hygiene and ecology theme 5 answer all questions from 1 to .pdf

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hygiene and ecology theme 5 answer all questions from 1 to 15 1. The actual hygienic water problems. The role of the potable water quality and peculiarities of water supply on the inhabitants' health and sanitary living conditions. 2. The general biological, physiological, climate formation, balneology and national-economic significance of water. 3. Hygienic significance of water. Water supply norms and their bases. 4. Epidemiological value of water. Infectious diseases, exciters of which are transmitted through the water. Features water epidemics and their prevention. 5. Diseases of infectious origin caused by using low-quality water and their prevention. The problem of macro- and microelementoses water origin. 6. Hygienic requirements for drinking water quality: indicators of physiological usefulness mineral composition; epidemical indicators; sanitary -chemical parameters of safety; specific indicators of total -, - activity radiation safety. 7. Normative documents which regulate the quality of water. The sphere of expansion and main regulations State Sanitary Rules and Standards N2.2.4171-10 "Hygienic requirements to potable water for people using" and State Sanitary Rules and Standards 4808:2007 "The sources of central water supply. Hygienic and ecological requirements to water quality and the rules of water intake". 8. Classification of natural sources of water supply, conditions of formation of water in them. 9. Comparative characteristics of centralized and decentralized water supply. 10. Sources, causes and mechanisms of contamination of surface and ground waters. Zones of sanitary protection of water sources, the purpose of their organization, especially the regime. 11. Methods of sanitary inspection of water objects. Hygienic value of individual elements of the sanitary inspection: sanitary-topographical, sanitary-epidemiological, sanitary-technical. 12. Rules and equipment used for sampling water from surface water reservoirs, wells and capture and centralized water supply systems for bacteriological and sanitary-chemical analysis. 13. Sanitary control at centralized water supply. Kinds of laboratory analysis of water - bacteriological and sanitary- chemical. 14. Sanitary inspection on systems of local water supply. The structure and exploitation of shaft wells, catchments, sources. The wells sanation. 15. The methods of analysis reading and expert hygienic assessment of drinking water..

Education

Water is essential to sustain the life. Water samples have collected from a different urban area of H. D. Kote town of Mysore district from different sources such as hand pump, public taps, and stored household drinking water. Physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of the water samples were analysed following the standard methods to evaluate the quality of drinking water. All physic-chemical parameters are within the permissible limit to WHO. The microbiological analysis shows that that t nearly 53 % of the samples were observed with coliform contamination. The significant difference among water sources regarding total plate count was observed, where stored household water has relatively higher compared to tap and borewell water exceeding the standard limit. Both hand pump and the tap water were not detected with any E. coli contamination whereas 80% of the household stored water samples have shown E. coli contamination. The presence of significant counts of coliforms in stored household water indicates post poor sanitation and existence of human activities. Attention should be given to the collection, storage, and management by additional treatment to maintain and prevent excessive microbial growth

Abstract sustainable

baran346

The document summarizes various studies on water quality in Erbil governorate. It finds that water sample quality varied by time and location, with some sites showing pollution. Testing of the Greater Zap river found the water was not safe for drinking due to bacterial indicators. Some lake water also showed eutrophic conditions. The objectives are to summarize existing information on natural and drinking water quality and identify gaps. It concludes that groundwater is generally suitable for drinking but some showed nitrate and mineral contamination. Surface water quality varied, with some parameters within WHO guidelines and others exceeding limits. Improved management strategies are needed like establishing water quality standards, a national water quality database, and a Kurdistan Environmental Protection Agency to continuously monitor water

Presentation. Year three content to study

AmatiRonald

This document discusses a research study aimed at identifying drinking water sources, analyzing water use practices and challenges, strategies to overcome challenges, and causes of physico-chemical contamination in the water sources of two communities in Arua district. The study will collect quantitative and qualitative data through surveys and interviews to understand water sources, use, challenges and mitigation strategies. Water samples will also be collected and analyzed for physico-chemical parameters like pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature and chloride. The research aims to uncover the properties of drinking water sources to enable evidence-based interventions to improve water quality and people's quality of life.

Study on the quality of water, sanitation and hygiene practices in the school...

UNICEF Europe & Central Asia

The study assessed water quality, sanitation, and hygiene practices in Moldovan schools. It found that over 1/6 of water samples from schools did not meet quality standards, with high rates of non-compliance for nitrites, microbial contamination, fluoride, and boron. Students in nearly 1/3 of administrative regions were exposed to health risks from microbe-polluted water, affecting about 17% of students. Similarly, around 21% of students faced risks from nitrate-polluted water. Recommendations included improving water sources, sanitation infrastructure, and hygiene education to protect students' health.

