We try to make this ppt lucid. and the statistics is used in the presentation is upto 27 june 2018
This ppt is About Rabies epidemiology and treatment .
This is done by using Park book 24th edition of PSM .
This presentation is presented in academics of Master of public health in Christian medical college .
One more Important thing is that that zareb regime (intramuscular ) is not practiced . We try to make this ppt lucid. and the statistics is used in the presentation is upto 27 june 2018
Rabies is a severe, viral disease that can affect all mammals, including humans. Infection results in damage to the nervous system. The disease almost always ends in death. Rabies occurs worldwide.
Rabies is a severe, viral disease that can affect all mammals, including humans. Infection results in damage to the nervous system. The disease almost always ends in death. Rabies occurs worldwide.
Things to Know About Canine Heartworm Disease.pptxBestVetCare
Heartworm disease is a serious disease that results in severe lung disease, heart failure, other organ damage, and death in pets, mainly dogs, cats, and ferrets. It is caused by a parasitic worm called Dirofilaria immitis. The worms are spread through the bite of a mosquito.
ICAWC 2015 - The Power of Play - Alasdair BunyanDogs Trust
Play can be used as a highly valuable reinforcement, but in order to use play in our training a greater awareness of breed specific play styles and canine communication must be understood.
Alasdair will discuss the importance of play, play styles, appropriate and inappropriate play and thoughts on motivation and how to use play as reinforcement to both the handlers and dog’s benefit.
ICAWC 2015 - Reinforcing the Canine Human Bond Through Training - Alasdair Bu...Dogs Trust
The working relationship between the handler and the dog, and the dog’s understanding of the concept of training should be built prior to any intense behavioural modification taking place. Alasdair will discuss the working relationship fundamentals and then the prime behaviours that should be implemented before any behavioural modification takes place.
Heather will illustrate a pilot welfare assessment protocol which has been trialed and refined at two existing TNR programmes. The authors have identified gaps in current understanding and interpretation of dog behaviours, highlighting the need for a solid understanding of canine behavioural communication.
ICAWC 2015 - Ins and outs of homing cats - David NewallDogs Trust
This talk will focus on Cats Protection’s thoughts on the sort of changes they have made and continue to make to homing processes; avoiding relinquishment, direct home-to-home adoptions etc. David will also include pieces from Cats Protection research, a lot of which is relevant to shelters in any country.
ICAWC 2015 - Humane Community Development - Kate Nattrass Atema Dogs Trust
Humane Community Development: An “inside-out” approach to humane dog population management
This presentation will discuss IFAW’s newest approach to humane dog management: a community-centered process called Humane Community Development.
Dogs Trust, with the help of Animal Rights Protection Lithuania, has undertaken two investigations looking at the illegal import of puppies across the EU. Despite conclusive evidence from the 1st investigation being presented to the EU and national government along with a series of urgent recommendations set out by Dogs Trust to help curb the trade, the puppy trafficking trade has continued unabated. In early 2015, Dogs Trust went back into Eastern Europe to highlight that the Pet Travel Scheme (PETS) is still being used as a cover by commercial breeders and dealers in Lithuania and Romania on a regular basis to illegally import puppies, often in horrendous conditions, and transporting them thousands of miles without their mothers.
ICAWC 2015 - Nick Daniel - Standing out from the crowdDogs Trust
All too often companies and charities don’t focus on the things they need to achieve their aims. This presentation highlights some of the things we get wrong and some examples of brands who’ve got it right.
ICAWC 2015 - Luke Gamble - Mission Rabies Dogs Trust
Mission Rabies and Dogs Trust have worked together with key local NGOs in world rabies hotspots to vaccinate over 250,000 dogs in the last 18months and educate over 300,000 children in how to interact with street dogs. This presentation seeks to illustrate some of the Mission Rabies flagship projects, the NGO’s involved and provide some tips as to how your shelter/NGO can integrate a humanitarian component which will strengthen and champion the objective of increasing moral perception towards animals in local communities – as well as boost the profile of your organisation.
ICAWC 2015 - Claire Calder - EU Activity UpdateDogs Trust
The EU Dog & Cat Alliance was launched at ICAWC in 2014 and is made up of dog and cat welfare organisations from across the EU, which have come together to lobby for action to protect dogs and cats.
