The document reports on the first phase of a study which evaluated an existing clinical competence assessment tool used for MSc nurse students in Kenya. Twenty-seven nurse experts participated in the study and found that the existing tool had low content validity and needed revision. Specifically, the study found that only 7 of 34 items met the minimum content validity index threshold, and the tool had an average congruency percentage of only 60%. This indicates a need to revise the tool by adding and removing some competencies to better assess clinical competence.
A Study to Assess the Level of Knowledge Regarding Airway Management Modaliti...ijtsrd
INTRODUCTION Airway management includes a set of maneuvers and medical procedures performed to prevent and relieve airway obstruction. Due to obstruction in the airway the life of the individual is in danger so use of airway management modalities will help to save the individual’s life. These modalities ensures an open pathway which provide breath to the lungs through the atmospheric air and mechanical support to secure life. The study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge on airway management among Nursing student. The main objectives of study were to assess the knowledge on airway management modalities and to associate the level of knowledge with selected demographic variables. A Quantitative research approach with Descriptive research design was used to evaluate the knowledge regarding airway management modalities. A sample of 60nursing students were selected by convenient sampling technique. structured questionnaire was used to obtain data from the sample . Data analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential statistics on the basis of objective of the study RESULT The result of the study shows that out of 60 samples 13 21.66 having good knowledge 45 75.3 having average knowledge and 2 3.33 having poor knowledge regarding airway management modalities. with regard to mean and standard deviation of knowledge shows 17.3 and 3.92 respectively. CONCLUSION The study concludes that, the knowledge level of students regarding airway management modalities associated airway management is average, the study suggest that proper teaching and adequate training on airway management will be helpful for the students to gain knowledge. Mr. Pradip Kumar Mishra | Mr. Raghavendran M "A Study to Assess the Level of Knowledge Regarding Airway Management Modalities among Nursing Student at Selected Nursing, College Kanpur" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45205.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/45205/a-study-to-assess-the-level-of-knowledge-regarding-airway-management-modalities-among-nursing-student-at-selected-nursing-college-kanpur/mr-pradip-kumar-mishra
Background: Nurse practitioners play a vital role in wound care and management because of the prevalence of wounds in the community and hospital setting. Aims and objectives: The purpose was to identify current knowledge and practices of nurses with respect to wound management. Method: A qualitative descriptive research was designed, nineteen nurses in wound care wards in Bingham University teaching hospital were recruited into this study. This was achieved with the aid of a self-administered questionnaire for a two-week period. Results: Three groups of nurses responded to this survey (73.7% males; 31.6% aged 31-40 years). Registered nurses dominated (68.4%), majority of them worked in male ward (36.8%) and private ward (36.8%). Almost on full-time (94.7%), more than half were diploma holders (57.9%) with 1 to 5 years of experience (47.4%). Majority (84.2%) were involved in wound treatment and management, there were significant association between years of experience and wound classification, wound treatment, treatment failure and treatment failure factors. Conclusion: Wound care practices require accurate knowledge and assessment skills, a better understanding of wound management provides comprehensible, rapid patient wound care and minimizes patient mortality as well as reduces health services financial costs.
INFLUENCE OF HEALTH SERVICE PROVIDER COMPETENCY ON UTILIZATION OF UNIVERSAL H...Premier Publishers
Health workers competency is very critical in realization of quality health care which is a major pillar of Universal Health Coverage. This study assessed the influence of healthcare provider competency on Universal Health Coverage utilization in Seme Sub County, Kisumu County. The study targeted community households and health facility managers. The health facilities were stratified according to their tiers and randomly sampled. The catchment population was stratified by locations and a proportionate sampling technique applied in each stratum giving a computed sample of 377 participants. The descriptive statistics were summarized using tables and charts, while logistic regression was used to determine relationship between variables. The results revealed that quite a number of health service providers are not competent enough in their departments of operation and there is no periodic training on new guidelines. This study further revealed a statistical effect on competency of health service provider on UHC (OR=2.29, 95%CI=1.02-5.15, p<0.05). Healthcare service provider competency levels have direct significant influence on utilization of UHC services by community members.
A Study to Assess the Level of Knowledge Regarding Airway Management Modaliti...ijtsrd
INTRODUCTION Airway management includes a set of maneuvers and medical procedures performed to prevent and relieve airway obstruction. Due to obstruction in the airway the life of the individual is in danger so use of airway management modalities will help to save the individual’s life. These modalities ensures an open pathway which provide breath to the lungs through the atmospheric air and mechanical support to secure life. The study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge on airway management among Nursing student. The main objectives of study were to assess the knowledge on airway management modalities and to associate the level of knowledge with selected demographic variables. A Quantitative research approach with Descriptive research design was used to evaluate the knowledge regarding airway management modalities. A sample of 60nursing students were selected by convenient sampling technique. structured questionnaire was used to obtain data from the sample . Data analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential statistics on the basis of objective of the study RESULT The result of the study shows that out of 60 samples 13 21.66 having good knowledge 45 75.3 having average knowledge and 2 3.33 having poor knowledge regarding airway management modalities. with regard to mean and standard deviation of knowledge shows 17.3 and 3.92 respectively. CONCLUSION The study concludes that, the knowledge level of students regarding airway management modalities associated airway management is average, the study suggest that proper teaching and adequate training on airway management will be helpful for the students to gain knowledge. Mr. Pradip Kumar Mishra | Mr. Raghavendran M "A Study to Assess the Level of Knowledge Regarding Airway Management Modalities among Nursing Student at Selected Nursing, College Kanpur" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45205.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/45205/a-study-to-assess-the-level-of-knowledge-regarding-airway-management-modalities-among-nursing-student-at-selected-nursing-college-kanpur/mr-pradip-kumar-mishra
Background: Nurse practitioners play a vital role in wound care and management because of the prevalence of wounds in the community and hospital setting. Aims and objectives: The purpose was to identify current knowledge and practices of nurses with respect to wound management. Method: A qualitative descriptive research was designed, nineteen nurses in wound care wards in Bingham University teaching hospital were recruited into this study. This was achieved with the aid of a self-administered questionnaire for a two-week period. Results: Three groups of nurses responded to this survey (73.7% males; 31.6% aged 31-40 years). Registered nurses dominated (68.4%), majority of them worked in male ward (36.8%) and private ward (36.8%). Almost on full-time (94.7%), more than half were diploma holders (57.9%) with 1 to 5 years of experience (47.4%). Majority (84.2%) were involved in wound treatment and management, there were significant association between years of experience and wound classification, wound treatment, treatment failure and treatment failure factors. Conclusion: Wound care practices require accurate knowledge and assessment skills, a better understanding of wound management provides comprehensible, rapid patient wound care and minimizes patient mortality as well as reduces health services financial costs.
