Abstract
- The role of medical technologists in the
years due to changes in the laboratory environment.
curriculum is needed to prepare graduates for
changes in laboratory medicine. It is the ultimate
goal of the College to prepare students for career
entry positions as medical technology professionals.
The curriculum should be designed to prepare the
graduates and demonstrate the core competencies
expected of them in the workplace. It is for this reason
that this study was conducted to assess the career entry-
level competencies expected of the graduates of the
College of Medical Technology of Lyceum of Batangas.
Findings of the study served as basis in enhancing the
curriculum to make it more responsive to the needs of local and international healthcare systems. Using
a descriptive method, the respondents were the chief
medical technologists and immediate supervisors of
selected hospitals who have as their staff LB Medical
Technology graduates under the AHSE curriculum
(2002-2006). A total of 77/138 (56%) graduates were
evaluated using a structured type of questionnaire
following a Likert scale with 5 as the highest and one as
the lowest values. The parameters in the questionnaire
were derived from the model formulated from the
various competency-based standards of various local
and international accrediting professional associations.
implementing training and skills investment policy for effective performance ...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
The healthcare system of every environment is critical and sensitive, therefore it is important to have healthcare personnels that are up to date in their knowedge of the field, being expert and professionals in this field is not enough due to the dynamic nature of the environment, having impementation policy to acquire often and updated skills and training can not be over emphasize. The challenges encountered during this research is the poor management system and lack of implementation of some important policy as such, hence this research finds the indepth of issues arising due to lack of skills and adequate training, in Nigeria there are challenges with the management of the emergency units of the healthcare organizations; which was observed from the high mortality rate encountered at the emergency unit, lack of skills and training to render best services, patients leaving before being attended to due to high traffic inflow into the emergency unit andhealthcare givers poor turn around time to address emergency situations. Implementing the skills and training policy for often participation in its activities is a situation tourgently address so as to lead to resolution of issues arising, hence it is not enough to have qualify healthcare givers in the hospital without frequent training and skills acquisation policy implemented, to enable healthcare givers to continuely update their learning and knowledge of the field and cope with new diseases and infections arising as seen in the results, concluding with recommendations and advise on further studies.
Weaving together peer assessment, audios, and medical vignettes in teaching m...Mohammad Allibaih
Objectives: The current study aims at exploring the possi-bility of aligning peer assessment, audiovisuals, and medical case-report extracts (vignettes) in medical terminology teaching. In addition, the study wishes to highlight the effectiveness of audio materials and medical history vi-gnettes in preventing medical students' comprehension, listening, writing, and pronunciation errors. The study also aims at reflecting the medical students' attitudes towards the teaching and learning process.
Methods: The study involved 161 medical students who received an intensive medical terminology course through audio and medical history extracts. Peer assessment and formative assessment platforms were applied through fake quizzes in a pre- and post-test manner. An 18-item survey was distributed amongst students to investigate their attitudes and feedback towards the teaching and learning process. Quantitative and qualitative data were analysed using the SPSS software.
Results: The students did better in the posttests than on the pretests for both the quizzes of audios and medical vignettes showing a t-test of -12.09 and -13.60 respectively. Moreover, out of the 133 students, 120 students (90.22%) responded to the survey questions. The students gave positive attitudes towards the application of audios and vignettes in the teaching and learning of medical terminology and towards the learning process.
Conclusions: The current study revealed that the teaching and learning of medical terminology have more room for the application of advanced technologies, effective assess-ment platforms, and active learning strategies in higher education. It also highlights that students are capable of carrying more responsibilities of assessment, feedback, and e-learning.
Higher educational system has gone through substantial reforms and changes
vis-à-vis curriculum innovation over the past years. The evaluation of a revised program is one of the most relevant courses of action done when curriculum change is
to be implemented. One of the main reasons is that it is a chance for practitioners
to test for themselves if their plan is working. It also serves as an identification of
the strengths and weaknesses of the said intervention. This study was conducted to
assess the results of the implementation of the Bachelor of Science in Medical Labo
-ratory Science program. It employed descriptive survey using two types of self-made
questionnaire, the Likert scale and open-ended type survey. Likewise, data on the
results of the graduates’ licensure examinations and status of employment were also
analyzed and correlated. Eighty two graduates from 2010 to 2012 of the enhanced
Medical Technology program of LPU-Batangas and 13 chief medical technologists
from identified affiliate-hospitals were surveyed about their perception on the at
-
tainment of the objectives, the realization of the core competencies as well as the
supposed strengths and weaknesses of the program. Results showed that objectives
were achieved alongside the significant improvements in the board performance and
employment rate were noted. This study can be used as a pilot study for other higher
education institutions with the same health program. This can also be used as a basis
for a curricular reform by assessing the different parameters that were identified.
Dr.Avinash Phadke lecture at TMH.Whether to be a generalist or a specialist i...Ajay Phadke
Whether to be a generalist or a specialist in pathology in todays scenario. Adresses the future of pathology and the options which lie with today's younger generation.
In 2006, the Commission on Higher Education (CHED)
released CHED Memorandum Order (CMO) no. 14 which changed the
duration of internship training program to six months as opposed to
the previous memorandum order, CMO no. 27 s. 1998 which required
a one-year internship schedule for Medical Laboratory Science (MLS)
students. Thirty-eight graduates of CMO No. 14 s. 2006 from Lyceum of
the Philippines University-Batangas and 13 chief medical technologists
(CMT) or senior medical laboratory staff from identified affiliate-
hospitals were surveyed about their perception on the attainment of the
objectives, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the said program.
Results show that objectives were achieved even if the duration of the
training period was shortened. The graduate-respondents favored the 6-month internship training program while the CMT preferred the
one year timetable. This study can be used as a pilot study for other
higher education institutions implementing the same CMO and can
be used as a basis for a curricular reform by assessing the different
parameters that were identified in order to enhance further the six-
month internship training program in producing globally competitive
medical laboratory scientists.
implementing training and skills investment policy for effective performance ...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
The healthcare system of every environment is critical and sensitive, therefore it is important to have healthcare personnels that are up to date in their knowedge of the field, being expert and professionals in this field is not enough due to the dynamic nature of the environment, having impementation policy to acquire often and updated skills and training can not be over emphasize. The challenges encountered during this research is the poor management system and lack of implementation of some important policy as such, hence this research finds the indepth of issues arising due to lack of skills and adequate training, in Nigeria there are challenges with the management of the emergency units of the healthcare organizations; which was observed from the high mortality rate encountered at the emergency unit, lack of skills and training to render best services, patients leaving before being attended to due to high traffic inflow into the emergency unit andhealthcare givers poor turn around time to address emergency situations. Implementing the skills and training policy for often participation in its activities is a situation tourgently address so as to lead to resolution of issues arising, hence it is not enough to have qualify healthcare givers in the hospital without frequent training and skills acquisation policy implemented, to enable healthcare givers to continuely update their learning and knowledge of the field and cope with new diseases and infections arising as seen in the results, concluding with recommendations and advise on further studies.
Weaving together peer assessment, audios, and medical vignettes in teaching m...Mohammad Allibaih
Objectives: The current study aims at exploring the possi-bility of aligning peer assessment, audiovisuals, and medical case-report extracts (vignettes) in medical terminology teaching. In addition, the study wishes to highlight the effectiveness of audio materials and medical history vi-gnettes in preventing medical students' comprehension, listening, writing, and pronunciation errors. The study also aims at reflecting the medical students' attitudes towards the teaching and learning process.
Methods: The study involved 161 medical students who received an intensive medical terminology course through audio and medical history extracts. Peer assessment and formative assessment platforms were applied through fake quizzes in a pre- and post-test manner. An 18-item survey was distributed amongst students to investigate their attitudes and feedback towards the teaching and learning process. Quantitative and qualitative data were analysed using the SPSS software.