Concept paper final.pptx

AmatiRonald

This document presents a study on the physico-chemical quality of drinking water sources for the Muni community in Arua district, Uganda. The study aims to assess parameters like temperature, pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, hardness, calcium, magnesium and chloride levels and compare them to WHO standards. Water samples will be collected from boreholes, shallow wells and springs for analysis. Determining the quality of drinking water is important for public health as contaminated water can cause diseases. The results of the study will help authorities monitor water sources in the community.

Drinking water and wastewater monitoring

Ali Adane

Water quality can be assessed through various physical, chemical, and biological indicators. It depends on factors like geology, ecosystem, and human activities. Standards are set based on intended uses like drinking, industrial, or environmental. Water is sampled and tested using on-site or laboratory methods to monitor these indicators. Maintaining adequate water quality is important for public health and ecosystem protection.

Determination of surface water quality status and identifying potential pollu...

Alexander Decker

Comparative Analysis of Physicochemical Parameters and Heavy Metals of Public...

iosrjce

The study examined the physicochemical and heavy metal analysis of municipal water supply along the distribution channels from source (raw water) to end user points of Kaduna metropolis. Water samples were collected from the raw water sources of the treatment plants in the metropolis (Malali and Barnawa water works), treated water from the treatment plant reservoirs, the three booster stations (Kawo, Lugard Hall and Tudun Wada) and randomly from residential areas which includes; Malali, Barnawa, Tudun Wada, Marafa, Kabala costain, Badiko, Kurmin Mashi and UnguwanSunusi area of the metropolis. The samples were analyzed for pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, alkalinity, sulphate, nitrate, DO, BOD, COD, iron and free CO2 using standard procedure described by American public Health Association(APHA),heavy metals such as chromium, lead, nickel, copper and cadmium were analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy, The result obtained was compared with the WHO and the Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water set by the Standard Organization of Nigeria(SON). pH and turbidity of all samples from raw water to treated water delivered to end users with mean values of pH of 5.67 for raw water and a range of 4.48-4.60 for treated water all falls above the permissible limit of 6.5-8.5, turbidity values of 1883NTU for raw water and a range of 11.60-41.36NTU for treated water all falls above the permissible limit of 5NTU for portable water other parameters were all within the standard limit, copper and iron were detected in all samples but within the permissible limit ,lead ,chromium, nickel and cadmium were above maximum permissible in all samples analyzed

WATER QUALITY IN INDIA

NEERAJ RANI

The document discusses water quality issues in India. It states that over 60,000 Indian children under five die from diarrhea caused by unsafe water and poor sanitation annually. Water quality is affected by sewage, agricultural and urban runoff, and industrial discharge. Common contaminants include fluoride, arsenic, and nitrates from various sources. Monitoring of water quality is done across India through networks measuring various biological, physical, chemical and aesthetic parameters. However, many areas still face poor water quality posing health risks like cancer and fluorosis. Ensuring access to safe drinking water remains a key challenge.

Waterquality 120507145656-phpapp01

MAHMUDUL KARIM

Water quality refers to the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of water relative to its intended uses. It is assessed using standards related to ecosystem health, human contact, and drinking water. Water quality depends on local geology, ecosystems, and human activities like pollution. Parameters vary based on intended uses like drinking, industry, or environmental uses. Maintaining appropriate water quality involves understanding water systems, identifying contaminants, and regulating pollution through legislation.

Angelica m. gonzalez proposal ppt

angelicagonzalez10

This research proposal aims to analyze the bacteriological contamination of surface and underground water sources in the San Salvador neighborhood of Caguas, Puerto Rico. The neighborhood has 3,272 residents served by community water systems, many of which do not meet water quality standards. The study aims to sample water sources to detect E. coli using PCR and electrophoresis techniques, examine relationships between water quality and infectious diseases in residents, and raise awareness in the community about water conservation regulations. The researcher hypothesizes that human activities like improper waste disposal are contaminating local water bodies in a way that could impact public health.

