I need full answered and labeling the pic also cycles well. Unit 1 • Know the properties of life, examples of each property • Cell theory and hierarchy of life. : know the figure with shows molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organisms, etc....  also know how life is categorized by taxonomy • know what evolution is and how populations evolve.   • know the difference between  prokaryotes  and  eukaryotes • How is science done?  What are the two methods?  What are the steps of the scientific method? Unit 2 • Describe atomic structure • What are the different types of bonds?  How are they each formed?  know the difference between a polar and non-polar bond and how that affects the ability of the molecule to dissolve in water (understand the difference between a hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecule) • Why is carbon important?  What makes carbon a good molecule for biological material? • What is an acid, what is a base and what is buffer? • what types of reactions make and break complex molecules? • For each of the major macromolecules ( carbs , lipids, proteins, nucleic acids), know: monomer structure, polymer structure, examples, functions, types of bonds used to form them  •  especially know the protein structure levels, the bonds that stabilize proteins, know what an amino acid is and its structure Unit 3 • What is the structure of a  eukaryotic  cell? • What limits cell size?  What are the implications of this as a multicellular organism? • What is the nucleus, nucleolus, what is each responsible for? • What are ribosomes, where are they found?  what do they do? • What is the ER for?  What are the different types of ER, what does each type do? • What is the function of the  golgi ?  • What are  lysosomes  and  peroxisomes ?  What does each do?  What is a vacuole? • What are the structures and functions of the  mitochondria  and chloroplast?  How are these two organelles similar?  • what is the function of the  cytoskeleton ?  • Describe the structure of the plasma membrane.  Why is a fluid mosaic?  • What types of proteins are bound to the membrane • Why are membrane proteins important?  How can we utilize them in medicine? • What factors affect the fluidity of the membrane? • How are cells connected to one another?  What are the molecules that help establish those connections?  • What is the Extracellular matrix (ECM)? what kinds of molecules are found in the ECM? Why are these molecules important? • Describe the various processes of membrane transport: • what substances passively diffuse across the membrane? • which types of molecules have moderate permeability?  low and very low permeability? • how does water get across the membrane? • What are the different types of passive transport? • Describe the types of transporters. • describe the process of osmosis, be prepared to use the terms  hypotonic ,  hypertonic  and isotonic and be able to describe where water will move across the membrane. • Describe act.

1. I need full answered and labeling the pic also cycles well.
Unit 1
•
Know the properties of life, examples of each property
•
Cell theory and hierarchy of life. : know the figure with shows
molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organisms, etc.... also know
how life is categorized by taxonomy
•
know what evolution is and how populations evolve.
•
know the difference between
prokaryotes
and
eukaryotes
•
How is science done? What are the two methods? What are the
steps of the scientific method?
Unit 2
•
Describe atomic structure
•
What are the different types of bonds? How are they each
formed? know the difference between a polar and non-polar
bond and how that affects the ability of the molecule to dissolve

2. in water (understand the difference between a hydrophobic and
hydrophilic molecule)
•
Why is carbon important? What makes carbon a good molecule
for biological material?
•
What is an acid, what is a base and what is buffer?
•
what types of reactions make and break complex molecules?
•
For each of the major macromolecules (
carbs
, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids), know: monomer structure,
polymer structure, examples, functions, types of bonds used to
form them
•
especially know the protein structure levels, the bonds that
stabilize proteins, know what an amino acid is and its structure
Unit 3
•
What is the structure of a
eukaryotic
cell?
•
What limits cell size? What are the implications of this as a
multicellular organism?
•
What is the nucleus, nucleolus, what is each responsible for?
•

3. What are ribosomes, where are they found? what do they do?
•
What is the ER for? What are the different types of ER, what
does each type do?
•
What is the function of the
golgi
?
•
What are
lysosomes
and
peroxisomes
? What does each do? What is a vacuole?
•
What are the structures and functions of the
mitochondria
and chloroplast? How are these two organelles similar?
•
what is the function of the
cytoskeleton
?
•
Describe the structure of the plasma membrane. Why is a fluid
mosaic?
•
What types of proteins are bound to the membrane
•

4. Why are membrane proteins important? How can we utilize
them in medicine?
•
What factors affect the fluidity of the membrane?
•
How are cells connected to one another? What are the
molecules that help establish those connections?
•
What is the Extracellular matrix (ECM)? what kinds of
molecules are found in the ECM? Why are these molecules
important?
•
Describe the various processes of membrane transport:
•
what substances passively diffuse across the membrane?
•
which types of molecules have moderate permeability? low and
very low permeability?
•
how does water get across the membrane?
•
What are the different types of passive transport?
•
Describe the types of transporters.
•

5. describe the process of osmosis, be prepared to use the terms
hypotonic
,
hypertonic
and isotonic and be able to describe where water will move
across the membrane.
•
Describe active transport, and membrane assisted transport
Cell Transport
•
What are the differences between passive and active transport?
•
Describe simple vs facilitated diffusion
•
describe osmosis, be prepared to use the terms
hypotonic
, isotonic,
hypertonic
•
what is membrane-assisted transport? Is this an active or
passive process?
Enzymes
•
How do enzymes affect chemical reactions? What is activation
energy? How do enzymes function, why is their shape
important?
•
How does competitive and non-competitive inhibition affect
this? How might you overcome these types of inhibition?

6. •
What is ATP: describe its structure and function
•
What is the difference between an anabolic and
catabolic
reaction?
Cell Communication
•
What is cell communication? What is it used for? What is a
ligand? receptor?
•
How are signals transferred between cells? Know the difference
between each mechanism (
autocrine
,
paracrine
, etc..).
•
What are the 3 stages of cell signaling?
•
What are the different types of receptors, how does each work?
Know how an enzyme linked, GPCR and ligand-gated ion
channel works (DETAILS ARE CRITICAL).
•
What is a
kinase
, a phosphatase?
•

7. Know the function of second messengers, know how
cAMP
is used as a second messenger. What is
adenylyl
cyclase
, PKA,
phosphodiesterase
?
Cell Respiration
•
Describe the steps of Cellular Respiration, know where each
step occurs, the products, the reactants, how much ATP,NADH,
or FADH2 is produced in each step. Know the overall chemical
equation for respiration. When is each reactant used? When is
each product made? Understand how ATP
synthase
works.
•
How do organisms make ATP in the absence of oxygen?
•
How are
biofuels
produced?
•
Describe in detail the process of fermentation in animal cells
and in yeast. Why is the conversion of
pyruvate
to lactate or ethanol necessary?
Photosynthesis
•

8. How does photosynthesis work
•
What are the products and bi-products of photosynthesis
•
Light and Dark reactions in details
•
Differences between C3, C4 and CAM plants and in what
type/part of cell the two phases of photosynthesis happen in
these plants
•
Where is the NAPH and ATP present and how are they recycled
•
Role of
RuBiSCo
in Photosynthesis and Photorespiration