The document discusses infectious diseases in cats and dogs, emphasizing prevention, protection, and control strategies against diseases like parvovirus and cat flu. It outlines the importance of vaccination, proper hygiene, and recognizing early signs of illness, especially in shelter environments. The authors advocate for responsible pet ownership and effective management practices to reduce the spread of infectious diseases among animals.

1. Infectious diseases and vaccination in cats and dogs Rachel Dean and Jenny Stavisky

2. Introductions Rachel Jenny

3. What we do.... Visit Teach Help

4. The Plan Principles of disease prevention & control Bug, Host, Environment Prevent, Protect, Control Infectious diseases Parvovirus in dogs Parvovirus in cats Cat flu Kennel cough

5. The problem Lots of animals Lots of bugs Stressful environment Bugs are cleverer than we are The ideal future: no overpopulation + responsible pet ownership = no shelters

6. Infectious diseases common in shelters Caused by a variety of ‘bugs’ Bacteria, viruses, fungi, worms.... Viruses probably the biggest problem Infectious diseases

7. Bug Host Environment Relationships

8. The Bug Which one(s) Which animals are affected How easily it’s transmitted How well it survives in the environment Bug

9. The Host Age Pregnancy/ birth Stress (physical or psychological) Immunity (vaccination)

10. Environment Contact between animals Presence of FOMITES Hygiene – cleaning, surfaces, drains, bedding Presence of quarantine/ isolation

11. Bug Host Environment Relationships DISEASE

12. Three Part Strategy PREVENT PROTECT CONTROL

13. PREVENT Are the animals in a healthy environment?

15. PREVENT Are the animals in a healthy environment? Nutrition and changes in diet

17. PREVENT Are the animals in a healthy environment? Nutrition and changes in diet Stress

19. PREVENT Are the animals in a healthy environment? Nutrition and changes in diet Stress Most vulnerable animals

21. PREVENT Are the animals in a healthy environment? Nutrition and changes in diet Stress Most vulnerable animals Vaccination

22. PROTECT Quarantine facilities for new arrivals

24. PROTECT Quarantine facilities for new arrivals Vaccinate!

25. What is a vaccine? Similar to natural infection Immune system responds to the vaccine and protects the animal for a period of time The body remembers

26. Types of vaccine Lots of different types Vaccination is safer than natural infection

27. Expectations Nothing can stop an animal meeting a bug Some vaccines stop clinical disease and shedding of virus – canine parvovirus Some vaccines reduce clinical disease and shedding of virus – cat flu

28. PROTECT

29. PROTECT At least two vaccines when they start their vaccines Vaccinate as soon as possible after entering the shelter

30. PROTECT Quarantine facilities for new arrivals Vaccinate! Vaccinate at the right age

31. Can be too young

32. Exception to the rule Poor start in life High risk

33. Never too old

34. PROTECT Quarantine facilities for new arrivals Vaccinate! Vaccinate at the right age Isolate sick animals

36. PROTECT Quarantine facilities for new arrivals Vaccinate! Vaccinate at the right time Isolate sick animals Avoid spread of disease

38. PREVENT

39. CONTROL Recognise a problem early

40. CONTROL Recognise a problem early Get EVERYONE involved

41. CONTROL Recognise a problem early Get EVERYONE involved Shut the area/shelter

43. CONTROL Recognise a problem early Get EVERYONE involved Shut the area/shelter Euthanasia

44. CONTROL

45. Think PREVENT PROTECT CONTROL

46. Teamwork! eds_catherding_low.MPG

47. The Plan Principles of disease prevention & control Bug, Host, Environment Prevent, Protect, Control Infectious diseases Parvovirus in dogs Parvovirus in cats Cat flu Kennel cough

48. Canine parvovirus The bug Small virus Very hardy and difficult to kill Faecal-oral transmission Likes rapidly dividing cells

49. Canine parvovirus The host Puppies At time of weaning Change of diet, stress, disease Canine parvovirus (and other causes of diarrhoea)

50. Canine parvovirus The environment Presence of lots of virus Other diseases Stress Canine parvovirus (and other causes of diarrhoea)

51. Canine parvovirus The disease Diarrhoea, often bloody Vomiting Miserable and lethargic Dead litters

52. Canine parvovirus Prevent Most vulnerable Foster pregnant bitches and litters Hygiene

53. Canine parvovirus Protect Dispose of faeces Isolate where possible Staff for isolation/clean last Vaccinate Canine parvovirus (and other causes of diarrhoea)

54. Canine parvovirus The vaccine works well Stops disease and shedding When and how frequently you give it will depend on the situation Pups get immunity directly from mother’s milk – maternal antibody Maternal antibody protects pups BUT interferes with vaccine

55. Canine parvovirus Maternal antibody gives protection in first weeks of life Amount depends on: Immunity of mum Mum’s milk production How much puppy suckles

56. Age of pup (weeks) 0 4 8 12 16 Maternal antibody level PREVENT

57. Canine parvovirus If in doubt vaccinate Start early and finish late!

58. Canine parvovirus Control Be suspicious early Alert your vet Hygiene very important Euthanasia Canine parvovirus (and other causes of diarrhoea)

59. Feline parvovirus = Feline Panleukopenia = Feline Infectious Enteritis

60. Feline Parvovirus The bug Very similar to the dog Can spread to dogs The host 3. The environment

61. Special cases wobblycat.avi

62. Feline Parvovirus Prevent Protect Vaccination is very good Control ISOLATE! Euthanasia?

63. Cat flu The bug(s) There are lots of them – viruses and bacteria Cat-cat spread Some are very good at living outside the body – FOMITES Can be infected with no signs – ‘Carriers’ Latent infection

64. Cat flu 2. The host Kittens are very vulnerable (> 6 weeks) Adults can get ill too

69. Cat flu 3. The environment Lots of bugs and lots of cats Bugs survive well outside the cat Carriers

70. Cat flu 3. The environment Stress makes it worse Latency

71. Cat flu PREVENT Hygiene Barriers Ventilation

72. Cat flu 2. PROTECT Keep quarantined until vaccinated Vaccination reduces amount of disease/virus does not prevent infection Isolate cats with flu

73. Cat flu 3. CONTROL After infection takes time to see disease One sneeze = TROUBLE! Call your vet Isolate Clean

74. Kennel cough 1. Bug Lots of bugs 2. Host Most dogs 3. Environment Many kennels

75. Kennel cough kennel cough.avi

76. Kennel cough Disease Coughing!!! Snotty noses Some mildly ill Few very ill Pneumonia Kennel cough

77. Kennel cough 1. Prevent Quarantine new dogs 2. Protect Vaccines may help 3. Control Isolate Fomites! Cats/humans Kennel cough

78. Think PREVENT PROTECT CONTROL

79. Thank you Centre for Evidence based Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine and Science ICAWC Shelters and animals Brigita