ICARUS-Meeting #19 | 5th co:op partner meeting - Carlos Vargas Alvarez del Castillo: Estonian evolution to the cyber era. How a country managed to rule the digital world

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ICARUS - International Centre for Archival Research

Carlos Vargas Alvarez del Castillo Estonian evolution to the cyber era. How a country managed to rule the digital world ICARUS-Meeting #19 | 5th co:op partner meeting 29–31 May 2017, The National Archives of Estonia, Nooruse 3, Tartu, Estonia

Science

Estonian evolution to the cyber era
How a country managed to rule the digital world?
carlos.vargas@raulwalter.com
Name CARLOS IVAN VARGAS
Date May 25th, 2017
the coolest digital society

(r)evolution
The bravest story of transformation.
©KaiKuusisto

a modest  
country that
extends beyond
its borders
+ population: 1.3 million
+ area: 45,339 km2
+ currency: Euro
+ member of: EU, NATO, WTO, OECD, DIGITAL 5
+ ICT sector: 7% of GDP
Finland
Russia
EST
Europe
Latvia
Lithuania
Sweden
Poland

our highest ratings
#1
OECD
tax competitiveness
#9
FREEDOM HOUSE
Index of Economic
Freedom
#16
WORLD BANK
Ease of doing business
#12
In Global Ease of Doing
Business ranking
#1
EUROPEAN COMMISSION
EU Digital Economy and
Society Index, Public Services
#2
FREEDOM HOUSE
Internet Freedom
#22
WORLD ECONOMIC
FORUM Networked
Readiness Index
#1
WORLD
ECONOMIC FORUM
Enterpreneurship

e-Estonia
The smartest digital solutions.
©TõnuTunnel

empowering
Easyest life: only marriage,
divorce and selling your house
are not digital.
Yet.
©TõnuRunnel

essential
Best secret weapons.
©TaanielMalleus
+ internet is considered a social right
+ every Estonian resident has a electronic ID
+ Estonians trust e-solutions

elaborated
Clear and honest principles.
©TõnuRunnel
+ once-only
+ no legacy
+ digital by default

efficient
+ digital signature saves 2% of GDP per year
+ 50 times more efficient connected police
+ 1/3 less queues at the hospitals
+ best tax collector in the world
+ i-voting 2.5 times cheaper
The biggest savings.
A stack of paper saved each month
300
meters

economical
The absurdest cost difference.
Finland
2 bln EUR per year
Estonia
50 mln EUR per year
UK
2O bln EUR per year

e-governance
The strongest digital leadership
brings results.
©TaanielMalleus
+ one interaction a day per Estonian
+ more than 242 million digital signatures
+ impactful e-governance built on trust and math

electronic ID
The strongest identity for life.
©estoniandesignhouse.ee
+ e-ID, mobile-ID, smart-ID
+ travel
+ digital signing
+ i-voting
+ business, banking
+ state and healthcare
+ public transport
+ loyalty card

engaging
The closest collaboration
through engagement.
©PaulMeiesaar

expert
Strongest competence in
building digital dreams.
©Ajujaht
+ most start-ups per capita in Europe
+ clients in 2/3 of the world

ease of doing business
Simplest and fastest business environment.
©EAS
+ 1st of tax competitiveness
+ most start-ups per capita
+ a few hours to start a company
+ hassle-free e-taxation
+ e-Residency – Estonian e-services to every world citizen

enter
+ first in the world
+ 135 countries
+ 18 000+ e-residents to date
+ 1 400+ new companies established
+ 2 900+ companies owned by e-residents
The widest playground for SMEs.
e-Residency

enter
Join the happiest community –
become an e-resident.
Digitally sign documents
and contracts
Verify the
authenticity of signed
documents
Encrypt and
transmit documents
securely
Establish an
Estonian company
online
Administer the
company from
anywhere in the world
Conduct e-banking
and remote money
transfers
Access online
payment service
providers
Declare
Estonian taxes
online

What is next?
©TaanielMalleus
+e-residency
+cross-border cooperation X-road
+real-time economy
+industry 4.0
+data embassy

the future is here!
Facebook e_Estonia
Twitter e_Estonia
LinkeIn e-Estonia
Youtube Estonian ICT
showroom@eas.ee
©JohannesArro
Carlos Ivan Vargas
carlos.vargas@raulwalter.com
www.raulwalter.com

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Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation

JAMES WEBB STUDY THE MASSIVE BLACK HOLE SEEDS

Sérgio Sacani

The pathway(s) to seeding the massive black holes (MBHs) that exist at the heart of galaxies in the present and distant Universe remains an unsolved problem. Here we categorise, describe and quantitatively discuss the formation pathways of both light and heavy seeds. We emphasise that the most recent computational models suggest that rather than a bimodal-like mass spectrum between light and heavy seeds with light at one end and heavy at the other that instead a continuum exists. Light seeds being more ubiquitous and the heavier seeds becoming less and less abundant due the rarer environmental conditions required for their formation. We therefore examine the different mechanisms that give rise to different seed mass spectrums. We show how and why the mechanisms that produce the heaviest seeds are also among the rarest events in the Universe and are hence extremely unlikely to be the seeds for the vast majority of the MBH population. We quantify, within the limits of the current large uncertainties in the seeding processes, the expected number densities of the seed mass spectrum. We argue that light seeds must be at least 103 to 105 times more numerous than heavy seeds to explain the MBH population as a whole. Based on our current understanding of the seed population this makes heavy seeds (Mseed > 103 M⊙) a significantly more likely pathway given that heavy seeds have an abundance pattern than is close to and likely in excess of 10−4 compared to light seeds. Finally, we examine the current state-of-the-art in numerical calculations and recent observations and plot a path forward for near-future advances in both domains.