Results: The students did better in the posttests than on the pretests for both the quizzes of audios and medical vignettes showing a t-test of -12.09 and -13.60 respectively. Moreover, out of the 133 students, 120 students (90.22%) responded to the survey questions. The students gave positive attitudes towards the application of audios and vignettes in the teaching and learning of medical terminology and towards the learning process.
Conclusions: The current study revealed that the teaching and learning of medical terminology have more room for the application of advanced technologies, effective assess-ment platforms, and active learning strategies in higher education. It also highlights that students are capable of carrying more responsibilities of assessment, feedback, and e-learning.
Higher educational system has gone through substantial reforms and changes
vis-à-vis curriculum innovation over the past years. The evaluation of a revised program is one of the most relevant courses of action done when curriculum change is
to be implemented. One of the main reasons is that it is a chance for practitioners
to test for themselves if their plan is working. It also serves as an identification of
the strengths and weaknesses of the said intervention. This study was conducted to
assess the results of the implementation of the Bachelor of Science in Medical Labo
-ratory Science program. It employed descriptive survey using two types of self-made
questionnaire, the Likert scale and open-ended type survey. Likewise, data on the
results of the graduates’ licensure examinations and status of employment were also
analyzed and correlated. Eighty two graduates from 2010 to 2012 of the enhanced
Medical Technology program of LPU-Batangas and 13 chief medical technologists
from identified affiliate-hospitals were surveyed about their perception on the at
-
tainment of the objectives, the realization of the core competencies as well as the
supposed strengths and weaknesses of the program. Results showed that objectives
were achieved alongside the significant improvements in the board performance and
employment rate were noted. This study can be used as a pilot study for other higher
education institutions with the same health program. This can also be used as a basis
for a curricular reform by assessing the different parameters that were identified.
Dr.Avinash Phadke lecture at TMH.Whether to be a generalist or a specialist i...Ajay Phadke
Whether to be a generalist or a specialist in pathology in todays scenario. Adresses the future of pathology and the options which lie with today's younger generation.
In 2006, the Commission on Higher Education (CHED)
released CHED Memorandum Order (CMO) no. 14 which changed the
duration of internship training program to six months as opposed to
the previous memorandum order, CMO no. 27 s. 1998 which required
a one-year internship schedule for Medical Laboratory Science (MLS)
students. Thirty-eight graduates of CMO No. 14 s. 2006 from Lyceum of
the Philippines University-Batangas and 13 chief medical technologists
(CMT) or senior medical laboratory staff from identified affiliate-
hospitals were surveyed about their perception on the attainment of the
objectives, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the said program.
Results show that objectives were achieved even if the duration of the
training period was shortened. The graduate-respondents favored the 6-month internship training program while the CMT preferred the
one year timetable. This study can be used as a pilot study for other
higher education institutions implementing the same CMO and can
be used as a basis for a curricular reform by assessing the different
parameters that were identified in order to enhance further the six-
month internship training program in producing globally competitive
medical laboratory scientists.
Clinical research institutions have mushroomed in the country, though there is a generalized
lack of experienced faculty. These institutes mostly confine themselves to theoretical aspects
of clinical research, since there is lack of facilities for practical training. Students passing out
of these institutes often find it difficult to get decent jobs and salaries at the entry level in the
industry are poor.
In May and August 2014, academic researchers surveyed 270 Environmental Service (ES) and Food Service (FS) workers at two U.S. hospitals in Sodexo’s Healthcare Division. The goal of this study was to gather information about workers’ perceived job quality for use in designing a future study aimed at reducing turnover, absenteeism, and work-related injuries at both sites.
For Sodexo, this study provides an opportunity to improve the Quality of Life of these workers, as well as the Quality of Life of the patients they serve. In turn, hospitals can benefit from greater efficiency, reduced costs, improved safety and increased performance.
Efficacy of Demonstration on Covid 19 Training on Knowledge Among Final Year ...YogeshIJTSRD
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of demonstration on knowledge regarding covid 19 training among final year nursing students of dr. achal singh yadav institute of nursing and paramedical sciences, lucknow. a quanatitave research approach with quasi experimental research design was used to select 37 final year nursing students. self structured knowledge questionnaire was used for assessing the knowledge regarding covid 19 training among the subjects. spss version 25 was used for analyzing the data. result revealed that in pretest no sample had adequate knowledge as compare to post test 32 students had adequate knowledge regarding covid 19 training. the paired t test shows that obtained p value was 0.008 which is less than p value 0.05 reveal that demonstration was effective to bring changes in knowledge regarding covid 19 training among the participants and chisqaure test reveal that there is no significant association with pretest knowledge on covid 19 training and demographic variables of participant except course of study. Jubin Varghese | Bhoopendra Singh Yadav | Saniya Susan Issac "Efficacy of Demonstration on Covid-19 Training on Knowledge Among Final Year Nursing Students of Dr. Achal Singh Yadav Institute of Nursing and Paramedical Sciences, Lucknow" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd41257.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commedicine/nursing/41257/efficacy-of-demonstration-on-covid19-training-on-knowledge-among-final-year-nursing-students-of-dr-achal-singh-yadav-institute-of-nursing-and-paramedical-sciences-lucknow/jubin-varghese
India needs over 5 mn qualified health professionals by 2030. If you are interested in a career in this field, read on to understand why REVA University should be your choice of institution.
Paramedics are people who enable the healthcare services such as blood sampling, CT scans, MRI, operation theatre preparations, nursing care, emergency support, dialysis, and optometry to name a few. In a widespread sector where doctors and medical practioners primarily treat the patients, paramedical personnel helps in the facilitation of the treatment.
Paramedical Courses: A Pathway to Global Healthcare OpportunitiesCINPSInstitute
In today's rapidly evolving healthcare industry, paramedical courses have emerged as a crucial pathway to global healthcare opportunities. These courses equip individuals with specialized skills and knowledge to support healthcare professionals in diagnosing, treating, and caring for patients. With the increasing demand for healthcare services worldwide, paramedical professionals play a vital role in ensuring quality patient care.
Revised Curriculum of Certificate in Medical Laboratory Technology(CMLT) by C...Tapeshwar Yadav
This curriculum of 3 years Certificate in Medical Laboratory Technology is designed to produce middle level skilled laboratory personnel equipped with knowledge, skills and attitudes of medical laboratory with a view to provide diagnostic, curative, preventive and promotive laboratory services to the community. Such technicians collect specimens, process, and perform tests to analyze body fluids, tissue, and other substances. The graduates perform lab procedures and maintain instruments. The graduates are expected to perform tests that help other healthcare professionals such as physicians to detect, diagnose, and treat diseases.
The program extends over three academic years. The first year course focuses on basic science and foundational subjects, the second year course focuses on theory and practical parts of basic medical laboratory subjects. Simultaneously the third year is given to the application of learned skills and knowledge in the comprehensive practical settings, in hospitals and medical laboratory. The graduates will have career opportunities in hospitals, diagnostic laboratories, clinics, industry and physicians' offices, research centers, blood bank, crime investigating laboratories etc. It is based on the code of conduct of Nepal Health professional Council.
Clinical research institutions have mushroomed in the country, though there is a generalized
lack of experienced faculty. These institutes mostly confine themselves to theoretical aspects
of clinical research, since there is lack of facilities for practical training. Students passing out
of these institutes often find it difficult to get decent jobs and salaries at the entry level in the
industry are poor.
In May and August 2014, academic researchers surveyed 270 Environmental Service (ES) and Food Service (FS) workers at two U.S. hospitals in Sodexo’s Healthcare Division. The goal of this study was to gather information about workers’ perceived job quality for use in designing a future study aimed at reducing turnover, absenteeism, and work-related injuries at both sites.