This talk will give an update on EU activities and the Alliance’s achievements so far. This includes their work on puppy smuggling, as well as the launch of a ground-breaking report which brings together the national legislation on dog and cat breeding and trade in all 28 EU countries for the first time.
ICAWC 2015 - Puppy Smuggling in Europe - Paula Boyden & Brigita KymantaiteDogs Trust
Dogs Trust, with the help of Animal Rights Protection Lithuania, has undertaken two investigations looking at the illegal import of puppies across the EU.
In this talk, Sarah explores the idea of a dog’s “bank account” and whether the opportunities that add value to a individual dog’s life outweigh the inevitable outgoings that will occur or whether they are operating on consistently low reserves.
ICAWC 2015 - Paul Wass & Alasdair Bunyan - Building for future welfare Dogs Trust
This presentation looks at the design constraints that Dogs Trust had to overcome when building their latest centre in Manchester on an industrial estate.
ICAWC 2015 - When Love Breaks Down - Sandra Duarte CardosoDogs Trust
Sandra discusses the findings from a study which recorded the reasons for relinquishment of dogs and cats in the municipalities of Sintra and Cascais, both districts in Lisbon.
IACWC 2015 - Workshop - Rick Hayman - Infection control in the animal shelterDogs Trust
This talk includes advice and recommendations for improving infection control within an animal shelter, covering recommended equipment, guidelines and disinfectant portfolios as well as ideas on preventing outbreaks and reducing risks of cross infection within the shelter environment.
La transidentité, un sujet qui fractionne les FrançaisIpsos France
Ipsos, l’une des principales sociétés mondiales d’études de marché dévoile les résultats de son étude Ipsos Global Advisor “Pride 2024”. De ses débuts aux Etats-Unis et désormais dans de très nombreux pays, le mois de juin est traditionnellement consacré aux « Marches des Fiertés » et à des événements festifs autour du concept de Pride. A cette occasion, Ipsos a réalisé une enquête dans vingt-six pays dressant plusieurs constats. Les clivages des opinions entre générations s’accentuent tandis que le soutien à des mesures sociétales et d’inclusion en faveur des LGBT+ notamment transgenres continue de s’effriter.
Johnny Depp Long Hair: A Signature Look Through the Yearsgreendigital
Johnny Depp, synonymous with eclectic roles and unparalleled acting prowess. has also been a significant figure in fashion and style. Johnny Depp long hair is a distinctive trademark among the various elements that define his unique persona. This article delves into the evolution, impact. and cultural significance of Johnny Depp long hair. exploring how it has contributed to his iconic status.
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Introduction
Johnny Depp is an actor known for his chameleon-like ability to transform into a wide range of characters. from the eccentric Captain Jack Sparrow in "Pirates of the Caribbean" to the introspective Edward Scissorhands. His long hair is one constant throughout his evolving roles and public appearances. Johnny Depp long hair is not a style choice but a significant aspect of his identity. contributing to his allure and mystique. This article explores the journey and significance of Johnny Depp long hair. highlighting how it has become integral to his brand.
The Early Years: A Budding Star with Signature Locks
1980s: The Rise of a Young Heartthrob
Johnny Depp's journey in Hollywood began in the 1980s. with his breakout role in the television series "21 Jump Street." During this time, his hair was short, but it was already clear that Depp had a penchant for unique and edgy styles. By the decade's end, Depp started experimenting with longer hair. setting the stage for a lifelong signature.
1990s: From Heartthrob to Icon
The 1990s were transformative for Johnny Depp his career and personal style. Films like "Edward Scissorhands" (1990) and "Benny & Joon" (1993) saw Depp sporting various hair lengths and styles. But, his long, unkempt hair in "What's Eating Gilbert Grape" (1993) began to draw significant attention. This period marked the beginning of Johnny Depp long hair. which became a defining feature of his image.
The Iconic Roles: Hair as a Character Element
Edward Scissorhands (1990)
In "Edward Scissorhands," Johnny Depp's character had a wild and mane that complemented his ethereal and misunderstood persona. This role showcased how long hair Johnny Depp could enhance a character's depth and mystery.