STUDIES OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL STATUS OF THE SIRPUR TALAB AT INDORE, INDIA

ijsrd.com

In India, most of the population is dependent on surface water as the only source of drinking water supply. Water sources available for drinking and other domestic purpose must possess high degree of purity, free from chemical contamination and micro-organism. The fresh water pollution has long been discussed by life scientists. Sirpur Talab, a small Lake located in the outskirts (Dhar Road) of about 6-8 kms away from the city of Indore, India. The Present study was attempted to investigate the Physico-chemical variability of Sirpur talab such as Water Temperature, Transparency, Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Total Hardness, Chlorides, Alkalinity, and Sulphate. In the present study water samples were collected in the period and various physico-chemical analyses were performed based on standard methods. The work is carried on the seasonal basis in order to determine the effect of the climatic factors on the water quality; three samples were collected in every season between Januarys to December for two different stations of the pond. By observing the result it can be concluded that the parameters which showed the DO (6.9-12.8mg/l), total hardness (53-98mg/L), calcium (28-44 mg/L), magnesium (20-320 mg/L) etc. The results revealed that most of the water samples were out of limited; according to the WHO standards. This work is intended to determine the overall water quality of the Sirpur talab. Other Details Paper ID: IJSRDV2I9057 Published in: Volume : 2, Issue : 9 Publication Date: 01/12/2014 Page(s): 82-85 Article Preview Download Article inShare For Authors Submit Manuscript Check Paper Status Archive Current Issue Past Issue Downloads Call for Papers Submission Date : 25-Spet-2015 Quick Links PrivacyPolicy Refund Policy Terms & Conditions Stay In The Know ! Please enter your email to join our mailing list Enter Email Here… GO To unsubscribe please click here » Copyright © 2014 - All Rights Reserved - IJSRDDeveloped by : Offshore Technology Solutio

Water quality

Jasmine John

Water quality refers to the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water. It is determined by measuring various parameters and comparing them to standards for different intended uses like drinking water, recreation, agriculture, and ecosystem health. Assessing water quality involves understanding natural and human factors that can influence contaminant levels. Monitoring programs and technologies help evaluate water quality over time and inform policies to protect water resources and public health.

ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF TAP DRINKING WATER IN VARIOUS AREAS OF RAJASTHAN...

IRJET Journal

This document analyzes the quality of tap water from various areas in Rajasthan, India by testing for various physico-chemical parameters and comparing to Indian drinking water standards. Water samples were collected from Ajmer, Chittorgarh, Gangrar, Bhilwara, Kota, Bundi, and Udaipur and tested for parameters like pH, TDS, hardness, calcium, magnesium, chromium, iron, nitrate, fluoride, sulfate, sodium, and potassium. The results found that several parameters exceeded permissible limits, especially in Chittorgarh, Gangrar, and Bhilwara, indicating the tap water is not safe for drinking and needs treatment. A literature review supported the

Nutdemineralized 1

munawar hussain

Demineralized water lacks important minerals like calcium and magnesium that are naturally present in most drinking water sources. Long term consumption of demineralized water can negatively impact health in several ways: 1) It disrupts the body's water and mineral homeostasis leading to increased excretion of essential minerals; 2) It provides practically zero intake of calcium and magnesium which are important nutrients; 3) It may increase the leaching of toxic metals from water distribution pipes into the water. More research is still needed but demineralized water should be remineralized before long term consumption to support human health.

Evaluation of Potential Physico-Chemical Ground Water Pollution: a Case Study...

EditorIJAERD

Ground water is a large source of water for utilisation in the world. This resource is not easily accessible to monitor its changes and its deterioration is not easy to reverse. In the current study, physico-chemical parameters of groundwater for Kiwanja Market (KM) were analysed and compared to the Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBs) water quality. The pH, DO, temperature, turbidity, chlorine, iron, water hardness, potassium and calcium were analysed. All the parameters studied were within the stipulated levels except iron, and chloride for samples from point C (Ebenezer Hostel). Turbidity for samples from points A and C were above the permissible levels of KEBs standards. The water sampled from point A and C may require further treatment to allow for domestic use. This analysis revealed to some extent a healthier system, though further analysis is needed to support this assertion. Continuous monitoring of the groundwater sources within KM should be taken on regular basis to detect any changes and to sustainably maintain the quality of water within the required KEBs water quality standards.

Environment i lecs 1 to 16 wbb34

WBB34

This document contains lecture notes from an environmental engineering class. It discusses the following topics: 1. The grading breakdown for the class, which includes exams, assignments, attendance, and a practical exam. 2. An introduction to environmental engineering and science, including definitions, the duties of environmental engineers, and branches of the field. 3. Key terms used in environmental engineering and descriptions of environmental segments, pollution, and changes. 4. Details on specific lectures, including water supply engineering, water quality parameters, water treatment processes, and environmental legislation. 5. Recommended textbooks and references for the class.