INFLUENCE OF HEALTH SERVICE PROVIDER COMPETENCY ON UTILIZATION OF UNIVERSAL H...Premier Publishers
Health workers competency is very critical in realization of quality health care which is a major pillar of Universal Health Coverage. This study assessed the influence of healthcare provider competency on Universal Health Coverage utilization in Seme Sub County, Kisumu County. The study targeted community households and health facility managers. The health facilities were stratified according to their tiers and randomly sampled. The catchment population was stratified by locations and a proportionate sampling technique applied in each stratum giving a computed sample of 377 participants. The descriptive statistics were summarized using tables and charts, while logistic regression was used to determine relationship between variables. The results revealed that quite a number of health service providers are not competent enough in their departments of operation and there is no periodic training on new guidelines. This study further revealed a statistical effect on competency of health service provider on UHC (OR=2.29, 95%CI=1.02-5.15, p<0.05). Healthcare service provider competency levels have direct significant influence on utilization of UHC services by community members.
Efficacy of Demonstration on Covid 19 Training on Knowledge Among Final Year ...YogeshIJTSRD
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of demonstration on knowledge regarding covid 19 training among final year nursing students of dr. achal singh yadav institute of nursing and paramedical sciences, lucknow. a quanatitave research approach with quasi experimental research design was used to select 37 final year nursing students. self structured knowledge questionnaire was used for assessing the knowledge regarding covid 19 training among the subjects. spss version 25 was used for analyzing the data. result revealed that in pretest no sample had adequate knowledge as compare to post test 32 students had adequate knowledge regarding covid 19 training. the paired t test shows that obtained p value was 0.008 which is less than p value 0.05 reveal that demonstration was effective to bring changes in knowledge regarding covid 19 training among the participants and chisqaure test reveal that there is no significant association with pretest knowledge on covid 19 training and demographic variables of participant except course of study. Jubin Varghese | Bhoopendra Singh Yadav | Saniya Susan Issac "Efficacy of Demonstration on Covid-19 Training on Knowledge Among Final Year Nursing Students of Dr. Achal Singh Yadav Institute of Nursing and Paramedical Sciences, Lucknow" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd41257.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commedicine/nursing/41257/efficacy-of-demonstration-on-covid19-training-on-knowledge-among-final-year-nursing-students-of-dr-achal-singh-yadav-institute-of-nursing-and-paramedical-sciences-lucknow/jubin-varghese
Scheduling Of Nursing Staff in Hospitals - A Case Studyinventionjournals
International Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Invention (IJMSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJMSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Mathematics and Statistics, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Opinions of Nursing Students towards Simulation Efficiency in Nursing Educationinventionjournals
The students who are studying in Necmettin Erbakan University Nursing Department at nursing education was conducted to determine their views on the effectiveness of simulation. The sample of the study, department nursing studying in second class, who agreed to participate in the study and Medical Nursing participating in the simulation application forms in the course of 48 students. 29.2% of the students in the courses of visual materials, %56,2% visual materials, %89,6% that gives you the opportunity to practice in the course of theuse of materials can increase the success stated. Of the students who participated in the study89.9% of the simulation suggested that it is useful for the nursing profession. Simulation for affairt hat is useful for the nursing professionis safed, controlled environment simulation with the opinions of the technical andintellectual skills to teach the mthe questions on the activity, a significant relation betweens tatistical aspects. (x 2 = 20.43, p < 0.05). Have a positiveopinion of themajority of the students towards the use of simulation in nursing education and at the same time visual, auditory, and gives you the opportunity to practice the permanence of learning because it is a material that is expectedto increase.
Determine the Patients' Satisfaction Concerning In-hospital Information Progr...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care.
Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice
HRSA Comprehensive Geriatric Education Grant Posternomadicnurse
This grant funds a Clinical Nurse Specialist position to work with current Gerontological CNS in providing education, mentoring / support, developing / measuring outcomes for knowledge, practice change and patient outcomes by:
Expanding NICHE training at Piedmont Hospital in Atlanta beyond Acute Care nurses to include Emergency Department nurses;
2) Introducing NICHE training at Piedmont Fayette, Piedmont Newnan and Piedmont Mountainside for Acute Care and Emergency Department nurses;
3) Introducing NICHE training for nursing staff at two of our Long-Term Care facility partners; and
4) Disseminating program materials and information to other healthcare entities throughout Georgia and the U.S. through local workshops and presentations at national healthcare conferences.
Knowledge and Practice of Documentation among Nurses in Ahmadu Bello Universi...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care. Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice. The journal publishes original papers, reviews, special and general articles, case management etc.
Effectiveness of iv skills laboratory trainingRiyazul Ahmed
The effectiveness of skills laboratory training is widely recognized. Yet, the transfer of procedural skills acquired in skills laboratories into clinical practice has rarely been investigated. We conducted a prospective, randomised, double-blind, controlled trial to evaluate, if students having trained intravenous (IV) cannulation in a skills laboratory are rated as more professional regarding technical and communication skills compared to students who underwent bedside teaching when assessed objectively by independent video assessors and subjectively by patients.
Background: Optimum learning environments (LEs) are linked with positive training outcomes for residents. However, there is few data concerning how the residents perceive the learning environments in teaching hospitals. This study aims to analyze the residents’ perceptions of their learning environments.
Methods: This cross-sectional, hospital-based study was carried out between November 2020 and January 2021, using a Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measurement (PHEEM) questionnaire. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 20.
Results: The total number was 45 participants, 40 of them successfully responded. The total Cronbach`s alpha score was 0.93, which reflects good reliability. The full-scale score was 128 out of 160, which indicates a good learning environment. The autonomy score was 44, the teachers' score was 50, and social support was 34. Finally, the overall mean score for females was 43.3 compared to 39.4 for males, with a P-value of 0.55. Furthermore, no significant difference in residents’ perceptions of their learning environment according to their training was observed in this study.
