1. A guild was a group of merchants or craftsmen in medieval cities that regulated trade and production. It controlled training, prices, and quality of goods. 2. The growth of cities was caused by increased trade and economic activity. More jobs drew people from rural areas into urban centers. 3. Social groups in medieval cities included merchants, artisans, laborers, clergy, and nobility. The social structure was more complex than in rural areas.

1. Preguntas
1What was a guild? How did it works? A group of
2What causes the growht of cities?
3Wich social groups lived in medieval cities? Were they the same as in the country side
4How did thhe monarchies strengthen their authority?
5What were the names of parciamentary assemblies in different countries?
6Wich two cities contested the seat of the papacy?
7What caused the crisis of the late middle ages?
Feudalism
In the 9th century after the collapse of the carolingian empire was formed the feudal sistem
because
-The power of the new kings was very weak
-The population was in unsafe situation in return for protection people willing to submit
themselves to others
-Was based in the vasallage relactionship consisted of trades etablished beetwen free men
-The higest ranking man was know as the lord. He gaved a benefice (a piece of the lard called
fief) to the man with the lower rank ins called. (in could have various vassals)
-A vassals who suare fealty to him
-In one of them brached they agrement, they were consider a traidor
Muhammad,

2. Prophet founder of
islam.
Muhammad arounced that he had a vision in wich the archangel Gabriel related to him that he
lad been chosen to convey a divine message
The doctrine of islam
Declaration of paytit-> There is not God but Allah and Muhammed is mesenger
Obligatory prayer->Most of the people pray five times a day facing towards
Piligrimate to Mecca->Every Mecaa at least his or her life
Fusting overing ramadan-> It is forbidden to eat and drink sunrise to sunset
Compulsory charity-> By helping the poor
Byzamtium: the
roman empire
The roman empire was divided in two, governed by two:

3. -Western roman empire:
Roman legions could not defended against the germanic civilisation
-Eastern roman empire:
As the Byzantine empire.under the rules of eperor Justinian
The fall of constantinople
Was a shock to the west. As the end we christiary, it marks the end of the middle ages and the
beginning of the modern ages. Over time, the city was given its current name: Istambul. The
Ottoman empire held the city untill its collapse after would was I
Christianity in byzamtium
The byzantine empire was able to adapt classic culture (Greek and Roman) To that of
Cristianity:
-The iconoclastic controversy:
Ordered the destruction of images and banned their worship. This controversy greatly affecr
the byzantine empires´s with rome
-East-West Schims:
The patriarch of costantinople was the higgest authority of the Byzantine church and not that
of the popuation in rome. The differents grew until there was a great schism in the 11th
century, a separation with the church, wich still exists since them, eastern church been called
orthodox.
Piramid of fealty
1King-> The king was the most important law
2Upper nobility and clergy-> the upper nobility, Dukes and counts, were vassal of the king. The
clergy our obedience to the church. But also swear fealty to the king: created many conflicts

4. 3 Lower nobility-> Barons, were vassals of the upper nobility.
The kings: Were chosen by god became accepted and the crown were hereditary
Lord and vassals: Took part in vassallage ceremony. In the homerage, the vassal agred provide
the lord with the help (ovxilium), when ever it was need and to give advice(consilium) whe
asked. in the investityte, the lord granted his vassal a. This provided a means of subsistence for
the vassal
The clergy
-Played a key role in the feudal system
-Bishops (church leader) come from noble families. However priest , monks and nuns lied
much simpler lives.
The cruzates
Military expeditions called by the popes of rome and conduced by christians to conquist the
holy land (Jerusalen) to muslims.