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Neutralizing antibodies, pivotal in immune defense, specifically bind and inhibit viral pathogens, thereby playing a crucial role in protecting against and mitigating infectious diseases. In this slide, we will introduce what antibodies and neutralizing antibodies are, the production and regulation of neutralizing antibodies, their mechanisms of action, classification and applications, as well as the challenges they face.

Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...

Sérgio Sacani

We present the JWST discovery of SN 2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS + 53.13485 − 27.82088 with a host spectroscopic redshift of 2.903 ± 0.007 . The transient was identified in deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Photometric and spectroscopic followup with NIRCam and NIRSpec, respectively, confirm the redshift and yield UV-NIR light-curve, NIR color, and spectroscopic information all consistent with a Type Ia classification. Despite its classification as a likely SN Ia, SN 2023adsy is both fairly red ( � ⁢ ( � − � ) ∼ 0.9 ) despite a host galaxy with low-extinction and has a high Ca II velocity ( 19 , 000 ± 2 , 000 km/s) compared to the general population of SNe Ia. While these characteristics are consistent with some Ca-rich SNe Ia, particularly SN 2016hnk, SN 2023adsy is intrinsically brighter than the low- � Ca-rich population. Although such an object is too red for any low- � cosmological sample, we apply a fiducial standardization approach to SN 2023adsy and find that the SN 2023adsy luminosity distance measurement is in excellent agreement ( ≲ 1 ⁢ � ) with Λ CDM. Therefore unlike low- � Ca-rich SNe Ia, SN 2023adsy is standardizable and gives no indication that SN Ia standardized luminosities change significantly with redshift. A larger sample of distant SNe Ia is required to determine if SN Ia population characteristics at high- � truly diverge from their low- � counterparts, and to confirm that standardized luminosities nevertheless remain constant with redshift.

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Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024. Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA) Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial Abstract: In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.

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ICARUS-Meeting #19 | 5th co:op partner meeting - Carlos Vargas Alvarez del Castillo: Estonian evolution to the cyber era. How a country managed to rule the digital world

1. Estonian evolution to the cyber era How a country managed to rule the digital world? carlos.vargas@raulwalter.com Name CARLOS IVAN VARGAS Date May 25th, 2017 the coolest digital society

3. a modest   country that extends beyond its borders + population: 1.3 million + area: 45,339 km2 + currency: Euro + member of: EU, NATO, WTO, OECD, DIGITAL 5 + ICT sector: 7% of GDP Finland Russia EST Europe Latvia Lithuania Sweden Poland

4. our highest ratings #1 OECD tax competitiveness #9 FREEDOM HOUSE Index of Economic Freedom #16 WORLD BANK Ease of doing business #12 In Global Ease of Doing Business ranking #1 EUROPEAN COMMISSION EU Digital Economy and Society Index, Public Services #2 FREEDOM HOUSE Internet Freedom #22 WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM Networked Readiness Index #1 WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM Enterpreneurship

7. essential Best secret weapons. ©TaanielMalleus + internet is considered a social right + every Estonian resident has a electronic ID + Estonians trust e-solutions

9. efficient + digital signature saves 2% of GDP per year + 50 times more efficient connected police + 1/3 less queues at the hospitals + best tax collector in the world + i-voting 2.5 times cheaper The biggest savings. A stack of paper saved each month 300 meters

10. economical The absurdest cost difference. Finland 2 bln EUR per year Estonia 50 mln EUR per year UK 2O bln EUR per year

11. e-governance The strongest digital leadership brings results. ©TaanielMalleus + one interaction a day per Estonian + more than 242 million digital signatures + impactful e-governance built on trust and math

12. electronic ID The strongest identity for life. ©estoniandesignhouse.ee + e-ID, mobile-ID, smart-ID + travel + digital signing + i-voting + business, banking + state and healthcare + public transport + loyalty card

14. expert Strongest competence in building digital dreams. ©Ajujaht + most start-ups per capita in Europe + clients in 2/3 of the world

15. ease of doing business Simplest and fastest business environment. ©EAS + 1st of tax competitiveness + most start-ups per capita + a few hours to start a company + hassle-free e-taxation + e-Residency – Estonian e-services to every world citizen

16. enter + first in the world + 135 countries + 18 000+ e-residents to date + 1 400+ new companies established + 2 900+ companies owned by e-residents The widest playground for SMEs. e-Residency

17. enter Join the happiest community – become an e-resident. Digitally sign documents and contracts Verify the authenticity of signed documents Encrypt and transmit documents securely Establish an Estonian company online Administer the company from anywhere in the world Conduct e-banking and remote money transfers Access online payment service providers Declare Estonian taxes online

18. What is next? ©TaanielMalleus +e-residency +cross-border cooperation X-road +real-time economy +industry 4.0 +data embassy

19. the future is here! Facebook e_Estonia Twitter e_Estonia LinkeIn e-Estonia Youtube Estonian ICT showroom@eas.ee ©JohannesArro Carlos Ivan Vargas carlos.vargas@raulwalter.com www.raulwalter.com

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