Conclusion: Significant challenges in the LE were identified; more attention and effort should be given, especially to the poorly rated point in this study: the existence of an informative program, clear clinical protocols, and proper setting expectations. The lowest score was for catering, housing. A high social support score indicates a healthy workplace environment and job satisfaction.
Efficacy of Demonstration on Covid 19 Training on Knowledge Among Final Year ...YogeshIJTSRD
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of demonstration on knowledge regarding covid 19 training among final year nursing students of dr. achal singh yadav institute of nursing and paramedical sciences, lucknow. a quanatitave research approach with quasi experimental research design was used to select 37 final year nursing students. self structured knowledge questionnaire was used for assessing the knowledge regarding covid 19 training among the subjects. spss version 25 was used for analyzing the data. result revealed that in pretest no sample had adequate knowledge as compare to post test 32 students had adequate knowledge regarding covid 19 training. the paired t test shows that obtained p value was 0.008 which is less than p value 0.05 reveal that demonstration was effective to bring changes in knowledge regarding covid 19 training among the participants and chisqaure test reveal that there is no significant association with pretest knowledge on covid 19 training and demographic variables of participant except course of study. Jubin Varghese | Bhoopendra Singh Yadav | Saniya Susan Issac "Efficacy of Demonstration on Covid-19 Training on Knowledge Among Final Year Nursing Students of Dr. Achal Singh Yadav Institute of Nursing and Paramedical Sciences, Lucknow" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd41257.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commedicine/nursing/41257/efficacy-of-demonstration-on-covid19-training-on-knowledge-among-final-year-nursing-students-of-dr-achal-singh-yadav-institute-of-nursing-and-paramedical-sciences-lucknow/jubin-varghese
Scheduling Of Nursing Staff in Hospitals - A Case Studyinventionjournals
International Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Invention (IJMSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJMSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Mathematics and Statistics, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Opinions of Nursing Students towards Simulation Efficiency in Nursing Educationinventionjournals
The students who are studying in Necmettin Erbakan University Nursing Department at nursing education was conducted to determine their views on the effectiveness of simulation. The sample of the study, department nursing studying in second class, who agreed to participate in the study and Medical Nursing participating in the simulation application forms in the course of 48 students. 29.2% of the students in the courses of visual materials, %56,2% visual materials, %89,6% that gives you the opportunity to practice in the course of theuse of materials can increase the success stated. Of the students who participated in the study89.9% of the simulation suggested that it is useful for the nursing profession. Simulation for affairt hat is useful for the nursing professionis safed, controlled environment simulation with the opinions of the technical andintellectual skills to teach the mthe questions on the activity, a significant relation betweens tatistical aspects. (x 2 = 20.43, p < 0.05). Have a positiveopinion of themajority of the students towards the use of simulation in nursing education and at the same time visual, auditory, and gives you the opportunity to practice the permanence of learning because it is a material that is expectedto increase.
Determine the Patients' Satisfaction Concerning In-hospital Information Progr...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care.
Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice
HRSA Comprehensive Geriatric Education Grant Posternomadicnurse
This grant funds a Clinical Nurse Specialist position to work with current Gerontological CNS in providing education, mentoring / support, developing / measuring outcomes for knowledge, practice change and patient outcomes by:
Expanding NICHE training at Piedmont Hospital in Atlanta beyond Acute Care nurses to include Emergency Department nurses;
2) Introducing NICHE training at Piedmont Fayette, Piedmont Newnan and Piedmont Mountainside for Acute Care and Emergency Department nurses;
3) Introducing NICHE training for nursing staff at two of our Long-Term Care facility partners; and
4) Disseminating program materials and information to other healthcare entities throughout Georgia and the U.S. through local workshops and presentations at national healthcare conferences.
Knowledge and Practice of Documentation among Nurses in Ahmadu Bello Universi...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care. Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice. The journal publishes original papers, reviews, special and general articles, case management etc.
Effectiveness of iv skills laboratory trainingRiyazul Ahmed
The effectiveness of skills laboratory training is widely recognized. Yet, the transfer of procedural skills acquired in skills laboratories into clinical practice has rarely been investigated. We conducted a prospective, randomised, double-blind, controlled trial to evaluate, if students having trained intravenous (IV) cannulation in a skills laboratory are rated as more professional regarding technical and communication skills compared to students who underwent bedside teaching when assessed objectively by independent video assessors and subjectively by patients.
Background: Optimum learning environments (LEs) are linked with positive training outcomes for residents. However, there is few data concerning how the residents perceive the learning environments in teaching hospitals. This study aims to analyze the residents’ perceptions of their learning environments.
Methods: This cross-sectional, hospital-based study was carried out between November 2020 and January 2021, using a Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measurement (PHEEM) questionnaire. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 20.
Results: The total number was 45 participants, 40 of them successfully responded. The total Cronbach`s alpha score was 0.93, which reflects good reliability. The full-scale score was 128 out of 160, which indicates a good learning environment. The autonomy score was 44, the teachers' score was 50, and social support was 34. Finally, the overall mean score for females was 43.3 compared to 39.4 for males, with a P-value of 0.55. Furthermore, no significant difference in residents’ perceptions of their learning environment according to their training was observed in this study.
Conclusion: Significant challenges in the LE were identified; more attention and effort should be given, especially to the poorly rated point in this study: the existence of an informative program, clear clinical protocols, and proper setting expectations. The lowest score was for catering, housing. A high social support score indicates a healthy workplace environment and job satisfaction.
2015 Email Marketing Industry Census - The Results Adestra
Now in its 9th year, the census reveals that email is still in the running for top spot when it comes to return on marketing investment. However, there is still a wide gap between companies who see excellent ROI from their investment, and the ones that struggle. The census has shown that team structure is one of the factors affecting this gap.
Join us for a discussion of the key findings from this year’s census report, so you can benchmark your email marketing in areas like mobile, automation, best practice and budgets.