For Sodexo, this study provides an opportunity to improve the Quality of Life of these workers, as well as the Quality of Life of the patients they serve. In turn, hospitals can benefit from greater efficiency, reduced costs, improved safety and increased performance.
Efficacy of Demonstration on Covid 19 Training on Knowledge Among Final Year ...YogeshIJTSRD
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of demonstration on knowledge regarding covid 19 training among final year nursing students of dr. achal singh yadav institute of nursing and paramedical sciences, lucknow. a quanatitave research approach with quasi experimental research design was used to select 37 final year nursing students. self structured knowledge questionnaire was used for assessing the knowledge regarding covid 19 training among the subjects. spss version 25 was used for analyzing the data. result revealed that in pretest no sample had adequate knowledge as compare to post test 32 students had adequate knowledge regarding covid 19 training. the paired t test shows that obtained p value was 0.008 which is less than p value 0.05 reveal that demonstration was effective to bring changes in knowledge regarding covid 19 training among the participants and chisqaure test reveal that there is no significant association with pretest knowledge on covid 19 training and demographic variables of participant except course of study. Jubin Varghese | Bhoopendra Singh Yadav | Saniya Susan Issac "Efficacy of Demonstration on Covid-19 Training on Knowledge Among Final Year Nursing Students of Dr. Achal Singh Yadav Institute of Nursing and Paramedical Sciences, Lucknow" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd41257.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commedicine/nursing/41257/efficacy-of-demonstration-on-covid19-training-on-knowledge-among-final-year-nursing-students-of-dr-achal-singh-yadav-institute-of-nursing-and-paramedical-sciences-lucknow/jubin-varghese
India needs over 5 mn qualified health professionals by 2030. If you are interested in a career in this field, read on to understand why REVA University should be your choice of institution.
Paramedics are people who enable the healthcare services such as blood sampling, CT scans, MRI, operation theatre preparations, nursing care, emergency support, dialysis, and optometry to name a few. In a widespread sector where doctors and medical practioners primarily treat the patients, paramedical personnel helps in the facilitation of the treatment.
Paramedical Courses: A Pathway to Global Healthcare OpportunitiesCINPSInstitute
In today's rapidly evolving healthcare industry, paramedical courses have emerged as a crucial pathway to global healthcare opportunities. These courses equip individuals with specialized skills and knowledge to support healthcare professionals in diagnosing, treating, and caring for patients. With the increasing demand for healthcare services worldwide, paramedical professionals play a vital role in ensuring quality patient care.
Revised Curriculum of Certificate in Medical Laboratory Technology(CMLT) by C...Tapeshwar Yadav
This curriculum of 3 years Certificate in Medical Laboratory Technology is designed to produce middle level skilled laboratory personnel equipped with knowledge, skills and attitudes of medical laboratory with a view to provide diagnostic, curative, preventive and promotive laboratory services to the community. Such technicians collect specimens, process, and perform tests to analyze body fluids, tissue, and other substances. The graduates perform lab procedures and maintain instruments. The graduates are expected to perform tests that help other healthcare professionals such as physicians to detect, diagnose, and treat diseases.
The program extends over three academic years. The first year course focuses on basic science and foundational subjects, the second year course focuses on theory and practical parts of basic medical laboratory subjects. Simultaneously the third year is given to the application of learned skills and knowledge in the comprehensive practical settings, in hospitals and medical laboratory. The graduates will have career opportunities in hospitals, diagnostic laboratories, clinics, industry and physicians' offices, research centers, blood bank, crime investigating laboratories etc. It is based on the code of conduct of Nepal Health professional Council.
1 CORE Standards Title of PolicyProcedure DUN CoLeilaniPoolsy
1 CORE Standards
Title of Policy/Procedure: DUN Core Performance Standards (Core)* Approval Responsibility (Title & Name):
UG Department Chair, Jeanean Boyd DNP,
MSN, RN
Approved by (Title & Name): UG Department Chair, Jeanean Boyd Last Date of Approval: April 2018
Communication Requirement and Date: BSN upper-division
acceptance letters, BSN Handbook, CONHI website
Date for Next Review: August 2021
Official SharePoint Location Name and Path:
SharePoint Undergraduate Policies and Procedures
Comments: All changes brought to UEPC for
review and approval
All applicants to and students of the University of Texas at Arlington College of Nursing Program (UTA
CON) must be able to adhere to and perform the essential skills included in this document either with
or without ADA accommodations. These core performance standards (core) are congruent with the
Texas State Board of Nursing expectations for a registered nurse. The use of trained intermediaries is
not permissible, in that the candidate’s judgment would be mediated by someone else’s power of
observation and selection. Only applicants and students diagnosed with disabilities covered by the ADA
may be granted special accommodations in nursing classroom, laboratory, and clinical settings.
Core statements which apply to students in the nursing major are congruent with:
1. The Differentiated Essential of Competencies of Graduates of Texas Nursing Programs (2010).
2. The criteria and guidelines for the evaluation of baccalaureate and higher degree programs in
nursing established by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE).
3. The Essentials of Baccalaureate Education for Professional Nursing Practice established by the
American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN)
4. The Standards of Clinical Nursing Practice established by the American Nurses Association.
5. The Social Policy Statement of the American Nurses Association.
6. The Essentials of Masters Education for Professional Nursing Practice established by
the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN).
7. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (2015).
To practice nursing, a licensee must possess a multitude of knowledge, skills and abilities in order to
provide safe and effective patient care (National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc., 1992). It is
the UTA CON’s responsibility to assure that this requirement is met before a graduate is certified.
The Core are the required basic cognitive, psychomotor, affective activities and professional behaviors
essential to successful completion of the UTA CON. They are categorized as communication, cognitive,
motor and sensory skills, and ethical and professional Integrity. Students enrolled in the pre-licensure
nursing program at UTA CON must be able to perform the Core with or without reasonable
accommodations.
Pursuant to Title II of the ADA of 1990, as amended in 2008 (“ADA ...
Awareness, Utilization and Effectiveness of the Macarthur’s Foundation Clinic...ijtsrd
The MacArthur Clinical Skills Laboratory MCSL of the University of Port Harcourt UPH was launched in 2011 with limited evaluation undertaken. The awareness and utilization of the lab as well as its perceived effectiveness were assessed. A descriptive cross sectional study design was utilized utilizing structured questionnaires. Participants included 400 600L medical students and doctors in the UPH and its teaching hospital respectively. Frequencies and percentages were used in summary statistics 102 doctors, 55 53.9 females and 47 46.1 males and 127 students, 77 60.6 females and 50 39.4 males respondents. About 32.4 of doctors were not aware of MCSL, 37.7 did not know its location, only 30.4 had made use of it and 40.6 did not know whom it was designed for. About 6.9 of doctors and 11.8 of students were aware of the online MCSL course. About 56.7 of students strongly agreed that their peers were critical to their learning, while 6.3 agreed that the center staff were helpful in aiding their learning. There is a need to create awareness of the presence and usefulness of the UPH MCSL. Isokariari, Ogechukwu Mary-Anne | Fomsi, Esther Fabiawari "Awareness, Utilization and Effectiveness of the Macarthur’s Foundation Clinical Skills Laboratory of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd53981.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/medicine/other/53981/awareness-utilization-and-effectiveness-of-the-macarthur’s-foundation-clinical-skills-laboratory-of-the-university-of-port-harcourt-teaching-hospital/isokariari-ogechukwu-maryanne
Thoroughly revised and updated to reflect current Australian and New Zealand practices, this third edition of Fundamental Skills for Surgery considers not only the basic instrument, tissue handling and suturing techniques, but a wide range of non-technical skills.
The full range of new surgical skills are explained, following a logical progression from the initial chapters focusing on surgical conduct, safety and surgical instruments, to more complex issues, such as wound management, anaesthesia and laparoscopic surgery.