Captain Jack Sparrow: The Pirate with Flowing Locks
One of Johnny Depp's iconic roles is Captain Jack Sparrow from the "Pirates of the Caribbean" series. Sparrow's long, dreadlocked hair symbolised his rebellious and unpredictable nature. The character's look, complete with beads and trinkets woven into his hair. was a collaboration between Depp and the film's costume designers. This style became iconic and influenced fashion trends and Halloween costumes worldwide.
Other Memorable Characters
Depp's long hair has also been featured in other roles, such as Ichabod Crane in "Sleepy Hollow" (1999). and Roux in "Chocolat" (2000). In these films, his hair added a layer of authenticity and depth to his characters. proving that Johnny Depp with long hair is more than a style—it's a storytelling tool.
Off-Screen Influenc
Is your favorite ring slipping and sliding on your finger? You're not alone. Must Read this Guide on What To Do If Your Ring Is Too Big as shared by the experts of Andrews Jewelers.
From Stress to Success How Oakland's Corporate Wellness Programs are Cultivat...Kitchen on Fire
Discover how Oakland's innovative corporate wellness initiatives are transforming workplace culture, nurturing the well-being of employees, and fostering a thriving environment. From comprehensive mental health support to flexible work arrangements and holistic wellness workshops, these programs are empowering individuals to navigate stress effectively, leading to increased productivity, satisfaction, and overall success.
What Makes Candle Making The Ultimate Bachelorette CelebrationWick & Pour
The above-discussed factors are the reason behind an increasing number of millennials opting for candle making events to celebrate their bachelorette. If you are in search of any theme for your bachelorette then do opt for a candle making session to make your celebration memorable for everyone involved.
2. Movement of Animals
• From 2001, pet animals have been
allowed to travel throughout the EU as
long as they had a pet passport
3. 1st January 2012
• Individual country derogations reviewed /
removed:
– NO requirement for rabies titre (blood) test to
enter UK, Ireland, Malta, Sweden
– 6 month wait prior to (re-)entry reduced to 3
weeks
– Tapeworm treatment window extended to 24-
120 hours
– NO requirement for tick treatment
4. Movement of Pets: The Future
• 998/2003
– Movement of animals before 3 months of age
– Derogation from anti-rabies vaccination
– Participating in competitions, exhibiting,
sporting or recreational events or in training for
these events
11. Rabies: The Disease
• Very variable, sometimes death can be
acute and few signs seen
– Change of demeanour and behaviour
– Restless, confused, disoriented
– Altered vocalisation
– Incoordination, paralysis, salivation, ‘bone in
throat’ syndrome
– Aggression, biting, hypersexuality
– ‘Fly-snapping’, pica
12. Rabies in Humans
• Localised pain or
paraesthesia
• Change in behaviour,
anxiety, fear,
aggression
• Aerophobia
• Hydrophobia
• Paralysis, coma, death
15. Factors Affecting Vaccine Failure
• Vet Record (2004) 154, 423-426
– Factors affecting the serological response of
dogs and cats to rabies vaccination
(Mansfield, Burr et al)
• BSAVA Proceedings 2005 (Abstract)
– Do dogs vary in their response to Rabies
vaccination (Kennedy et al)
17. Comparison of Vaccines
(Dogs)
30
25
Vaccine A
20
15 Vaccine B
10
Vaccine C
5
0
Mean Titre IU/m L % Failed Tes ts
(<0.5IU/m L)
Significant differences (p<0.01) between each
vaccine for mean titres and % fails
18. Number of Doses Used
• Dogs: Using a primary course of 2 doses will
increase the mean titre achieved
• Cats: No significant increase in titre after 2
doses
• D/S recommends 2 doses in young, naïve
individuals
19. Age
• Adults significantly more likely to pass
than old or young
• Kennedy: 10400 dogs;
– <1yr, 1-7yrs, >7yrs
– Adults>old>young
• ?Take into account when electing number
of doses to use
20. Effect of Interval Between
Vaccination and Sampling
8
7
6
5 Mean Titre (IU/mL)
4
3
2
1
0
<30 30-59 60-89 90-119 ≥120
Compared to 30-59 day interval, significant (p<0.05)
increase in titre for 0-29 days, and highly significant
(p<0.01) decreases in titre for longer time intervals.