Advantages and Disadvantages of the Objective Structured Clinical Examination...ijtsrd
Background The objective structured clinical examination is a valuable evaluation strategy to assess students competencies in a range of skills. It has been increasingly integrated into nursing education. Purpose The purpose of this literature review was to identify the advantages and disadvantages of using the objective structured clinical examination in nursing education. Design A comprehensive search of the recent literature related to the objective structured clinical examination was undertaken. Methods A review of literature published over the last 15 years on a wide variety of recent studies in nursing and related discipline in the field of objective structured clinical examination was performed. Results Most studies indicated that the objective structured clinical examination was poorly addressed in nursing education particular in Arab academic nursing institutions. The objective structured clinical examination is an effective evaluation method to assess the students competencies in performing clinical nursing tasks. Students and instructors showed a positive attitude toward using the objective structured clinical examination as an evaluation method. The advantages and disadvantages of using the objective structured clinical examination in nursing education are summarized. Discussion Overall, it is evident that the objective structured clinical examination has been growing use in nursing education. The OSCEs have a variety of favorable advantages that argue implementation in nursing education, however, there are many obstacles to apply. Therefore, investigating the barriers to use this assessment method and developing appropriate interventions are recommended. Izzeddin A. Abu Bdair | Hala F. Abuzaineh | Hala M. R. Burqan "Advantages and Disadvantages of the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) in Nursing Education: A Literature Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd20269.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/20269/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-the-objective-structured-clinical-examination-osce-in-nursing-education-a-literature-review/izzeddin-a-abu-bdair
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Star Model Research
The Star Model provides a focal point for evidence-based practice activities, including education and interdisciplinary research projects. Projects and investigations are concentrated on two objectives: (a) basic and professional level workforce development for EBP; and (b) the study of the processes and outcomes within evidence-based quality improvement. We study evidence synthesis, translation of evidence into practice, and healthcare provider and organizational change. A short description of representative projects and research follows. Current Research TopicsList of TopicsStar Model Translational Research
This ongoing program expands and tests a model for understanding evidence-based practice. The study of EBP is essentially the study of transforming knowledge produced through primary studies and moving it through adoption into clinical decision-making.
Using the Star Model as a framework, our program of translational research investigates phenomena associated with EBP, including summarizing evidence, clinical guideline development and uptake, organizational culture, and outcome measures. The initial project in this timely program of research was Evaluation of Systematic Reviews Published in Nursing Literature: A Replication, that pointed to the need for more rigorous systematic reviews in nursing. Subsequent projects investigate factors associated with uptake of clinical practice guidelines, innovation, and system culture change.
Top of TopicsStar Model of Knowledge Transformation
Developed in 2004, the Star Model is configured as a simple 5-point star; and it explains how knowledge is transformed at five major stages, starting from primary research, and continuing through the stages of evidence summary, translation, integration, and evaluation. This model places nursing’s previous scientific work within the context of EBP and is proving useful for examining the EBP process, roles in EBP, and research methods with which to investigate EBP.
Adopted by scores of hospitals across the nation as part of their journey to excellence, the Star Model forms a foundation for developing workforce competencies, organizing projects, and employing EBP in clinical settings. Influenced by Imogene King, we continue to evolve the Star Model as a theory, combining concepts of knowledge transformation with elements of communication, mutual goal setting, and systems theory.
Top of TopicsImprovement Science Research Network
While quality improvement activities are highly encouraged in acute care settings, hospitals and improvement scientists are not well connected. Th.
Contents lists available at ScienceDirectNurse Education TAlleneMcclendon878
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Nurse Education Today
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/nedt
The transfer of theoretical knowledge to clinical practice by nursing students
and the difficulties they experience: A qualitative study
Ulviye Günaya,⁎, Gülsen Kılınçb
a Department of Pediatric Nursing, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Inonu University, Malatya 44280, Turkey
b Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Inonu University, Malatya 44280, Turkey
A R T I C L E I N F O
Keywords:
Nursing students
Theoretical knowledge
Clinical practice
Difficulties
Experience
Transfer
Qualitative study
A B S T R A C T
Background: Nursing education contains both theoretical and practical training processes. Clinical training is the
basis of nursing education. The quality of clinical training is closely related to the quality of the clinical learning
environment.
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the transfer of theoretical knowledge into clinical practice by nursing
students and the difficulties they experience during this process.
Methods: A qualitative research design was used in the study. The study was conducted in 2015 with 30 nursing
students in a university located in the east of Turkey, constituting three focus groups. The questions directed to
the students during the focus group interviews were as follows: What do you think about your clinical training?
How do you evaluate yourself in the process of putting your theoretical knowledge into clinical practice? What
kind of difficulties are you experiencing in clinical practices?
Results: The data were interpreted using the method of content analysis. Most of the students reported that
theoretical information they received was excessive, their ability to put most of this information into practice
was weak, and they lacked courage to touch patients for fear of implementing procedures incorrectly. As a result
of the analysis of the data, five main themes were determined: clinical training, guidance and communication,
hospital environment and expectations.
Conclusions: The results of this study showed that nursing students found their clinical knowledge and skills
insufficient and usually failed to transfer their theoretical knowledge into clinical practices. The study observed
that nursing students experienced various issues in clinical practices. In order to fix these issues and achieve an
effective clinical training environment, collaboration should be achieved among nursing instructors, nurses,
nursing school and hospital managements.
Additionally, the number of nursing educators should be increased and training programs should be provided
regarding effective clinical training methods.
1. Introduction
Nursing education involves theoretical and practical educational
processes. Students are taught how to provide care for people in dif-
ferent healthcare settings (Dinmohammadi et al., 2016), with education
occurring in classrooms, laboratories and cl ...
OSCE Tool for Improving B. Sc. Nursing Students' Antenatal , Examinationiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care.
Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice.The journal publishes original papers, reviews, special and general articles, case management etc.