Maintaining the tone and feel of an instructional manual, the reader is guided through procedures with clear descriptions of the surgical principles and over 200 step-by-step illustrations. .
Updates to this edition include:
• New surgical decision making processes
• New ACORN standards for scrubbing procedures
• New information on local anaesthetics
• 20 new illustrations.
Written by the Australian and New Zealand Surgical Skills Education and Training (ASSET) committee of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, this is the authoritative guide for all surgical trainees and those requiring an understanding of surgical procedures.
A SURVEY ON FACTORS INFLUENCING QUALITY MANAGEMENT WITH REFERENCE TO NURSING ...IAEME Publication
The present study consists of following to analyse the impact of Institutional profile and care information provided to them on quality management. The research design is descriptive in nature. Primary data is collected with the help of structured questionnaire. The validity of research is based only on the data collected for the study. The present research is based on primary as well as secondary data. Simple random sampling method was used in selecting the respondents. The sample size is chosen for data collection of 150 respondents in quality management with reference to nursing services.
Know everything about of the best private paramedical science college in Moradabad, UP.
Click to know more : https://www.tmu.ac.in/college-of-paramedical-sciences
Article Challenges Of Nursing Students 2021.PdfAndrew Parish
Custom Writing Service
http://StudyHub.vip/Article-Challenges-Of-Nursing-Students- 👈
Similar to Competencies of Career-Entry Medical Technology Graduates of Lyceum of Batangas: Basis for Enhancement of the Internship Training Program (20)
Computer m
emory is expensive and the recording of data captured by a webcam needs memory. I
n order to minimize the
memory usage in recording data from human motion as recorded from the webcam, this algorithm will use motion
detection as applied to a process to measure the change in speed or vector of an object in the field of view. This
applicat
ion only works if there is a motion detected and it will automatically save the captured image in its designated
folder.
Staying competitive in the IT field
is a challenge. The use of IT certification programs
involves a number of critical issues and implications
for higher educational institutions (HEIs), educators,
administrators, students, and the IT industry. Hence,
there is a compelling need to gather and share IT
certification program data to chart a comparative
analysis across HEIs that are using certification
programs. This study presents a summary of key
findings among the Bachelor of Science in Computer
Science (BSCS) students in the Lyceum of the
Philippines University Batangas’ performance and
satisfaction level in Computer Networking 1, the
first course in the four-course certification program.It
used the descriptive method of research. Respondents
of the study were the 71 BSCS second year students
who took the course during the Second Semester
of SY 2009-2010. Frequency distribution, Pearson R
and weighted mean were used for data analysis. The
performance and satisfactory level the students gave to learning performance in Computer Networking
1 addresses their learning experiences and was an
evidence of the pedagogical richness of the program
and the contribution of the Computer Networking 1
teacher. In conclusion, the course actively engaged the
students and a clear understanding of the subject were
achieved.
E-teaching is an innovative teaching strategy
using the e-learning technology to empower both learners and
teachers thus providing opportunities for superior learning
experiences. The study enhances the education practice of those
teachers handling different graduate programs specifically
those offered by Lyceum of the Philippines University -
Batangas. This study focused on assessing and analyzing the
different important factors pertaining to the readiness and
inclination of the teachers. This involves introduction of
e-teaching on the part of the teachers and e-learning on the part
of the graduate students to their respective programs of study.
The findings revealed that the graduate school teachers are
aware of their vital role in developing effective delivery of
instruction and their openness on the active participation in
conducting classes in an online learning environment. Also, the
university is ready to take the e-teaching program as a mode of
instruction for the Graduate School.
A Transportation Problem is
one of the
most
typical
problems being encountered in many situations
and
it
has
many
practical applic
ations. Many researches had been conducted
and
many methods
had been proposed to solve it. One of the most
difficult challenge in solving the problem deals with inputting a
very large volume of data. With the development of intelligent
technologies, compu
ters had already been used to solved this
problem. This paper presents a method using Genetic Algorithm
(GA) t
o provide a new tool that can quickly calculate the solution
to the Balanced Transportation Problem.
The test results are compared with selected o
ld methods to
confirm the effectiveness of the use of GA. A
mathematical model
was used to represent the GA and be applied to solve it. Finally,
the test results of the model were presented so show the
effectiveness.
This tracer study determined the employment status
of BS Computer Science
Graduates of LPU from 2004-2009. It also assessed t
he relevance of BSCS curricula,
knowledge, skills and work values acquired by the g
raduates relevant to their
employment; identify the personal and professional
characteristics and job placement
of Computer Science graduates and the school relate
d factors associated with their
employment. The findings of the study served as the
basis of the researcher to
improve, update or enhance the curricula of BSCS pr
ogram to make this more
responsive to the needs of fast changing technology
.
There were 85 percent of the surveyed respondents w
ho were gainfully employed;
majority have professional, technical and superviso
ry position, landed on their first
job related to their course completed, obtained the
ir first jobs in less than 1 year;
stayed in their first job more than 1 year, career
challenge, salaries and benefits are
the prime reasons for changing the job and lack of
work experience is the number 1
problem they encountered when looking for a job.
Information Technology and communication skills dev
eloped by LPU were
considered very much useful to the present work of
the respondents. Work related
values like love for God, supportiveness, courage,
tolerance and perseverance were
also deemed very much useful to the present employm
ent of the respondents. The
proposed program of the study focused on academic d
evelopment, employment
opportunity and enhancing leadership capability of
Computer Science graduates.
It is strongly recommended that the graduating stud
ents before graduation must be
given ample time to experience pre – employment exa
minations and interviews.
Faculty development trainings must be given to the
faculty members teaching
professional subjects. As to general Education Subj
ects, Mathematics and Language
subjects must also be strengthened. All Offices and
Departments must continue to
improve their services towards the attainment of ma
ximum customer satisfaction.
The study is an online, computer aided tool that was designed primarily for the conduct of online examination. The system
was created using PHP, a web based scripting language, and MySQ
L as the database software. The system focuses on
the automation of students' examinations; preparation, scheduling, checking and grading. A database is provided for the
storage of exam questions, answers to questions and students' records. The system allo
ws instructors to create an exam
by entering questions with its corresponding answers into the database. Instructors are provided with three options on the
type of exam; these include, True or False, Multiple Choice and Fill in the Blanks.
There are three
account types based on the intended users. One is the Administrator Account; this can be used to create
instructor accounts. It can also be used to delete or suspend other accounts based on activity status. The Instructor
Account allows teachers to create
student accounts and enroll the same. This account can be used also to create,
activate, edit, delete exams and monitor students' performances. The Student Account is for the officially enrolled students
where they can take exams and view scores even from
previous examinations.
This software allows instructors to keep track of students' performances from all exams since the results will be stored in a
database linked to an online system. While taking the online exam, students can choose the number of exa
m questions
that will be displayed on the screen at a given time.
A student can take the exam only on the specified date and time set by the instructor. Ideally, a particular exam should be
taken only once. In cases of retakes due to valid reasons and spe
cial exam considerations, the instructor is given the
option to administer the previously activated exam, edit or create a new set of questions.
One limitation though, this online system is not to be used to compute for the class performance for the final
grade since
this requires other components such as seat works, graded recitations, laboratory activities, etc. This only computes and
shows the scores from previous exams and the average.
This study was conducted in an undergraduate level
with the use of e-learning
particularly in analytic geometry to lessen the com
mon fear of Filipino students to
mathematics. Since teen age students used to engros
s themselves with the use of
technology specifically computers, this study maxim
ized the capability of computers
in reducing math anxiety by teaching mathematics su
bject using e-learning thus
improving student academic performance.