Presentation on water supply system and sources in rural area

14031907

The document discusses rural water supply and the importance of safe drinking water. It notes that over 30% of the rural population in developing countries lacks access to safe water. Traditionally, rural communities obtain water from unprotected sources like ponds, wells and rivers, which often leads to waterborne diseases. The document outlines some strategies for effective rural water supply, including selecting appropriate water sources and treatment methods tailored to local conditions. The goal is to provide access to basic water services while minimizing costs through community-based management approaches.

Water Supply Lesson 1 - Introduction to water supply.pdf

abdi977630

This document provides an introduction to water supply, including: - An overview of present challenges in water supply due to population growth and water scarcity. - A brief history of water treatment from ancient times to modern water treatment plants. - The main requirements and goals of water treatment, which are to provide hygienically safe drinking water that meets legal and user requirements. - An outline of common water treatment processes used today including physical, chemical, and biological processes and the equipment involved at different treatment stages from pre-treatment to disinfection and distribution.

Diseases associated with water

Accra School of Hygiene

Diseases related to water and sanitation are the major causes of high morbidity and mortality in developing countries especially in children and infants (under 5 years). Water may carry causative agents (pathogens) of communicable diseases of man or provide the right environment for the breeding and propagation of their vectors. The presence of contaminants in water can lead to adverse health effects, including death, disability, illness, or disorders.

An Assessment on Drinking Water Quality and Management in Kakamega Municipality

paperpublications3

Abstract: Drinking water must be free from components which may adversely affect the human health. Such components include minerals, organic substances and disease causing microorganisms. A large portion of the population in urban areas in developing countries suffers from health problems associated with either lack of drinking water or due to the presence of microbiological contamination in water. This research was conducted in Kakamega municipality with a broad objective to conduct assessment of water quality and management in Kakamega municipality. The Specific objective was to determine the chemical water quality parameters in water and to evaluate the management practices on water in Kakamega municipality. Four water quality parameters; two physical and two chemical were tested from the samples collected for this research work. Sampling technique was purposive where water samples from water sources and distribution points in densely populated areas of Kakamega municipality were taken. Data collection instruments that were used included sterilized bottles to collect water, delivery to the laboratory within six (6) hours of collection for reliable results and data quality control was achieved through immediate entry in the pre-designed data form. According to the results pH values at all the sources and house connections are well within the WHO desirable limit of 6.50-8.0. The sample from Sichirai had a pH of 7.8 that was the highest as compared to an Isiukhu river that had 6.6 pH. The samples from Isiukhu river, Savona Island River, fishpond at bridge and Shikhambi spring showed more than 5 NTU. The researchers recommended for water surveillance in Kakamega municipality in order to ensure consumers have safe water free from agricultural and industrial chemical pollution.

Proposal angelica m. gonzalez (written)

angelicagonzalez10

This document provides a research proposal to analyze bacteriological contamination of surface and groundwater bodies in the San Salvador neighborhood of Caguas, Puerto Rico and its implications on community water systems. The study will examine community water systems in the area, septic systems, and the presence of bacteria in water bodies. It aims to determine if bacteria levels violate regulations and relate to water-borne diseases in the community. It also seeks to educate residents on water quality standards through community interviews and information sessions. The researcher hypothesizes that human contamination, especially from septic tanks, is polluting water sources and posing health risks to those using community water systems.

Water Quality

Salahaddin University - Erbil

Water quality can be classified based on physical, chemical, and biological parameters. Physical parameters include turbidity, temperature, taste, odor, and solids. Chemical parameters include pH, hardness, chlorine, and metals like iron and manganese. Biological parameters refer to presence of bacteria, algae, viruses, and protozoa. Water quality standards set by WHO and ISO provide guidelines on permissible limits of different parameters to ensure water is safe for drinking and other uses. Understanding these parameters is important for treating water and removing contaminants to provide potable water.

jurnal gilang.pptx

RezaAndrea1

This study evaluated the microbiological and physicochemical quality of water from the Nzhelele River in South Africa, which is an important source of drinking water for rural communities. Membrane filtration and specialized equipment were used to analyze E. coli, enterococci, pH, conductivity, turbidity, and anion levels from January to June 2014. Results found high levels of fecal bacteria that exceeded limits for drinking water. However, measurements of pH, conductivity, and anions were within permissible limits. The study concludes that while chemical parameters of the river water meet guidelines, it is contaminated with fecal organisms and poses health risks if used for drinking without treatment.

HW8 Concept Deep Learning Q1 Neural Networrks 2 Points Se.pdf

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