Awareness, Utilization and Effectiveness of the Macarthur’s Foundation Clinic...ijtsrd
The MacArthur Clinical Skills Laboratory MCSL of the University of Port Harcourt UPH was launched in 2011 with limited evaluation undertaken. The awareness and utilization of the lab as well as its perceived effectiveness were assessed. A descriptive cross sectional study design was utilized utilizing structured questionnaires. Participants included 400 600L medical students and doctors in the UPH and its teaching hospital respectively. Frequencies and percentages were used in summary statistics 102 doctors, 55 53.9 females and 47 46.1 males and 127 students, 77 60.6 females and 50 39.4 males respondents. About 32.4 of doctors were not aware of MCSL, 37.7 did not know its location, only 30.4 had made use of it and 40.6 did not know whom it was designed for. About 6.9 of doctors and 11.8 of students were aware of the online MCSL course. About 56.7 of students strongly agreed that their peers were critical to their learning, while 6.3 agreed that the center staff were helpful in aiding their learning. There is a need to create awareness of the presence and usefulness of the UPH MCSL. Isokariari, Ogechukwu Mary-Anne | Fomsi, Esther Fabiawari "Awareness, Utilization and Effectiveness of the Macarthur’s Foundation Clinical Skills Laboratory of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd53981.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/medicine/other/53981/awareness-utilization-and-effectiveness-of-the-macarthur’s-foundation-clinical-skills-laboratory-of-the-university-of-port-harcourt-teaching-hospital/isokariari-ogechukwu-maryanne
In 2006, the Commission on Higher Education (CHED)
released CHED Memorandum Order (CMO) no. 14 which changed the
duration of internship training program to six months as opposed to
the previous memorandum order, CMO no. 27 s. 1998 which required
a one-year internship schedule for Medical Laboratory Science (MLS)
students. Thirty-eight graduates of CMO No. 14 s. 2006 from Lyceum of
the Philippines University-Batangas and 13 chief medical technologists
(CMT) or senior medical laboratory staff from identified affiliate-
hospitals were surveyed about their perception on the attainment of the
objectives, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the said program.
Results show that objectives were achieved even if the duration of the
training period was shortened. The graduate-respondents favored the 6-month internship training program while the CMT preferred the
one year timetable. This study can be used as a pilot study for other
higher education institutions implementing the same CMO and can
be used as a basis for a curricular reform by assessing the different
parameters that were identified in order to enhance further the six-
month internship training program in producing globally competitive
medical laboratory scientists.
The Perception of Emergency Medical Staff on the Use of Electronic Patient Cl...ijtsrd
Background The electronic recording of patient information in ambulance services has provided healthcare professionals with the ability to send patient data to their GP or other relevant services electronically. It is critical to comprehend how paramedics view and adjust to electronic platforms as technology continues to advance. Objective To identify the facilitators and barriers EMS staff encounter when using e PCR. To explore the overall perception of EMS staff towards the utilization of e PCR in EMS settings. Method Four databases were searched including PubMed, Scopus, Medline and Science Direct. Result All 11 publications were evaluated for qualitative data and the publication was found to be of fair or good quality. Studies investigating the perception of staff found mixed perceptions. The search generated a total of 1365 potential articles. After the initial screening process, 229 duplicate records were removed Out of the remaining 1136 papers, 1079 were excluded as they did not meet the selection criteria the title, abstract, and keywords. Of the remaining 57 papers, a full text screening eliminated 46 for the study design quantitative studies n=22 , no perception of staff documented n=19 and no full text available n=5 . Thus, 11 papers that met the inclusion criteria were selected for final analysis. The risk of bias was quantified using CASP. A qualitative synthesis was conducted and three major themes emerged Facilitators, Barriers and overall perception of staff. Conclusion This systematic review found that EMS staff hold complex and diverse views on e PCR systems. While several facilitators and barriers impact e PCR adoption, it has been found that e PCR has the potential to enhance documentation, communication, data driven decision making and finally the ability to improve overall patient care quality. To ensure successful adoption, addressing technical issues, data security and training requirements and organisational barriers is important. Reshma Joe | Jomin George "The Perception of Emergency Medical Staff on the Use of Electronic Patient Clinical Records Systems in Emergency Medical Service: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62365.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/62365/the-perception-of-emergency-medical-staff-on-the-use-of-electronic-patient-clinical-records-systems-in-emergency-medical-service-a-systematic-review/reshma-joe
Effect of Clinical Supervision Program for Head Nurses on Quality Nursing Care iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care.
Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
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- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
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Evaluation of a tool for assessing clinical competence of msc nurse students
1. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol.3, No.13, 2013
www.iiste.org
Evaluation of a Tool for Assessing Clinical Competence of Msc
Nurse Students
*Margaret Chege1 Peter Mwaniki 2 Timothy Abuya 3
1. PhD student, Mount Kenya University
2. Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture &Technology
3. Population Council
* E-mail of the corresponding author: ngathas@gmail.com
Abstract
This paper reports the first of a four phase study whose aim is to develop and validate an instrument for
assessing the clinical competence of Master of Science (Msc) - medical-surgical nurse students.
The objective of the first phase of the study was to evaluate the existing instrument, currently being used for
assessing clinical competence of MSc nurse students pursuing medical/surgical specialty. It also explores ideas
and content for the development of a new tool.
The target population was nurse educators and nurse clinicians with a minimum of MSc-Medical/surgical
nursing. Twenty seven (27) participants who participated in this study were drawn from eight (8) of Kenya’s
recognized universities offering nursing training. The participants had been involved in the training of
undergraduate and post-graduate nurse students for a minimum of two (2) years. The aim was to capture
participants with current knowledge in nursing practice and those who are familiar with emerging issues in
nursing education and practice. Qualitative and quantitative research approaches were used. Data were analyzed
using SPSS version 17. The study findings showed that the tool has a low average congruency percentage at
60%. Only seven (20.6%) out of 34 items/competencies demonstrated the minimum content validity index (CVI)
of 0.78 (Lynn, 1986). This calls for urgent revision of the tool specifically in terms of adding some performance
competencies and probably deleting others.
Keywords: Instrument evaluation, Clinical competence, Clinical competence assessment instrument, Content
evidence, Average Congruency Percentage
1. Background information
Internationally, nursing education has evolved rapidly since introduction of baccalaureate nursing training in
universities. In common with other settings, a lot of changes in nursing education have been witnessed in Kenya
during the last fifteen years or so. Apart from introduction of nursing curricula at undergraduate level in several
Kenyan universities during this period, the first ever post-graduate medical-surgical nursing training was
launched at the University of Nairobi in 2004. At the same time, the nursing profession in Kenya was struggling
to shift from the traditional method of nurse training to innovative methods to ensure high level of competence in
practice and education (Rakuom, 2010). These changes have served both as a response to advocacy and a means
of ensuring better patient care (Bruden & Gibbs, 2002). To determine adequacy of training programmes such as
the MSc – medical surgical nursing course in addressing gaps in patient care, formal assessments of clinical
competence are critical and constitute part of the educational challenges in establishing new clinical programmes.