This study aims to develop and design an on
-
line hotel reservation and management system for the College of
International Tourism and Hospitality Management of the Lyceum of the Philippines University, Batangas Campus. It
presents user
-
friendly features th
at will familiarize CITHM students on the online hotel reservation system, evaluate it and
highlight the benefits it can provide to the college and staff. In addition, it will purvey supplement material in their fron
t desk
operation course. The researchers
used the System Development Life Cycle and Microsoft Web Developer 2008 as the
programming language. The developed software served as a tool for the students of CITHM to familiarize them on how to
operate an online hotel reservation system. The developed
software was an effective aid for the instructors in teaching the
basic operations of hotel reservation system to their students. It also provided online security to protect privacy and
financial information of clients.
Abstract
—
The main objective of this
study to make the monitoring
procedure trouble-free by
developing a system which would be accessible thro
ugh the internet. Students
will have their own user
accounts which will give them the ca
pability to upload reports and on
-site pictures thereby minimizing
the time and effort spent in going to
and from the company’s location to the university and vice versa.
Similarly, the practicum coordinator of the college will be given their
own accounts to
access, download
and check the updates submitted by the students.
The system will be capable of generating reports of submitted requirements in real-time given that all
data are to be stored in a database
and the process is done online.
This Online Practicum Monitoring System will be used
as a tool to assist the students of all colleges and
the college practicum coordinators in their task
s through the use of a web- based software.
The authors deem that this software will be able to
address the problems identified and eventually
make the monitoring
task more convenient.
Nowadays, there is a demand for novel
drugs to prevent these infections and the emergence
from mutation of microorganisms. Given the rising
incidence of resistance to synthetic antibiotics and in
light of the rising costs of medicines it is well-timed
to search for natural products such as plant derived
antimicrobial drugs to reduce the resistance of
microorganisms. Pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius),
in addition to synthetic alternatives, has the potential
of antibacterial activity. The antibacterial properties of
established. For that reason, the research proponents
of this study aims to assess the antibacterial properties
of pandan with the end view of providing low cost
of medications and the prevention of resistance. This research analyzed the in vitro activity of pandan
leaves crude extract against bacterial isolates such as
Staphylococcus aureus
ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli
ATCC 25922 and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
ATCC 27853.
About 1 kilogram of freshly collected pandan leaves
was subjected to water distillation and the filtrate
was concentrated using rotary evaporator. The crude
extract was then used for the phytochemical analysis.
The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of pandan
against the said microorganisms were examined. This
study also determined the stability of pandan as to pH
and temperature.
A culture medium is said to support the
growth and development of different microorganisms.
Certain bacteria like
Staphylococcus aureus
and
Staphylococcus
epidermidis
entail hemoglobin found in the red blood
cells. Because of its cost effectiveness and availability,
expired human blood is being utilized in some developing
countries. Despite the widely accepted disadvantages of
using human blood as enrichment agent, many laboratories
still opt to use it due to the unavailability of sheep blood
or due to budgetary reasons. This study determined if the
washed expired human blood can be used as an alternative
enrichment agent in the preparation of Blood Agar Plate
(BAP) culture medium in the isolation of
Staphylococcus
aureus
ATCC 25923 and
Staphylococcus epidermidis
ATCC
12228. The cultural characteristics and hemolytic reactions
of the selected microorganisms were recorded, assessed
and compared with their growth in BAP. The stability of
the washed expired human blood was evaluated in terms of temperature and storage period. Results reveal that expired
human blood with washing improved the morphologic and
hemolytic pattern of
Staphylococcus aureus.
The washing of
blood had no effect on
Staphylococcus epidermidis
because it
is a gamma hemolytic bacterium. Both unwashed expired
and fresh human blood produced gamma hemolysis due to
the interferences still present in them. Both washed expired
human blood and washed fresh human blood produced beta
hemolysis. Washed expired human blood could be stored for
seven days and still could be used for microbial culture.
Abstract
- Institutions of higher learning face a new situation on
higher education. It holds some novel threats and presents some
fresh opportunities. Given the uncertainty of the future, collage
and university administrators cannot allow their organizations to
drift. This study assessed the managerial skills development of the
administrators of the five (5) well-established private institutions
of higher learning in Batangas, Philippines. A combination of
descriptive-purposive research design and survey method was used to
determine the managerial dimensions exhibited by the administrators.
Mean, Likert Scale, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Pearson Product
Moment Correlation Coefficient and and Bivariate Correlation were
used. There is no significant difference in the assessment of the three
groups of respondents in terms of communication skills and solving
problems effectively. However, there is a significant difference in terms
of self leadership, managing the task effectively, managing the people
effectively, and managing interpersonal relations effectively.
There is
a very high significant relationship among all the managerial skills
dimensions required of the institution administrators using the same
managerial dimensions. The managerial skills of the administrators
have to be enhanced to improve the quality of people in the institution.
The Proposed Executive Development Program and Training Model
are strongly recommended.
Abstract
- A ten-year tracer study of Radiologic
Technology graduates of Lyceum of the Philippines
University SY 1997-2007 using a survey-structured
questionnaire was conducted to examine retrospective
contribution of their education to their current
work. The objectives of the study included the
determination of graduates’ job-placement profile;
how relevant are school-related factors like curriculum,
instruction, faculty; student services; organization
and administration, physical plant, facilities and
laboratories to the job placement; the determination of
what skills developed while at school are considered
useful in meeting the demands of their present work
and the formulation of a program that will enhance
the relevance of the college curriculum and services.
A total of 97/122 (80%) graduates responded where
78% (76/97) are certified licensed radiographers.
All respondents were employed on a full-time basis aligned to the program. The following were found to
be very relevant in meeting the demands of their jobs:
curriculum, instruction, competencies of the faculty,
student services, organization and administrative
services.Furthermore, the intellectual, communication
and interpersonal skills, competencies, and work-
related values they learned and developed while at
school as well as the performance in written and oral
assessment of the employers were considered the most
important contributing factors in seeking employment
after graduation.
Abstract
- Curriculum is a crucial component of
any educational process. Curriculum development
and instructional management serve as effective tools
for meeting the present and future needs of the local
and national communities. In trying to strengthen
the quality assurance system in Philippine higher
education, institutions of higher learning were
mandated to upgrade higher education curricular
offerings to international standards. Anchored on
the PMI framework, data were gathered through in-
depth review of documents, interviews with program
coordinators and on-site observation in selected schools
offering Medical Technology program in U.S.A.,
Australia, Singapore, Japan, Thailand and Canada.
The benchmarking results showed that there were
major “plus” and “interesting” points that can be used
as guide in the innovation of the existing Philippine
Medical Technology program and can become the
basis of enabling implementation activities: reform
and improve curriculum structure, content, teaching-
learning strategies and employ competency-based
assessment process.
More from Lyceum of the Philippines University Batangas (14)
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Competencies of Career-Entry Medical Technology Graduates of Lyceum of Batangas: Basis for Enhancement of the Internship Training Program
1. JPAIR: Multidisciplinary Journal
16
Competencies of Career-Entry Medical
Technology Graduates of Lyceum of Batangas:
Basis for Enhancement of the Internship
Training Program
ANACLETA P. VALDEZ
anniejunvaldez@yahoo.com
Lyceum of the Philippines University- Batangas
Batangas City, Philippines
Date Revision Accepted: January 20, 2010
Abstract - The role of medical technologists in the
years due to changes in the laboratory environment.
curriculum is needed to prepare graduates for
changes in laboratory medicine. It is the ultimate
goal of the College to prepare students for career
entry positions as medical technology professionals.
The curriculum should be designed to prepare the
graduates and demonstrate the core competencies
expected of them in the workplace. It is for this reason
that this study was conducted to assess the career entry-
level competencies expected of the graduates of the
College of Medical Technology of Lyceum of Batangas.
