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The Early Middle
Ages
BY:
Mayank
Middle Ages
The years between CE 400s and 1500s
are called the Middle Ages
 Also called the Medieval period
This period is seen as a transition in the
development of western culture
 Took place in Europe
Foundations of Early Medieval
Society
Classical heritage of Rome
Christian beliefs
Customs of Germanic tribes
Background Information
The decline of Roman influence in
Western Europe left people with
little protection against invasion, so
they entered into feudal
agreements with land-
holding lords who promised
them protection.
Feudal Agreements
As we have seen repeatedly,
when power falls, chaos often
follows.
 With the decline of the Western
Roman Empire (the power),
western Europe fell into complete
chaos.
Germanic Invasions shattered
Roman protection over the Empire.
Germanic Invasions
In 476, the last of the Western
Roman Empire vanished.
One of the major reasons for the
decline and fall of Rome was the
Germanic Invasions
Those invasions
continued into the
Medieval period, also
known as the Middle
Ages.
These invaders were the
Angles, Saxons,
Magyars and Vikings.
Germanic Invasions
Germanic Invasions
They greatly
influenced the
development of
Europe.
Germanic Invasions
Angles and Saxons came from the
European continent (current day
Germany) and settled in England
Anglo Saxons
Germanic Invasions
Magyars came from Central Asia
and settled in what is now
Hungary
Germanic Invasions
Vikings were raiders
that would make raids
into Europe, steal
everything they could,
and then go back to
Scandinavia. They
rarely settled.
 Later they migrate to
Russia.
Known for their ship-
building and navigation
skills
Rise of Feudal
Agreements
Roman protection is gone
Roman towns are in decline,
losing population rapidly.
Remember, Roman towns
developed to support trade with
the Roman legions stationed at
forts, protecting the borders.
From This
T
o This
Rise of Feudal
Agreements
Without any central government, those
towns started to die and people drifted
away.
Add to this mix, the Germanic barbarians
wandering the countryside causing
trouble.
These people had no written laws and
elected kings to lead them.
Rise of Feudal
Agreements
People were
looking for
leadership and
protection.
Local strongmen
who commanded
small armies
often provided
that protection
Rise of Feudal
Agreements
The agreement part came when
people agreed to work the land of
the local strongman in return for
protection.
 “I’ll farm for you and you won’t let
the bad guys get me.”
Each side had responsibilities and
benefits.
Medieval Society
Three social classes grew
out of this initial chaos and
reorganization:
 Nobles
 Clergy
 Peasants
Nobles
Ruling class, top
of the pyramid,
the strongman
Kings, lords,
vassals, and
knights were all
types of nobility.
Clergy
Clergy – Church
officials
 Priests, monks, nuns,
the Pope.
Could come from the
nobility or the peasant
class.
Clergy
Obviously, clergy that
came from nobility were
ranked higher in the
church than peasant
clergy.
Peasants
Lowest class,
also the largest
Approximately
95% of the entire
population of
Europe at this
time were
Peasants.
Peasants
Three guesses as to what peasants
did for work…..
Peasants
FARM!!!
Nobility & Feudal Obligation
Fief – the lot of land granted to a
vassal by a lord
Fallow Field
Blacksmith Shop
Lord’s Oven
Lord’s Manor House
Peasant’s Houses
Church
Well
Kitchen Garden
Mill
Wheat Field
Peas, Oats, Barley,
Beans
Life in a Manor
Peasant Life
 Very hard life – spent long hours in the fields
 Little time for leisure activities
 Life expectancy was short due to hunger,
disease, and war
Noble Life
 Lived in castles that served
as a fort for protection
 Not a luxurious life – disease

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