In light of the recent innovations in nursing training in Kenya, such as e-learning and skill lab methodology,
assessing clinical competence among nurses trained in the newly introduced specialties is of major importance.
According to EdCAN (2008) assessment of clinical competence is faced by many challenges such as inadequate
preparation of the individual being assessed and of the assessor.
In more recent nursing studies, the issue of competence has been explored in different ways. It is generally
accepted that nursing competence is based on clinical reasoning which includes clinical decision making, critical
thinking, global grasp of the situation (Heller et al., 2011) and dynamic practice that incorporates application of
high level knowledge and skills among others. Measuring competence through performance is therefore
necessary for determining ability, readiness and quality of workers produced by a training programme and can be
a prediction of the quality of health services to be offered.
In 2004 the University of Nairobi’s School of Nursing Sciences (SONS) was the only institution offering
postgraduate medical-surgical nursing course in Kenya and understandably the institution unilaterally developed
an assessment tool for clinical competence in this area. This is the tool under evaluation and consists of six (6)
domains stated as “Conducts assessment of patient and gives report”, “Draws a comprehensive plan of action”,
“Execution of management using the drawn plan of intervention” “Candidates characteristics as applied to
53
2. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol.3, No.13, 2013
www.iiste.org
client/patient” “Candidates characteristics as applied to interaction with other members of staff” and lastly “Oral
examination”. The tool has a pool of 34 competency items.
According to van Der Vleuten & Schurwith (2005) assessment in medical education addresses complex
competencies and as such requires quantitative and qualitative information from different sources as well as
professional judgment. The scholars further explain that adequate sampling across judges and tool contents can
ensure the validity and reliability of a tool.. Such procedures ensure an assessment tool measures the construct it
is designed to measure and does so accurately. Such a tool forms the basis for facilitating the quality of student
learning in the clinical area and protection of the clients from harm. Separately, public safety is forcing
professions to confront issues of competence critically and more so for those in highly specialized disciplines
(Byrne & Waters, 2007). The MSc – medical-surgical nurse graduates are deployed in such areas. They are
expected to respond competently to complex health care needs of the clients. They are also expected to expand
nursing faculty and redesign nursing education in Kenya. The MSc-medical-nurse graduates are trained to
undertake complex procedures, such as endotracheal intubation, prescription, wound closure, manual vacuum
aspiration, insertion of Norplant, prescribing and administering oxytocin, which have been the preserve of
doctors (Rakuom, 2010). To ensure that medical-surgical specialists are equipped to handle the current demands
of their jobs, a valid, reliable tool for assessment of clinical competence at exit from training is vital. Without
clear standards for the demonstration of this important aspect, a patient’s safety could be at risk.
Lofmark &Thorell – Ekstrand (2004) imply that after an assessment tool has been in use for some years, it
should be revised. This is because many changes in theory and practice occur over time. These changes
influence clinical competence (Chege et al., 2009). Despite the existence of MSc – medical - surgical nursing
programme for nearly 10 years in Kenya, no research has been conducted to establish the validity and reliability
of the clinical competence assessment tool. There are rapid changes in nursing education and practice such as
rapid evolving technology, changes in nursing roles and consumer awareness. Such changes demand
development of assessments within context of curricula change. When standards of acceptable performance are
clearly defined by regulatory bodies such as the Nursing Council of Kenya, then the society holds trainers and
practitioners fully accountable when performance is unacceptable. If educators fail to ensure that the assessment
tools measure what they are designed to measure, thus identifying the competent and incompetent practitioners,
then improper decisions about the student may be made. The patient may be hurt (Epstein, 2007) and the future
of caregiver put in jeopardy.
1.1 Methodology
The goal of this phase of the study was to evaluate and to explore issues including ideas for developing and
validating a tool that would be the new standard for assessing clinical competence of MSc – Medical-surgical
student nurses. Twenty seven (27) experts drawn from eight universities across Kenya were surveyed to collect
content evidence. Among these 5(18.5%) were specialists in Medical-surgical nursing, 12(44.4%) in Critical
Care nursing, 8(29.6%) in Paediatric nursing and 2(7.4%) in Mental health and Psychiatric nursing. The Letters
of request to participate in the study were sent to the experts. The principles outlined in the Helsinki Declaration
were followed. Ethical approval for research was obtained from the joint Kenyatta National Hospital and
University of Nairobi Ethics and Research Committee and Ministry of Higher Education, Science and
Technology. The Director of School of Nursing Sciences, University of Nairobi also provided institutional
approval for the study. The subjects were not coerced to participate in the study. Traceable personal identifiers
were removed from the data to ensure anonymity and data were treated with confidentiality.
The initial version of the assessment tool consisted of thirty four items (34) across six (6) domains. Experts
started by deciding whether the current tool was adequate in content and if not, what domains and competencies
were lacking. During this first round of the Delphi study the experts were asked to examine the items on the tool
under study and determine if the domains and items present were representative of the construct being measured.
The questionnaire asked participants two questions addressing each domain and item:
a) Do you agree that the following domains and items/competencies should be included in the tool for the
assessment of clinical competence of MSc-medical-surgical nurse students?
b) Do you feel more domains or items need to be added? Write down the domains and items which need to
be added in the space provided, giving reasons for your suggestion (s). These questions were however
restructured after pre-testing to read:
1. To what extent do you agree or disagree that the following domains and competencies should be
included in the tool for the assessment of clinical competence of MSc -medical- surgical nurse students
at exit from the course?
54
3. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol.3, No.13, 2013
www.iiste.org
2.
Do you suggest addition of more domains or items? [Yes] [No]. If “yes” which ones? Please indicate
in the pace provided, giving reasons for your response(s).
The participants were to indicate their agreement on the acceptance of an item/competency on a 4-point scale: 1
= strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = agree and 4 = strongly agree. This 4-point scale was chosen to ensure a
focused decision rather than a neutral response. The questionnaire also asked the participants to freely add to the
content of the tool, any domains and/or items which they thought were missing. Hence, after every set of
domain and its items/competencies, there was a space for comments. For example domain 1 “Conduct
assessment of patient and give report” had four items stated as: “empathy, response to patient’s needs, respects
patient and confidentiality”.