Findings of the study served as basis in enhancing the
curriculum to make it more responsive to the needs
Vol. 4 · January 2010 · ISSN 20123981
National Peer Reviewed Journal JPAIR Multidisciplinary Journal
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7719/jpair.v4i1.98
2. National Peer Reviewed Journal
17
of local and international healthcare systems. Using
a descriptive method, the respondents were the chief
medical technologists and immediate supervisors of
selected hospitals who have as their staff LB Medical
Technology graduates under the AHSE curriculum
(2002-2006). A total of 77/138 (56%) graduates were
evaluated using a structured type of questionnaire
following a Likert scale with 5 as the highest and one as
the lowest values. The parameters in the questionnaire
were derived from the model formulated from the
various competency-based standards of various local
and international accrediting professional associations.
Keywords - Competency, medical technology,
LPU- Batangas
INTRODUCTION
During the past two decades, the health care industry has been
undergoing profound transformational events, not only in the
Philippines, but also worldwide in other countries. These events were
spawned by the multitudes of forces converging to the national as well
as international levels, which had impact on the quality of medical
technology practice.
The role of medical technologists in the clinical laboratory has
changedwithinfiveyearsduetochangesinthelaboratoryenvironment.
Substantial modification in the medical technology curriculum is
needed to prepare graduates for technologic, regulatory, staffing
and operational changes in laboratory medicine. Curricular reform
is necessary to improve the products and services that laboratory
educators provide their customers. Reform improves the quality of
medical technology education to better respond to customer needs.
Reports revealed that demand for medical technologists had
skyrocketed. This places more pressure on educators to make medical
technology training flexible and accessible (AMT, 2006).
In the recent tracer study conducted by the College of Medical
Technology on the status of their graduates, results indicated that
3. JPAIR: Multidisciplinary Journal
18
many have already migrated to other countries like the United States,
Australia, Canada, SaudiArabia and otherAsian countries where these
graduates were able to practice their profession in various specialized
areas in the clinical laboratories of hospitals. Prior to their current jobs,
they have undergone “competency-based” certification examinations
(Valdez, 2007).
Internationally, the American Medical Technologists (AMT),
American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science (ASCLS) and
American Society of Clinical Pathologists (ASCP) administer these
“competency-based” certification examinations prior to the acceptance
of medical technology professionals in medical institutions in the
United States. The same practice is being pursued in Australia through
the Australian Institute of Medical Scientists (AIMS) and in Canada
by the Canadian Society for Medical Laboratory Science (CSMLS).
This competency-based testing strategy determines whether or not the
examinees possess the skills and knowledge required for successful
performance in their particular role.
In the Philippines, licensure examinations are administered by
the Professional Regulation Commission prior to the practice of
the profession. Medical institutions, through the pathologists and
laboratory staff, are subjecting fresh graduates who had passed the
licensure examinations to undergo post-internship training of at least
six months to test the knowledge and skills of newly passed graduates
before they are officially employed by hospital owners and managers.
It is the goal of the Lyceum of Batangas to encourage students to
pursue their highest standard of scholarship and help them assume
responsibility for developing and achieving their own goals and
objectives. Hence, the primary goal of the College is to provide superior
undergraduate professional education in the medical technology. The
curriculum should assure student-oriented instruction in theory and
the techniques of diagnostic laboratory procedures. Affiliate clinical
laboratory assignments are a continuum of this area of specialized
educationandaredesignedtobroadenstudent’seducationandpractice.
Demonstration of the specific professional entry level competencies is
thus expected of the students. The curriculum should be designed to
prepare the graduates as such. It was for this reason that this study
was conducted to assess the career entry-level competencies expected
4. National Peer Reviewed Journal
19
of the graduates of the College of Medical Technology of Lyceum of
Batangas. Findings of the study served as the basis for improving,
updating or enhancing the Medical Technology curriculum to make
it more responsive to the needs of local and international healthcare
systems.
FRAMEWORK
The term “competence” is a semantic label (Cronbach, 1971)
that connotes knowledge, skill and acumen. It is assumed to be a
general attribute of high-ability professionals. However, we never
see competence directly only its indicators. A competent radiologic
technologist can immobilize patients before taking films, select cassette
sizes for different radiographic examinations and distinguish positive
from negative contrast agents. In psychological terms, competence is
a multidimensional construct and inferences govern the attribution of
competence to a professional (McGaghie,1980).
Identification of the boundaries and content of competence is
required to understand the meaning of health profession. Boundaries
are needed because every health profession or specialty dwells on a
subset of health-care needs. Professional boundaries overlap to some
extent, as in the case of occupational therapy and physical therapy.
However, competent performance in these areas and other health
professions require a unique set of skills, abilities and dispositions.
Lack of uniqueness would mean that the profession and specialty are
not, in fact, “special.”
The same is true with content, broadly defined, that resides
within boundaries established by or for a profession. Content is the
“stuff” of professional practice, the knowledge and insight, skills and
competencies,sentimentsanddispositionsthatconstitutethesubstance
of professional work. When a nurse is said to be competent it means
that he or she can manipulate, recall or otherwise use relevant content
to achieve a desired end (e.g., rehabilitated patient, and administrative
coup) or perhaps, conforming with the accepted procedural rules, (e.g.,
the “nursing process”). The content of any health profession is likely
to be both public, i.e., available and evident to external observers, and
tacit, i.e., known but inexpressible (Polanyi, 1964).
5. JPAIR: Multidisciplinary Journal
20
Competency has been defined as “the ability to perform the
activities within an occupation or function to the standard expected in
employment” (National Competency Standards Policy and Guidelines,
AustralianNationalTrainingBoard,1998).Theterm“competency”thus
embodies attributes such as knowledge, skills, abilities and attitudes
required in professional practice. Competency may be core, general
or task-specific. Examples of core competencies are literacy, numeracy,
reliability, communication skills and ability to work in teams. General
competencies refer to competencies for the particular profession,
as in the case of the Medical Technology profession i.e., general
competencies of medical technologists or medical laboratory scientists.
In contrast, task-specific competencies refer to individual disciplines
in the practice of the profession (e.g. hematology, microbiology, etc. for
Medical Laboratory Science or Medical Technology profession).
Competency, according to Harris (1995), involves possession
and application of knowledge, skills and attitudes to perform work
activities according to the expected standard in the workplace. Key
elements of a competency include: (1) task skills which require
performance of the task or tasks to the required standard as described
in the unit of competency and expected at the workplace. The assessor
needs to gather evidence that the candidates can do the particular
activities as well as the entire task; (2) task management skills – skills
used when planning and integrating potentially different tasks in order
to achieve the particular work outcome. Candidates for the particular
position should provide evidence that they can work efficiently to
meet deadlines, handle a sequence of interrelated tasks and progress
smoothly between tasks; (3) contingency management tasks – the
requirement to respond to irregularities and breakdown of routines.
Candidates should show evidence of dealing with contingencies such
as breakdowns, irregularities, imperfections, and the unknown; and,
(4) job/role environment skills – the requirements of dealing with the
responsibilities and expectations of the work environment. Capability
to work with others and adapt to varying situations is central to
successful performance.
McGaghie (1998) categorized competencies into (1) student
competencies such as entry, intermediate, or terminal and (2)
professionalcompetencieswhichareclassifiedasgraduate career-entry
6. National Peer Reviewed Journal
21
also known as entry-level competencies and continuing professional
competencies.
Competencies are very important. They encourage learners to
integrate related outcomes and perform at higher and more complex
levels. Competencies provide the basis for educational programs.
They are gained through a multitude of ways namely life experience;
formal education; a wide variety of learning experiences (e.g. courses,
laboratories, independent research, presentations, and projects);
clinical rotations or apprenticeship; on-the-job experience; self-help
and training and development programs. All of these constitute to the
job competence of employees. Ultimately, supervisors and employees
working together and assessing consistency of job performance or
“behaviors” over time determine overall “employee competence.”