21. Breed
• Larger breeds appear
to have lower
response to
vaccination than small
breeds
– Burr, personal
communication
– Kennedy:
Rottweilers
Greyhounds
22. Study: Main Conclusions
• Dogs <6months old had significantly lower titres
• Ability to respond may decline with age
• Timing of sampling and number of doses had
most significant impact of titres
23. Risk of Rabies
• Number of cases across EU has declined
• No guarantee of the response to
vaccination
• Increased potential for incubating animals
to cross borders
• Number of animals travelling (legally) has
increased
• Increase in illegal movements
24. Rabies Control
“To solve the problem
of rabies would be a
blessing for
humanity” (Louis Pasteur)
28. Risk of Echinococcus granulosus
• Praziquantal will only kill tapeworms
present at the time
• Increasing the treatment window up to 5
days increases the chances of re-
infection prior to travel
• Sweden has already lost its derogation
due to Echinococcus granulous being
detected
29. Limitations of PETS
• PETS is in place to protect human health
• Animal health is not a primary
consideration
• No vaccine is 100% effective
• Complying with PETS will not ensure a
pet remains healthy if it travels to another
country
38. Leishmania infection
• Highly immune dogs clear infection (20-40%)
• Some breeds (eg Ibizan hounds) appear to
have higher resistance
• Once infection is established, it cannot be
cured
39. Clinical infection
• Very variable!
• Vague illness
• May be a long gap between being
infected and becoming ill
42. Testing – what are we
looking for?
Leishmania itself Antibody
Includes looking at blood/ Dog has fought infection
bone marrow under Body’s response to disease
microscope and PCR test
Includes Speed Leish K
43. When to test
• Easier to diagnose when dogs are ill
– Both antibody and parasite levels are higher
• If available, use PCR tests – most
sensitive
44. Treatment
• Generally remission NOT
cure
• Allopurinol (Zyloric)
• Meglumine antimonate
(Glucantime)
• Amphotericin B (Fungizone)
• Treatment can be toxic,
especially when combined
with damage from leishmania
53. Signs of ehrlichia
• Acute (8-20 days after infection)
– Vague depression, fever, weight loss, poor
appetite
– Enlarged lymph nodes, nosebleeds, bleeding
into skin
• If diagnosed and treated in acute phase,
often recover
• Otherwise progress to chronic infection
54. Chronic ehrlichia infection
• As for acute, but more severe
– Emaciation
– Swelling of hindlegs and scrotum
– Pale gums
– Eye problems
– Neurological problems
55. Treatment of ehrlichia
• Doxycycline for at least 2-3 weeks
• May relapse
• Infection with both ehrlichia and babesia
may occur
56. Prevention of babesia and
ehrlichia
• Good parasite control
• Scalibor, Frontline, Advantix
Babesia only:-
• Vaccine (does not completely prevent
infection)
58. Heartworm (dirofilaria
immitis)
• A type of roundworm
• Spread by mosquitos
• Worms lodge in the
arteries of the lungs
• Dogs and cats
59. Signs of infection
• Depends on how bad the infection is
• May be sudden onset but more often
gradual
• Coughing
• Trouble breathing
• Unable to exercise
• Weight loss
• Fainting
• Sudden death
60. Treatment of heartworm
• Regular worming (not all
wormers!)
• Macrolides
– Ivermectin, Moxidectin,
Selamectin)
• Reactions can occur on
worming
• Surgical removal of
worms from heart
62. Should we worry?
• Animal health and welfare
• Owner awareness
• Vet awareness
• Treatment availability
• Stress and expense for new owner
63. Conclusions
• Travelling diseases a serious problem
• May be different in non endemic country eg UK
• Export of infection best avoided where possible
• Test before import (and 6 months after if leish
endemic)
64. Acknowledgements
• Centre for Evidence-based Veterinary
Medicine
• Rachel Dean and Gemma Clark
• Dogs Trust
• ICAWC
• Thank you!