1.1.2 Data Analysis
Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 17. Basic sample characteristics were summarized and
presented using descriptive statistics including means, standard deviation (SD) and frequency tabulations. Two
indices namely individual content validity index (I-CVI) and content validity index for scale (S-CVI) were
calculated to determine item relevance. An I-CVI was computed for each of the thirty four items in the
assessment tool while an average S-CVI was calculated for each of the six domains. I-CVI, a measure of content
validity was calculated by collapsing the experts’ four-point ordinal responses into two levels – agree and
disagree and computing the proportion of experts who rated an item as relevant. The S-CVI was calculated as
the proportion of items within each domain given a rating of relevance by all experts. Finally, Cronbach alpha
was calculated to determine the internal consistency of the assessment tool.
1.2 Results and Discussion
1.2.1 Characteristics of participants
A total of twenty seven participants were recruited during this first round. The average age of the panelist was
42. ± 6.3 and ranged 35 to 57 years.
Table 1: Demographic Characteristics of the participants
Number
Percent
%
Gender
Male
12
44.4
Female
15
55.6
Public University
24
89
Private University
3
11.1
Master’s degree
25
92.6
PhD degree
2
7.4
Medical surgical
5
18.5
Critical care nursing
12
44.4
Paediatric nursing
8
29.6
Mental Health & Psychiatry
2
7.4
Nurse educator
20
74.1
Nurse clinician
7
25.9
Institutional affiliation
Academic qualification
Area of specialization
Primary responsibilities
55
4. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol.3, No.13, 2013
www.iiste.org
Designation
Assistant lecturer
7
25.9
Lecturer
12
44.4
Senior lecturer
1
3.7
Senior nursing officer
7
25.9
Table 1 above shows that fifteen (55.6%) of the panelists were female and 24 (89%) were based in public
universities and were mostly (92.3%) holders of master’s degree qualification. Approximately three quarters
(74.1%) of participants were nurse educators drawn from various specialties including paediatrics, critical care
nursing, medical- surgical and mental health and psychiatric nursing. Their experience in the training of BSc
nursing ranged from 2 to 21 years.
1.2.2 Rating of the current MSC clinical assessment tool by domain and items
The analysis of nurse experts rating of the items contained in the MSc- clinical assessment tool is presented
according to tool’s domains.
Table 2: Cronbach alpha by tool domains
Cronbach
alpha
1
Assessment of patient
0.84
2
Comprehensive plan of action
0.86
3
Execution of management using the drawn plan for intervention
0.94
4
Candidates’ characteristics as applied to client/patient
0.76
5
Candidates’ characteristics as applied to interaction with other members of staff
0.83
6
Oral examination
0.63
Table 2 above shows the Cronbach alpha of each of the tool ‘s domains. The Average Congruency Percentage
(ACP) for all the 34 items contained in the tool was 60%. Content Validity Index (CVI) for the six individual
domains ranged from 0.43 to 0.72 with domain- specific Cronbach alpha values being between 0.63 and 0.94.
No.
Domains
1.2.3 Domain 1: Conducts assessment of patient and give report
Twenty-one (77.9%) of panelists felt that the domain’s name did not match the four items within it and
suggested that it should be renamed “health assessment of the patient” and contain two sub domains namely,
history taking and physical examination. Further 18 (66.7%) participants suggested that the part of the domain
“give report” should instead be an item/competency under a new domain “documentation” which was lacking in
the tool. Sixteen (59.3%) participants suggested that the student should be assessed on application of Gordon’s
Functional Health Pattern in patient assessment.
Table 3: The I-CVI of Items in domain 1: Conduct assessment of patient and give report
Agree,
Disagree,
I-CVI
S-CVI/ Ave
n (%)
n (%)
1
Empathy
7(25.9)
20(74.1)
0.26
2
Response to patient needs
13(50.0)
13(50.0)
0.50
0.43
3
Respect for patients
14(51.8)
13(48.2)
0.52
4
Confidentiality
11(42.3)
15(57.7)
0.42
From table 3 above, majority 21 (74.1%) of experts felt that the first item “empathy” was difficult to assess and
that it should be incorporated in a domain “professional conduct”. Agreement on the relevance of this item was a
correspondingly low among the panelists (I-CVI = 0.26). Similarly panelists felt that confidentiality was
difficult to assess. At least 14 (51.9%) of the participants indicated that response to patient needs though an
important competency, was not relevant in the domain.
Items/competencies
56
5. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol.3, No.13, 2013
www.iiste.org
1.2.4 Domain 2: Comprehensive plan of action
Table 4: Participant’s perception of relevance of items in domain 2: - Drawing comprehensive plan of action)
Agree,
Disagree,
n
I-CVI
S-CVI/ Ave
n (%)
(%)
1
Nursing care plan
18(66.7)
9(33.3)
0.67
2
Nursing diagnoses
17(63)
10(37.0)
0.63.
3
Intervention
24(89)
3(11.1)
0.89
0.72
4
Scientific rationale
15(55.6)
12(44.4)
0.56
5
Evaluation
22(84.6)
4(15.4)
0.85
Table 4 above shows that, there was strong agreement among panelists regarding the relevance of two aspects of
nursing care planning namely, intervention and evaluation, as content of the assessment tool. The two had I-CVI
values 0.89 and 0.85 respectively. Many 14(51.9%) of the participants felt that the student should be assessed on
the ability to draw a Concept Map as a pre-requisite for nursing care plan and that it should be included as a
domain in the tool.
Items/competencies
1.2.5 Domain 3: Execution of management using the drawn plan for intervention
The panelists 24 (89%) indicated that the domain was poorly structured and that it should be named “execution
of a specified procedure”.
Table 5: Participants’ perception of relevance of items in Domain 3:- Execution of management using the
drawn plan for intervention.