Determining sets of core competencies for medical technologists
is vital to the continuation and success of the profession. At a more
practical level, core competencies can help medical technologists
recruit, hire, train and remain as valuable employees. Many hospitals
and universities in the United States use lists of core competencies as
basis for formulating interview questions (AMT journal, 2002).
Competence in Medical Technology
Medical technology combines the challenges of medicine with
scientific knowledge. Medical technologists also called clinical
laboratory scientists perform in the laboratory a wide range of tests
that play a vital role in the detection and treatment of diseases and
disorders. Laboratory tests can be simple or complex usually requiring
the use of microscopes, state-of-the-art instruments and computers.
In a clinical setting, medical technologists perform and/or supervise
the performance of analytical testing of blood, body fluids, and other
types of biological specimens. They identify the presence of bacteria,
fungi or parasites or prepare blood units for purposes of transfusion.
Typical areas in the clinical hospital setting are hematology, chemistry,
immunology, blood bank, and microbiology. Medical technologists are
trained to use skills in critical thinking, problem solving and situational
analysis that arise in the clinical laboratory. Using their technical skills
and knowledge of disease status, medical technologists are an integral
staff for patient diagnosis and treatment.
7. JPAIR: Multidisciplinary Journal
22
Careers in medical technology are available in hospital
laboratories, forensic laboratories, reference laboratories, molecular
diagnostics, veterinary offices, doctor’s offices, management,
industry, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries, medical sales, and
educational and research institutions.
The most marketable skill of an entry-level medical laboratory
technologist is the application of principles learned in the educational
program for use in a broad spectrum of laboratory activities in the
work environment. Over the past few years there was concern for how
well the “syllabus approach” met the needs of programs preparing
entry-level medical laboratory technologists for a workplace that is
rapidly changing due to new technology in the health care system.
According to Harris et al (1995) competency-based education
is structured around competent performance by learners, where
competence is defined in terms of achievement of the level of work
standards. The quality of education is more readily measured. Since
the performance levels are described by standards of consistency of
expected performance between programs and schools. This is more
easily determined.
Competency-based curriculum refers to an organized set of
learning experiences based on knowledge, skills and abilities as
demonstrated by the learner derived from expectations explicit in
the stated desired mastery levels. The competency-based curriculum
dwells on competencies (knowledge, skills, abilities) demonstrated by
the learner (1) as derived from industry-identified skill standards; (2)
stated so as to make possible assessment of learner behavior in relation
to expected levels of mastery under specified conditions; (3) based
and in harmony with specified competencies and, (4) made public
in advance. Assessment of the student competencies is based on (1)
their performance as the primary source of evidence; (2) performance
is measured against a competency standard and one that strives for
objectivity (Harris et al, 1995).
One of the key aspects in the development of competency standards
and in the skills and other attributes believed to be most needed in
the work force are critical thinking, problem solving and the ability
to use and combine knowledge and skills to address new challenges.
Foundation skills such as problem solving and critical thinking have
8. National Peer Reviewed Journal
23
been taught traditionally in academic classes. Integration of technical
content and foundation skills brings more related emphasis on the
foundation skills and puts technical content of the context of the
solution of work- related problems.
Related Studies
In 1993, the Australian Association of Clinical Biochemists,
Australian Institute of Medical Laboratory Scientists and the
Australian Society for Microbiology developed competency-based
standards for Australian medical scientists. Standards were developed
to show the contribution normally expected from an individual with
a degree in a relevant area of science from an Australian or equivalent
university along with two years of relevant professional experience
in an accredited laboratory. This is the entry level of a scientist to
the profession that combines qualifications, skills and personal
responsibilities and accountability.
About the same year, the Research and Development Committee
andtheBoardofGovernorsoftheASCPBoardRegistryinitiatedastudy
to identify the professional competencies for the medical laboratory
technologist certification examinations. Six general competencies
were identified, namely (1) technical skills; (2) judgement and
analytical decision making; (3) knowledge base; (4) communication;
(5) teaching and training; and supervision and management. Specific
responsibilities were identified and validated under the six general
competencies (Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 1995).
The Canadian Society for Medical Laboratory Science (CSMLS) for
its part in 2000 came up with its revised competency profile for entry-
level medical laboratory scientists that focuses on outcomes rather than
content to meet the needs of the changing profession. The competency
profile describes learning results, a major shift in philosophy which
concentrates on knowledge, skills, attitudes and judgement necessary
for an entry-level medical technologist to perform successfully in the
laboratory.
Educational programs prepare generalists to practice
collaboratively in structured laboratory environments and ensure
that they will be able to practice safely and effectively in predictable
9. JPAIR: Multidisciplinary Journal
24
situations. The CSMLS has identified six competency categories
namely: (1) safe work practices; (2) data gathering and specimen
procurement or receipt; (3) Analysis of specimen and validation of
results; (4) analytical techniques; (5) interpretation and reporting of
results; and (6) quality management. Each competency category has its
own competency indicators where points or marks are being assigned
when used in assessing an entry-level medical laboratory technologist.
METHODOLOGY
The main instrument used in this study was a structured type
of questionnaire using Likert scale of 1 to 5. The questionnaire was
derived from the model formulated from the various competency-
based standards of various accrediting societies and associations like
the American Medical Technologists (AMT), National Accrediting
Agency for Laboratory Scientists (NAACLS), Australian Institute
for Medical Scientists (AIMS); and Canadian Society for Medical
Laboratory Science (CSMLS).
Data from the tracer study on medical technology graduates
SY 2002-2006 conducted by the same author were used in tracing
where they are employed. The respondents were the chief medical
technologists or immediate supervisors of the institutions where the
graduates are employed since the same are the ones who conduct
performance evaluation of the medical technologists.
The study was conducted among Medical Technology graduates
SY 2002-2006 of Lyceum of Batangas only where the AHSE curriculum
was implemented. The survey was limited to graduates who are
working in the hospital-based clinical laboratories. The competency-
based standards of foreign Medical Technology associations were
used for benchmarking of the model competency standards checklist
because there were no standard competencies identified yet neither
by the Professional Regulation Commission nor the professional
association at that time.
10. National Peer Reviewed Journal
25
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
There were a total of seventy-seven out of the 138 (55%) Medical
Technology graduates of SY 2002-2006 were evaluated by their
immediate supervisors in five different hospitals where the graduates
are employed. Majority (73%) of those whose competencies were
evaluated by their immediate supervisors were graduates of batch
2002 followed by 60% (15/25) from batch 2003 and 56% (13/23) from
batch 2004, 48% (15/31) from SY 2005-2006 and 12/29 (41%) graduates
of SY 2004-2005. Table 1.
Understandably, there were more respondents from batch 2002 to
2004 because there were many graduates who had taken and passed
the licensure examinations for medical technologists and therefore
were hired to work in the different clinical laboratories. There were few
graduates who were evaluated from batch 2004 and 2006 because there
were very few who took the licensure examinations and therefore only
those who were registered professionals were employed in different
hospitals in the region and few hospitals in the National Capital
Region. About 10% (13/138) of the medical technology graduates opted
to continue to pursue their medical degree course while 5/138 (3%) got
married and did not take the licensure examinations nor worked in the
hospital anymore.
Table 1. Distribution of respondents
per year graduated (n=138)
Year graduated No. of Graduates No. of Respondents Frequency (%)
2002 30 22 73
2003 25 15 60
2004 23 13 56
2005 29 12 41
2006 31 15 48
TOTAL 138 77 100%
11. JPAIR: Multidisciplinary Journal
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Of the total 77 medical technology graduates who were evaluated,
87% (67/77) passed the medical technology licensure examinations and
10 (13%) failed. The ten graduates who failed were working as clinical
laboratory technicians in the different hospitals.