65. Websites which pictures have
been ‘borrowed’ from
http://www.parasitologie.univ-
montp1.fr/english_vers/en_leish2.htm
http://globalhealthvet.com/2010/10/05/working-in-morocco-
recurring-leishmaniasis-in-a-canine-patient/
http://www.who.int/leishmaniasis/surveillance/slides_manua
l/en/index5.html
http://www.bestvetstore.com/leishmaniasis-in-dogs/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/19187511@N00/2478336427/
http://silvercoastangelicdogs.wordpress.com/2012/04/05/ca
nine-leishmaniasis-vaccine-now-available-in-portugal/
http://www.pepisdogrefuge.com/news.html
http://www.noahs-arks.net/RESCUE/SAM.html
67. The Law: EU and listed non-EU
• Microchip
• Vaccinate against rabies
• Wait for 3 weeks
• Travel
• If travelling to UK, Ireland, Malta, Finland:
treat against tapeworm Echinococcus
granulosus 24-120 hours before travel
68. Listed Non-EU Countries
Belarus Liechtenstein Russian
Federation
Bosnia Monaco Switzerland
Herzegovina
Croatia Norway Vatican
69. Unlisted Countries
• Microchip
• Vaccinate
• Blood sample after 30 days
• Wait 3 months from date of successful
blood sample
• Travel
• Tapeworm
70. Further Considerations
• What infectious diseases are prevelent
across Europe?
– CPV / CDV / CAV
– Leptospirosis
– FPL / FeLV / Cat ‘flu
• What about further afield?
– WSAVA guidelines
71. Further Considerations
• What infectious diseases are prevalent in the
country of origin?
• Are there appropriate tests available?
• Are these diseases endemic in the destination
country?
– Naïve population
– Should we risk introducing the disease into this?
72. Further Considerations?
• What infectious diseases are prevalent in
the destination country?
• Is there a vaccine available?
• Vaccinate before travel?
73. Leishmaniasis
• Sandfly transmitted
• Prevalent around the Med basin
• Zoonotic
• PCR test available
– Before travel
– 6 months later
• Can manage but not cure
74. Other Diseases
• Dirofilaria (Heartworm)
– Regular treatment required to prevent clinical
disease
• Babesia
• Ehrlichia
75. In Practice
• Comply with rules regarding movement of
animals
• Test for diseases prevalent in the country
of origin but absent at destination
• Prevention against diseases prevalent in
the destination country
A passport remains valid for travel until the date the animal’s rabies booster is due. The date is calculated by REFERENCE TO THE VALIDITY PERIOD OF THE VACCINE GIVEN ON THE MANUFACTURER’S DATA SHEETThe validity period will vary depending on which country an animal was vaccinated in
Distribution in 2010
Diseases which cross bordersMainly dogsSome catsMainly from a UK perspectiveFor those who are importing animalsSome affect cats or other animals tooSome charities importingAlso pets, breeding stock
Arthropod-borne
Visceral, cutaneous and mucocutaneous
German Shepherd Dogs appear to be especially susceptible
Ie it comes and goes over timeMany infected dogs will look healthy for weeks, months or years before becoming ill
Eye problems, splenomegaly, weight loss despite good appetite, sometimes lameness
Antibody shows the dog has been exposedUnlike many other diseases, where high antibodies are present in recovered animals, high abs in leish tend to be related to parasitic dissemination. However may take up to 5 months post-infection for titre to riseBoth are higher in actively infected dogsNeither completely rules out infection if negativeSensitivity of tests varyOften a combination used to diagnoseOften only one used for screening – expensiveThis means some positives will always be missed – but need to minimise number
Because of lag to antibody +ve is useful to re-test
Leish attacks the kidneys which is a particular problem with all of the anti-leish drugs
Dog to dog transmission rare but has been reportedNo competent vector yet in the UK
Arthropod-borne
Babesia – abx won’t work, life stages, hard to get rid of
Can also show liver, kidney, neuro, resp signs
Different drugs and combinations to tryOften can have side effects, sometimes severe – like leishmaniaUnlike leishmania, no vaccine as yet
Arthropod-borne
Babesia – abx won’t work, life stages, hard to get rid of
Many of the signs are similar – can be hard to tell clinically which is which or both – more anaemia with babesia but can be either
Different drugs and combinations to tryOften can have side effects, sometimes severe – like leishmaniaUnlike leishmania, no vaccine as yet
Vaccine available in some parts of EuropeLimits clinical signs rather than preventing infection
Arthropod-borne
Low burden may be clinically silent
If worm a heavily infected dog, all of the dying worms can cause a rxn and make them quite sick
Arthropod-borne
Dog to dog transmission of leishRhipicephalus population in UK