Hypertensive retinopathy is retinal vascular damage caused by hypertension. It is often asymptomatic until extensive damage has occurred, at which point symptoms may include reduced vision, eye swelling, bursting of blood vessels, and headaches. Diagnosis involves examining the retina and controlling hypertension. Treatment focuses on aggressively controlling blood pressure and other vision-threatening conditions through medications, laser treatments, or injections to reduce edema.

1. HYPERTENSIVE RETINOPATHY

2. HYPERTENSIVE RETINOPATHY IS RETINAL VASCULAR
DAMAGE CAUSED BY HYPERTENSION.

3. SYMPTOMS OF HYPERTENSIVE
RETINOPATHY
• YOU WON’T HAVE ANY SYMPTOMS UNTIL THE CONDITION HAS PROGRESSED
EXTENSIVELY .
• BUT POSSIBLE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS ARE:-
 REDUCED VISION
 EYE SWELLING
 BURSTING OF BLOOD VESSEL
 DOUBLE VISION ACCOMPANIED BY HEADACHES

4. DIAGNOSIS OF HYPERTENSIVE
RETINOPATHY
• Diagnosis is by history (duration and severity of hypertension) and
funduscopy.
TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSIVE RETINOPATHY
• Hypertensive retinopathy is managed primarily by controlling
hypertension. Other vision-threatening conditions should also be
aggressively controlled. If vision loss occurs, treatment of the retinal
edema with laser or with intravitreal injection of corticosteroids or
antivascular endothelial growth factor drugs
(eg, ranibizumab, pegaptanib, bevacizumab) may be useful.

5. DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

6. DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IS A DIABETES
COM PLICATION THAT AFFECTS EYES.
IT'S CAUSED BY DAM AGE TO THE
BLOOD VESSELS OF THE LIGHT-
SENSITIVE TISSUE AT THE BACK OF
THE EYE (RETINA).
THE CONDITION CAN DEVELOP
IN ANYONE WHO HAS TYPE 1
OR TYPE 2 DIABETES. THE
LONGER YOU HAVE DIABETES
AND THE LESS CONTROLLED
YOUR BLOOD SUGAR IS, THE
MORE LIKELY YOU ARE TO
DEVELOP THIS EYE
COMPLICATION.

7. SYMPTOMS
At first, diabetic retinopathy
might cause no symptoms
or only mild vision
But it can lead to blindness.
As the condition progresses,
you might develop:
Spots or dark strings
in your vision (floaters)
Blurred vision
Fluctuating vision
Dark or empty areas in your
vision
Vision loss

8. CAUSES
• Over time, too much sugar in your blood can
lead to the blockage of the tiny blood vessels
that nourish the retina, cutting off its blood
supply. As a result, the eye attempts to grow
new blood vessels. But these new blood
vessels don't develop properly and can leak
easily.
• There are two types of diabetic retinopathy:
 Early diabetic retinopathy. In this more
common form — called nonproliferative
diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) — new blood
vessels aren't growing (proliferating).
• Advanced diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic
retinopathy can progress to this more severe
type, known as proliferative diabetic
retinopathy. In this type, damaged blood
vessels close off, causing the growth of new,
abnormal blood vessels in the retina.

9. COMPLICATIONS
Diabetic retinopathy involves the growth of abnormal blood vessels in the
retina. Complications can lead to serious vision problems:
• Vitreous hemorrhage.
• Retinal detachment.
• Glaucoma.
• Blindness.

10. TREATMENT
• SCATTER LASER TREATMENT- to shrink
abnormal blood vessels, reduce O2 supply
to retina and increase supply of O2 to
macula.
• VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH
FACTOR(VEGF) INJECTIONS- reduction of
new blood vessels.
• VITRECTOMY SURGERY- removal of blood
flow in vitreous humour and replace with
sterile normal saline.
• FOCAL LASER TREATMENT FOR MACULA
OEDEMA- reduce leakage of fluid and
reduce the amount of fluid in retina.