Table 3 shows the distribution of the graduates as to length
of service in the practice of their profession.
Length of service No. of Respondents Frequency (5)
Less than 1 year 18 23
1 year 21 27
2 years 19 25
3 years 12 16
4 years 7 9
TOTAL 77 100%
Twenty to thirty percent (20/77) of the graduates had been in the
practice of the profession from less than a year to two years and these
were graduates from 2004 to 2006 because it took them a year or two
in the preparation for the licensure examinations and the externship
training of about two to six months before they can be permanently
hired in the hospitals. The remaining 10% to 15% were those who
graduated in 2002 and 2003 and naturally they had been practicing for
quite sometime to compare to those who recently had graduated.
Table 4 shows the model standard competencies derived from the
benchmarking study done by the same author and was used in crafting
the survey questionnaire for identification of core competencies of
medical technology graduates SY 2002-2006.
12. National Peer Reviewed Journal
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Table 4. Model Standard Competencies
CATEGORY: PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY
Indicators:
• Meets the legal and ethical requirements of practice.
• Projects a professional image and follows generally accepted
practices regarding interactions with patients/clients and
colleagues.
• Values her/his position in the health care team and exhibits
empathy and understanding in the care of the patient.
• Respects patient’s right to a reasonable standard of care by
maintaining patient confidentiality at all times.
CATEGORY: PROFESSIONAL LABORATORY SKILLS AND SAFE
WORK PRACTICES
Indicators:
• Conducts professional practice according to established
protocols, safety guidelines, and hospital guidelines.
• Demonstrates proficiency in the specimen collection & handling.
• Applies the principles of clinical laboratory methodology by
performing simple and complex procedures with precision and
accuracy.
• Verifies relevant data and ensures that appropriate specimen are
collected according to established protocols.
• Analyzes specimen and validates results using established
protocols.
• Understands the principles and performs analytical techniques
on specimen that originate from variety of sources.
• Demonstrate the ability to organize and perform multiple
procedures routine and non-routine situations.
• Interprets, communicates and documents confidential data
using scientific knowledge as the basis.
• Applies the principles of disease prevention and control to
health promotion in their role as partners in the delivery of
public health services.
• Practices and promotes quality management system and the
efficient utilization of resources.
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CATEGORY: CRITICIAL THINKING, PROBLEM SOLVING &
DECISION MAKING
Indictors:
• Demonstrates ability to solve problems and make decisions
in the management of his/her own workload, the workload
of the team and in interactions with patients/clients and other
members of the health care team.
• Evaluates and solves problems related to collection and
processing of biological specimen for analysis.
• Differentiates and resolves technical, instrument, physiological
causes of problems or unexpected test results.
CATEGORY: COMMUNICATION, TEAMWORK & INTERACTIVE
SKILLS
Indicators:
• Interacts with patients/clients and laboratory colleagues in a
professional and competent manner using effective listening,
verbal and non-verbal and written communication.
• Interacts with others in groups or teams in ways that contribute
to effective working relationships and the achievement of goals.
• Exhibits care and compassion in direct and indirect contact with
patients.
CATEGORY: INSTRUMENTATION AND COMPUTER SKILLS
Indicators:
• Demonstrates proficiency in the mathematical computation of
laboratory methodology.
• Applies the principles of clinical laboratory instrumentation,
including performance and preventive maintenance.
• Uses computer skills to manage efficiently using available
software packages and LIMS (laboratory information
management systems).
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CATEGORY: LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT
Indicators:
• Exercises leadership when placed in an environment or situation
which requires it.
• Applies the basic principles of management to ensure the
efficient and effective delivery of laboratory information in the
provision of quality health care.
• Gives direction and guidance to technical support personnel.
• CATEGORY: TRAINING RESPONSIBILITIES
• Indicators:
• Provides instruction in theory, technical skills safety protocols
and application of laboratory test procedures.
• Supports and seeks continuing professional education.
Table 5 shows which among the core competencies were highly
exhibited by the medical technology graduates of Lyceum of Batangas
in the practice of their profession.
Table 5. Professional competencies of medical technology
graduates of Lyceum of Batangas
CATEGORIES VALUE RANK
1. Professional Responsibility 4.628 2nd
2. Professional Laboratory
Skills and Safe Work Practices 4.732 1st
3. Critical Thinking, Problem
Solving and Decision Making 4.000 7th
4. Communication, Teamwork
and Interactive Skills 4.347 4th
5. Instrumentation and
Computer Skills 4.300 5th
6. Leadership and Management 4.384 3rd
7. Teaching and Training
Responsibilities 4.069 6th
15. JPAIR: Multidisciplinary Journal
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From the seven categories of core competencies described in
the model, competencies on professional laboratory skills and safe
work practices showed to be the most demonstrated and practiced
by the graduates with a mean value of 4.732 verbally interpreted as
“ALWAYS” demonstrated. These competencies can be demonstrated
as being able to meet the legal and ethical requirements of practice;
projects a professional image and follows generally accepted practices
regarding interactions with patients/clients and colleagues; values
her/his position in the health care team and exhibits empathy and
understanding in the care of the patient; respects patient’s right to a
reasonable standard of care by maintaining patient confidentiality at
all times.
This was followed by competencies showing the conduct of
professional responsibility with a weighted mean of 4.628 (“ALWAYS”)
as indicated by: meets the legal and ethical requirements of practice;
projects a professional image and follows generally accepted practices
regarding interactions with patients/clients and colleagues; values
her/his position in the health care team; exhibits empathy and
understanding in the care of the patient, and respects patient’s right
to a reasonable standard of care by maintaining patient confidentiality
at all times.
The third category of competencies that graduates always
demonstrate in the practice of their profession is on leadership and
management with a weighted mean of 4.384. These top three categories
of competencies are the most demonstrated by medical technology
graduates probably because of the orientation they have been exposed
to during their internship training that in the actual practice of their
profession they have to be professionally responsible at all times
as any legal mistakes in the conduct of their profession will expose
themselves to a lot of legal issues that might revoke their license and
more importantly will affect the health and lives of the patients.
The next three categories of competencies are also always
demonstrated by the graduates however their weighted mean varies
and are not as high as the top three categories ( from 4.000 to 4.036)
because these competencies are mostly developed while one becomes
familiar in their daily conduct of professional responsibilities in the
hospital. The length of stay in their place of work hones the knowledge,
16. National Peer Reviewed Journal
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skills, attitudes and belief of the professionals while taking into
consideration the organizational culture, policies and guidelines in the
respective hospitals where they work.
The length of service working as medical technologists in the
respective hospitals where they work was also correlated with the
competencies being demonstrated by the graduates. Results showed
that there is significant correlation as to the length of service and the
demonstration of the competencies by the graduates on the following
categories of competencies: competencies on communication,
teamwork and interactive skills (p=0.620); and competencies on
teaching and training responsibilities (p=0.711). Meaning these
competencies can be more developed as one stays in the practice of
his/her profession. Honing the skills and attitudes in these categories
of competencies also takes time.
CONCLUSIONS
The results presented in this study have shown that majority of
the medical technology graduates of Lyceum of Batangas SY 2002-2006
have always demonstrated the competencies expected of them like
professional responsibility and professional laboratory skills and safe
work practices while further improvement and retooling is needed on
the following competencies like critical thinking, problem solving and
decision-making; communication, teamwork and interactive skills,
instrumentation and computer skills; leadership and management
and teaching and training responsibilities. With these results, there
is a need to help the future graduates to develop to the fullest these
entry-level competencies by enhancing the Medical Technology
internship training program using an evaluation instrument based on
the competency-based standards model giving emphasis on constant
mentoring, implementation, constant evaluation and monitoring of
the program and the students as well.
17. JPAIR: Multidisciplinary Journal
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