Items/competencies
1
2
3
4
Preparation of:
a) Environment
b) Self
c) Assistant
d) Patient
e) Equipment
Procedure: a) Procedure steps
b) Response to patients’ needs
c) Patient’s safety
Post Procedure Care:a) Patient comfort
b) Communication with patient
c) Patient support
Recording/Documentation
Agree,
n (%)
Disagree,
(%)
n
I-CVI
S-CVI/ Ave
0.63
11(40.7)
19(70.4)
8(29.6)
17(63)
19(70.4)
16(59.3)
8(29. 6)
19(70.4)
10(37)
8(29.6)
0.41
0.70
0.30
0.63
0.70
13(48.2)
19(76.0)
20(80.0)
14(52)
6(24.0)
5(20.0)
0.48
0.76
0.80
18(66.7)
18(72.0)
18(72.0)
9(33.3)
7(28.0)
7(28.0)
0.67
0.72
0.72
24(89)
3(11.1)
0.89
5
Clearance/Disposal
11(44.0)
14(56.0)
0.44
From table 5 above, majority (70.4%) expressed that the items in “execution of management using the drawn
plan for intervention” domain were misplaced and that the whole domain needed to be reorganized. An example
of a misplaced item was “responds to patient’s needs” of which 16 (59.3%) of the participants recommended
should be in a domain “professional conduct”. The item “ensuring patient’s safety” in the domain was an
important consideration for participants as indicated by the I-CVI of 0.80, while “preparation of the assistant had
the lowest I-CVI of 0.30.
1.2.6 Domain 4:
Candidate’s characteristics as applied to client/patient
Among the four candidate characteristics contained in the domain, only “respect towards the patient” had
acceptable content validity index (I-CVI = 0.89). On commenting about the domain and the items, all (100%)
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6. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol.3, No.13, 2013
www.iiste.org
stated that the items:- “empathy” (I-CVI=0.67), “responds to patient’s needs” (I-CVI = 0. 63) and “showing
respect towards the patient”, should be under a new domain “professional conduct”.
1.2.7 Domain 5: Candidate’s characteristics as applied to interaction with other members of Staff
This domain had five items. “Ability to Communicate with colleagues” (I-CVI = 0.80) “prompt in decision
making” (I-CVI = 0.80) and “appreciation of teamwork” (I-CVI=0.80) were reported as important characteristics
to be considered in the assessment of clinical competence. Being spontaneous was considered as not important
by 18 (69.2%) of the respondents.
1.2.8 Domain 6: Oral Examination
The participants indicated that, during oral examination it is vital for a candidate to justify the use of the nursing
theory/model she/he applied in the care of the identified patient (I-CVI = 0.85). More than one-half of
participants 14(52%) considered it relevant to identify teams involved in the management of the patient while
majority 19(70.4%) indicated that explanation of patient-referral systems was not relevant (I-CVI = 0.30).
Lastly, panelists suggested several domains and items as potential additions to the oral domain:- medical/surgical
nurse scope of practice (17 = 63%), explaining rationale for the patient therapeutic interventions (20 = 74.1%),
interpretation of laboratory and radiologic tests (19 = 70.4%) and determination of health educational needs of
patient/family (22 = 81.5%). Fifteen (55.6%) suggested inclusion of a domain “critical thinking” and 17(63%)
suggested a new domain, “self-assessment”.
1. 3 Discussion
At least 80% agreement was achieved among four domains, patient assessment, comprehensive plan of action,
execution of plan for intervention and candidate’s characteristics. This is however lower than the recommended
90% (Waltz et al., 2005). All (100%) of the participants, suggested reorganization of these domains to ensure
clarity; other new domains were suggested meaning the content of the tool was viewed as inadequate and
supporting the low Average Congruency Percentage (ACP) of 60%.
Although the difference between “agree and strongly agree” may seem subtle, it must have had a dynamic
impact. This is because although all 34 items in the initial version of the tool were theoretically relevant and
equally important for the overall purpose of the assessment of clinical competence, many of them did not
perform well under psychometric testing. Others, though important in the overall clinical competence of the
MSc – medical-surgical nurse student, they were placed in the wrong domain and so rated very low. In total
17(50%) items were rated low and among them “empathy” was rejected by 20(74.1%) of the participants while
confidentiality and referral were rejected by 19(70.4%) participants each. Spontaneity was rated low by
18(66.70%) of the participants. No competency item demonstrated a 100% level of agreement. Those which
had the highest level of agreement were intervention and recording 89% each. Evaluation of intervention and
application of a nursing model were acceptable to 85% of the respondents. This supports the urgent need for an
objective evaluation tool. These results alone could profoundly impact on the way MSc – medical-surgical
student nurses are prepared and assessed bearing in mind the many changes suggested by the experts. For
example the suggestion of inclusion of Concept Mapping by half of the participants, if incorporated in the tool
will ensure that the student’s clinical reasoning is assessed. Other domains suggested for inclusion in the tool are
communication and critical thinking. These two are major curriculum and instruction core outcome indicators
that must be defined and described in terms of observable behaviour and characteristics of students. However
critical thinking being a complex construct which includes skills and disposition as well as metacognition would
present challenges to the assessors (Bensel & Murtagh, undated). Effective communication is necessary in
creating an environment in which mutual learning occurs among healthcare stakeholders. The nurse also needs
these skills to teach, advise and counsel her/his clients about health, illness, risk factors and health living. The
next phase of the study will involve “development and validation of an instrument” for the assessment of clinical
competence of MSc – medical-surgical nurse student.
1.4. Conclusion
This study concluded that:1. The current instrument has a low Congruency Agreement Percentage and that, 79% of competency items
have low Item Content Validity (ICV).
58
7. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol.3, No.13, 2013
www.iiste.org
2.
Many of the competencies though relevant to the clinical competence of the MSc - medical–surgical nurse
student at completion of the course are not placed in the relevant competency domain(s).
3.
Documentation, concept mapping, critical thinking are some of the essential competency domains which
should be assessed in MSc nurse student pursuing medical-surgical specialty.
4.
Confidentiality and empathy are difficult to assess objectively.
5.
There is urgent need to develop and validate a tool for assessing MSc medical-surgical nurse students at
completion of the course
5. Acknowledgement
Our sincere thanks to the nurse educators and clinicians who participated in this first phase of the study and for
sharing their knowledge and competence. The authors also wish to thank the Ministry of Higher Education
Science and Technology, Director of School of Nursing Sciences University of Nairobi and the joint Kenyatta
National Hospital & University of Nairobi Ethics and Research Committee for approving the study.
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